内容正文:
高考核心语法·精练
第14讲 名词2026年高考英语语法专项突破(全国通用)
(语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练)
内容提要
思维导图
表格呈现
对点练习
单题突破
综合提升
一、名词分类及句法功能表
此表格梳理名词的核心分类(专有名词、普通名词)及六大句法功能,明确不同类型名词的范围和语法作用,是理解名词基本属性与应用场景的基础框架,适配日常语法应用及题型考查需求。
类别
分类
范围 / 功能说明
示例
名词分类
专有名词
表特定人、地、事物、国家、机构,首字母需大写
人名(Jim、Smith)、地名(Paris、Tokyo)、事物(UFO、NBA)、国家(China、Japan)、机构(WTO、UN)
普通名词 - 可数名词
个体名词:表单个具体事物;集体名词:表多个个体组成的群体
个体名词(taxi、driver)、集体名词(team、class)
普通名词 - 不可数名词
物质名词:表无法分割的物质或材料;抽象名词:表状态、情感、品质等抽象概念
物质名词(oxygen、butter)、抽象名词(pride、sadness)
句法功能
主语
句子中动作的发出者或被描述的对象,决定谓语单复数
Honesty is the best policy.(honesty 作主语);The old bookstore sells rare novels.(The old bookstore 作主语)
宾语
动作的承受者,可作动词宾语或介词宾语
They decided to visit the historic castle.(castle 作动词宾语);We walked along the quiet streets.(streets 作介词宾语)
表语
补充说明主语的身份、属性或状态,常与系动词搭配
She is a dedicated teacher.(teacher 作表语);That old house looks a mysterious castle.(a mysterious castle 作表语)
同位语
对前面的名词进行补充说明,进一步解释其具体信息
We visited Paris, the capital of France.(the capital of France 作 Paris 的同位语);My colleague Mark, a skilled programmer, developed the software.(a skilled programmer 作 Mark 的同位语)
补足语
补充说明宾语或主语的状态、身份(分宾补和主补)
She considers reading her greatest joy.(joy 作宾补);Tom was made their captain.(captain 作主补)
定语 / 状语
定语:修饰名词,表性别、材料、功能等;状语:表时间、条件等,多为固定搭配
定语(a stone bridge、a meeting room、students’ books);状语(We work day and night.、I walk my dog rain or shine.)
注意事项:
1. 集体名词的语义判断:如 “family”“team”,强调整体时视为单数(The family is small),强调成员时视为复数(The family are music lovers),需结合语境区分;
2. 不可数名词的使用限制:无复数形式,不可直接用 “a/an” 修饰(错误:a water;正确:a glass of water),也不可直接受数词修饰;
3. 名词作定语的特殊情况:“man”“woman” 作定语时,需随被修饰名词的单复数变化(如 three women scientists、five men doctors),其他名词作定语通常用单数(如 a shoe store、a ticket office)。
【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. My motherland________ (Chinese) is a great country with a long history and rich culture.
2. My brother bought two new ________ (taxi) last month to expand his business.
3. The ________ (team) are having a heated discussion about the upcoming match.
4. ________ (Honest) is the best policy, which is a valuable virtue for everyone.
5. We visited Paris, the capital of ________ (French), during our summer vacation last year.
二、可数名词复数变化规则表
此表格梳理可数名词复数的规则变化、不规则变化及特殊情况,明确不同结尾名词的复数转换逻辑,是解决 “名词单复数转换” 的关键依据,适配语法填空 “名词形式填写” 题型。
类型
分类
具体规则
示例
规则变化
一般情况
词尾直接加 - s
mouth→mouths、house→houses、car→cars
以 - s、-x、-ch、-sh 结尾
词尾加 - es
glass→glasses、box→boxes、church→churches、brush→brushes
以 “辅音字母 +-y” 结尾
变 y 为 i,再加 - es
country→countries、factory→factories、family→families
以 “元音字母 +-y” 结尾
词尾直接加 - s
holiday→holidays、monkey→monkeys、boy→boys
以 “辅音字母 +-o” 结尾
词尾加 - es(特殊记忆口诀:黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿)
hero→heroes、potato→potatoes、tomato→tomatoes
以 “元音字母 +-o” 或特殊 - o 结尾
词尾直接加 - s
zoo→zoos、zero→zeros、photo→photos、kilo→kilos、piano→pianos
以 - f、-fe 结尾
部分变 f/fe 为 - ves(记忆口诀:小偷妻子切面包,半片树叶当作刀,狼保己命架后藏)
wife→wives、wolf→wolves、leaf→leaves、knife→knives、life→lives
以 - f、-fe 结尾
部分直接加 - s(记忆口诀:海湾边、屋顶上,首领厨师两相望,谁说他们无信仰,证据写在手帕头巾上)
gulf→gulfs、roof→roofs、chief→chiefs、chef→chefs、belief→beliefs、safe→safes
不规则变化
单复数同形
名词形式不变,需结合语境判断单复数
deer→deer、sheep→sheep、Chinese→Chinese、means→means、series→series、species→species
变局部元音
改变单词内部元音字母,而非词尾变化
man→men、woman→women、tooth→teeth、foot→feet、goose→geese、mouse→mice
词尾变形
词尾发生特殊变化,需单独记忆
child→children、ox→oxen、datum→data、medium→media、phenomenon→phenomena、crisis→crises
特殊情况
合成名词
有主体名词:主体名词变复数
passer-by→passers-by、looker-on→lookers-on、editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief
合成名词
无主体名词:词尾直接加 - s
grown-up→grown-ups、go-between→go-betweens
以 - ings 结尾的名词
固定用复数形式,表特定含义
belongings(所属物)、savings(存款)、findings(研究发现)、earnings(收入)
特殊群体名词
部分以 - man 结尾的名词,直接加 - s(非变 a 为 e)
German→Germans、Roman→Romans、human→humans
注意事项:
1. 不规则变化需强化记忆:如 “child→children”“mouse→mice” 等无规律变化,需结合口诀或高频例句巩固;
2. 合成名词复数的主体判断:需先确定是否有核心主体名词(如 “passer-by” 的主体是 “passer”),无主体则统一在词尾加 - s;
3. 以 - f、-fe 结尾名词的区分:需牢记两类不同变化的记忆口诀,避免混淆(如 “roof” 直接加 - s,“leaf” 变 - ves)。
【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. There are three ________ (box) of old books waiting to be donated to the rural primary school.
2. The little girl has two ________ (knife) for cutting paper in her pencil case.
3. Many ________ (passer-by) stopped to watch the street artist perform wonderful tricks.
4. The farmer keeps a lot of ________ (sheep) on his farm to produce wool and meat.
5. Two ________ (child) are playing happily with a lovely dog in the community garden.
三、不可数名词及抽象名词具体化表
此表格梳理常考不可数名词类别及抽象名词具体化规则,明确不可数名词的修饰方式和特殊场景下的可数用法,解决 “不可数名词误用复数”“抽象名词灵活应用” 的难点。
类别
分类
规则说明
示例
常考不可数名词
抽象类名词
表状态、情感、品质等,无复数形式,需用 “数词 + 量词 + of” 修饰
advice(建议):a piece of advice;knowledge(知识):knowledge of history;progress(进步):make progress;success(成功):achieve success
物质类名词
表无法分割的物质或材料,无复数形式,常用 “容器 / 单位 + of” 修饰
water(水):a glass of water;milk(牛奶):a bottle of milk;butter(黄油):a spoon of butter;wood(木头):a piece of wood
自然现象名词
表自然现象,无复数形式,直接受形容词修饰
weather(天气):good weather;snow(雪):heavy snow;rain(雨):light rain;wind(风):strong wind
总称类名词
表一类事物的总称,无复数形式,常用 “a set of/a piece of” 修饰
clothing(服装):a piece of clothing;furniture(家具):a set of furniture;equipment(设备):advanced equipment;luggage(行李):heavy luggage
抽象名词具体化
抽象名词表 “具体的人 / 事”
抽象名词在特定语境中表 “具有该属性的人或具体事件”,可加 a/an,有复数形式
success(成功→成功的人 / 事):a great success;pleasure(乐趣→乐事):a pleasant pleasure;failure(失败→失败的人 / 事):a total failure;surprise(惊奇→令人惊奇的事):a big surprise
物质名词表 “具体的一份 / 一种”
物质名词表 “特定份额或种类” 时,变为可数名词,可加 a/an 和复数
tea(茶→一杯茶 / 一种茶):a cup of tea、three teas(三杯茶);juice(果汁→一种果汁):different juices(不同种类的果汁)
注意事项:
1. 不可数名词的复数禁忌:不可直接加 - s 变复数(错误:informations、knowledges;正确:information、knowledge),也不可直接用不定冠词 “a/an” 修饰;
2. 抽象名词具体化的语境限制:需结合上下文判断是否表 “具体人 / 事”,如 “success” 表 “成功” 时不可数(Success needs hard work),表 “成功的事” 时可数(The project is a success);
3. 总称类名词的修饰搭配:如 “furniture” 不可说 “a furniture”,需说 “a piece of furniture” 或 “a set of furniture”,需牢记固定量词搭配。
【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. Could you please give me some ________ (advice) on how to improve my spoken English?
