语法写作 第1板块 语法项目(8) 定语从句（课件）-【创新方案】2026年高考英语一轮复习（人教版）

语法项目(8)　定语从句 考点1　关系代词引导的定语从句 [高考体验] 1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, _____ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford­-upon-­Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，空处指代先行词Tang Xianzu，故填关系代词who。 who 2．(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell­Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _______ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 解析：空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Wrangell­-Saint Elias，应用关系代词which。 which 3．(2024·浙江1月高考)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ____________ will make them the most money. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处所在句是定语从句，先行词为way，从句中缺少主语，所以应用关系代词that或which。 4．(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ____ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语，且先行词是前面的整个主句，此处表示“正如”，所以空处填as。 that/which as [系统归纳] 1．关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物或事 主语、宾语 that 人、物或事 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人、物或事 主语、宾语 ①The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。 ②My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.我大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他现在在纽约。 2．that和which的用法区别 (1)只用that的情况 ①先行词为 all、anything、everything、few、little、much 等不定代词或被all、any、few、little、no 等词修饰时； ②先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时； ③先行词既有人又有物时； ④先行词被 the only、the very修饰时； ⑤主句中有 wh­型特殊疑问词时，为避免重复不用 which。 [巧学助记]　口诀记忆只用that不用which的情况：代高数，人和物，only、very不重复。 (2)只用which的情况 ①引导非限制性定语从句时；②关系代词前有介词时。 The novel attracts so many audiences, which means that it becomes more and more popular in China. 这部小说吸引了那么多的读者，这意味着它在中国变得越来越受欢迎。 3．as和which的区别 As the old saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”正如老话说的那样：“有志者，事竟成。” as as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中或后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”，常作实义动词(如see, know, expect, say等)的宾语 which which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点；这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 考点2　关系副词引导的定语从句 [高考体验] 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)He picked me up at the bus station ________ he had dropped me off four days before. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 where 2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)I would never forget the days _______ you taught me practical writing methods with great patience. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。 3．(2023·北京高考改编)Rankings, however, are only one reason _____ a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示原因的名词，关系词在从句中作原因状语，故填why。 when why [系统归纳] 先行词 关系副词 在从句中 所作成分 与“介词＋关系 代词”的关系 表示时间的名词：time, day, year等 when 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/ during which 表示场所的名词：place, country等　 where 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/ on which 表示理由或原因的名词：reason　 why 作原因状语 ＝for which ①The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 完全靠体力谋生的时代已经一去不复返了。 ②Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain valuable experience. 学生们应该参与社区活动，在这些活动中他们可以获得宝贵的经验。 ③Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗？ [名师指津] (1)先行词为 point, stage, position, situation, case, activity, career, job等表示抽象地点的名词，且在从句中作地点状语时，关系词用where。 (2)先行词为 occasion, period, age等表示抽象时间的名词，且在从句中作时间状语时，关系词用when。 考点3　“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 [高考体验] 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)A few minutes later, a taxi came into my sight, in ________ was exactly Gunter，still with friendly bright smile on his face. 解析：此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为taxi，指物，关系代词用which。 which 2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)However, the person with _________ I desired to share my joy was my teacher. 解析：此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为person，指人，关系代词用whom。 3．(2023·浙江1月高考改编)There's never a stage _____ which the system knows what it's talking about. 解析：此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为a stage，常和介词at搭配。 whom at [系统归纳] 构成 句法功能 用法指津 介词(短语)＋关系代词 状语 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略 介词＋关系代词＋名词 状语 关系代词常用which 或whose 名词(代词)＋介词＋关系代词 主语 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构 数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词 主语 数词还可以用some, many, most, each等不定代词替换 ①Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which/whose price was very reasonable. 最近，我买了一个古董花瓶，它的价格很合理。 ②There are many foreign language books in the library, most of which are English books. 图书馆里有很多外语图书，其中大部分是英语图书。 ③He lived in a big house, in front of which was a small river. 他居住在一个大房子里，房子前面有一条小河。 ④He handed me a pen, with which I wrote down my name and my phone number on the paper. 他递给我一支笔，我用它在纸上写下了我的名字和电话号码。 [解题思维建模] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Ice sculptures ___________ attract many visitors are made by a young artist. 2．He is working with a group of highly educated and skilled young people，most of ________ hold doctorate degrees. 3．I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. which/that whom where 4．We'll put off the picnic until next week, ________ the weather may be better. 5．The news ___________is published without checking whether it is a fact or not can create unnecessary confusion and extreme feelings among the common masses. 6．Awkward chat is gaining its place among young people __________ have been living under a lot of pressure. 7．I used my phone to call a taxi to meet my Chinese friend, Zhang Ming, _______would guide me around Beijing. when that/which who/that who 8．It has set an example to other museums in our country, most of ________ seem to be still living in the days gone by. 9．The reason ______ I want to have my shoes repaired in this shop is that the man works very carefully. 10．We will use new media to bring the shows to more ordinary people, ________ will let them know about the modern development of Chinese arts. which why which Ⅱ.语篇填空(用恰当的关系词填空) There was a time 1. ______ I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English.And this was the reason 2. _____ my father forced me to join in a 30­-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club, 3._______ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately, my guide, 4.________ teacher was a famous professor, communicated with me face to face, from 5.________ I gained some useful instructions.He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there. when why where whose whom Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6. ___________we did.My father and the guide 7. __________encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated.Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8.________ I put my spare time.Every day I will read my words and passages aloud.Before I go to sleep, I will recall my passages, through 9._______ I can memorize a large number of new words.10._____ our English teacher says, “As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, we will conquer English sooner or later.” that/which who/that which which As Ⅲ.单句写作 1．First, we should use websites ____________________________. 首先，我们应该使用熟悉的网站。 2．Volunteers __________________ breathe life into the Hope Project. 充满爱心的志愿者们给希望工程注入了活力。 3．The prize will go to the writer ______________________________. 奖品将授予故事最富想象力的作家。 which/that are familiar to us who are full of love whose story shows the most imagination 4．The house ____________________ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. 我住过的那栋房子已经被拆了，取而代之的是一栋办公楼。 5.I'm crazy about basketball, and pretty good at it too, _________ _________________________when we lost our last match. 我痴迷于篮球，并且打得相当好，这或许就是我们上次比赛失利时我如此生气的原因。 where/in which I lived which is probably why I was so mad $$