2026届高考英语人教版一轮复习定语从句 课件

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦定语从句核心考点，依据高考评价体系梳理关系词选用、限制性与非限制性定语从句区分、“介词+关系代词”结构等考查要求，通过分析近五年高考真题，明确关系代词that/which辨析（占比约30%）、关系副词where/when运用（占比约25%）等高频考点，归纳语法填空、完形填空及书面表达中的典型题型，体现备考针对性与实用性。 课件亮点在于“考点精析+分层训练+思维建模”，通过对比关系代词that/which用法差异（如先行词为不定代词时只用that）、解析“介词+关系代词”中介词确定方法（如动词搭配turn to），培养学生分析比较的思维品质与策略运用的学习能力。特设易错点专项突破（如非限制性定语从句不用that），教师可依托例题精准指导，助力学生高效掌握答题技巧，提升高考得分率。

定语从句的前世今生 一、什么是定语？ 在汉语和英语中，定语是一种修饰或限定名词、名词性短语或代词的成分，用来说明人或事物的性质、状态、数量、所属、特征等，使被修饰的名词更具体、明确。 朕 喜欢 漂亮的 女孩 I like beautiful girls 定语：说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词 .......的 什么是定语？ 这几年的情爱与时光，终究是错付了！ 放不下荣华富贵的人，就永远成不了大气候。 只要是敢跟我争宠的女人，就都得死。 雪中送碳的情谊可比什么都可贵！再冷，也不该拿别人的血来暖自己。 黑化的甄嬛 愁眉苦脸的皇后 恃宠而骄的华妃 The teacher who taught me English last year won an award. I have something to say. This is a letter written by my grandfather. The girl singing in the park is my classmate. The book on the desk is written by a famous writer. She works in a car factory and drinks coffee every morning. His new phone is more expensive than this old one. She bought a soft sweater and a colorful scarf. 二、哪些成分可以充当定语 形容词 代词 数词 名词 介词短语 v-ing done to do 从句 We need ten fresh eggs and the first page of your report. 三、定语的位置 1.前置定语（放在被修饰词之前） 适用类型：单个单词（形容词、代词、数词、名词等） 特点：结构简单，仅用一个词修饰名词。 例句： She has a round face. He bought five red pens. This is a stone bridge. 2.后置定语（放在被修饰词之后） 适用类型： 短语：介词短语、分词短语、形容词短语、不定式短语等。 从句：定语从句。 特点：结构复杂，由多个词组成，需要后置避免修饰对象不清晰。 例句： The girl in a white dress is my sister. I like the song sung by her. I have a plan to visit the museum. This is the house where I grew up. 3.特殊情况：混合位置（前置 + 后置） 当一个名词被多个定语修饰时，可能同时出现前置和后置定语， 顺序为：前置定语 + 被修饰词 + 后置定语。 例句： We met two interesting people from Canada. 四、什么是定语从句？ 用一个句子当定语 朕 喜欢 漂亮的 女孩 朕 喜欢 长得像纯元的 女孩 I like girls who/that look like Chunyuan. 五、定语从句的结构 主句 + 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句 先行词：被修饰的名词或者代词 关系词的作用： 引导定语从句 替代先行词 充当句子成分 I like girls who/that look like Chunyuan. 在复合句中，修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词又分为关系代词和关系副词。 六、关系词 关系代词 关系副词 which that who whom whose as when where why 划分定语从句 先找关系词 前有谓，句子完；前无谓，谓二前 We visited the museum that has a lot of ancient relics last weekend. A girl who can play the piano will perform at the party. 定语从句的分类 分类 用法 定语 从句 限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用 非限制性定语从句 对先行词起补充说明作用。 在非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往用逗号隔开。 定语从句的分类 限制性定语从句 The book that you lent me is very interesting.（你借我的那本书很有趣。） 去掉从句后句子变为 “The book is very interesting”，无法明确指哪本书，因此从句是必要的。 非限制性定语从句 Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a long history. （北京，中国的首都，有着悠久的历史。） 去掉从句后句子变为 “Beijing has a long history”，意思依然完整，从句仅补充了北京的身份信息。 定语从句的分类 对比维度 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 标点符号 无逗号，直接紧跟先行词 有逗号，与主句隔开 连接词 可使用 that；指人时可用 who/whom/whose 不可用 that；指人用 who/whom/whose，指物用 which 先行词范围 可指单个名词、代词或整个句子的部分内容 可指单个名词、代词，也可指代整个主句的内容 语义逻辑 与先行词关系紧密，是句子不可分割的部分 与先行词关系松散，仅作补充说明 关系代词引导的定语从句 1.关系代词that The woman that lives next door is a teacher. The movie that we watched last night was great. He is not the man that he used to be. 主语 宾语 表语 可指人或物 作宾语或表语时可以省略 不能用于非限制性定语从句，不能用逗号隔开 关系代词引导的定语从句 2.关系代词who My father, who is a doctor, works in a hospital. The girl who you met yesterday is my classmate. He is not the hero who he pretends to be. 主语 宾语 表语 仅指人 可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句 关系代词引导的定语从句 3.关系代词which She passed the exam, which surprised everyone. The house (which) I bought last year is very big. The situation which it is now is quite complex. 主语 宾语 表语 仅指物 可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句 作宾语时可省略 关系代词引导的定语从句 4.关系代词whom The student whom the teacher praised is from China. She invited her friend, whom she hadn’t seen in years. 宾语 仅指人 仅做宾语 可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句 宾语 关系代词引导的定语从句 5.关系代词whose The student whose essay won the prize is very talented. My brother, whose car was stolen, is very upset. 定语 可指人或物 表示“……的”，后接名词 可用于限制性和非限制性定语从句 不能单独作主语、宾语或表语，必须后接名词 定语 关系代词引导的定语从句 6.关系代词as He likes such books as are interesting. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 主语 宾语 主语 As is known to all, the earth is round. He is very careful, as we can see. 宾语 as is known、as is reported、as is often the case、as we all know 限制性从句：仅用于 such/the same/as + 先行词后，作成分。 非限制性从句：指代主句内容，可放句首 / 中 / 尾，与 which 有语义和位置差异。 关系代词的用法区别 1.that和which的区别 只用that 的情况 先行词是all，everything，anything，nothing，something，little，much，none，few，the one等不定代词时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) 先行词被the only, the very (正是、恰是), the last等修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) 先行词被all, any, few, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰时。(如先行词指人，可用who代替that) 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词时 先行词中既有人也有物时 只用which 的情况 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词前有介词时 1.that和which的区别 关系代词的用法区别 The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. 电视塔是这个城市建的最高的建筑物。 Readers attracts so many audiences, which means that it becomes more and more popular in China. 《读者》吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。 