热点话题07（中国文化—中国古典名诗鉴赏）（时文热点阅读专项训练）中考英语通用版

热点话题07 中国文化—中国古典名诗鉴赏 题型 语篇 话题 语法填空 Passage 1 中国名诗解读：《观书有感》宋·朱熹。问渠那得清如许？为有源头活水来。（原创） Passage 2 中国名诗解读：《送元二使安西》唐·王维。劝君更尽一杯酒，西出阳关无故人（原创） Passage 3 中国名诗解读：《竹石》清·郑板桥。千磨万击还坚劲，任尔东西南北风。（原创） Passage 4 中国名诗解读：《清明》唐·杜牧。清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。（原创） Passage 5 中国名诗解读：《月下独酌》唐·李白。举杯邀明月，对影成三人。（原创） Passage 6 中国名诗解读：《江雪》唐·柳宗元。孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。（原创） Passage 7 中国名诗解读：《春晓》唐·孟浩然。春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟。（原创） Passage 8 中国名诗解读：《赋得古原草送别》唐·白居易。野火烧不尽，春风吹又生。（原创） Passage 9 中国名诗解读：《饮酒》东晋·陶渊明。采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。（原创） Passage 10 中国名诗解读：《天净沙·秋》（朱庭玉）解与诗人意同。辞柯霜叶，飞来就我题红。（原创） Passage 11 中国名诗解读：《塞下曲》唐·王昌龄。饮马渡秋水，水寒风似刀。（原创） Passage 12 中国名诗解读：《春夜喜雨》唐·杜甫。好雨知时节，当春乃发生。（原创） Passage 1 《观书有感》 (宋·朱熹) 半亩方塘一鉴开， 天光云影共徘徊。 问渠那得清如许？ 为有源头活水来。 The Book (By Zhu Xi) There lies a glassy oblong pool, Where light and shade pursue their course. How can it be so clear and cool? For water comes fresh from the source. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) Reading can be helpful in different ways. Song Dynasty poet Zhu Xi (1130-1200) uses the metaphor (比喻) of flowing water (流水) in the poem The Book. He wants _____1____(tell) readers that reading is important, in order to improve oneself. Only by____2_____ (read), can people take in new knowledge in order to make progress. So he hopes people could get past being lazy while reading in order to make their minds as_____3____ (clear) as a pool of water. The poem begins with a picture of ______4____ square pond, half an acre in size. The poet goes into descriptive detail about how the pond reflects the sky and the clouds, creating a ____5_____(peace) and quiet environment. The tranquil pool of water serves as a mirror, reflecting the world around it. The question comes up, “how can it be so pure and clear?” The answer hidden in this poem ___6______(lie) in the last line. The pond’s clarity（清澈） and freshness are due to the source of live water（活水） _____7____runs into it. The “live water” and the pool is a smart metaphor which _____8____ ( used) by Zhu Xi to explain the _____9________(important) of original and authentic knowledge for clarity of mind. The pool symbolizes the mind of a reader, while the live water represents the continual influx （涌入）of knowledge. The poem concludes with the message that as long as one continuously seeks out（寻求） fresh and original knowledge, ____10______(they)mind, like the pond, can remain clear and untainted. That’s the poet's attitude towards life and learning. Learning is about constantly absorbing new things to maintain their progress and vitality（活力）. That’s the wisdom Zhu Xi shares with us in ‘The Book”. 【答案】1. to tell 2. reading 3. clear 4. a 5. peaceful 6. lies 7. that (which) 8. is used 9. importance 10. their Passage 2   Life is full of farewells (告别). That’s perhaps why this theme has been written about by poets around the world. It’s sad to say goodbye to our friends and family members. Instead of simply expressing sadness, many poets see farewells from a positive perspective (乐观的视角). Let’s see.  《送元二使安西》 唐·王维 渭城朝雨浥轻尘， 客舍青青柳色新。 劝君更尽一杯酒， 西出阳关无故人。 A Farewell Song Wang Wei No dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain; The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green. I invite you to drink a cup of wine again; West of the sunny pass no more friends will be seen. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) “A Farewell Song” is a famous poem by Wang Wei, a well-known poet from China’s Tang Dynasty. He is famous ____1____（介词） his deep and touching _____2______(describe) of nature and emotions. Wang Wei was not just a poet, but also an artist and a government official. He _____3____(like) to make his poems peaceful and make readers _____4____(think )about themselves. His poems often show how people and nature can live together______5____ peacefully. Looking at the style of writing, the poet uses simple language ____6____(关系代词) is filled with emotion. The line, “No dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain,” creates a peaceful image of a quiet morning, which is like a peaceful moment before something big happens. “The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green”, adds to the peaceful and hopeful feeling by ____7______(paint) a picture of fresh, new spring. The willow branches (柳树) _____8______(consider) as a typical symbol of farewell in China. In ancient times, Chinese people often used them as a parting (分别的) gift between friends and family. “I invite you to drink a cup of wine again” is the poet’s warm and real way of not wanting to say goodbye to his friend. Having another drink together is like a symbol of ___9_______ (they) goodbye. Lastly, "West of the sunny pass no more friends will be seen” shows the feeling of being alone and missing someone. It also shows his sincere (真诚的) love and care for his friend. In general, this poem creates a feeling of quiet ____10______(sad). It mixes beautiful pictures and human feelings to deeply express the universal experience of saying goodbye. 【答案】1. for 2. descriptions 3. liked 4. think 5. peacefully. 6.that/which 7. painting 8. are considered 9. their 10.sadness Passage 3 Staying strong during hard times is a beautiful quality (品质) of human beings. Let’s have a look at poems from Chinese poet Zheng Xie (1693-1765) 《竹石》 (郑燮) 咬定青山不放松，立根原在破岩中。 千磨万击还坚劲，任尔东西南北风。 Bamboo in the Rock (By Zheng Xie) Upright stands the bamboo amid green mountains steep, Its toothlike root in broken rock is planted deep. It’s strong and firm though struck and beaten without rest, Careless of the wind from north or south; east or west. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) “Bamboo in the Rock,”is a Chinese poem by a man named Zheng Xie, often called Zheng Banqiao. He was born in 1693. Besides being_____1____ great artist and poet, Zheng was also a government worker during a time in China called the Qing Dynasty. He _____2____ (not like) the unfair things he saw happening in the government, so he started making art and writing poems about things like bamboo, which were easy_____3____ (understand) but had deep meanings. His poem paints a picture of bamboo growing strong even though it’s in a tough spot, squeezed within rocks on a mountain. No matter what difficulties the bamboo ____4____(face), like bad weather hitting it from every side, it keeps ____5___(stand) up straight. The bamboo is a symbol of strength and determination because it remains firm and doesn’t break under pressure. The poem is full _____6____ beautiful words about nature, but it’s also there to teach us something important. just like the bamboo, people should stay strong and focused even ____7_____ life is challenging. By facing hard times, we can build_____8_____ (we) inner strength, just like the unyielding bamboo. Young people can learn a lot from this poem because it shows them the______9_____ (important) of staying strong and determined, even when things get tough. The poem reminds teenagers that tests and difficulties can help them grow even __________(strong). It is an inspiring message for them to remain brave during hard times and never give up, just like bamboo standing tall amidst challenges. 