2. It is ________ great success for our team to win the championship in the national competition.
3. I would like a ________ (glass) of milk and two pieces of bread for my breakfast.
4. The ________ (weather) in this coastal city is always mild and pleasant all year round.
5. This new type of ________ (equipment) is very useful for doctors to diagnose diseases accurately.
四、名词所有格用法表
此表格梳理名词所有格的三类形式(’s/’所有格、of 所有格、双重所有格),明确不同所有格的适用场景和转换规则,解决 “名词所属关系表达” 的问题,适配语法填空 “名词所有格形式填写” 题型。
类型
适用场景
规则说明
示例
’s/’所有格
有生命的名词(人 / 动物)
单数名词 / 不以 - s 结尾的复数名词:词尾加’s;以 - s 结尾的复数名词:词尾加’
单数:my sister’s telephone(姐姐的电话)、Jones’ room(琼斯的房间);复数:Nurses’ Day(护士节)、Teachers’ Day(教师节)、Women’s Day(妇女节)
两者所属关系
各自所有:两个名词后均加’s;共同所有:仅最后一个名词后加’s
各自所有:Tom’s and Lucy’s rooms(汤姆和露西各自的房间);共同所有:my father and mother’s bedroom(父母共有的卧室)
表店铺、办公室或某人家
所有格后省略被修饰的名词(如 shop、office、house 等)
表店铺:at the baker’s(在面包店)、at the dentist’s(在牙医诊所);表某人家:stay at Mary’s(住在玛丽家)
of 所有格
无生命的名词
用 “of + 名词” 表所属关系,强调 “前者属于后者”
The pages of the book(书的书页)、the window of the house(房子的窗户)
带定语的有生命名词短语
名词后有定语(如介词短语、形容词短语)时,用 of 所有格更简洁
The opinion of the girl with glasses(戴眼镜女孩的观点)、the story of the boy who saved the cat(救猫男孩的故事)
双重所有格
表 “部分所属” 或 “强调所属”
结构:“名词 + of + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词”,强调 “某人 / 某物中的一个 / 一部分”
a friend of my father's(我父亲的一位朋友)、that idea of yours(你的那个想法)、a photo of Tom’s(汤姆的一张照片)
注意事项:
1. ’s 所有格的单复数区分:不以 - s 结尾的复数名词(如 children、women)仍加’s(children’s toys、women’s clothes),不可加’;
2. of 所有格的顺序:表达 “A 属于 B” 时,结构为 “A of B”(错误:the book’s pages;正确:the pages of the book),不可颠倒;
3. 双重所有格的限定词:不可与 “the、this、that” 等限定词直接修饰名词所有格(错误:the my father’s friend;正确:a friend of my father’s 或 my father’s friend)。
【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. Today is ________ (Women) Day, and all the female teachers in our school received beautiful gifts.
2. This is ________ (Tom and Lucy) bedroom, which is decorated with many lovely toys.
3. My mother bought a bottle of juice at ________ (the baker) on her way home this afternoon.
4. The door ________ (of the classroom) is made of glass, which is easy to clean.
5. I met a friend ________ (of my father’s) at the airport yesterday, who is a famous doctor.
五、名词转化规则表
此表格梳理动词转化为名词、形容词转化为名词的常见后缀及规则,明确不同词性转化的固定形式,是解决 “语法填空词性转换” 题型的核心依据。
类型
后缀类别
规则说明
示例
动词→名词
-ment 后缀
动词词尾加 - ment,部分动词需调整拼写
achieve→achievement(成就)、develop→development(发展)、govern→government(政府)、argue→argument(争吵,特殊:去 e 加 - ment)
-ion 后缀
动词词尾加 - ion/-tion/-sion,部分动词需调整拼写
attract→attraction(吸引)、invent→invention(发明)、decide→decision(决定)、pronounce→pronunciation(发音,特殊:去 e 加 - ation)
-ance/-ence 后缀
动词词尾加 - ance(多以 a/e 结尾动词)或 - ence(多以 i 结尾动词)
appear→appearance(外貌)、accept→acceptance(接受)、exist→existence(存在)、depend→dependence(依赖)
-er/-or 后缀
动词词尾加 - er(表 “做某事的人”)或 - or(表 “特定职业的人”)
visit→visitor(参观者)、teach→teacher(教师)、operate→operator(操作员)、conduct→conductor(售票员)
-al 后缀
动词词尾加 - al,部分动词需去 e
arrive→arrival(到达)、survive→survival(幸存)、approve→approval(批准)、refuse→refusal(拒绝)
其他后缀
加 - th/-ure/-ing 等特殊后缀,需单独记忆
grow→growth(生长)、die→death(死亡)、press→pressure(压力)、begin→beginning(开始)、believe→belief(信仰)
形容词→名词
-ness 后缀
形容词词尾加 - ness,直接转化为名词
kind→kindness(善良)、happy→happiness(快乐)、weak→weakness(虚弱)、lonely→loneliness(孤独)
-ty/-cy 后缀
形容词词尾加 - ty(多以 e 结尾形容词)或 - cy(多以 t 结尾形容词)
honest→honesty(诚实)、cruel→cruelty(残忍)、fluent→fluency(流利)、accurate→accuracy(准确)
-ce/-dom 后缀
形容词词尾加 - ce(多以 t 结尾形容词)或 - dom(表 “状态 / 领域”)
important→importance(重要性)、distant→distance(距离)、free→freedom(自由)、wise→wisdom(智慧)
-th 后缀
部分形容词词尾加 - th,多为表度量的形容词
deep→depth(深度)、long→length(长度)、wide→width(宽度)、strong→strength(力量)
注意事项:
1. 转化后缀的拼写变化:部分动词 / 形容词转化时需调整拼写(如 argue→argument 去 e、pronounce→pronunciation 去 e 加 - ation),需重点记忆;
2. 同根词的含义区分:部分转化后的名词需结合语境理解(如 develop→development 表 “发展”,而 developing 表 “发展中的”,词性不同);
3. 固定转化形式:部分词无规律(如 believe→belief、behave→behavior),需单独记忆,不可套用通用后缀规则。
【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The ________ (develop) of science and technology has greatly changed people’s daily life.
2. Her ________ (kind) and patience made her very popular among the students in the class.
3. The ________ (arrive) of the flight was delayed due to the heavy fog at the airport.
4. The ________ (accurate) of the data collected from the experiment is very important for the research.
5. The ________ (invent) of the computer has had a profound impact on the whole world.
一、语法填空:用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2025·河北衡水·三模)What is your (prefer) for the weekend, playing basketball or going swimming?
2.(2025·河北衡水·三模)After persuasion, she finally let go of her (resist) and accepted the team’s constructive suggestions to revise the plan.
3.(2025·河北衡水·三模)Modern education often combines learning with (entertain) to make lessons more engaging.
4.(2025·河北衡水·三模)These health (advocate) encourage people to exercise regularly and eat a balanced diet.
5.(2025·广东·二模)Our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and (satisfy).
6.(2025·广东·二模)We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant (remove), winter planting, and seed collection.
7.(2025·广东·二模)Whatever the outcome, it would greatly enhance the (likely) that he would never again win a presidential election.
8.(2025·河北衡水·二模)Natural (phenomenon) such as earthquakes and volcanoes have fascinated scientists for centuries.
9.(2025·江苏盐城·二模)Please check the (attach) of this email, which contain all the necessary documents for the project.
10.(2025·江苏盐城·模拟预测)It takes up to five years for a tea bush to come to (mature).
11.(2024·河北·一模)Their opponents were in (possess) of the ball for most of the match.
12.(2024·河北·一模)The conventional (wise) is that boys mature more slowly than girls.