2.which与as引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 关系代词的用法区别 which as 位置上 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末 搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see, hear, know, expect, remember等 意思上 这一点，这件事 正如……，正像……的那样 2.which与as引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 关系代词的用法区别 Football，which is an interesting game, is played all over the world. 全世界都踢足球，这是一项有趣的运动。 As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. 正如报纸上报道的那样，两国之间的谈判正在取得进展。 3.其他关系代词的用法区别 关系代词的用法区别 关系代词 先行词 在从句中所充当的成分 who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略) whose(＝of whom/of which) 人或物 定语 They are the lazy students whose homework wasn’t handed in. Actually, he is an honest and reliable person，whom/who you can rely on. 七、关系代词的基本用法总结 关系代词 先行词 在从句中所充当的成分 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 which 物 主语、宾语、表语 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人/物 定语 as 物 主语、宾语、表语 关系副词引导的定语从句 1.关系副词when I still remember the day when I first met you. There was a time when I hated going to school. 先行词：表示时间的名词（如 time, day, year, moment, period 等）。 在从句中作用：作时间状语，相当于 “介词 + which”（如 at which, in which, on which 等）。 I still remember the day on which I first met you. There was a time during which I hated going to school. 关系副词引导的定语从句 2.关系副词where This is the house where I grew up. We visited the village where his ancestors lived. 先行词：表示地点的名词（如 place, city, country, house, spot 等）。 在从句中作用：作地点状语，相当于 “介词 + which”（如 in which, at which, on which 等）。 先行词是抽象地点名词（如 case, situation, point, stage, position 等）时，也可用 where 引导，表 “在…… 情况下 / 阶段”。 This is the house in which I grew up. We visited the village in which his ancestors lived. 关系副词引导的定语从句 3.关系副词why Do you know the reason why he was late? The reason why she left is still a mystery. 先行词：只有一个 ——reason。 在从句中作用：作原因状语，相当于 “for which”。 Do you know the reason for which he was late? The reason for which she left is still a mystery. 八、关系副词的基本用法总结 先行词 关系副词 在从句中所充当的成分 表示时间的名词：time, day, year等。 when 时间状语 表示场所的名词：park, place, country, house等。 where 地点状语 表示理由的名词：the reason why 原因状语 (1)当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point, situation, case, stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。 (2)先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。 (3)当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，可用that, in which或省略关系词这三种形式。 八、关系副词的基本用法总结 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1.分类 类别 句法功能 示例 介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 状语 He is the person on whom you can depend. 介词＋whose＋名词 状语 He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag. 名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词(which/whom) 主语 Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore，three of which were English novels. “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 2.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定 (1)根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。 In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.(turn to sb for help) (2)根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。 I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.(during that time) (3)根据所表达的意思来确定。 The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen. Practice 1.We visited the village _______ his grandparents used to live. A. which B. where C. when D. that 2.The study suggests that the cultures _______ we grow up influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us. A. that B. where C. which D. with which 4.In ancient China, engineers made bridges _______ stone, _______ is a miracle in the history of architecture. A. of; which B. from; that C. into; as D. by; what 3.The settlers made marks on trees _______ they were here. A. when B. where C. which D. with which B A B A Practice 5.The musical score of the film is _______ was praised by the audience. A. that B. which C. as D. what 6.The classroom is a place _______ students learn knowledge, but it’s also a place _______ they form their values. A. where; where B. that; that C. which; where D. where; which 7.Do you know the girl _______ father is a famous scientist? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which C A C Practice 8.All _______ glitters is not gold.（谚语：闪光的未必都是金子） A. that B. which C. what D. who 9.The speed _______ light travels is about 300,000 km per second. A. in which B. at which C. on which D. by which 11._______ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A. It B. That C. What D. As 10.We bought a house in the country _______ we plan to retire. A. when B. where C. that D. which A B B D Practice 12.She and her family bicycle to work, _______ helps them keep fit. A. which B. who C. as D. that 13.The little girl _______ mother is a doctor often helps others. 15.He returned to the village _________ he grew up. 14.This is the best film _______ I have ever seen. A whose that where 16.As is known to all, the Great Wall is a place _____________ visitors from all over the world are eager to visit. 17.The reason _______ he was late for class was that he missed the early bus. which/that why Practice 18.Xi'an, _______ is one of the ancient capitals of China, has a long history. 19.My sister, _______ works in a hospital, will come to see me this weekend. 21.______ is reported in the newspaper, the fire has been put out. 20.We visited the Summer Palace, _______ many foreign tourists also go every year. which who where As $