【答案】1.a 2.didn’t like 3.to understand 4.faces 5.standing 6.of 7.when 8.our 9.importance 10.stronger Passage 4 《清明》 唐·杜牧 清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。 借问酒家何处有？牧童遥指杏花村。 Drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day; The mourner’s heart is going to break on his way. Where can a wineshop be found to drown his sad hours? A cowherd points to a cot’s mid apricot flowers. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) Du Mu, a famous poet from the Tang Dynasty in China, is well-known for his touching and 1 _______ (power) poetry. One of his most loved poems, “Qingming”, talks about the Mourning Day, a traditional Chinese festival where people remember 2 __________(they) family members 3.________have passed away. In the poem, it’s raining 4.________(soft), the falling rain is like the tears people might cry when they’re sad and missing someone. The rain makes everything feel even _________(sorrowful). The person in the poem feels very sad, maybe thinking about loved ones they’ve lost, because the rain reflects their inner sadness. In the next part, they ask where they can find a place to drink, showing they want to drink ________(forget) their sadness. The poem ends with a shepherd boy pointing to a faraway village with apricot flowers, where there might be a wineshop, which means they can get wine. This bit of help and direction from the boy________ (bring) a slight feeling of hope, showing that even when we’re very sad, there are ways to find a bit of comfort. The poem “Qingming”___________ (love) by many because it’s simple _________deep. It talks about things that many people feel: sadness, remembering those we’ve lost, and looking for a little bit of comfort in tough times. It’s especially meaningful in Chinese culture 10.__________ it perfectly captures the feelings and traditions of the Qingming Festival. That’s why it’s still a favorite and people read it even today. 【答案】1.powerful 2. their 3.who/that 4. softly 5. more sorrowful 6. to forget 7. brings 8.is loved 9. but /yet 10.because Passage 5 《月下独酌》 李白 花间一壶酒，独酌无相亲。 举杯邀明月，对影成三人。 Drinking Alone under the Moon By Li Bai Among the flowers, from a pot of wine I drink without a companion of mine. I raise my cup to invite the Moon who blends Her light with my Shadow and we are three friends. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) Li Bai, one of China's most famous poets from the Tang Dynasty, is known 1._________ his romantic style and deep emotional expression. "Drinking Alone under the Moon," one of his famous poems, reflects his feelings of loneliness and his unique way of finding companionship. The poem expresses the poet's feelings of loneliness and sorrow due to political frustration. The poet 2.__________(vivid生动的) describes the quiet environment as if it were lively, which not only shows his skill in 3.________(write) but also expresses his open-minded personality and emotions 4._________ are good at clearing up loneliness. The setting of this poem is among flowers, the prop (道具)is a pot of wine, and the only character on stage is the poet himself, who is drinking alone. With the addition of the words " without a companion of mine," the scene is very monotonous(单调的). So the poet suddenly has 5.__________idea, pulling the bright moon in the sky and his own shadow in the moonlight to join him, turning the three of them, including himself, into a group of three, toasting together, making the desolate scene suddenly lively. However, the moon does not understand drinking, and the shadow only 6.__________(follow) the body, still returning to loneliness. However, Li Bai's loneliness is not one of despair but of 7.__________(create) imagination. He changes his loneliness into a moment of companionship with nature itself，seeing the moon and his shadow as friends to share his drink. The poem uses personification（拟人化）, a figure of speech where non-human things 8._________(give) human qualities. Li Bai personifies the moon and his shadow, making them his friends. This is a creative way to express his feelings. The poem is simple and short, but it has a deep 9._________(mean). It shows Li Bai's ability to find joy in simple things and his imagination to turn loneliness into companionship. People like this poem 10__________ it is easy to understand and it speaks to everyone's feelings of loneliness. It also shows Li Bai's love for nature and his unique way of seeing the world. The poem is a reminder to appreciate the beauty around us, even when we are alone. 【答案】1. for 2. vividly 3. writing 4. that 5. an 6. follows 7.creative 8. are given 9. meaning 10.because Passage 6 《江雪》 柳宗元 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。　 From hill to hill no bird in flight, From path to path no man in sight A lonely fisherman afloat, Is fishing snow in lonely boat‌? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Translated Xu Yuangchong "River Snow" is a famous poem written by Liu Zongyuan. He was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty of China.　He lived from 773 to 819. During his life, he had many ups and downs. He was once a government official, but he faced a lot of difficulties and even he 1.__________ (send) to a faraway place. His life was not easy, 2._______ he still loved nature and wrote many beautiful poems. In this poem, Liu Zongyuan paints a picture of a cold winter day. There are no birds flying from hill to hill.　There are no people 3.________(walk) on the paths. Everything seems quiet and lonely. But in the middle of this 4.________(snow) world, there is a man. He is wearing a straw cloak and he is fishing on the river. This man is like 5._________ poet himself. He is alone, but he is not afraid 6._______the cold and the loneliness. He is enjoying the beauty of nature. The way Liu Zongyuan writes this poem is very special. He uses simple words, but they create a strong image in 7.