13.(2022·全国·模拟预测)Drinking green tea is an especially effective way of getting rid of the bacteria on your (tooth) and keeping them healthy.
14.(2022·全国·模拟预测)Nushu has significance in various (field) and represents Chinese people’s strong spirit.
15.(2022·全国·模拟预测)A commonly used greeting in China is the question, “Have you eaten?” It indicates the (important) of food in China.
Passage 1
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right before the 1 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 2 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 3 ?
Not the pandas, even though 4 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 6 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 7 they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning? 8 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 10 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
Passage 2
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·高考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 1 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 2 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 3 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 4 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 5 (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 7 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8 (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 9 (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 10 must to visit!
Passage 3
(2025·湖南郴州·一模)阅读短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In Tijuca National Park in Rio de Janeiro, there stands a “Chinese Pavilion”. It was constructed 1 (honour) 19th-century Chinese immigrants who boosted Brazil’s tea industry. Between 1812 and 1888, over 1,000 farmers migrated under agreements. They introduced advanced tea-processing 2 (technique) , which laid the foundation for Brazil’s short-lived but 3 (influence) tea trade.
The pavilion combines Chinese architecture—styled eaves, six-sided frames, and 4 (point) roofs—with Brazilian materials. Nestled in the world’s 5 (large) urban rainforest, it overlooks Rio’s landmarks including Corcovado Mountain and Christ the Redeemer.
In 1812, the first Chinese immigrants to Brazil planted tea trees in 6 is now the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, a witness to the China-Brazil friendship. More than 200 years later, these tea trees have become a deep-rooted part of Brazil’s cultural heritage. In 2003, on the 100th anniversary, commemorative plaques(牌匾)were added, 7 (detail) its history in Portuguese, English, and Chinese.
Today, visitors to Rio’s Tijuca National Park may encounter the elegant pavilion. This landmark serves as 8 reminder of Brazil’s respect for the pioneers. 9 the vast distance between China and Brazil, the bridge built through tea has brought the two nations closer than ever. The pavilion 10 (list) on UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2024, attracting visitors interested in eco-cultural tourism.
Passage 4
(2025·广东广州·一模)阅读短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mount Tai, a towering peak in Shandong province, China, is famous for its steep terrain with over 7,000 steps. Climbing this mountain is challenging. especially for the elderly and those with mobility issues.
Fortunately, AI-powered exoskeletons (外骨骼机器人) are making the journey simpler. These robotic legs, 1 (weigh) only 1.8 kilograms, are designed to wrap around users’ waists and legs, offering assistance 2 (ease) the burden on legs. Users reported feeling like someone was pulling them uphill, making the climb much easier. However, some mentioned 3 (convenience) in using the device for activities like tying shoelaces or using the bathroom. 4 these issues, the exoskeletons are seen as a “true blessing” for senior citizens and the mobility-impaired visitors. This innovation not only aids mountain climbing 5 highlights potential applications in elderly care, 6 growing market in China, in 7 the population of seniors is rapidly increasing.
The smart elderly care market 8 (estimate) at 6.8 trillion yuan last year. Kenqing Technology, the co-developer, is eyeing this vast market now and has launched an exoskeleton 9 (specific) designed for elderly users.
To fully unlock the potential of elderly care robots, industry insiders told Xinhua News Agency that stronger policy support is needed to promote the large-scale application while keeping prices 10 (afford) for all.
Passage 5
(2025·四川绵阳·一模)阅读短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The costumes of the Yi people in Chuxiong have a long history and they 1 (call) the “ethnic history worn on the body”. In 2014, the Yi costumes of Chuxiong were included in the national intangible cultural heritage list, 2 (become) one of the symbols of Yi culture.
The Yi people weave their understanding of the world, their love 3 life and their memories of history into the clothes they wear. Every piece of Yi costume reveals 4 they know about the natural world. The Yi costumes of Chuxiong are known for their profound cultural depth and beautiful patterns, which 5 (vivid) reflect the lifestyle and customs of the locals. From ceremonial dress to everyday clothing, Yi costumes tell various 6 (story) and represent the community’s values as well as traditions.
The beauty of Yi costumes lies not only in their craftsmanship but also in the cultural, spiritual 7 emotional significance. Over the past centuries, they 8 (carry) the stories and traditions of the Yi people. Every year during major Yi festivals, these costumes, 9 (decorate) with shiny silver ornaments (装饰品), always attract countless visitors eager to learn about Yi culture. Their deep emotion and long-standing traditions serve as 10 bridge connecting the Yi people’s past and present.
Passage 6
(2025·四川·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I arrived in China from Australia as a student with a love for travel, culture, and adventure and China did not disappoint me. My adventure, as part of my one-year Chinese language learning program, 1 (begin) in the winter of 2014 at the country’s renowned Peking University.
In the bustling city of Beijing, each day brought me something new. Soon, I 2 (attract) by the dedicated and hardworking students there. Beyond all the 3 (excite), I was gaining something incredibly important: a new perspective. Being immersed in another culture, 4 is completely different from my own, I soon realized that there’s not just one way to live, think, and communicate.
Over the 12 years in Beijing, I witnessed firsthand the rise of phenomena like 5 (share) bikes, ride-hailing apps, and coffee culture. I saw a coffee shop open up in the nearest town, a day care center established for the villagers, 6 giant windmills built in field after field. China really knows how 7 (get) things done in a short time.
Behind all these 8 (change) are the Chinese people—the most important reason why China became such a home for me. I felt deeply inspired by their spirit and pride in 9 they do.
China has changed 10 (rapid) itself; all the while it has also shaped my view of the world.
14 / 14
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$高考核心语法·精练
第14讲 名词2026年高考英语语法专项突破(全国通用)
(语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练)
内容提要
思维导图
表格呈现
对点练习
单题突破
综合提升
一、名词分类及句法功能表
此表格梳理名词的核心分类(专有名词、普通名词)及六大句法功能,明确不同类型名词的范围和语法作用,是理解名词基本属性与应用场景的基础框架,适配日常语法应用及题型考查需求。
类别
分类
范围 / 功能说明
示例
名词分类
专有名词
表特定人、地、事物、国家、机构,首字母需大写
人名(Jim、Smith)、地名(Paris、Tokyo)、事物(UFO、NBA)、国家(China、Japan)、机构(WTO、UN)
普通名词 - 可数名词
个体名词:表单个具体事物;集体名词:表多个个体组成的群体
个体名词(taxi、driver)、集体名词(team、class)
普通名词 - 不可数名词
物质名词:表无法分割的物质或材料;抽象名词:表状态、情感、品质等抽象概念
物质名词(oxygen、butter)、抽象名词(pride、sadness)
句法功能
主语
句子中动作的发出者或被描述的对象,决定谓语单复数
Honesty is the best policy.(honesty 作主语);The old bookstore sells rare novels.(The old bookstore 作主语)
宾语
动作的承受者,可作动词宾语或介词宾语
They decided to visit the historic castle.(castle 作动词宾语);We walked along the quiet streets.(streets 作介词宾语)
表语
补充说明主语的身份、属性或状态,常与系动词搭配
She is a dedicated teacher.(teacher 作表语);That old house looks a mysterious castle.(a mysterious castle 作表语)
同位语
对前面的名词进行补充说明,进一步解释其具体信息
We visited Paris, the capital of France.(the capital of France 作 Paris 的同位语);My colleague Mark, a skilled programmer, developed the software.(a skilled programmer 作 Mark 的同位语)
补足语
补充说明宾语或主语的状态、身份(分宾补和主补)
She considers reading her greatest joy.(joy 作宾补);Tom was made their captain.(captain 作主补)
定语 / 状语
定语:修饰名词,表性别、材料、功能等;状语:表时间、条件等,多为固定搭配
定语(a stone bridge、a meeting room、students’ books);状语(We work day and night.、I walk my dog rain or shine.)
注意事项:
1. 集体名词的语义判断:如 “family”“team”,强调整体时视为单数(The family is small),强调成员时视为复数(The family are music lovers),需结合语境区分;
2. 不可数名词的使用限制:无复数形式,不可直接用 “a/an” 修饰(错误:a water;正确:a glass of water),也不可直接受数词修饰;
3. 名词作定语的特殊情况:“man”“woman” 作定语时,需随被修饰名词的单复数变化(如 three women scientists、five men doctors),其他名词作定语通常用单数(如 a shoe store、a ticket office)。
【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. My motherland________ (Chinese) is a great country with a long history and rich culture.
