微课二 运用“4妙招"破解长难句-【创新教程】2026年高考英语大二轮专题增分方案学生用书

|英语 典例 指津 disservice由dis-否定前缀和service构成，前文提到 (2025·全国二卷阅读B)Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments;they "Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.”;后文提到“They express sympathy instead."I feel like it is a think their teachers don't care about their school- disservice to the kids,”Ho says..“They work.”,所以该词所在的这句话中disservice应理解 think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.” 为对某人或某事起到负面作用、损害了某种利益等 内容，可推断其意为“帮倒忙；损害”。 微课二运用“4妙招”破解长难句 阅读理解得分低，根本原因是句子太长或者 塑招二 提主干，去枝叶 句子结构复杂，使考生看不懂。句子太长或者句 般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信 子结构复杂通常是该句除了主干之外还包含了 息为主要信息，从句、状语或定语等所表达的信 一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各 息为次要信息。若句子的主干被提炼出来，就能 种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。 完全把握句子的核心意义，也就不会思维混乱， 主次不分。 塑招一 寻谓语，提主干 (2025·全国一卷阅读B)When the final 般情况下，我们可以根据谓语来确定其主 bell rang in June,I walked away with a 语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的 yearbook full of messages about writing's 典 谓语时，则该句可能是并列句或复合句（并列谓语 例 most powerful significance-the ability to 的情况除外)。 connect people,to put us in another's skin,to teach us what it means to be hu- (2025·全国二卷阅读C)Plants can improve man. our state of mind in a few ways but the big- 提主干I walked away 例 gest is by decreasing our level of cortisol,the stress hormone(激素)in our body. when引导时间状语从句；with a yearbook full of messages about 本句的谓语为：can improve;is writing's most powerful signifi- 分 寻谓语 by decreasing our level of corti- cance为with的复合结构表示伴 去枝叶 sol 随；the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin,to 本句的主干为：Plants can im teach us what it means to be hu- 提主干 prove our state of mind;the big- man作同位语，其中并列的三个不 分 gest is by decreasing our level of 定式短语作定语，修饰the ability 析 cortiso】 当六月最后的铃声响起时，我带着一本年 鉴离开了，年鉴上写满了关于写作最强大 本句是一个有转折连词but连 句 接的并列句。the stress hor- 意 的意义的信息—写作能把人与人联系 析成分 起来、让我们换位思考，使我们明白做人 mone(激素)in our body作cor 的意义。 tisol的同位语 妙招三 寻关联，辨逻辑 植物可以通过几种方式改善我们的精神 些长难句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句 句 状态，但最显著的作用方式是通过降低我 或复合句，它们之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果 意 们的皮质醇水平，皮质醇是我们体内的压 找准这些关联词，我们就能够弄清楚句与句之间的 力激素。 逻辑关系，分别弄清楚主句和从句的意义，那么长 句就容易理解了。 Dream as if you'll live forever,live as if you'll die today ·10· 如永生般逐梦，如末日般生活。 [第一板块]核心素养之阅读篇] (2025·浙江1月卷阅读C)In a matrix (2023·全国乙卷阅读D)If you want to garden,plants with similar cultural needs tell the history of the whole world,a his- 典 are grouped so that they will grow to- tory that does not privilege one part of 例 gether above and below ground,forming 典 例 humanity,you cannot do it through texts a cooperative ecosystem that conserves alone,because only some of the world water and discourages weeds. has ever had texts,while most of the 提主干 world,for most of the time,has not. plants are grouped In a matrix garden为地点状语； If you want to tell the history of the with similar cultural needs为介 whole world为if引导的条件状语从 词短语作后置定语；so that引导 析 寻关联， 句；that does not privilege one part of 目的状语从句；forming a coop humanity为that引导的定语从句，修饰 辨逻辑 搭 erative ecosystem为动词-ing形 配 先行词a history;because only some 式短语作结果状语；that引导定 of the world has ever had texts 语从句，修饰先行词ecosystem. 析 because引导的原因状语从句，while 为并列连词，意为“然而，而且”。 在矩阵式花园中，具有相似培育需求的植 物被组合在一起，以便于它们在地上和地 a history that does not privilege one part 句 防 下一起生长，形成一个协同的生态系统， 分 of humanity为同位语，对the history of 该生态系统既能节约用水，又能抑制杂草 隔 the whole world进行解释说明。 的生长。 如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不赋予 地招四 看搭配，防分隔 人类一部分特权的历史，你就不能仅仅通过 有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个搭配 句 文本来做，因为世界上只有一些人曾经有过 构成，而且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。考生 意 文本，而世界上的大多数人，在大多数时间 若不受分隔现象的干扰，就会看清句子的本来面 里，都没有。 目，对句意的理解就不会发生偏差。 ■随堂小测夯基础 夯基础固能力检测随堂效果 分析下列长难句并尝试翻译 2.(2025·浙江1月卷完形填空)The platform L.(2025·浙江1月卷完形填空)Ribeiro charges has enabled Ribeiro to realize her dream with e35 per person for what is usually a three- a great deal of freedom,as opposed to a res- course meal that can last up to three hours. taurant where the service is impersonal,the [分析]寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为 menu is known in advance,and the meal is ,主干为 expected to be no surprise. 