________(we) minds. He doesn't say much, but we can feel the cold, the quietness and the beauty of the snow. He also uses contrast. The big, empty world and the small, lonely man make us think more about life and nature. This poem shows us the 8._________( poet) feelings. He is sad and lonely, but he also finds peace and beauty in nature. Even when life is hard, we can still find something good and enjoy it. Many people 9.________( loved) this poem for hundreds of years. It teaches us to be strong and to love nature. It also makes us think about our own lives and how we can find 10. __________( happy) in the world around us. 【答案】1.was sent 2.but 3.walking 4.snowy 5. the 6. Of 7.our 8. poet's 9.have loved 10.happiness Passage 7 《春晓》 唐·孟浩然 春眠不觉晓， 处处闻啼鸟。 夜来风雨声， 花落知多少。 SPRING MORNING This spring morning in bed I‘m lying, Not to awake till birds are crying. After one night of wind and showers, How many are the fallen flowers? （translated by Xu Yuanchong） Meng Haoran was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. He was from Xiangyang, a beautiful place in Hubei. Meng Haoran loved nature a lot, and most of his 1._________(poem) were about the wonderful scenes of nature and life in the countryside. His poems are simple but full of the beauty of nature, making them easy for people to love.​ "Spring Morning" is one of his 2.__________ (famous) poems. In the first two lines, "This spring morning in bed I‘m lying, Not to awake till birds are crying.", it shows that the poet slept very well in the spring. He was 3.__________comfortable that he didn't know it was already morning until the birds' singing woke him up. This makes us feel how relaxing spring mornings can be.​ The next two lines, "After one night of wind and showers, How many are the fallen flowers?", the poet thought about the wind and rain last night. He 4.__________(wonder) how many flowers had fallen because of them. It makes us feel a bit sorry 5. _________ those beautiful flowers.​ Easy and common words 6.________(use) by Meng Haoran in his poem. He just described things 7._______ can be seen and heard in spring, like the singing birds and the sound of wind and rain. But through these simple 8.__________(describe), he showed his deep love for nature. At the same time, he also let us feel his 9.________(sad) about the passing of beautiful things, like the fallen flowers.​ This poem has a big influence. It helps us see the beauty of spring 10.________(clear). It makes us want to enjoy and cherish nature. Even today, many people, especially kids, learn this poem. By reading it, they can feel the amazing charm of ancient Chinese poetry. 【答案】1.poems 2.most famous 3.so 4.wondered 5.for 6.were used 7.that/which 8.descriptions 9. sadness 10.more clearly/clearly Passage 8 《赋得古原草送别》 唐·白居易 离离原上草，一岁一枯荣。 野火烧不尽，春风吹又生。 远芳侵古道，晴翠接荒城。 又送王孙去，萋萋满别情。 Grass on the Ancient Plain in Farewell to a Friend By Bai Juyi Wild grasses spread over ancient plain; With spring and fall they come and go. Wild fire can’t burn them up again; They rise when vernal breezes blow. Their fragrance overruns the way; Their green invades the ruined town. To see my friend go far away; My sorrow grows like grass overgrown. The poem “Grass on the Ancient Plain in Farewell to a Friend” is a famous poem by Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty. Through the description of the weeds (野草) on the ancient plain, the poem expresses the1________ (feel) of farewell to a friend. 2________ (he) friendship is like the overgrown grass on the ancient plain. It can 3_________(see) as an ode (颂歌) to weeds and life. The first four lines focus 4________ the beauty of the life of the weeds through time, while the second four lines fix on their beauty of one time. The poem “Wild fire can’t burn them up again; They rise when vernal breezes blow.” shows a kind of “difficulty” and has been recited for thousands of years. This poem is the author’s practice work for the examination. According to the record, the author 5________(enter) the capital for the first time. 6_________ he visited the famous people Gu Kuang, he showed this poem. At first, Gu Kuang looked at the young man and said, “Living is not easy with rice prices here staying high.” Although he was joking about Bai Juyi’s name, he also meant something more: the capital was not 7._________ good place to make a living. However, after 8.___________(read) the two lines of “wildfire can’t burn”, he can’t help 9__________(appreciate) (欣赏) it and said: “Living can be easy with great sight (洞察力).” And it was 10____________(wide) praised. It can be seen that this poem was thought highly of at that time. 【答案】1.feeling 2.His 3.be seen 4. on 5.entered 6.When 7.a 8.reading 9.appreciating 10.widely Passage 9 《饮酒》   (陶渊明) 结庐在人境，而无车马喧。 问君何能尔，心远地自偏。 采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。 山气日夕佳，飞鸟相与还。 此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。 Drinking Wine In people’s haunt (常去之处) I build my cot; Of wheels and hoofs (马蹄的) noise I hear not. How can it leave on me no trace (痕迹)? Secluded (隐居的) heart makes secluded place. I pick fenceside (篱笆旁的) asters at will; Carefree I see the Southern Hill. The mountain air’s fresh day and night; Together birds go home in flight. What revelation (启示) at this view? Words fail me if I try to tell you. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) Tao Yuanming was a famous Chinese poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At that time, the society was a bit chaotic（混乱的）. Tao Yuanming didn't like the noisy and complicated court life, so he wanted to live a simple and quiet life in the countryside. This 1.__________(choose) had a big influence on his poems. The poem "Drinking Wine" 2.__________(write) when he left his job and started his reclusive(隐居的) life. The political situation wasn't good then, but he found comfort in nature. This poem shows his idea of living 3.________ (happy) with nature and being satisfied with a simple life. His writing style is easy and direct. He uses simple words 4.___________(tell) deep thoughts. In this poem, at the beginning, he said he lived in a place with people, but he didn't care about the noisy carriages and horses. It means he could keep calm inside no matter where he was. The words "Secluded heart makes secluded place" are really meaningful. They tell us that 5_________(we) inner feeling decides how we see the place around us. Then, he wrote about picking chrysanthemums by the fence and 6._________( look) at the faraway hill. This is not just about a nice view. It shows his 7____________(peace) and happy feeling inside. The fresh air and the flying birds going home also make us feel the harmony with nature. At the end of the poem, he said he 8__________(understand) something important but couldn't find the right words to say it. This is a common thing in poems. It makes the poem more meaningful. All in all, "Drinking Wine" shows Tao Yuanming's life and his thoughts. It gives us a feeling of peace and happiness that comes from living with nature and being true to ourselves. This poem is important 9__________ it can make people from different times and places feel 10.