【答案】China
【解析】考查专有名词。句意:中国是一个有着悠久历史和丰富文化的伟大国家。根据表格规则,“China” 为专有名词,首字母需大写,表国家,故填 China。
2. My brother bought two new ________ (taxi) last month to expand his business.
【答案】taxis
【解析】考查可数名词(个体名词)复数。句意:我哥哥上个月买了两辆新出租车来扩大他的生意。“taxi” 为个体名词,可数,复数形式为 “taxis”,故填 taxis。
3. The ________ (team) are having a heated discussion about the upcoming match.
【答案】team
【解析】考查可数名词(集体名词)主谓一致。句意:队员们正在就即将到来的比赛进行热烈讨论。根据表格规则,集体名词 “team” 强调成员时,谓语用复数,此处主语仍为 “team”,故填 team。
4. ________ (Honest) is the best policy, which is a valuable virtue for everyone.
【答案】Honesty
【解析】考查不可数名词(抽象名词)作主语。句意:诚实是最好的策略,这对每个人来说都是宝贵的美德。“honest” 为形容词,其对应的抽象名词 “honesty” 作主语,故填 Honesty。
5. We visited Paris, the capital of ________ (French), during our summer vacation last year.
【答案】French
【解析】考查国家名称的正确表达。句意:去年暑假期间,我们参观了法国的首都巴黎。“the capital of + 国家名” 表示 “某国的首都”,French 表示 “法国的、法国人、法语”,对应的国家名称为 France,故填 France。
二、可数名词复数变化规则表
此表格梳理可数名词复数的规则变化、不规则变化及特殊情况,明确不同结尾名词的复数转换逻辑,是解决 “名词单复数转换” 的关键依据,适配语法填空 “名词形式填写” 题型。
类型
分类
具体规则
示例
规则变化
一般情况
词尾直接加 - s
mouth→mouths、house→houses、car→cars
以 - s、-x、-ch、-sh 结尾
词尾加 - es
glass→glasses、box→boxes、church→churches、brush→brushes
以 “辅音字母 +-y” 结尾
变 y 为 i,再加 - es
country→countries、factory→factories、family→families
以 “元音字母 +-y” 结尾
词尾直接加 - s
holiday→holidays、monkey→monkeys、boy→boys
以 “辅音字母 +-o” 结尾
词尾加 - es(特殊记忆口诀:黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿)
hero→heroes、potato→potatoes、tomato→tomatoes
以 “元音字母 +-o” 或特殊 - o 结尾
词尾直接加 - s
zoo→zoos、zero→zeros、photo→photos、kilo→kilos、piano→pianos
以 - f、-fe 结尾
部分变 f/fe 为 - ves(记忆口诀:小偷妻子切面包,半片树叶当作刀,狼保己命架后藏)
wife→wives、wolf→wolves、leaf→leaves、knife→knives、life→lives
以 - f、-fe 结尾
部分直接加 - s(记忆口诀:海湾边、屋顶上,首领厨师两相望,谁说他们无信仰,证据写在手帕头巾上)
gulf→gulfs、roof→roofs、chief→chiefs、chef→chefs、belief→beliefs、safe→safes
不规则变化
单复数同形
名词形式不变,需结合语境判断单复数
deer→deer、sheep→sheep、Chinese→Chinese、means→means、series→series、species→species
变局部元音
改变单词内部元音字母,而非词尾变化
man→men、woman→women、tooth→teeth、foot→feet、goose→geese、mouse→mice
词尾变形
词尾发生特殊变化,需单独记忆
child→children、ox→oxen、datum→data、medium→media、phenomenon→phenomena、crisis→crises
特殊情况
合成名词
有主体名词:主体名词变复数
passer-by→passers-by、looker-on→lookers-on、editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief
合成名词
无主体名词:词尾直接加 - s
grown-up→grown-ups、go-between→go-betweens
以 - ings 结尾的名词
固定用复数形式,表特定含义
belongings(所属物)、savings(存款)、findings(研究发现)、earnings(收入)
特殊群体名词
部分以 - man 结尾的名词,直接加 - s(非变 a 为 e)
German→Germans、Roman→Romans、human→humans
注意事项:
1. 不规则变化需强化记忆:如 “child→children”“mouse→mice” 等无规律变化,需结合口诀或高频例句巩固;
2. 合成名词复数的主体判断:需先确定是否有核心主体名词(如 “passer-by” 的主体是 “passer”),无主体则统一在词尾加 - s;
3. 以 - f、-fe 结尾名词的区分:需牢记两类不同变化的记忆口诀,避免混淆(如 “roof” 直接加 - s,“leaf” 变 - ves)。
【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. There are three ________ (box) of old books waiting to be donated to the rural primary school.
【答案】boxes
【解析】考查可数名词复数规则变化。句意:有三箱旧书等着捐赠给农村小学。“box” 以 “-x” 结尾,复数形式需加 “-es”,故填 boxes。
2. The little girl has two ________ (knife) for cutting paper in her pencil case.
【答案】knives
【解析】考查可数名词复数不规则变化。句意:这个小女孩的铅笔盒里有两把剪纸用的小刀。“knife” 以 “-fe” 结尾,复数形式需变 “fe” 为 “ves”,故填 knives。
3. Many ________ (passer-by) stopped to watch the street artist perform wonderful tricks.
【答案】passers-by
【解析】考查合成名词复数变化。句意:许多路人停下来观看街头艺术家表演精彩的把戏。“passer-by” 为有主体的合成名词,复数形式变主体 “passer” 为 “passers”,故填 passers-by。
4. The farmer keeps a lot of ________ (sheep) on his farm to produce wool and meat.
【答案】sheep
【解析】考查可数名词复数单复同形。句意:这位农民在他的农场里养了很多羊,用来生产羊毛和肉。“sheep” 为单复同形的名词,故填 sheep。
5. Two ________ (child) are playing happily with a lovely dog in the community garden.
【答案】children
【解析】考查可数名词复数不规则变化。句意:两个孩子正在社区花园里和一只可爱的狗开心地玩耍。“child” 的复数形式为特殊变化 “children”,故填 children。
三、不可数名词及抽象名词具体化表
此表格梳理常考不可数名词类别及抽象名词具体化规则,明确不可数名词的修饰方式和特殊场景下的可数用法,解决 “不可数名词误用复数”“抽象名词灵活应用” 的难点。
类别
分类
规则说明
示例
常考不可数名词
抽象类名词
表状态、情感、品质等,无复数形式,需用 “数词 + 量词 + of” 修饰
advice(建议):a piece of advice;knowledge(知识):knowledge of history;progress(进步):make progress;success(成功):achieve success
物质类名词
表无法分割的物质或材料,无复数形式,常用 “容器 / 单位 + of” 修饰
water(水):a glass of water;milk(牛奶):a bottle of milk;butter(黄油):a spoon of butter;wood(木头):a piece of wood
自然现象名词
表自然现象,无复数形式,直接受形容词修饰
weather(天气):good weather;snow(雪):heavy snow;rain(雨):light rain;wind(风):strong wind
总称类名词
表一类事物的总称,无复数形式,常用 “a set of/a piece of” 修饰
clothing(服装):a piece of clothing;furniture(家具):a set of furniture;equipment(设备):advanced equipment;luggage(行李):heavy luggage
抽象名词具体化
抽象名词表 “具体的人 / 事”
抽象名词在特定语境中表 “具有该属性的人或具体事件”,可加 a/an,有复数形式
success(成功→成功的人 / 事):a great success;pleasure(乐趣→乐事):a pleasant pleasure;failure(失败→失败的人 / 事):a total failure;surprise(惊奇→令人惊奇的事):a big surprise
物质名词表 “具体的一份 / 一种”
物质名词表 “特定份额或种类” 时,变为可数名词,可加 a/an 和复数
tea(茶→一杯茶 / 一种茶):a cup of tea、three teas(三杯茶);juice(果汁→一种果汁):different juices(不同种类的果汁)
注意事项:
1. 不可数名词的复数禁忌:不可直接加 - s 变复数(错误:informations、knowledges;正确:information、knowledge),也不可直接用不定冠词 “a/an” 修饰;
2. 抽象名词具体化的语境限制:需结合上下文判断是否表 “具体人 / 事”,如 “success” 表 “成功” 时不可数(Success needs hard work),表 “成功的事” 时可数(The project is a success);
3. 总称类名词的修饰搭配:如 “furniture” 不可说 “a furniture”,需说 “a piece of furniture” 或 “a set of furniture”,需牢记固定量词搭配。
【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. Could you please give me some ________ (advice) on how to improve my spoken English?
