Unit 2 Building the future Grammar and composition 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版选修第二册

该高中英语课件聚焦段落要素（主题句、支撑句、结论句），通过“白色污染”文章引导学生观察探究，自主归纳规则，再经选择主题句、句子排序等练习内化，最后结合环保话题写作，构建“探究—练习—运用”的学习支架，衔接语法知识与话题意义。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，以“白色污染”“可食用勺子”等环保话题为载体，通过表格分析、句子排序等探究式任务，引导学生自主归纳段落规则，提升逻辑组织能力。结合文化意识中的社会责任感，如让学生讨论减少污染并写作，既巩固写作技能又增强环保意识，为教师提供话题与语法结合的结构化素材，助力高效教学。

高中英语译林版(2020)选修第二册课件 Unit 2 Building the future Grammar and composition Page 20-21 The elements of a paragraph 制作者：桂东一中　李宇平 ◆ 内容分析 本板块围绕单元话题，首先在一篇有关“白色污染”的文章中，观察、探究段落基本要素的使用情况，自主归纳其核心规则；再通过段落、语篇两个层面的巩固练习，内化新知；最后运用所学，准确、恰当、得体地使用目标语法，完成具体情境中的写作任务，使语法知识的运用和话题意义相结合，实现“形式—意义—使用”三者的统一。 ◆ 教学目标 By the end of this section, we will be able to: 1. identify the elements of a paragraph; 2. work out the rules of the elements of a paragraph; 3. use the elements of a paragraph to finish the given tasks; 4. develop their sense of social responsibility to reduce different kinds of pollution. A .Exploring the rules Below is an article about white pollution. Identify the elements of paragraphs 2 and 3 and fill in the table below. The first one has been done for you. Para. 2 Para. 3 Topic sentence (1) Supporting sentences Concluding sentence (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) Annually, Mount Qomolangma draws many mountaineers, some of whom throw away rubbish, including plastic waste, when they leave. The Mariana Trench is not immune to plastic either. A plastic bag was found lying at its bottom. All this highlights an enormous problem: white pollution. Mount Qomolangma /ˌtʃəʊməˈlɑːŋmə/珠穆朗玛峰 the Mariana Trench /ˌmæriˈɑːnə trentʃ/马里亚纳海沟 immune (to sth)不受影响 (1) Inevitably, white pollution poses serious threats to the environment. (2) Since its mass production in the early 1950s, only 9 per cent of plastic from the over 9.2 billion tonnes produced has been recycled, leaving the majority of plastic lying around. (3) With the decomposition process that can take decades or centuries, plastic slowly releases poisonous chemicals into the soil and groundwater.地下水 in·ev·it·ably  /ɪnˈevɪtəbli/不可避免地;必然地;意料之中 pose  /pəʊz/ 造成(威胁、问题等);引起;产生 lie around/about 到处乱放；乱搁;游手好闲 (4) Essential soil properties are negatively affected, and water quality is degraded by contamination. (5) If the problem of plastic pollution is not addressed, it will certainly damage our environment permanently. (6) White pollution also exposes all living things to danger. es·sen·tial  /ɪˈsenʃl/ 本质的；基本的；根本的 property/ˈprɒpətɪ/性质；特性 de·grade /dɪˈɡreɪd/ 使恶化;降低,削弱(尤指质量) expose sb/sth/yourself (to sth)使面临,使遭受(危险或不快) (7) Plant growth is potentially affected, and animals experience various illnesses. (8) Moreover, animals suffer other consequences of consuming plastic items or becoming trapped. (9) It is estimated that more than 1 million seabirds and 100,000 marine animals die from plastic pollution every year. (10) As plastic travels through the food chain, its impact reaches the very top: humans are consuming food contaminated by white pollution. trap  /træp/ 卡住；夹住；绊住；缠住 travel(以某速度、朝某方向或在某距离内)行进,转送,传播 (11) Unbelievably, 1 in 3 fish caught for human consumption contains plastic. (12) Ingesting poisonous chemicals released by plastic is directly linked to certain diseases like cancers and immune system problems. (13) It appears that no living thing is safe from plastic pollution. Fortunately, the problem can be tackled through reducing, reusing and recycling plastic products. Strictly implementing the above measures would require cooperation and participation from all sectors of society. be safe from sth.不会受损伤的 Working out the rules • A topic sentence clearly (1) ______ (states/supports) the main idea of a paragraph. •Supporting sentences help (2) _______ (explain/restate) the main idea with details and specific examples. • A concluding sentence (3) _______ (repeats/ introduces) the main idea of the paragraph, but in a different way. states explain repeats 段落基本要素 Pages 94–95 段落是构成文章的基本单位，通常由若干个句子组成，这些句子围绕一个中心思想展开。段落往往包含以下几种类型的句子： 1.主题句（topic sentence） (1) 主题句通常陈述一个段落的中心思想或主题，通常在段落的开头，有时出现在段落的中间或结尾。 (2) 不是所有的段落都有主题句。有时上一段落包含一个主题句，而下一段落会延续上一段落的主题。 2.支撑句（supporting sentence） (1) 支撑句对主题句进行具体阐释或证明。 (2) 支撑句通常根据时间、空间、因果、对比等逻辑关系展开。句与句之间需要使用关联词语进行有效衔接。 3.结论句（concluding sentence） (1) 结论句对段落的主题进行概括或总结，通常包含体现段落主题的关键词语，但不会简单重复主题句。 (2) 结论句可以用来表达关于主题的最后想法或引入下一段落的主题。 (3) 不是所有的段落都有结论句。 B . Applying the rules Page 21 B1.Choose the proper topic sentence for each paragraph below. Write the correct letters in the blanks. 1. _______________________________________________ _________________ We should avoid using straws where possible by choosing non-straw drinking methods, for example, using cups with straw-free lids. (drinking) straw （喝饮料用的）吸管 -free无……的；免除……的,不受...阻碍的 tax-free免税的;不纳税的, smoke-free无人吸烟的;禁止吸烟的 a. Reducing the use of plastic straws requires us to change our habits. If we have to use straws, we could select those made of eco-friendly materials such as paper,bamboo or metal. Our choices have more impact than we think. a. Reducing the use of plastic straws requires us to change our habits. b. Plastic straws are causing harm to the environment. 