__________ same way and remember the simple joys and the beauty of peace. 【答案】1.choice 2.was written 3.happily 4.to tell 5.our 6. Looking 7.peaceful 8.undertood 9.because 10.the Passage 10 《天净沙·秋》 （朱庭玉） 庭前落尽梧桐， 水边开彻芙蓉。 解与诗人意同。 辞柯霜叶，飞来就我题红。 Tune: Sunny Sand, Autumn (Zhu Tingyu) In the courtyard the leafless plane trees loom; By waterside all lotuses are in full bloom. The frost-bitten maple leaf knows my heart, Willing from its bough to part And fly down for me to write verses on. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong)   As the fall season arrives, leaves start to change from green to yellow and red. While 1.________(walk) on the streets, people can see many leaves falling. Dancing in the wind, these leaves finally rest on the ground. Seeing such a scene, what thoughts fill 2.___________(people) minds? Let’s find out from the poem by Chinese poet Zhu Tingyu. Sunny Sand, Autumn is a poem about 3.__________(冠词) beauty of autumn written by Zhu Tingyu. With simple and easy-to-understand words and language, the author shows us the beautiful autumn 4_________ she saw. In the poem, it says that the plane trees in the courtyard have lost 5._________( they) leaves, while the lotus flowers by the water are blooming. The two scenes together make a great contrast, showing the cold feeling of autumn and also the beauty and 6.___________(happy) of the lotus flowers. “The frost-bitten maple leaf knows my heart” shows the author’s unique （独一无二）understanding and imagination of nature. The author gives life to the maple leaves. They are urged by the frost and coming to find the poet to write. This interaction(互动)7. _____________(介词) the poet and nature shows the author’s desire to live in harmony with nature. Using simple and clear language, the author shows us a beautiful autumn scene and the variety of autumn. In conclusion, Sunny Sand, Autumn is a creative and emotional poem about the beauty of autumn. Through the author’s careful 8___________(describe), we can 9.___________(deep) feel the beauty of nature and share the feeling of the season changing. The poem shows us that we don’t need complicated words and skills to see the beauty of nature, but only need 10._____________(feel )it with our hearts. 【答案】1.walking 2. people’s 3.the 4. which/that 5.their 6.happiness 7.between 8.description 9.deeply 10.to feel Passage 11 《塞下曲》 (王昌龄) 饮马渡秋水，水寒风似刀。 平沙日未没，黯黯见临洮。 昔日长城战，咸言意气高。 黄尘足今古，白骨乱蓬蒿。 Song of the Frontier (II) (Wang Changling) We water horses and cross autumn streams, Like a sword on water blows the wind cold. On sandy plain the sun sheds parting beams, In the gloom looms the city wall of old. By the Great Wall we fought wars in the land; Our warriors’ fighting spirit was at its height. History is buried in the yellow sand; Among the weeds are scattered the bones white. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) Wang Changling was a well-known poet from the Tang Dynasty in ancient China, which was a time when art and literature flourished. He 1.___________(live) from 698 to 756 AD and wrote many poems about the2. _______(life) of soldiers and the struggles of war. In his poem “Song of the Frontier (II),” Wang Changling talks about soldiers during autumn, when they water their horses and feel the cold wind. The wind 3.__________(describe) as sharp as a knife, which shows how hard the conditions are for the soldiers. He also talks about the fading sun and the old city walls, which creates a kind of sad and fading atmosphere. The poem reflects on past battles and the bravery of the soldiers 4.__________were once full of fighting spirit. But now, all that’s left is the dust of history and the bones of the fallen soldiers scattered among the weeds. The whiteness of the bones shows that they have been there 5.__________ a long time, forgotten by history. He uses imagery, which means he creates pictures in 6_____________(we) minds with his words. He shows us the cold wind, the old walls, and the bones in the sand. All of this helps us feel the sad mood of the poem. The poem’s main idea is about 7____________( remember) the past. Wang Changling seems to be sad that the soldiers who were once full of 8___________(energetic) and fought hard are now forgotten, their bones lying with the land. He wants us 9___________(remember) these soldiers and think about how 10___________ (brave) they fought. It’s a way of showing respect for them and thinking about history. 【答案】1.lived 2.lives 3.is described 4.who/that 5.for 6.our 7.remembering 8.energy 9.to remember 10.bravely Passage 12 《春夜喜雨》 唐·杜甫 好雨知时节，当春乃发生。 随风潜入夜，润物细无声。 野径云俱黑，江船火独明。 晓看红湿处，花重锦官城。 Happy Rain on a Spring Night Good rain knows its time right; It will fall when comes spring. With wind it steals in night; Mute, it moistens each thing. O’er wild lanes dark cloud spreads; In boat a lantern looms. Dawn sees saturated reds; The town’s heavy with blooms. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) Du Fu, one of the greatest poets in the Tang Dynasty of China, is famous for his poems about nature and life. His well-loved poem, “Happy Rain on a Spring Night”, writes about the beautiful scene of a timely rain in spring and the joy it brings. In the poem, the rain 1.________( describe) as “good” because it comes at the right time—when spring arrives. It falls quietly with the wind during the night, and wets everything gently without 2._______(make) a sound. This quiet rain shows 3._______kind and helpful it is to the earth. Later, the poem paints a night picture: the clouds make the country roads very dark, 4.________ the light from the boat on the river shines alone. This contrast makes the night scene more vivid. The last part of the poem looks forward to the next morning. It says that when dawn comes, people will see the red flowers all over Jinguan City—they become heavy because they are soaked with rain. This part lets readers 5.