【答案】advice
【解析】考查不可数名词(抽象名词)。句意:你能给我一些关于如何提高英语口语的建议吗?“advice” 为不可数抽象名词,无复数形式,故填 advice。
2. It is ________ great success for our team to win the championship in the national competition.
【答案】a
【解析】考查抽象名词具体化。句意:我们队在全国比赛中赢得冠军是一件非常成功的事。“success” 表 “成功的事” 时为可数名词,需加不定冠词 “a”,故填 a。
3. I would like a ________ (glass) of milk and two pieces of bread for my breakfast.
【答案】glass
【解析】考查不可数名词(物质名词)修饰。句意:我早餐想要一杯牛奶和两片面包。“milk” 为不可数物质名词,需用 “数词 + 量词 + of” 修饰,“a glass of” 表示 “一杯”,故填 glass。
4. The ________ (weather) in this coastal city is always mild and pleasant all year round.
【答案】weather
【解析】考查不可数名词(自然现象名词)。句意:这座沿海城市的天气一年四季都温和宜人。“weather” 为不可数自然现象名词,无复数形式,故填 weather。
5. This new type of ________ (equipment) is very useful for doctors to diagnose diseases accurately.
【答案】equipment
【解析】考查不可数名词(总称类名词)。句意:这种新型设备对医生准确诊断疾病非常有用。“equipment” 为不可数总称类名词,无复数形式,故填 equipment。
四、名词所有格用法表
此表格梳理名词所有格的三类形式(’s/’所有格、of 所有格、双重所有格),明确不同所有格的适用场景和转换规则,解决 “名词所属关系表达” 的问题,适配语法填空 “名词所有格形式填写” 题型。
类型
适用场景
规则说明
示例
’s/’所有格
有生命的名词(人 / 动物)
单数名词 / 不以 - s 结尾的复数名词:词尾加’s;以 - s 结尾的复数名词:词尾加’
单数:my sister’s telephone(姐姐的电话)、Jones’ room(琼斯的房间);复数:Nurses’ Day(护士节)、Teachers’ Day(教师节)、Women’s Day(妇女节)
两者所属关系
各自所有:两个名词后均加’s;共同所有:仅最后一个名词后加’s
各自所有:Tom’s and Lucy’s rooms(汤姆和露西各自的房间);共同所有:my father and mother’s bedroom(父母共有的卧室)
表店铺、办公室或某人家
所有格后省略被修饰的名词(如 shop、office、house 等)
表店铺:at the baker’s(在面包店)、at the dentist’s(在牙医诊所);表某人家:stay at Mary’s(住在玛丽家)
of 所有格
无生命的名词
用 “of + 名词” 表所属关系,强调 “前者属于后者”
The pages of the book(书的书页)、the window of the house(房子的窗户)
带定语的有生命名词短语
名词后有定语(如介词短语、形容词短语)时,用 of 所有格更简洁
The opinion of the girl with glasses(戴眼镜女孩的观点)、the story of the boy who saved the cat(救猫男孩的故事)
双重所有格
表 “部分所属” 或 “强调所属”
结构:“名词 + of + 名词所有格 / 名词性物主代词”,强调 “某人 / 某物中的一个 / 一部分”
a friend of my father's(我父亲的一位朋友)、that idea of yours(你的那个想法)、a photo of Tom’s(汤姆的一张照片)
注意事项:
1. ’s 所有格的单复数区分:不以 - s 结尾的复数名词(如 children、women)仍加’s(children’s toys、women’s clothes),不可加’;
2. of 所有格的顺序:表达 “A 属于 B” 时,结构为 “A of B”(错误:the book’s pages;正确:the pages of the book),不可颠倒;
3. 双重所有格的限定词:不可与 “the、this、that” 等限定词直接修饰名词所有格(错误:the my father’s friend;正确:a friend of my father’s 或 my father’s friend)。
【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. Today is ________ (Women) Day, and all the female teachers in our school received beautiful gifts.
【答案】Women’s
【解析】考查名词所有格(复数名词)。句意:今天是妇女节,我们学校所有的女老师都收到了漂亮的礼物。“Women” 为复数名词,所有格形式为 “Women’s”,故填 Women’s。
2. This is ________ (Tom and Lucy) bedroom, which is decorated with many lovely toys.
【答案】Tom and Lucy’s
【解析】考查名词所有格(共同所有)。句意:这是汤姆和露西的卧室,里面装饰着许多可爱的玩具。“bedroom” 为两人共有,所有格加在最后一个名词后,故填 Tom and Lucy’s。
3. My mother bought a bottle of juice at ________ (the baker) on her way home this afternoon.
【答案】the baker’s
【解析】考查名词所有格(表店铺)。句意:我妈妈今天下午在回家的路上在面包店买了一瓶果汁。“the baker’s” 表示 “面包店”,省略被修饰的名词 “shop”,故填 the baker’s。
4. The door ________ (of the classroom) is made of glass, which is easy to clean.
【答案】of the classroom
【解析】考查 of 所有格(无生命名词)。句意:教室的门是玻璃做的,很容易清洁。“door” 为无生命名词,用 “of” 所有格表所属,故填 of the classroom。
5. I met a friend ________ (of my father’s) at the airport yesterday, who is a famous doctor.
【答案】of my father’s
【解析】考查双重所有格。句意:昨天我在机场遇到了我父亲的一位朋友,他是一位著名的医生。“a friend of my father’s” 为双重所有格,表 “我父亲的一位朋友”,故填 of my father’s。
五、名词转化规则表
此表格梳理动词转化为名词、形容词转化为名词的常见后缀及规则,明确不同词性转化的固定形式,是解决 “语法填空词性转换” 题型的核心依据。
类型
后缀类别
规则说明
示例
动词→名词
-ment 后缀
动词词尾加 - ment,部分动词需调整拼写
achieve→achievement(成就)、develop→development(发展)、govern→government(政府)、argue→argument(争吵,特殊:去 e 加 - ment)
-ion 后缀
动词词尾加 - ion/-tion/-sion,部分动词需调整拼写
attract→attraction(吸引)、invent→invention(发明)、decide→decision(决定)、pronounce→pronunciation(发音,特殊:去 e 加 - ation)
-ance/-ence 后缀
动词词尾加 - ance(多以 a/e 结尾动词)或 - ence(多以 i 结尾动词)
appear→appearance(外貌)、accept→acceptance(接受)、exist→existence(存在)、depend→dependence(依赖)
-er/-or 后缀
动词词尾加 - er(表 “做某事的人”)或 - or(表 “特定职业的人”)
visit→visitor(参观者)、teach→teacher(教师)、operate→operator(操作员)、conduct→conductor(售票员)
-al 后缀
动词词尾加 - al,部分动词需去 e
arrive→arrival(到达)、survive→survival(幸存)、approve→approval(批准)、refuse→refusal(拒绝)
其他后缀
加 - th/-ure/-ing 等特殊后缀,需单独记忆
grow→growth(生长)、die→death(死亡)、press→pressure(压力)、begin→beginning(开始)、believe→belief(信仰)
形容词→名词
-ness 后缀
形容词词尾加 - ness,直接转化为名词
kind→kindness(善良)、happy→happiness(快乐)、weak→weakness(虚弱)、lonely→loneliness(孤独)
-ty/-cy 后缀
形容词词尾加 - ty(多以 e 结尾形容词)或 - cy(多以 t 结尾形容词)
honest→honesty(诚实)、cruel→cruelty(残忍)、fluent→fluency(流利)、accurate→accuracy(准确)
-ce/-dom 后缀
形容词词尾加 - ce(多以 t 结尾形容词)或 - dom(表 “状态 / 领域”)
important→importance(重要性)、distant→distance(距离)、free→freedom(自由)、wise→wisdom(智慧)
-th 后缀
部分形容词词尾加 - th,多为表度量的形容词
deep→depth(深度)、long→length(长度)、wide→width(宽度)、strong→strength(力量)
注意事项:
1. 转化后缀的拼写变化:部分动词 / 形容词转化时需调整拼写(如 argue→argument 去 e、pronounce→pronunciation 去 e 加 - ation),需重点记忆;
2. 同根词的含义区分:部分转化后的名词需结合语境理解(如 develop→development 表 “发展”,而 developing 表 “发展中的”,词性不同);
3. 固定转化形式:部分词无规律(如 believe→belief、behave→behavior),需单独记忆,不可套用通用后缀规则。
【对点练习】在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The ________ (develop) of science and technology has greatly changed people’s daily life.