2. __________________________________________ This type of pollution disrupts people’s sleep patterns, leading to various health problems. dis·rupt  /dɪsˈrʌpt/ 扰乱；使中断；打乱 a. Light pollution is a serious environmental issue. It also affects animal behaviour. Furthermore, much of the artificial light at night is unnecessary and thus creates a massive waste of energy. The problem of light pollution must be addressed. a. Light pollution is a serious environmental issue. b. Light pollution is a problem in major cities. B2.Below is an article about a solution to white pollution. For paragraphs 2–4, put the sentences in the correct order and identify the elements of each paragraph. Para. 2 Para. 3 Para. 4 Order Topic sentence Supporting sentences Concluding sentenc (2) (3) (1) (5) (4) (2) (3) (1) (5) (4) (7) (8) (6) (9) (10) (7) (8) (6) (9) (10) (14) (13) (12) (11) (14) (13) (12) (11) Every year, people all around the world throw away billions of plastic spoons, forks and knives. These single-use plastic items wind up in landfills. Motivated to create something that does not pose risks to the environment and living things, an Indian company is offering a creative solution to this problem: eatable spoons! single-use供一次使用的 mo·tiv·ate  /ˈməʊtɪveɪt/ 成为…的动机；是…的原因; 激发…的积极性 motivated 受....的原因驱使 eat·able  /ˈiːtəbl/ 可吃的；可食用的 (2) These eatable spoons, invented by an Indian researcher, offer a waste-free alternative to traditional plastic spoons and are just as functional. (3) When you are done with the spoon, you do not throw it out—you eat it instead! (1) And if you don’t want to eat it, you can throw it into the compost. (5) The spoon will decompose in just a few days once used. (4) This significantly cuts down on the amount of plastic people use. func·tion·al /ˈfʌŋkʃənl/ 实用的;(能)起作用的,工作的,运转的 be/have done with sth与(某人)断绝关系;做完;结束(某事) (7) Making the spoons is fairly simple. (8) First, a dough is made out of a blend of flour.(6) Next, they shape the dough into spoons and bake them. (9) Finally, when the spoons come out of the oven, they are ready to use. (10) The eatable spoon has a shelf life of up to two years and is firm enough for hot liquids like soup and frozen foods like ice cream. fair·ly/ˈfeəli/ (用于形容词和副词前 ) 一定地；相当地 shape A (into B)  使成为…形状(或样子);塑造 shelf life  (食品等的)货架期，保存期 (14) The company is still exploring the potential for these spoons. (13) It plans to offer sweet and salty spoon options. (12) This way, you can use sweet spoons when you are eating dessert and salty ones when you are eating your main dish. (11) The future of these spoons looks bright and delicious! dish一道菜；菜肴,=course B3. In pairs, discuss more ways to reduce pollution. You can focus on one particular type,like air pollution or light pollution. Write a short paragraph that includes a clear topic sentence, some supporting sentences and a concluding sentence. Reducing air pollution is a top priority in today’s world. As burning fossil fuels is a major contributor to air pollution, everyone should develop energy-saving habits and lifestyles. This will reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. Businesses should behave in an eco-friendly way and consider a hybrid work model that reduces workers’ daily need to commute to and from work. Governments should invest more in developing green energy technologies and building infrastructures to increase the use of green energy. All these efforts can help reduce air pollution and its impact, and hopefully one day we can finally cross air pollution off our list of global issues. hybrid/ˈhaɪbrɪd/adj.混合的 n.混合动力汽车,混合物;杂种 cross sb/sth off (sth) (从名单或清单上)画掉，删掉 B.Write a topic sentence for each paragraph below. P62 1._____________________________________ I like reading about different countries and the famous places there.Before I go on holiday, I always buy lots of books about the place I will visit. Travel books help me learn about different customs and traditions in different places. The books I enjoy the most are travel books. 2. _______________________________________________ First, you know everyone and everyone knows you in a small town.This helps you feel safe. Second, there are fewer cars and factories. This means there is less pollution than in a big city. 3. _______________________________________________ _____________ It is interesting to watch the seeds pop out of the soil for the first time. 破土而出 gardener/ˈɡɑːdnə/ 园丁;园艺爱好者 pop(让人意外地)突然出现;冷不防冒出 There are two main advantages of living in a small town. Tending a garden can bring fun, health and harvest to the gardener. It is sometimes hard to believe that a little seed can become a large plant in just a few weeks. Planting seeds and pulling weeds are good exercise for the gardener.After watching the plant grow, the gardener harvests delicious tomatoes, beans or other produce from the garden. bean  /biːn/ 豆；菜豆；豆荚；豆科植物 pro·duce /ˈprɒdjuːs/ 产品；（尤指）农产品 $