________(imagine) the bright and lively spring scene after the rain, full of hope and beauty. The poem “Happy Rain on a Spring Night” has 6._______ deep and long-lasting influence. The line “Mute, it moistens each thing”（“润物细无声”) is especially famous. Even today, this line is still widely used in daily life. It often describes people or things 7._______ help others quietly without asking for praise—like a teacher who patiently guides students, or a parent who takes care of their child 8._________(silent). The poem is loved by many because it is simple but full of warmth. It not only describes the beauty of spring rain but also shows 9.________(people) love for nature and the joy of seeing life grow. It is still popular today because it helps us feel the small but real happiness in life, and teaches us to appreciate the quiet 10.______(kind) around us. 【答案】1.is described 2.making 3.how 4.but 5.imagine 6. a 7.that 8.silently 9. people’s 10.kindness 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 热点话题07 中国文化—中国古典名诗鉴赏 题型 语篇 话题 语法填空 Passage 1 中国名诗解读：《观书有感》宋·朱熹。问渠那得清如许？为有源头活水来。（原创） Passage 2 中国名诗解读：《送元二使安西》唐·王维。劝君更尽一杯酒，西出阳关无故人（原创） Passage 3 中国名诗解读：《竹石》清·郑板桥。千磨万击还坚劲，任尔东西南北风。（原创） Passage 4 中国名诗解读：《清明》唐·杜牧。清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。（原创） Passage 5 中国名诗解读：《月下独酌》唐·李白。举杯邀明月，对影成三人。（原创） Passage 6 中国名诗解读：《江雪》唐·柳宗元。孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。（原创） Passage 7 中国名诗解读：《春晓》唐·孟浩然。春眠不觉晓，处处闻啼鸟。（原创） Passage 8 中国名诗解读：《赋得古原草送别》唐·白居易。野火烧不尽， 春风吹又生。（原创） Passage 9 中国名诗解读：《饮酒》东晋·陶渊明。采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。（原创） Passage 10 中国名诗解读：《天净沙·秋》（朱庭玉）解与诗人意同。辞柯霜叶，飞来就我题红。（原创） Passage 11 中国名诗解读：《塞下曲》唐·王昌龄。饮马渡秋水，水寒风似刀。（原创） Passage 12 中国名诗解读：《春夜喜雨》唐·杜甫。好雨知时节，当春乃发生。（原创） Passage 1 《观书有感》 (宋·朱熹) 半亩方塘一鉴开， 天光云影共徘徊。 问渠那得清如许？ 为有源头活水来。 The Book (By Zhu Xi) There lies a glassy oblong pool, Where light and shade pursue their course. How can it be so clear and cool? For water comes fresh from the source. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) Reading can be helpful in different ways. Song Dynasty poet Zhu Xi (1130-1200) uses the metaphor (比喻) of flowing water (流水) in the poem The Book. He wants _____1____(tell) readers that reading is important, in order to improve oneself. Only by____2_____ (read), can people take in new knowledge in order to make progress. So he hopes people could get past being lazy while reading in order to make their minds as_____3____ (clear) as a pool of water. The poem begins with a picture of ______4____ square pond, half an acre in size. The poet goes into descriptive detail about how the pond reflects the sky and the clouds, creating a ____5_____(peace) and quiet environment. The tranquil pool of water serves as a mirror, reflecting the world around it. The question comes up, “how can it be so pure and clear?” The answer hidden in this poem ___6______(lie) in the last line. The pond’s clarity（清澈） and freshness are due to the source of live water（活水） _____7____runs into it. The “live water” and the pool is a smart metaphor which _____8____ ( used) by Zhu Xi to explain the _____9________(important) of original and authentic knowledge for clarity of mind. The pool symbolizes the mind of a reader, while the live water represents the continual influx （涌入）of knowledge. The poem concludes with the message that as long as one continuously seeks out（寻求） fresh and original knowledge, ____10______(they)mind, like the pond, can remain clear and untainted. That’s the poet's attitude towards life and learning. Learning is about constantly absorbing new things to maintain their progress and vitality（活力）. That’s the wisdom Zhu Xi shares with us in ‘The Book”. Passage 2   Life is full of farewells (告别). That’s perhaps why this theme has been written about by poets around the world. It’s sad to say goodbye to our friends and family members. Instead of simply expressing sadness, many poets see farewells from a positive perspective (乐观的视角). Let’s see.  《送元二使安西》 唐·王维 渭城朝雨浥轻尘， 客舍青青柳色新。 劝君更尽一杯酒， 西出阳关无故人。 A Farewell Song Wang Wei No dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain; The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green. I invite you to drink a cup of wine again; West of the sunny pass no more friends will be seen. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) “A Farewell Song” is a famous poem by Wang Wei, a well-known poet from China’s Tang Dynasty. He is famous ____1____（介词） his deep and touching _____2______(describe) of nature and emotions. Wang Wei was not just a poet, but also an artist and a government official. He _____3____(like) to make his poems peaceful and make readers _____4____(think )about themselves. His poems often show how people and nature can live together______5____ peacefully. Looking at the style of writing, the poet uses simple language ____6____(关系代词) is filled with emotion. The line, “No dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain,” creates a peaceful image of a quiet morning, which is like a peaceful moment before something big happens. “The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green”, adds to the peaceful and hopeful feeling by ____7______(paint) a picture of fresh, new spring. The willow branches (柳树) _____8______(consider) as a typical symbol of farewell in China. In ancient times, Chinese people often used them as a parting (分别的) gift between friends and family. “I invite you to drink a cup of wine again” is the poet’s warm and real way of not wanting to say goodbye to his friend. Having another drink together is like a symbol of ___9_______ (they) goodbye. Lastly, "West of the sunny pass no more friends will be seen” shows the feeling of being alone and missing someone. It also shows his sincere (真诚的) love and care for his friend. In general, this poem creates a feeling of quiet ____10______(sad). It mixes beautiful pictures and human feelings to deeply express the universal experience of saying goodbye. Passage 3 Staying strong during hard times is a beautiful quality (品质) of human beings. Let’s have a look at poems from Chinese poet Zheng Xie (1693-1765) 《竹石》 (郑燮) 咬定青山不放松，立根原在破岩中。 千磨万击还坚劲，任尔东西南北风。 Bamboo in the Rock (By Zheng Xie) Upright stands the bamboo amid green mountains steep, Its toothlike root in broken rock is planted deep. It’s strong and firm though struck and beaten without rest, Careless of the wind from north or south; east or west. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) “Bamboo in the Rock,”is a Chinese poem by a man named Zheng Xie, often called Zheng Banqiao. He was born in 1693. Besides being_____1____ great artist and poet, Zheng was also a government worker during a time in China called the Qing Dynasty. He _____2____ (not like) the unfair things he saw happening in the government, so he started making art and writing poems about things like bamboo, which were easy_____3____ (understand) but had deep meanings. His poem paints a picture of bamboo growing strong even though it’s in a tough spot, squeezed within rocks on a mountain. No matter what difficulties the bamboo ____4____(face), like bad weather hitting it from every side, it keeps ____5___(stand) up straight. The bamboo is a symbol of strength and determination because it remains firm and doesn’t break under pressure. The poem is full _____6____ beautiful words about nature, but it’s also there to teach us something important. just like the bamboo, people should stay strong and focused even ____7_____ life is challenging. By facing hard times, we can build_____8_____ (we) inner strength, just like the unyielding bamboo. Young people can learn a lot from this poem because it shows them the______9_____ (important) of staying strong and determined, even when things get tough. The poem reminds teenagers that tests and difficulties can help them grow even __________(strong). It is an inspiring message for them to remain brave during hard times and never give up, just like bamboo standing tall amidst challenges. Passage 4 《清明》 唐·杜牧 清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。 借问酒家何处有？牧童遥指杏花村。 Drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day; The mourner’s heart is going to break on his way. Where can a wineshop be found to drown his sad hours? A cowherd points to a cot’s mid apricot flowers. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) Du Mu, a famous poet from the Tang Dynasty in China, is well-known for his touching and 1 _______ (power) poetry. One of his most loved poems, “Qingming”, talks about the Mourning Day, a traditional Chinese festival where people remember 2 __________(they) family members 3.________have passed away. In the poem, it’s raining 4.________(soft), the falling rain is like the tears people might cry when they’re sad and missing someone. The rain makes everything feel even _________(sorrowful). The person in the poem feels very sad, maybe thinking about loved ones they’ve lost, because the rain reflects their inner sadness. In the next part, they ask where they can find a place to drink, showing they want to drink ________(forget) their sadness. The poem ends with a shepherd boy pointing to a faraway village with apricot flowers, where there might be a wineshop, which means they can get wine. This bit of help and direction from the boy________ (bring) a slight feeling of hope, showing that even when we’re very sad, there are ways to find a bit of comfort. The poem “Qingming”___________ (love) by many because it’s simple _________deep. It talks about things that many people feel: sadness, remembering those we’ve lost, and looking for a little bit of comfort in tough times. It’s especially meaningful in Chinese culture 10.__________ it perfectly captures the feelings and traditions of the Qingming Festival. That’s why it’s still a favorite and people read it even today. Passage 5 《月下独酌》 李白 花间一壶酒，独酌无相亲。 举杯邀明月，对影成三人。 Drinking Alone under the Moon By Li Bai Among the flowers, from a pot of wine I drink without a companion of mine. I raise my cup to invite the Moon who blends Her light with my Shadow and we are three friends. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) Li Bai, one of China's most famous poets from the Tang Dynasty, is known 1._________ his romantic style and deep emotional expression. "Drinking Alone under the Moon," one of his famous poems, reflects his feelings of loneliness and his unique way of finding companionship. The poem expresses the poet's feelings of loneliness and sorrow due to political frustration. The poet 2.__________(vivid生动的) describes the quiet environment as if it were lively, which not only shows his skill in 3.________(write) but also expresses his open-minded personality and emotions 4._________ are good at clearing up loneliness. The setting of this poem is among flowers, the prop (道具)is a pot of wine, and the only character on stage is the poet himself, who is drinking alone. With the addition of the words " without a companion of mine," the scene is very monotonous(单调的). So the poet suddenly has 5.__________idea, pulling the bright moon in the sky and his own shadow in the moonlight to join him, turning the three of them, including himself, into a group of three, toasting together, making the desolate scene suddenly lively. However, the moon does not understand drinking, and the shadow only 6.__________(follow) the body, still returning to loneliness. However, Li Bai's loneliness is not one of despair but of 7.__________(create) imagination. He changes his loneliness into a moment of companionship with nature itself，seeing the moon and his shadow as friends to share his drink. The poem uses personification（拟人化）, a figure of speech where non-human things 8._________(give) human qualities. Li Bai personifies the moon and his shadow, making them his friends. This is a creative way to express his feelings. The poem is simple and short, but it has a deep 9._________(mean). It shows Li Bai's ability to find joy in simple things and his imagination to turn loneliness into companionship. People like this poem 10__________ it is easy to understand and it speaks to everyone's feelings of loneliness. It also shows Li Bai's love for nature and his unique way of seeing the world. The poem is a reminder to appreciate the beauty around us, even when we are alone. Passage 6 《江雪》 柳宗元 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　孤舟蓑笠翁，独钓寒江雪。　 From hill to hill no bird in flight, From path to path no man in sight A lonely fisherman afloat, Is fishing snow in lonely boat‌? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Translated Xu Yuangchong "River Snow" is a famous poem written by Liu Zongyuan. He was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty of China.　He lived from 773 to 819. During his life, he had many ups and downs. He was once a government official, but he faced a lot of difficulties and even he 1.__________ (send) to a faraway place. His life was not easy, 2._______ he still loved nature and wrote many beautiful poems. In this poem, Liu Zongyuan paints a picture of a cold winter day. There are no birds flying from hill to hill.　There are no people 3.________(walk) on the paths. Everything seems quiet and lonely. But in the middle of this 4.________(snow) world, there is a man. He is wearing a straw cloak and he is fishing on the river. This man is like 5._________ poet himself. He is alone, but he is not afraid 6._______the cold and the loneliness. He is enjoying the beauty of nature. The way Liu Zongyuan writes this poem is very special. He uses simple words, but they create a strong image in 7.