【答案】development
【解析】考查动词转化为名词。句意:科技的发展极大地改变了人们的日常生活。“develop” 为动词,其对应的名词形式为 “development”,故填 development。
2. Her ________ (kind) and patience made her very popular among the students in the class.
【答案】kindness
【解析】考查形容词转化为名词。句意:她的善良和耐心使她在班上的学生中非常受欢迎。“kind” 为形容词,其对应的名词形式为 “kindness”,故填 kindness。
3. The ________ (arrive) of the flight was delayed due to the heavy fog at the airport.
【答案】arrival
【解析】考查动词转化为名词。句意:由于机场大雾,航班到达延误了。“arrive” 为动词,其对应的名词形式为 “arrival”,故填 arrival。
4. The ________ (accurate) of the data collected from the experiment is very important for the research.
【答案】accuracy
【解析】考查形容词转化为名词。句意:从实验中收集的数据的准确性对研究非常重要。“accurate” 为形容词,其对应的名词形式为 “accuracy”,故填 accuracy。
5. The ________ (invent) of the computer has had a profound impact on the whole world.
【答案】invention
【解析】考查动词转化为名词。句意:计算机的发明对全世界产生了深远的影响。“invent” 为动词,其对应的名词形式为 “invention”,故填 invention。
一、语法填空:用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.(2025·河北衡水·三模)What is your (prefer) for the weekend, playing basketball or going swimming?
【答案】preference
【详解】考查名词。句意:你周末更喜欢做什么,打篮球还是游泳?your后接名词,prefer的名词为preference作表语。故填preference。
2.(2025·河北衡水·三模)After persuasion, she finally let go of her (resist) and accepted the team’s constructive suggestions to revise the plan.
【答案】resistance
【详解】考查名词。句意:经过劝说,她最终放下了抵触情绪,接受了团队提出的修改计划的建设性建议。空处作宾语,需填名词resistance,为不可数名词。故填resistance。
3.(2025·河北衡水·三模)Modern education often combines learning with (entertain) to make lessons more engaging.
【答案】entertainment
【详解】考查名词。句意:现代教育常常将学习与娱乐结合,让课程更具吸引力。with后接名词entertainment作宾语,表“娱乐”是不可数名词。故填entertainment。
4.(2025·河北衡水·三模)These health (advocate) encourage people to exercise regularly and eat a balanced diet.
【答案】advocates
【详解】考查名词。句意:这些健康倡导者鼓励人们定期锻炼并保持均衡饮食。advocate作名词时意为“倡导者、支持者”,根据 encourage可知,主语为复数形式 advocates。故填advocates。
5.(2025·广东·二模)Our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and (satisfy).
【答案】satisfaction
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们的大脑对这些奖赏形成了一种反应机制,反映出它们的价值——一种奖励感和满足感。所给词satisfy为动词,意为“使满足”,此处与reward并列,作介词of的宾语,应用其名词形式satisfaction,意为“满足”,符合句意。故填satisfaction。
6.(2025·广东·二模)We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant (remove), winter planting, and seed collection.
【答案】removal
【详解】考查名词。句意:我们将在探索美丽公园景点的同时,进行入侵植物的清除、冬季种植以及种子收集工作。用名词在句中作宾语。remove的名词形式为removal,表示“除去”之意。故填removal。
7.(2025·广东·二模)Whatever the outcome, it would greatly enhance the (likely) that he would never again win a presidential election.
【答案】likelihood
【详解】考查名词。句意:无论结果如何,这都将大大增加他再也无法赢得总统选举的可能性。所给词likely为形容词,意为“可能的”,此处位于定冠词the之后,作动词enhance的宾语,应用其名词形式likelihood,意为“可能性”,符合句意。故填likelihood。
8.(2025·河北衡水·二模)Natural (phenomenon) such as earthquakes and volcanoes have fascinated scientists for centuries.
【答案】phenomena
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:像地震和火山这样的自然现象已经吸引了科学家们几个世纪。名词phenomenon作主语,意为“现象”,后文“such as earthquakes and volcanoes”表明此处说的是不止一种自然现象,用复数形式phenomena。故填phenomena。
9.(2025·江苏盐城·二模)Please check the (attach) of this email, which contain all the necessary documents for the project.
【答案】attachments
【详解】考查名词。句意:请检查这封邮件的附件,其中包含了项目所需的所有必要文件。根据句意,此处需要填写动词“attach”的名词形式,表示“附件” 为attachment,泛指多个附件,用复数形式。故填attachments。
10.(2025·江苏盐城·模拟预测)It takes up to five years for a tea bush to come to (mature).
【答案】maturity
【详解】考查名词。句意:一棵茶树需要长达五年的时间才能成熟。根据句意和空格前的介词to可知,空格处应该用名词maturity作宾语。故填maturity。
11.(2024·河北·一模)Their opponents were in (possess) of the ball for most of the match.
【答案】possession
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们的对手在比赛的大部分时间里都控球。作介词的宾语,应用名词possession,构成in possession of“拥有,占有”。故填possession。
12.(2024·河北·一模)The conventional (wise) is that boys mature more slowly than girls.
【答案】wisdom
【详解】考查名词。句意:传统观念认为男孩比女孩成熟得慢。名词wisdom“普通看法”作主语,用单数。故填wisdom。
13.(2022·全国·模拟预测)Drinking green tea is an especially effective way of getting rid of the bacteria on your (tooth) and keeping them healthy.
【答案】teeth
【详解】考查名词的数。句意:喝绿茶是清除牙齿上细菌并保持牙齿健康的一种特别有效的方法。根据句中代词 them可知,用名词的复数形式。故填teeth。
14.(2022·全国·模拟预测)Nushu has significance in various (field) and represents Chinese people’s strong spirit.
【答案】fields
【详解】考查名词。句意:女书在各个领域都有重要意义,代表着中国人民的坚强精神。分析句子可知,“field”意为“领域”,为可数名词,“various”意为“各种各样的”,形容词词性,后接可数名词复数形式,故空格处应用“field”的复数形式“fields”。故填fields。
15.(2022·全国·模拟预测)A commonly used greeting in China is the question, “Have you eaten?” It indicates the (important) of food in China.
【答案】importance
【详解】考查名词。句意:在中国,一个常用的问候语是“你吃了吗?”它表明了食物在中国的重要性。根据句意及空后介词of可知,空处应填名词作宾语,importance重要性,是不可数名词。故填importance。
Passage 1
(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right before the 1 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 2 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 3 ?
Not the pandas, even though 4 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 6 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 7 they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning? 8 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 10 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【答案】
1. arrival 2. confident 3. with 4. the 5. visiting 6. interviews 7. why 8. Basically 9. and 10. wished
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语,大家都很疑惑,作者对此做出了解答。
1. 考查名词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词。故填arrival。
2. 考查形容词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空处和前文的comfortable并列,作并列表语,应用形容词形式,confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。
3. 考查介词。句意:他们和谁说英语?分析句子结构可知,这道题的语序可以看成they speak English who,句子中有主语they,speak后有宾语,而who缺少一个介词,who做介词的宾语,又根据句意可推知,此处强调“与某人交流”,应用固定搭配:speak with sb.。故填with。
4. 考查冠词。句意:不是熊猫,尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知,此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言,表特指,应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
5. 考查形容词。句意:他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈,这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知,空后是名词,所以空处应填形容词作定语;visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。
6. 考查名词的数。句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知,空前是动词,所以空处应填名词作宾语,interview意为“采访”为可数名词,不止一段采访,应用复数形式。故填interviews。
7. 考查表语从句。句意:这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从句中结构完整,应该用连接副词连接,前文提到需要培训师的原因,此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意,应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
8. 考查副词。句意:基本上,如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后整个句子,应该用副词修饰,basic的副词形式是basically位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Basically。
9. 考查连词。句意:我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展,看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知,“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系,应该用and连接。故填and。
10. 考查动词时态。句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以wish作本句谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系,根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
【点睛】
Passage 2
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·高考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 1 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 2 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 3 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 4 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 5 (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 7 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8 (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 9 (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 10 must to visit!
【答案】
1. What 2. humans 3. undoubtedly 4. hotter 5. astonished 6. was 7. and 8. aching 9. mine 10. a
【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海,温泉以及台阶。
1. 考查主语从句。句意:这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句,从句缺乏主语,应用what引导,指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
2. 考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
3. 考查副词。句意:它无疑会帮助你恢复精神!此处修饰动词help,应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
4. 考查形容词比较级。句意:关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是,气温越低,温泉越暖和!此处是固定结构“the +比较级,the+比较级”,意为“越……,越……”。故填hotter。
5. 考查形容词。句意:但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”,补充说明宾语us的感受,应用-ed结尾形容词astonished,表示人的感受“感到震惊的”。故填astonished。
6. 考查动词时态。句意:你不禁会想,对当时的人们来说,把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知,“how hard it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语,it是从句的形式主语,不定式为真正主语,谓语动词用单数形式,“安置台阶的石头”是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填was。
7. 考查连词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知,“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系,都是作it的谓语,应用并列连词and。故填and。
8. 考查形容词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知,此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”,修饰名词legs,意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
9. 考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知,本句的does替代前一句的stick,本句缺乏宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine,指代my memory。故填mine。
10. 考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时,意为“绝对必要的事物”,为可数名词,此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”,应用不定冠词,must是以辅音音素开头的词,应用a。故填a。
Passage 3
(2025·湖南郴州·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In Tijuca National Park in Rio de Janeiro, there stands a “Chinese Pavilion”. It was constructed 1 (honour) 19th-century Chinese immigrants who boosted Brazil’s tea industry. Between 1812 and 1888, over 1,000 farmers migrated under agreements. They introduced advanced tea-processing 2 (technique) , which laid the foundation for Brazil’s short-lived but 3 (influence) tea trade.
The pavilion combines Chinese architecture—styled eaves, six-sided frames, and 4 (point) roofs—with Brazilian materials. Nestled in the world’s 5 (large) urban rainforest, it overlooks Rio’s landmarks including Corcovado Mountain and Christ the Redeemer.
In 1812, the first Chinese immigrants to Brazil planted tea trees in 6 is now the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, a witness to the China-Brazil friendship. More than 200 years later, these tea trees have become a deep-rooted part of Brazil’s cultural heritage. In 2003, on the 100th anniversary, commemorative plaques(牌匾)were added, 7 (detail) its history in Portuguese, English, and Chinese.
Today, visitors to Rio’s Tijuca National Park may encounter the elegant pavilion. This landmark serves as 8 reminder of Brazil’s respect for the pioneers. 9 the vast distance between China and Brazil, the bridge built through tea has brought the two nations closer than ever. The pavilion 10 (list) on UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2024, attracting visitors interested in eco-cultural tourism.
【答案】
1. to honour 2. techniques 3. influential 4. pointed 5. largest 6. what 7. detailing 8. a 9. Despite 10. was listed
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了里约热内卢蒂茹卡国家公园内的“中国亭”,包括其建造目的、融合的建筑风格、背后所承载的中巴友谊历史,以及如今它在文化交流和旅游方面的意义。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意:它的建造是为了纪念19世纪推动巴西茶叶产业发展的中国移民。此处用动词不定式作目的状语,表示建造亭子的目的是“为了纪念”,故填to honour。
2. 考查名词复数。句意:他们引进了先进的茶叶加工技术,这为巴西短暂但有影响力的茶叶贸易奠定了基础。technique表示“技术,技巧”时是可数名词,结合语境,这里应指多种技术,所以用复数形式techniques。故填techniques。
3. 考查形容词。句意:他们引进了先进的茶叶加工技术,这为巴西短暂但有影响力的茶叶贸易奠定了基础。此处修饰名词tea trade,要用形容词形式,influence的形容词是influential,意为“有影响力的”。故填influential。
4. 考查形容词。句意:该亭子将中国式的屋檐、六边形框架和尖顶与巴西的材料相结合。此处修饰名词roofs,要用形容词形式,point的形容词是pointed,意为“尖的”,pointed roofs“尖顶”。故填pointed。
5. 考查形容词最高级。句意:坐落在世界上最大的城市雨林中,它俯瞰着里约的地标性建筑,包括科尔科瓦多山和救世主耶稣像。根据语境及空前的the可知,此处表示“世界上最大的城市雨林”,应用形容词最高级形式,large的最高级是largest。故填largest。
6. 考查宾语从句。句意:1812年,第一批来到巴西的中国移民在现在的里约热内卢植物园种植茶树,这里见证了中巴友谊。空格处引导宾语从句,作介词in的宾语,从句中缺少主语,表示“……的地方”,所以用what引导。故填what。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意:2003年,在百年纪念之际,又增加了纪念牌匾,用葡萄牙语、英语和中文详细介绍了它的历史。此处是非谓语动词作状语,commemorative plaques与detail之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词detailing作伴随状语。故填detailing。
8. 考查冠词。句意:这座地标性建筑提醒人们巴西对先驱者的尊重。reminder为可数名词单数,此处表示泛指“一个提醒”,且reminder是以辅音音素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
9. 考查介词。句意:尽管中国和巴西相距甚远,但通过茶叶搭建起的桥梁使两国比以往任何时候都更加亲近。根据语境,此处表示“尽管”,despite是介词,意为“尽管”,后接名词短语the vast distance between China and Brazil。首字母大写。故填Despite。
10. 考查动词时态和语态。句意:该亭子于2024年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录,吸引了对生态文化旅游感兴趣的游客。根据时间状语in 2024可知,事情发生在过去,主语The pavilion与list之间是被动关系,即“被列入”,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were +过去分词”,主语是单数,所以用was listed。故填was listed。
Passage 4
(2025·广东广州·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mount Tai, a towering peak in Shandong province, China, is famous for its steep terrain with over 7,000 steps. Climbing this mountain is challenging. especially for the elderly and those with mobility issues.
Fortunately, AI-powered exoskeletons (外骨骼机器人) are making the journey simpler. These robotic legs, 1 (weigh) only 1.8 kilograms, are designed to wrap around users’ waists and legs, offering assistance 2 (ease) the burden on legs. Users reported feeling like someone was pulling them uphill, making the climb much easier. However, some mentioned 3 (convenience) in using the device for activities like tying shoelaces or using the bathroom. 4 these issues, the exoskeletons are seen as a “true blessing” for senior citizens and the mobility-impaired visitors. This innovation not only aids mountain climbing 5 highlights potential applications in elderly care, 6 growing market in China, in 7 the population of seniors is rapidly increasing.
The smart elderly care market 8 (estimate) at 6.8 trillion yuan last year. Kenqing Technology, the co-developer, is eyeing this vast market now and has launched an exoskeleton 9 (specific) designed for elderly users.
To fully unlock the potential of elderly care robots, industry insiders told Xinhua News Agency that stronger policy support is needed to promote the large-scale application while keeping prices 10 (afford) for all.
【答案】
1. weighing 2. to ease 3. inconvenience 4. Despite 5. but 6. a 7. which 8. was estimated 9. specifically 10. affordable
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了AI外骨骼机器人如何帮助人们更轻松地攀登泰山,并探讨了其在老年护理领域的潜力。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意:这些机器人腿的重量只有1.8公斤,可以包裹在使用者的腰部和大腿上,为腿部的负担提供同步的帮助。robotic legs与weigh(v. 重量是……)之间是主动关系,需用现在分词作定语,表示主动关系。故填weighing。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意:这些机器人腿的重量只有1.8公斤,可以包裹在使用者的腰部和大腿上,为腿部的负担提供同步的帮助。此处表示目的,需用不定式to ease,“提供同步的帮助来减轻双腿的负担”。故填to ease。
3. 考查名词。句意:然而,一些人指出,在系鞋带或上厕所等活动中使用该设备不方便。noted“提出”后需接名词作宾语,convenient的名词形式是convenience。但上文说到好处,后面用however转折,表示“不便”inconvenience,为不可数名词,故填inconvenience。
4. 考查介词。句意:尽管存在这些问题,但这些外骨骼设备仍被视为对老年人和行动不便者而言的“真正的福音”。表示“尽管”用介词despite,首字母大写。故填Despite。
5. 考查连词。句意:这项创新不仅有助于登山,而且突出了在老年人护理方面的潜在应用,这是中国一个不断增长的市场,中国的老年人人口正在迅速增加。not only…but (also)…表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。
6. 考查冠词。句意:这项创新不仅有助于登山活动,而且在一定程度上也凸显了其在老年护理领域的应用潜力,老年护理在中国是一个不断发展的市场,中国老年人口数量正在迅速增长。此处market为泛指,且growing是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。
7. 考查定语从句。句意:这项创新不仅有助于登山活动,而且在一定程度上也凸显了其在老年护理领域的应用潜力,老年护理在中国是一个不断发展的市场,中国老年人口数量正在迅速增长。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系词指代先行词China在从句中作介词in的宾语,需用which引导定语从句。故填which。
8. 考查时态语态。句意:去年,智能养老市场规模估计达到了6.8万亿元。主语market与谓语构成被动关系,结合后文last year可知为一般过去时的被动语态,谓语用单数。故填was estimated。
9. 考查副词。句意:联合开发者Kenqing Technology正瞄准这个巨大的市场,并推出了一款专门为老年用户设计的外骨骼。修饰动词designed需用副词形式,specific的副词是specifically,表示“专门地”。故填specifically。
10. 考查形容词。句意:业内专家向新华社表示,要充分发挥老年护理机器人的潜力,就需要出台更有力的政策支持,以推动其大规模应用,并确保其价格对所有人来说都具有可承受性。作宾补,表示“可承受的、负担得起的”用形容词affordable。故填affordable。
Passage 5
(2025·四川绵阳·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The costumes of the Yi people in Chuxiong have a long history and they 1 (call) the “ethnic history worn on the body”. In 2014, the Yi costumes of Chuxiong were included in the national intangible cultural heritage list, 2 (become) one of the symbols of Yi culture.
The Yi people weave their understanding of the world, their love 3 life and their memories of history into the clothes they wear. Every piece of Yi costume reveals 4 they know about the natural world. The Yi costumes of Chuxiong are known for their profound cultural depth and beautiful patterns, which 5 (vivid) reflect the lifestyle and customs of the locals. From ceremonial dress to everyday clothing, Yi costumes tell various 6 (story) and represent the community’s values as well as traditions.
The beauty of Yi costumes lies not only in their craftsmanship but also in the cultural, spiritual 7 emotional significance. Over the past centuries, they 8 (carry) the stories and traditions of the Yi people. Every year during major Yi festivals, these costumes, 9 (decorate) with shiny silver ornaments (装饰品), always attract countless visitors eager to learn about Yi culture. Their deep emotion and long-standing traditions serve as 10 bridge connecting the Yi people’s past and present.
【答案】
1. are called 2. becoming 3. for 4. what 5. vividly 6. stories 7. and 8. have carried 9. decorated 10. a
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍楚雄彝族服饰的历史地位、文化内涵、双重美感及其连接过去与现在、吸引游客了解彝族文化的作用。
1. 考查谓语动词。句意:楚雄彝族服饰历史悠久,被誉为“穿在身上的民族历史”。空处为并列谓语动词;根据并列句可知,本句时态为一般现在时;主语为“they”,复数,和动词“call”之间为被动关系。故填are called。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意:2014年,楚雄彝族服饰被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录,成为彝族文化的标志性符号之一。空处为非谓语动词担当状语,表示主句一句话所产生的自然而然的结果,用现在分词形式。故填becoming。
3. 考查介词。句意:彝族人民将对世界的认知、对生活的热爱以及对历史的记忆,都编织进了日常所穿的服饰之中。空处为名词“love”的介词搭配,构成短语:one’s love for,意为“对……的热爱”,符合句意。故填for。
4. 考查宾语从句。句意:每一件彝族服饰,都彰显着他们对自然界的认知。空处为宾语从句的引导词;宾语从句中缺少宾语,用what引导。故填what。
5. 考查副词。句意:楚雄彝族服饰以深厚的文化底蕴和精美的纹样著称,这些纹样生动地反映出当地人民的生活方式与民俗习惯。修饰动词“reflect”用副词形式,意为“生动地”。故填vividly。
6. 考查名词的数。句意:从节庆盛装到日常便服,彝族服饰承载着形形色色的故事,也体现着本民族的价值观念与传统习俗。空处为名词形式担当宾语;根据空前的“various”可知,空处为名词的复数形式。故填stories。
7. 考查连词。句意:彝族服饰的美,不仅体现在精湛工艺上,更蕴含着丰富的文化、精神与情感内涵。空处为连词形式;空前“cultural, spiritual”和空后“emotional”之间为并列关系,用and连接。故填and。
8. 考查谓语动词。句意:数百年来,这些服饰一直承载着彝族人民的故事与传统。空处为本句谓语动词;根据时间状语“over the past centuries”可知,本句时态为现在完成时;主语“they”,复数,和动词“carry”之间为主动关系,主语为they,助动词用have。故填have carried。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意:每年彝族重大节庆期间,缀满闪亮银饰的服饰总会吸引无数渴望了解彝族文化的游客。空处为非谓语动词担当名词“these costumes”的后置定语,之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填decorated。
10. 考查冠词。句意:其中蕴含的深厚情感与悠久传统,成为连接彝族过去与现在的桥梁。修饰名词“bridge”,表示泛指,且bridge发音以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
Passage 6
(2025·四川·一模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I arrived in China from Australia as a student with a love for travel, culture, and adventure and China did not disappoint me. My adventure, as part of my one-year Chinese language learning program, 1 (begin) in the winter of 2014 at the country’s renowned Peking University.
In the bustling city of Beijing, each day brought me something new. Soon, I 2 (attract) by the dedicated and hardworking students there. Beyond all the 3 (excite), I was gaining something incredibly important: a new perspective. Being immersed in another culture, 4 is completely different from my own, I soon realized that there’s not just one way to live, think, and communicate.
Over the 12 years in Beijing, I witnessed firsthand the rise of phenomena like 5 (share) bikes, ride-hailing apps, and coffee culture. I saw a coffee shop open up in the nearest town, a day care center established for the villagers, 6 giant windmills built in field after field. China really knows how 7 (get) things done in a short time.
Behind all these 8 (change) are the Chinese people—the most important reason why China became such a home for me. I felt deeply inspired by their spirit and pride in 9 they do.
China has changed 10 (rapid) itself; all the while it has also shaped my view of the world.
【答案】
1. began 2. was attracted 3. excitement 4. which 5. shared 6. and 7. to get 8. changes 9. what 10. rapidly
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者从澳大利亚到中国学习中文、体验文化、观察社会变迁的个人经历。
1. 考查动词时态。句意:2014年冬天,我的冒险——在中国著名的北京大学为期一年的汉语学习计划——开始了。begin作本句谓语,根据时间状语the winter of 2014可知,用一般过去时。故填began。
2. 考查动词时态和语态。句意:很快,我就被那里敬业刻苦的学生们所吸引。主语I和谓语acctract是被动关系,此处用被动语态,根据全文时态可知,描述已发生的事,用一般过去式。故填was attracted。
3. 考查名词。句意:除了兴奋之外,我还获得了一些非常重要的东西:一个新的视角。空前是定冠词,所以空处应填名词,作介词宾语,excite的名词形式是excitement。故填excitement。
4. 考查定语从句。句意:沉浸在另一种与自己完全不同的文化中,我很快意识到,生活、思考和交流的方式不止一种。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是culture,在从句中作主语,用which引导。故填which。
5. 考查形容词。句意:在北京的12年里,我亲眼目睹了共享单车、打车软件和咖啡文化等现象的兴起。空后是名词,所以空处应填形容词作定语,share的形容词形式是shared意为“共享的”。故填shared。
6. 考查连词。句意:我看到最近的镇上开了一家咖啡店,为村民建立了一个日托中心,一片又一片地建起了巨大的风车。根据可知“a coffee shop open up in the nearest town”,“a day care center established for the villagers”以及“giant windmills built in field after field”是并列关系,用and连接。故填and。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意:中国确实知道如何在短时间内完成任务。此处是“特殊疑问词+to do”结构作宾语,所以空处应填不定式。故填to get。
8. 考查名词。句意:所有这些变化的背后,是中国人民——这正是我将中国视为第二故乡的最重要原因。根据空前的these可知,空处应填名词复数形式。故填changes。
9. 考查宾语从句。句意:他们对自己所做之事展现出的精神与自豪感,令我深受鼓舞。空处引导宾语从句,从句中缺少宾语,且指代事情,用连接代词what引导。故填what。
10. 考查副词。句意:中国自身发生了翻天覆地的变化;与此同时,它也重塑了我对世界的看法。空处修饰空前的动词has changed,用副词修饰。故填rapidly。
15 / 25
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$