分析]寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为 [析成分] 介词for十 what is usu- ,主干为 ally a three-course meal;that can last up to three hours为 ,修饰先行词 [析成分]本句中with a great deal of free- dom为介词短语作 状语；as opposed [翻译] to a restaurant..为介词短语作 状 语；where引导定语从句，修饰先行词 ·11 |英语 ,在定语从句中the service..,the 6.(2025·全国一卷阅读D)Microplastics have menu..,and the meal..为并列三项对比 become a common source of pollution across 说明。 the Earth-they have settled in the deep sea [翻译] and on the Himalayas,stuck inside volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. 3.(2025·全国一卷完形填空)I take joy in [分析]提主干：本句为复合句。句子主干为 knowing that,somewhere nearby,someone is appreciating something that couldn't come with us. [分析]寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为 析成分]across the Earth是介词短语作 ,主干为 修饰整个主句；破折号后面的整个 析成分]knowing..with us为动词-ing形 部分是同位语，用来具体解释和举例说明前一 式短语作介词 that...someone is 分句的内容，在这个同位语部分中，主语they appreciating something..with us为that引 指代前面的 。 其后是由have和四个 导的 ,作动词 的宾语；that 并列的过去分词构成的 结构：have set- couldn't come with us为that引导的 tled...,(have)stuck...,(have)filled...,and 修饰先行词 even(have)fallen...。 [翻译] [翻译] 4.(2025·全国一卷阅读D)Crucially,this process relies on the water containing enough 7.(2025· calcium carbonate to trap the plastics. 全国一卷七选五)One thing Murphy [分析]寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为 may not know is that her smile is contagious ,主干为 and can be the difference in a student having a [析成分]Crucially放在句首，为评注性状 much better day than they were having before 语；containing enough calcium carbonate为动 seeing her. 词-ing形式短语作 ,修饰名词water; [分析]提主干：本句为复合句。句子主干为 to trap the plastics不定式 状语。 [翻译] [析成分] Murphy may not know为 5.(2025·全国一卷阅读C)Describing her alarm 从句，修饰先行词 that her smile is... at its proposed replacement with an express- and can be.为 从句；a much better way,Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to day than..为比较结构。 champion "New York as a decent place to [翻译] live,and not just rush through. [分析]寻谓语，找主干：本句的谓语为 8.(2025· 全国一卷语法填空)Tu says that the ,主干为 [析成分]Describing..cx邓ressway为动词- balance between the black and white pieces, ing形式短语作 状语；to champion“New the beauty in the strategic placement of the York as a decent place to live,and not just rush pieces,and the energy flow following each through.”为不定式作 ;直接引语内 move inspired artists to create oil paintings, 含not just.·对比结构 sculptures,digitally generated pictures and [翻译] silk-screen prints for the exhibition. [分析]提主干：本句为复合句。句子主干为 Shoot for the moon.Even if you miss,you'll land among the stars. ·12· 如果你瞄准月亮，即使迷失也是落在星辰之间。 [第一板块]核心素养之阅读篇 [析成分]在that引导的宾语从句中，有三个 dren starving in Africa 的同位语； 并列的 ,分别为the balance between ..than a prayer at dinner time为比较结构。 the black and white pieces,the beauty in the [翻译] strategic placement of the pieces,the energy flow following each move;宾语从句中的谓语 10.(2025·浙江1月卷阅读D)Yet as Martin 为 ,宾语为 to create .. for has found in her work,gender is one of the the exhibition为不定式作 0 fundamental ways people form connections [翻译] with objects,particularly those designed with human characteristics. [分析]提主干：本句为复合句。句子主干 9.(2025·全国二卷阅读D)Maybe that feeling 为 comes from growing up in South Africa, where the phrase "there are children starving [析成分]as Martin has found in her work in Africa"was more of an uncomfortable re- 为as引导的 ;people form minder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. connections with objects为定语从句，修饰先 [分析]提主干：本句为复合句。句子主干为 行词ways;designed with human characteris- tics为过去分词短语作 ,修饰代词 [析成分]in South Africa为地点状语； those. where..at dinner time为where引导的 [翻译] 从句，修饰先行词South Africa;there are chil- [题型篇阅读之解题技法提升 高考阅读理解要求考生在规定的时间内完成4篇不同体裁、题材的阅读理解题。考生不仅要能 正确理解文章的表层意思，还要能通过表层意思合理地推断出文章的隐含意义。近几年阅读理解的 命题已从对传统知识的掌握情况的考查转向对能力的考查，为了帮助考生清楚地了解英语阅读理解 题的情况，下面将具体分析近三年高考真题阅读理解题的命题特点。 ☐洞悉考情明方向 老情老向科学备考 [近三年高考考情分析] 年份/ 2025 2024 2023 卷别 新课标 全国一卷 全国二卷 新课标Ⅱ卷 全国甲卷 新课标I卷 新课标Ⅱ卷 全国乙卷 全国甲卷 I卷 内容 A B C D A B D A B D A B A B.C D A B:C D A B C D A B C D A B CD 帝 应 说 说 文体 明 文文文文文文 文 文 议论文 文 文 文 文这文文文文文文文文文文文 难度 易易难难易易中雄易易难中易易中难易中中难易中雄易中中难易中中雄易中难 细节 理解题 3111322 2 2 2 3111212/3222 ……………… …………}… 推理 /223/112 :/2231322/122 判断题 主旨 大意题 词句 猜测题 ·13·