________(we) minds. He doesn't say much, but we can feel the cold, the quietness and the beauty of the snow. He also uses contrast. The big, empty world and the small, lonely man make us think more about life and nature. This poem shows us the 8._________( poet) feelings. He is sad and lonely, but he also finds peace and beauty in nature. Even when life is hard, we can still find something good and enjoy it. Many people 9.________( loved) this poem for hundreds of years. It teaches us to be strong and to love nature. It also makes us think about our own lives and how we can find 10. __________( happy) in the world around us. Passage 7 《春晓》 唐·孟浩然 春眠不觉晓， 处处闻啼鸟。 夜来风雨声， 花落知多少。 SPRING MORNING This spring morning in bed I‘m lying, Not to awake till birds are crying. After one night of wind and showers, How many are the fallen flowers? （translated by Xu Yuanchong） Meng Haoran was a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. He was from Xiangyang, a beautiful place in Hubei. Meng Haoran loved nature a lot, and most of his 1._________(poem) were about the wonderful scenes of nature and life in the countryside. His poems are simple but full of the beauty of nature, making them easy for people to love.​ "Spring Morning" is one of his 2.__________ (famous) poems. In the first two lines, "This spring morning in bed I‘m lying, Not to awake till birds are crying.", it shows that the poet slept very well in the spring. He was 3.__________comfortable that he didn't know it was already morning until the birds' singing woke him up. This makes us feel how relaxing spring mornings can be.​ The next two lines, "After one night of wind and showers, How many are the fallen flowers?", the poet thought about the wind and rain last night. He 4.__________(wonder) how many flowers had fallen because of them. It makes us feel a bit sorry 5. _________ those beautiful flowers.​ Easy and common words 6.________(use) by Meng Haoran in his poem. He just described things 7._______ can be seen and heard in spring, like the singing birds and the sound of wind and rain. But through these simple 8.__________(describe), he showed his deep love for nature. At the same time, he also let us feel his 9.________(sad) about the passing of beautiful things, like the fallen flowers.​ This poem has a big influence. It helps us see the beauty of spring 10.________(clear). It makes us want to enjoy and cherish nature. Even today, many people, especially kids, learn this poem. By reading it, they can feel the amazing charm of ancient Chinese poetry. Passage 8 《赋得古原草送别》 唐·白居易 离离原上草，一岁一枯荣。 野火烧不尽，春风吹又生。 远芳侵古道，晴翠接荒城。 又送王孙去，萋萋满别情。 Grass on the Ancient Plain in Farewell to a Friend By Bai Juyi Wild grasses spread over ancient plain; With spring and fall they come and go. Wild fire can’t burn them up again; They rise when vernal breezes blow. Their fragrance overruns the way; Their green invades the ruined town. To see my friend go far away; My sorrow grows like grass overgrown. The poem “Grass on the Ancient Plain in Farewell to a Friend” is a famous poem by Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty. Through the description of the weeds (野草) on the ancient plain, the poem expresses the1________ (feel) of farewell to a friend. 2________ (he) friendship is like the overgrown grass on the ancient plain. It can 3_________(see) as an ode (颂歌) to weeds and life. The first four lines focus 4________ the beauty of the life of the weeds through time, while the second four lines fix on their beauty of one time. The poem “Wild fire can’t burn them up again; They rise when vernal breezes blow.” shows a kind of “difficulty” and has been recited for thousands of years. This poem is the author’s practice work for the examination. According to the record, the author 5________(enter) the capital for the first time. 6_________ he visited the famous people Gu Kuang, he showed this poem. At first, Gu Kuang looked at the young man and said, “Living is not easy with rice prices here staying high.” Although he was joking about Bai Juyi’s name, he also meant something more: the capital was not 7._________ good place to make a living. However, after 8.___________(read) the two lines of “wildfire can’t burn”, he can’t help 9__________(appreciate) (欣赏) it and said: “Living can be easy with great sight (洞察力).” And it was 10____________(wide) praised. It can be seen that this poem was thought highly of at that time. Passage 9 《饮酒》   (陶渊明) 结庐在人境，而无车马喧。 问君何能尔，心远地自偏。 采菊东篱下，悠然见南山。 山气日夕佳，飞鸟相与还。 此中有真意，欲辨已忘言。 Drinking Wine In people’s haunt (常去之处) I build my cot; Of wheels and hoofs (马蹄的) noise I hear not. How can it leave on me no trace (痕迹)? Secluded (隐居的) heart makes secluded place. I pick fenceside (篱笆旁的) asters at will; Carefree I see the Southern Hill. The mountain air’s fresh day and night; Together birds go home in flight. What revelation (启示) at this view? Words fail me if I try to tell you. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) Tao Yuanming was a famous Chinese poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At that time, the society was a bit chaotic（混乱的）. Tao Yuanming didn't like the noisy and complicated court life, so he wanted to live a simple and quiet life in the countryside. This 1.__________(choose) had a big influence on his poems. The poem "Drinking Wine" 2.__________(write) when he left his job and started his reclusive(隐居的) life. The political situation wasn't good then, but he found comfort in nature. This poem shows his idea of living 3.________ (happy) with nature and being satisfied with a simple life. His writing style is easy and direct. He uses simple words 4.___________(tell) deep thoughts. In this poem, at the beginning, he said he lived in a place with people, but he didn't care about the noisy carriages and horses. It means he could keep calm inside no matter where he was. The words "Secluded heart makes secluded place" are really meaningful. They tell us that 5_________(we) inner feeling decides how we see the place around us. Then, he wrote about picking chrysanthemums by the fence and 6._________( look) at the faraway hill. This is not just about a nice view. It shows his 7____________(peace) and happy feeling inside. The fresh air and the flying birds going home also make us feel the harmony with nature. At the end of the poem, he said he 8__________(understand) something important but couldn't find the right words to say it. This is a common thing in poems. It makes the poem more meaningful. All in all, "Drinking Wine" shows Tao Yuanming's life and his thoughts. It gives us a feeling of peace and happiness that comes from living with nature and being true to ourselves. This poem is important 9__________ it can make people from different times and places feel 10.__________ same way and remember the simple joys and the beauty of peace. Passage 10 《天净沙·秋》 （朱庭玉） 庭前落尽梧桐， 水边开彻芙蓉。 解与诗人意同。 辞柯霜叶，飞来就我题红。 Tune: Sunny Sand, Autumn (Zhu Tingyu) In the courtyard the leafless plane trees loom; By waterside all lotuses are in full bloom. The frost-bitten maple leaf knows my heart, Willing from its bough to part And fly down for me to write verses on. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong)   As the fall season arrives, leaves start to change from green to yellow and red. While 1.________(walk) on the streets, people can see many leaves falling. Dancing in the wind, these leaves finally rest on the ground. Seeing such a scene, what thoughts fill 2.___________(people) minds? Let’s find out from the poem by Chinese poet Zhu Tingyu. Sunny Sand, Autumn is a poem about 3.__________(冠词) beauty of autumn written by Zhu Tingyu. With simple and easy-to-understand words and language, the author shows us the beautiful autumn 4_________ she saw. In the poem, it says that the plane trees in the courtyard have lost 5._________( they) leaves, while the lotus flowers by the water are blooming. The two scenes together make a great contrast, showing the cold feeling of autumn and also the beauty and 6.___________(happy) of the lotus flowers. “The frost-bitten maple leaf knows my heart” shows the author’s unique （独一无二）understanding and imagination of nature. The author gives life to the maple leaves. They are urged by the frost and coming to find the poet to write. This interaction(互动)7. _____________(介词) the poet and nature shows the author’s desire to live in harmony with nature. Using simple and clear language, the author shows us a beautiful autumn scene and the variety of autumn. In conclusion, Sunny Sand, Autumn is a creative and emotional poem about the beauty of autumn. Through the author’s careful 8___________(describe), we can 9.___________(deep) feel the beauty of nature and share the feeling of the season changing. The poem shows us that we don’t need complicated words and skills to see the beauty of nature, but only need 10._____________(feel )it with our hearts. Passage 11 《塞下曲》 (王昌龄) 饮马渡秋水，水寒风似刀。 平沙日未没，黯黯见临洮。 昔日长城战，咸言意气高。 黄尘足今古，白骨乱蓬蒿。 Song of the Frontier (II) (Wang Changling) We water horses and cross autumn streams, Like a sword on water blows the wind cold. On sandy plain the sun sheds parting beams, In the gloom looms the city wall of old. By the Great Wall we fought wars in the land; Our warriors’ fighting spirit was at its height. History is buried in the yellow sand; Among the weeds are scattered the bones white. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) Wang Changling was a well-known poet from the Tang Dynasty in ancient China, which was a time when art and literature flourished. He 1.___________(live) from 698 to 756 AD and wrote many poems about the2. _______(life) of soldiers and the struggles of war. In his poem “Song of the Frontier (II),” Wang Changling talks about soldiers during autumn, when they water their horses and feel the cold wind. The wind 3.__________(describe) as sharp as a knife, which shows how hard the conditions are for the soldiers. He also talks about the fading sun and the old city walls, which creates a kind of sad and fading atmosphere. The poem reflects on past battles and the bravery of the soldiers 4.__________were once full of fighting spirit. But now, all that’s left is the dust of history and the bones of the fallen soldiers scattered among the weeds. The whiteness of the bones shows that they have been there 5.__________ a long time, forgotten by history. He uses imagery, which means he creates pictures in 6_____________(we) minds with his words. He shows us the cold wind, the old walls, and the bones in the sand. All of this helps us feel the sad mood of the poem. The poem’s main idea is about 7____________( remember) the past. Wang Changling seems to be sad that the soldiers who were once full of 8___________(energetic) and fought hard are now forgotten, their bones lying with the land. He wants us 9___________(remember) these soldiers and think about how 10___________ (brave) they fought. It’s a way of showing respect for them and thinking about history. Passage 12 《春夜喜雨》 唐·杜甫 好雨知时节，当春乃发生。 随风潜入夜，润物细无声。 野径云俱黑，江船火独明。 晓看红湿处，花重锦官城。 Happy Rain on a Spring Night Good rain knows its time right; It will fall when comes spring. With wind it steals in night; Mute, it moistens each thing. O’er wild lanes dark cloud spreads; In boat a lantern looms. Dawn sees saturated reds; The town’s heavy with blooms. (Translated by Xu Yuanchong) Du Fu, one of the greatest poets in the Tang Dynasty of China, is famous for his poems about nature and life. His well-loved poem, “Happy Rain on a Spring Night”, writes about the beautiful scene of a timely rain in spring and the joy it brings. In the poem, the rain 1.________( describe) as “good” because it comes at the right time—when spring arrives. It falls quietly with the wind during the night, and wets everything gently without 2._______(make) a sound. This quiet rain shows 3._______kind and helpful it is to the earth. Later, the poem paints a night picture: the clouds make the country roads very dark, 4.________ the light from the boat on the river shines alone. This contrast makes the night scene more vivid. The last part of the poem looks forward to the next morning. It says that when dawn comes, people will see the red flowers all over Jinguan City—they become heavy because they are soaked with rain. This part lets readers 5.________(imagine) the bright and lively spring scene after the rain, full of hope and beauty. The poem “Happy Rain on a Spring Night” has 6._______ deep and long-lasting influence. The line “Mute, it moistens each thing”（“润物细无声”) is especially famous. Even today, this line is still widely used in daily life. It often describes people or things 7._______ help others quietly without asking for praise—like a teacher who patiently guides students, or a parent who takes care of their child 8._________(silent). The poem is loved by many because it is simple but full of warmth. It not only describes the beauty of spring rain but also shows 9.________(people) love for nature and the joy of seeing life grow. It is still popular today because it helps us feel the small but real happiness in life, and teaches us to appreciate the quiet 10.______(kind) around us. 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $