Unit4 单元知识梳理【趣味课堂】英语仁爱版2024八年级上册

新仁爱八上 Unit 4 Changing and Growing 单元知识梳理（练习版） Preparing for the Topic Listening & Speaking 1. The music makes me feel calm. 这种音乐让我感到平静。 (教材P56 Activity1B） calm adj.意为“镇静的；沉着的”。 feel calm 意为“感到平静”。 e.g. Her words made me feel calm. 她的话使我感到平静。 常用短语：stay/keep calm 保持冷静 e.g. He always stays/keeps calm under pressure. 他在压力之下总能保持冷静。 拓展：calm的其他词性及用法 calm 动词，意为“使平静；使镇静”。calm down 意为“（使）平静，镇静，安静”。 名词，意为“平静的时期；宁静的状态”。the calm before the storm 意为“暴风雨（或大动荡、激烈辩论）前的平静”。 E.g. Calm down! We will find her. 冷静一点！我们会找到她的。 It may be the calm before the storm.也许这是暴风雨前的平静。 【即时练习】 亲自参与让我感到平静，不像独自看视频。 Joining in person made me ________ ________, unlike watching videos alone. 2. What a fool I was to taste hot pepper! 我真傻，竟然尝了辣椒的味道！ (教材P56 Activity1B） 此句是由what引导的感叹句，其句型结构为“What＋a／an＋可数名词单数（＋主语＋谓语）！”。 其中 to taste hot pepper为动词不定式，在这里作原因状语，用来解释说明“我真傻”的原因。 E.g. What a beautiful girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的女孩啊！ 【即时练习】 别把他当傻子。 Don’t regards him as_____________. 3. I really regretted doing that. 我真后悔那样做。 (教材P56 Activity1B） regret，动词，意为“感到遗憾；惋惜；懊悔”。 regret doing sth.意为“后悔做过某事”，表示事情已做。 E.g. I deeply regret what I said. 我非常后悔说了那些话。 I regret telling you about the news. 我后悔把这个消息告诉了你。 拓展: ① regret作动词时的相关结构 regret sth. 后悔；惋惜 regret + that从句 遗憾..... regret to do sth. 遗憾/后悔要去做某物（事情未做） E.g. —If you don't do it now, you will regret it. 如果你现在不做的话，你会后悔的。 —I see. 我明白了。 —I regret that I can't go to your home. 很遗憾，我不能去你家。 —What a pity. 真可惜！ We regret to inform you that you failed the exam. 我们很遗憾地通知您，您没通过考试。 ② regret还可作名词，意为“痛惜；懊悔；遗憾；失望”。 拓展：regret作名词时的相关短语 with regret 遗憾 regret at (doing) sth. 对......失望 regret for (doing) sth. 对.....表示痛惜/遗憾 E.g. It is with great regret that I accept your resignation. 接受你的辞呈，我感到非常遗憾。 She expressed her regret at the plan. 她表达了对这个计划的失望。 —He said he felt deep regret for missing the activity. 他说错过这个活动他深感遗憾。 —Me, too. 我也是。 【即时练习】 1) Peter regretted ________ a lie to his mother. A. telling B. told C. to tell D. tells 2) I regret ________ you that we are unable to offer you the job. A. informing B. inform C. having informed D. to inform 4. I will never forget seeing so many world-famous paintings in the museum. 我将永远不会忘记在博物馆中看到过如此多举世闻名的绘画。 (教材P56 Activity1B） forget，及物动词，后可跟名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句作宾语。 E.g. I almost forgot my wallet yesterday. 我昨天差点就忘了我的钱包。 辨析: forget doing sth.和 forget to do sth.。 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（事情还未做） forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（事情已经做完） E.g. —Don't forget to close the window. （close动作还没发生）不要忘记关窗户。 —OK. 好的。 I forgot telling him about it.（tell动作已经完成）我忘了告诉过他这件事。 归纳：类似用法的动词短语有 短语 意思 用法 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 所指动作已经完成。 remember to do sth. 记得要去做笔事 所指动作尚未完成。 regret doing sth. 遗憾／后悔做过某事 指对做过的事情感到遗憾、后悔。 regret to do sth. 遗憾／后悔要去做某事 指对还没有做或者准备要做的事感到遗憾、后悔。 E.g. I remember locking the door. 我记得锁了门。 Remember to come backearly. 记得早点回来。 I regret telling her the news. 我后侮告诉了她这个消息。 I regret to tell you that you are late. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你迟到了。 【即时练习】1) Don’t forget ________ a basket with you when you go to the market. A. to bring B. to take C. taking D. bringing 2) —Why did you forget ________ the light again, Tom? —But Mum, I remember ________ the light when I left home. A. to turn on; to turn off B. to turn off; turning off C. turning off; turning off D.turning on; to turn off 5. I took a deep breath and the smell made me relaxed. 我深深地吸了一口气，这种香气让我放松。 (教材P56 Activity1B） breath，可数名词，意为“一次吸入的空气”。take a deep breath意为“深吸一口气”。 E.g. Before giving a speech on the stage, I took a deep breath. 在上台做演讲之前，我深吸了一口气。 拓展: breath作名词时的常用短语 a breath of (fresh) air 新鲜空气；透气 hold your breath 屏气；闭气 out of breath （运动后）喘不过气，透不过气来 take one’s breath away 令人惊叹；让人叹绝 E.g. Hold your breath and count to ten. 屏住呼吸，数到十。 We were out of breath after only five minutes. 我们五分钟后便气喘吁吁了。 【即时练习】—How was your climbing this Sunday? —By the time I got to the top of the hill, I was quite ________. A. away from work B. away from home C. out of breath D. out of balance 6. —Why do you look upset? 你为什么看起来很沮丧？—I'm feeling nervous about tomorrow's speech. 我对明天的演讲感到焦虑。 (教材P56 Activity1C） 1）nervous，形容词，意为“焦虑的；担忧的；惶恐的”。 E.g. I'm nervous about my future. 我对我的未来感到焦虑。 拓展: nervous的相关短语 be nervous about sth. 对某事感到忧虑 be nervous of sb./sth. 对某人／某物感到惶恐 be nervous about/of doing sth. 对做某事感到惶恐 E.g. I am nervous about my exams. 我对我的考试感到焦虑。 The horse may be nervous of cars. 这匹马可能害怕汽车。 He is nervous about giving a speech. 他害怕做演讲。 2）tomorrow’s意为“明天的”，表示所有关系，修饰后面的名词speech。 E.g. I'm excited about tomorrow's party. 明天的聚会让我感到兴奋。 【即时练习】 现在我在班里讲英语时不再感到紧张了！ Now I no longer _________ ________ when I speak English in class! 7. I have the flu. 我得了流感。 (教材P57 Activity2） flu，名词，意为“流感”。have the flu意为“患流感”。 E.g. Oh, no! I seem to have the flu. 噢，不！我似乎得了流感。 【即时练习】我不得不拒绝珍妮的邀请，因为我得了流感。 I have to turn down Jenny’s invitation because I ________ ________ ________. 8. You can have a try! 你可以尝试一下！ (教材P57 Activity2） have a try 意为“尝试一下，试试看”。此时try在这里作名词，意为“尝试；试图；努力”。 E.g. Don't be nervous. Just have a try! 不要紧张，尝试一下。 链接: try还可作动词，意为“试图；想要；设法；努力”。 归纳: try作动词时的相关短语 try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力做某事 try for sth. 试图获得；力争赢得 try to do sth. 设法做某事 try doing sth. 试图做某事 try on 试穿（衣物） try out for sth. 参加.....选拔（或试演） E.g. She tried her best to solve the problem. 她尽了她最大的努力去解决这个问题。 What are you trying to do? 你想要做什么？ I tried calling him,but there was no answer. 我试图给他打电话，但没人接。 Try the shoes on before you buy them. =Try on the shoes before you buy them. 鞋子要先穿上试一试再买。 【即时练习】如今汉服在年轻人中越来越受欢迎, 所以她迫不及待地想要试一下。 Nowadays, Hanfu is getting more and more popular with young people, so she can’t wait to ______ _____ ______. 9. feel lonely in a new school 在新学校感到孤独 (教材P57 Activity3） lonely，形容词，意为“孤独的；寂寞的”。feel lonely 意为“感到孤独”。 E.g. —When we move to a new place,we may feel lonely. 当我们搬去一个新地方时，我们也许会感到孤独。 —Yes. 是的。 辨析：alone和lonely 单词 词性 意思 用法 alone 副词 独自地，单独地 作状语 不带感 情色彩 形容词 独自的，单独的 作表语 lonely 形容词 孤独的；寂寞的； 偏僻的 作定语 或表语 具有感 情色彩 e.g. My uncle came alone.（副词作状语）我叔叔一个人来的。 He was alone in the room.（形容词作表语）他独自一人在房间里。 The old man always feels very lonely. （形容词作表语）那个老人总是感到很孤独。 【即时练习】外面一个人都没有，这座城市当时感觉像一座孤城。（完成译句） With nobody outside, it felt like a ________ city at that time. Function 1. What's the problem? 出了什么问题？ (教材P58 Activity 3） “What’s the problem？”，意为“出了什么问题？”。 E.g. —What’s the problem？出了什么问题？ —I broke the bowl. 我把碗打碎了。 拓展：“What’s the problem with sb.／sth.？”，意为“某人／某物出了什么问题？”，常用于询问某人或者某物出了什么问题、毛病或困难。 E.g What's the problem with you? 你怎么了？ What's the problem with the machine? 这台机器出了什么问题？ 归纳：具有相同意思的表述还有： What happened (to sb.)? What’s the matter (with sb.)? Is there anything wrong (with...)? What’s up? What’s the trouble (with...)? What’s wrong (with sb.)? 【即时练习】─You look ________. What's the problem？ ─I lost my bike. A. cool B. upset C. original D. happy 2. —Can you give me some suggestions?你能给我一些建议吗？—If you have any problem, you can always come to me. 如果你有任何问题，你都可以来找我。 (教材P58 Activity 3） 1）suggestion，可数名词，意为“建议；提议”。常用来针对某一问题或情况提出想法或建议。 E.g. Do you have any suggestions? 你有什么建议吗？ 拓展：suggestion的相关短语 make a suggestion 提建议 offer a suggestion 提供建议 suggestions for sth. 为某事提供建议 suggestions about/on sth. 关于某事的建议 E.g. —Can I make a suggestion? 我能提个建议吗？ —Of course. 当然可以。 We welcome any suggestions on these proposals. 对于这些方案的任何建议，我们一概欢迎。 →suggest v. 建议 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 归纳：提建议的常见表达有： Do you have any suggestions? Can you give me some suggestions? Can you tell me what I should do? Do you have any ideas for me? What do you think I should do? Can you give me some tips? Can you give me some advice? 2）come to sb．意为“找某人”。 E.g. You can come to me when you have any problem. 当你有任何困难时，你可以来找我。 【即时练习】1） My little brother suggested ________ for a walk. A. to go B. going C. goes D. went 2） —Let’s go to Qionghai Wetland Park to enjoy the sunshine after the exams. —________ interesting suggestion! A. What an B. How C. What 3. That's all right. 不客气。 (教材P58 Activity 3） “That’s all right.”，意为“不客气。”。 E.g. —Thanks for giving me so much advice. 感谢你给了我这么多建议。 —That's all right. 不客气。 链接：具有相同意思的表述有： You're welcome. That’s OK. Not at all. 【即时练习】—Thank you for ________, Millie.    —________. A. helping; That’s right B. your help; That’s all right C. helping me; All right D. helps; Right 4. You can keep in touch with them and make new friends here. 你可以跟他们保持联系并在这儿交新朋友。 (教材P58 Activity 3） keep in touch with 意为“跟······保持联系”。 E.g. Though we will go to different schools, we can still keep in touch with each other. 尽管我们将要去不同的学校，我们仍然可以保持联系。 归纳：touch作名词时的其他短语 be/stay in touch (with sb.) （与某人）保持联系 get in touch (with sb.) （与某人）取得联系 be/keep in touch (with sth.) 了解（某课题或领域的情况） be out of touch (with sb.) 失去联系；不再了解（某人的）情况 lose touch with (sb./sth.) 失去联系；不再了解（尤指一般人的想法） E.g. We should stay in touch with our friends. =We should be in touch with our friends. 我们应该和我们的朋友保持联系。 —Please get in touch with Tom right now. 请立马和汤姆取得联系。 —OK. 好的。 It's important to keep in touch with the latest research. 及时了解最新研究情况很重要。 I am out of touch with Tom. 我和汤姆失去了联系。 I lost touch with all my old friends. 我与所有的老朋友都失去了联系。 拓展：touch还可作动词，意为“触摸，碰；感动；触动；感染”。 常用短语：touch sb. on sth. 触碰某人某处 touch sb. for sth. 向.....要，劝说....借给（尤指钱） touch sth. off 触发，引发，引起（困难或暴力的局面） E.g. I touched him lightly on the arm. 我轻轻碰了碰他的手臂。 Don't touch me with your dirty hands. 不要用你的脏手碰我。 【即时练习】I always keep in touch with my friends though we are in different cities. ( ) A. catch up with B. stay in touch with C. get on well with 5. I guess so. 我想是这样。 (教材P58 Activity 3） I guess so.”，意为“我想是这样。”，这是一个常用的口语表达，通常表示一种不确定的同意或推测，语气比较随意。其中so 在此处为代词，代指前文提及的某个观点、事实或情况，避免重复。 E.g. —You can do sports every day to lose weight. 你可以每天做运动来减肥。 —I guess so. 我想是这样。 注意：“I guess so.”表达的是一种不确定的态度，说话者并不完全肯定，但倾向于同意或接受某种说法。此外，其意思可根据具体情景而译。 E.g. —Do you think it’s going to rain later？你觉得待会儿会下雨吗？ —I guess so. The sky looks pretty dark. 我想是吧，天看起来挺暗的。 【即时练习】—Look! This must be a girl’s room． — ________. It’ s so clean and tidy! A. I guess so B. Never mind C. It doesn’t matter tidy! D. Just so—so 6. Well, Lingling is nice, and her English is very good. 嗯，玲玲很友好，并且她的英语很棒。 (教材P58 Activity 3） nice，形容词，意为“好心的；和蔼的；友好的”，多用于形容人的性格、品质和气质。 E.g. I’m feeling not well. Be nice to me. 我不太舒服，对我友好一点。 It was nice of them to invite us. 他们真好，邀请了我们。 链接：nice作形容词时的其他意思及用法 令人愉快的；宜人的；吸引人的 用于形容词或副词前以加强语气 坏的；令人不愉快的（常表讽刺） 细微的；精细的 E.g. Did you have a nice time？（令人愉快的）你玩得愉快吗？ It’s a nice little place you have here.（用于形容词或副词前加强语气）你的这个小地方很惬意。 That’s a nice thing to say！（坏的；令人不愉快的）这种话也说得出口！ It’s a nice point of law.（细微的；精细的）这是法律上难以决断之处。 拓展：nice的常见短语及用法 have a nice time 玩得愉快 be nice to sb. 对某人友好 It’s nice of sb. (to do sth.) 某人（做某事）真好。 It’s nice to do sth. 做某事很开心。 It’s nice + that从句 .......真是太好了。 E.g. It's nice of you to carry the heavy bag for the old man.你帮那位老人提重袋子，你真是太好了。 It’s nice to watch a movie. 看电影我很开心。 It's nice that you come with us. 你能和我们一起去真是太好了。 【即时练习】 —Would you like to play Chinese chess with me? —________. A. That sounds nice B. No, I don’t C. OK! It’s boring D. Fine, thanks 7. I can recommend her to you. 我可以把她推荐给你。 (教材P58 Activity 3） recommend，动词，意为“推荐；举荐；介绍”。 recommend sb.／sth. to sb. 意为“给某人推荐某人／某物”。 E.g. I recommend the book to all my students. 我把这本书推荐给我所有的学生。 拓展：recommend作动词时还可意为“劝告；建议”。 常用短语：recommend doing sth. 建议做某事 recommend against sth./against doing sth. 建议不做某事 recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 E.g. He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie just now. 他刚刚建议先看这本书，再去看这部电影。 My doctor recommended against surgery. 我的医生建议不要动手术。 I recommend you to book the tickets early. 我建议你早点订票。 【即时练习】1）Ms. Chen strongly recommends ________ Three Days to See by Helen Keller. A. reads B. reading C. read D. to read 2) Our teachers recommend us ________ the cultures in some parts of China. A. for enjoy B. to enjoy C. enjoying D. enjoy Exploring the Topic Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 1. His friend, Li Ming, came up to him and cheered him up. 他的朋友李明，过来找他并让他开心起来。 (教材P60 Activity 1） come up to sb.意为“（为攀谈而）走到跟前，走近”。 E.g. He came up to me and asked me the way to station. 他走到我跟前向我打听去车站的路。 【即时练习】-- I saw you in the hall but was in a hurry. -- Oh, I wondered why you didn't ________ me and say hello. A. come over to B. come up to C. come up with D. come into 2. Kangkang laughed again and walked with Li Ming happily. 康康再次笑了起来，和李明开心地走了。 (教材P60 Activity 1） laugh，动词，意为“笑；发笑”。 E.g. Hearing the news, I laughed happily. 听到这个消息，我开心地笑了。 归纳：laugh 作动词时的相关短语 laugh at sb./sth. 嘲笑；讥笑 laugh sth. off 一笑置之 E. g. She is not afraid to laugh at herself. 她勇于自嘲。 He laughed off these suggestions. 他对这些建议一笑置之。 拓展：laugh还可作名词，意为“笑，笑声”： 常用短语：with a laugh 笑着 give a laugh 大笑一声 E.g. She said with a laugh. 她笑着说。 He was happy and he gave a laugh. 他很开心，还大笑了一声。 【即时练习】We shouldn’t ________ their mistakes. A. to laugh B. laugh C. laugh at D. to laugh at 3. In the beginning, she was always lonely because she didn't have any friends. 一开始，她总是觉得孤独因为她没有任何朋友。 (教材P60 Activity 2） in the beginning 意为“开始；开端；起初”。相当于 at first／at the start／at the beginning： E.g. In the beginning, we tried the easy one. = At first,we tried the easy one. = At the start,we tried the easy one. = At the beginning,we tried the easy one. 一开始，我们尝试了简单的。 拓展：与beginning相关的其他短语 at the beginning of... = at the start of... .......的开始 from the beginning = from the start 从一开始 E.g. At the beginning of the year,we cleaned the house. = At the start of the year,we cleaned the house. 新年伊始，我们打扫了房子。 Let's start again from the beginning. = Let's start again from the start. 让我们再从头开始吧。 【即时练习】Things didn’t go well for us in the beginning. （改为同义句） Things didn’t go well for us ________ ________. 4. Now, Li Hong has many friends at school and gets along well with us. 现在，李红在学校有了很多朋友，和我们相处得很融洽。 (教材P60 Activity 2） get along well with sb. 意为“与某人相处融洽”，可与get on well with sb.互换。 E.g. Li Li gets along well with her classmates. = Li Li gets on well with her classmates. 李丽和她的同学们相处融洽。 【即时练习】1) He _______ his classmates. A. get along well with B. get well with C. is getting along well with D. is get well with 2) 请不要再嘲笑你的同学了。你应该和他们和睦相处。 Please don’t laugh at your classmates anymore. You should ________ ________ ________ ________ them. 5. Many important life changes take place during this teenage stage. 青春期有许多重要的人生变化。 (教材P61 Activity 1） take place 意为“发生；进行”。 E.g. Some changes took place in my hometown. 我的家乡发生了一些变化。 辨析：take place 和happen 单词／ 短语 意思 用法 happen 发生 指预想不到或出乎意料的事情发生，带有偶然性，常与to 连用，通常不用于被动语态。 take place 发生；举行 多指举行活动，指事先计划或预想到的事情发生，带有必然性，通常不用于被动语态。 E.g. The accident happened yesterday. 事故发生在昨天。 The meeting took place at 8:00 a.m. as planned. 会议按计划在上午八点举行。 【即时练习】The school sports meeting ________ next Saturday. A. will hold B. be held C. will take place D. takes place 6. As teenagers grow in age, their bodies reach their full adult height. 随着青少年年龄的增长，他们的身体会达到成人的高度。 (教材P61 Activity 2） 1） age，名词，意为“年龄”。 E.g. You are the same age as my brother. 你和我弟弟一样大。 链接：age的相关短语 at the age of... 在.....岁时 under/over the age of... 在.....岁以下/以上 E.g. I learned the violin at the age of 7. 我7岁时就学了拉小提琴。 Children over the age of 12 must pay full fare. 12岁以上儿童需要购全票。 2） height，名词，意为“身高；高度”。 E.g. The tree is about two meters in height. 这棵树大约2米高。 拓展：height的相关短语 at a height of 以......的高度 in the height of 在......的高峰期 in height ......高 from a ...height 从.....的高度 of medium height 中等身高 E.g. The plane flew at a height of 3,000meters. 飞机在3000米高空飞行。 I won't go there in the height of summer. 我不会在盛夏时节去那里。 It is almost two meters in height. 它差不多两米高。 The stone was dropped from a great height. 那块石头是从很高的地方落下来的。 辨析：height和high 单词 词性 意思 用法 height 名词 身高；高度 用于表示具体的高度数值或者抽象的高度概念。 the height of sth. 意为“某物的高度”： high 形容词 高的；高级的 可直接修饰名词，用于描述具有一定高度的事物。 a high mountain 意为“一座高山”。 副词 高；向高处 可直接修饰动词，用于描述动作达到的高度。 jump high 意为“跳得高”。 【即时练习】1) He began to learn French ________ the age of five. A. at B. in C. on D. for 2) Mr. Black is ________ medium height and ________ a long face. A. of; with B. of; has C. in; of D. at; with 7. Also, hair grows on certain areas of their bodies, and their voices change too. 另外，体毛会在身体特定的部位长出来，他们的声音也会发生变化。(教材P61 Activity 2） hair，在此处作不可数名词，意为“体毛；头发”。 E.g. He has brown hair. 他留着棕色的头发。 注意： hair还可作可数名词，意为“（一根）毛，头发”。 E.g. There is a hair in my soup. 在我的汤里有根头发。 【即时练习】Jimmy has ________ short hair and ________ round face. A. a; / B. /; a C. the; a D. the; / 8. As a teenager, you also have growing pains. 作为一名青少年，你也有成长的烦恼。 (教材P61 Activity 3） pain，名词、意为“痛苦；苦恼；烦恼；疼痛”。表示身体部位疼痛时，常用介词in。 E.g. He was clearly in a lot of pain. 他显然疼痛万分 辨析：pain，ache，sore和hurt 单词 词性 意思 用法 pain 名词 痛苦；苦恼；烦恼； 疼痛 可指各种程度和类型的疼痛，泛指身体上或精神上的痛苦、悲痛等。 ache 名词／ 动词 疼痛 通常指持续的，隐隐的身体疼痛，常与身低部位构成复合词，如headache、toothache等。 sore 形容词 （发关）疼痛的；酸痛的 通常指由于发关而引起的肌肉疼痛，表示身体某一部位疼痛时，放本身体部位名词前面： hurt 动词／ 名词 （使）疼痛，受伤 既可指身体上受到伤害、疼痛，也可表示感情上受到伤害：强调伤害的结果或疼痛感： E.g. I have a pain in my back. 我背疼。 I have an ache in my stomach. = My stomach aches. 我胃疼。 I have a sore throat. 我喉咙痛。 I hurt my leg. 我腿受伤了。 There was hurt and real anger in her voice. 她的声音里有难过，也有真正的愤怒。 【即时练习】—What’s wrong with you? —I’ve caught a cold and I’ve got a pain ________ my throat. A. in B. on C. at 9. You face problems like schoolwork stress, pressure from other people and so on. 你会面临一些问题，像学业压力、来自其他人的压力等等。(教材P61 Activity 3） 1） stress，名词，意为“精神压力；心理负担”。 E.g. Mike is under stress. 迈克处于压力中。 辨析：stress 和 pressure 单词 词性 意思 用法 stress 名词 精神压力； 心理负担 侧重于描述人的心理或精神方面的压力感受，是一种内在的状态。 pressure 名词 心理压力； 紧张；压力 侧重于外界因素施加的压力，有一种客观存在的、具有一定强度的压力感。 E.g. The boy is suffering from lots of stress. 这个男孩正承受着很大压力。 You need to be able to handle pressure in this job. 做这项工作要能承受压力。 2） and so on意为“等等，诸如此类”。用于列举多个事物或情况，不需要或者不想全部列举内容之后。常与such as、like等搭配，强化列举的意味。 E.g. I like green, red, white and so on. 我喜欢绿色、红色、白色等。 I like eating different kinds of fruits, such as apples, bananas, grapes and so on. 我喜欢吃不同种类的水果，例如苹果、香蕉、葡萄等。 【即时练习】We students hardly know why our parents give us ________. A. such much pressure B. so many pressures C. so much pressure D. such many pressures 10. Then, how can you deal with the growing pains? 那么，你怎样处理成长的烦恼呢？ (教材P61 Activity 3） deal，动词，意为“对待；对付”。 deal with 意为“处理，解决；应付”，常与how连用，强调处理问题的方式或方法。 E.g. How can they deal with the problem? 他们怎么处理这个问题？ 辨析：do with 和deal with 短语 意思 用法 do with 处理，解决；应付 常与what连用，侧重对事物的利用或处置。 deal with 常与how连用，强调处理问题的方式或方法。 E.g. What do they do with the waste? 他们怎么处理这些废弃物？ How did Amy deal with the broken plate pieces? 艾米是如何处理那些盘子碎片的？ 拓展：deal还可作名词，意为“协议；（尤指）交易”。 E.g. I will make a deal with you. 我将和你签个协议。‌‌ 【即时练习】1) I have no idea how ________ the trouble. A. to do with B. can I deal with C. I can do with D. to deal with 2) My dog had a fight with Mike’s cat. He didn’t know ________ to do with his cat, and I didn’t know ________ to deal with my dog. A. how; how B. how; what C. what; how 11. Lastly, don't compare yourself with others. 最后，不要拿你自己和他人相比。 (教材P61 Activity 3） compare，动词，意为“比较；对比”。 compare...with...意为“把······和······相比”。 E.g. It's interesting to compare their situation and ours. 把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思。 My parens often compare me with my friend. 我父母经常把我和我的朋友相比。 辨析：compare... with... 和 compare...to... 短语 意思 用法 compare...with... 把.......与.......相比 常用于两个同类事场之间的比较，侧重区别，强调差异或相似性。 compare...to... 把......比作..... 常用于两个不同性质的事动的抽象比较，通常用于比喻或类比。 E.g. Compare this phone wih that one in terms of battery life. 对比两部手机的续航。 People often compare teachers to candles. 人们经常把老师比作蜡烛。‌‌ 【即时练习】1) —Many parents often compare their own children ________ other kids. —I agree with you. A. for B. as C. in D. with 2) We often compare children ________ the rising sun. A. to B. with C. in D. as Theme Reading 1. When you met some troubles at school, how did you solve them? 当你在学校遇到一些麻烦时，你怎样解决他们呢？ (教材P62 Activity 1） trouble，名词，意为“问题，因难；困境”。meet some troubles 意为“遇到一些问题”。 E.g. I met some troubles when I went to Yinman。 我去云南时遇到了一些问题。 归纳：trouble的相关短语 have a trouble (in) doing sth. = have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有麻烦 give (sb.) trouble 给（某人）造成麻烦 take trouble doing/to do sth. 尽心尽力地做某事 E.g. We have trouble getting there on time. 按时到达那儿有点困难。 The children gave me some trouble. 孩子们给我造成了一些麻烦。 They take a lot of trouble to find the right person for the right job. 他们竭尽全力寻找合适的人选。 【即时练习】I have trouble ________ the speaker. A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. for understanding 2. Last October, I signed up for a music club. 去年十月，我报名参加了一个音乐俱乐部。(教材P62 Activity 2 问题） sign up for... 意为“报名参加......”。此对sign在这里作动词，意为“和......签约（达成雇佣关系）”。 E.g. What club did yow sign up for? 你报名参加了什么俱乐部？ United have just signed a new goalie. 联队最近和一名新守门员签约。 拓展：sign作动词时的相关短语 sign for sth. 签约 sign up to do sth. 同意参与 E.g. —He signed for United yesterday. 昨天他和联队签了约。 —Good. 大好了。 We have about 100 people signed up to help so far. 到目前为止，我们有大约100人同意提供帮助。 链接：sign还可作名词，意为“迹象; 征光；指示牌；标志”。 E.g. It is a clear sign that he came back. 这是表明他回来了的清晰迹象。 The sign on the wall said "Now wash your hands". 墙上的指示牌上写着“请洗手”。 【即时练习】他是第二个报名参加该课程的人。 He is the second person to ________ ________ ________ the course. 3. Mrs. Zhang advised me to have a talk with my parents. 张老师建议我和父母交流一下。 (教材P62 Activity 2 问题） 1）advise，动词，意为“劝告；忠告；建议”。advise sb.to do sth. 意为“建议某人做某事”。 E.g. My teacher advised me to read this book. 我的老师建议我读这本书。 链接：advise的名词形式为advice，意为“建议”，为不可数名词。 E.g. Can you give me some advice? 你能给我一些建议吗？ 辨析：advise 和 suggest 单词 词性 意思 用法 advise 动词 劝告；忠告；建议 advise sb. (not) to do sth. 建议某人（不）做某事 advise＋that从句 建议······ suggest 动词 建议；提议 suggest sth. (to sb.) （向某人）建议······ suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 suggest＋that从句建议······ E.g. My friend advised me to sign up for the music club. 我朋友建议我去报名参加音乐俱乐部。 The lawyer advised that he should tell the truth. 律师建议他讲出真相。 I suggest going for a walk. 我建议去散散步。 I suggest that you should take a break. 我建议你休息一下。 2）have a talk (with sb.) 意为“（和某人）谈话”。此时talk在这里作名词，意为“交谈；谈话；讨论”。 E.g. He looked upset, so we had a talk. 他看起来很沮丧，所以我们谈了一下。 【即时练习】1) I advised her ________ so much time choosing what to wear every morning. A. to not spend B. not to spend C. not spend D. spend 2) I often get lots of ________ from my teacher. She often ________ me to study hard. A. advices; advises B. advice; advises C. advise; advices D. advise; advice 4. My parents finally understood my love for music. 我父母最终理解了我对音乐的热爱。 (教材P62 Activity 2 问题） love for sb.／sth. 意为“对某人／某物的爱”。此时love在这里作名词，意为“爱；热爱；慈爱”。 E.g. Lili shows the love for art. 丽丽展示出对艺术的热爱。 链接：love还可作动词，意为“爱；热爱”。 归纳：love作动词时的常用短语 love sth. 喜欢某物 love to do sth. 喜欢做某事 love sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人某事 love doing sth. 喜欢做某事 【即时练习】她对舞蹈的热爱使她参加了很多舞蹈比赛。 Her love ________ ________ has made her take part in many dance competitions. 5. Congratulations on moving to your new house! 恭喜你搬进新房！ (教材P62 Activity 2） congratulation，名词，意为“祝贺；恭贺”。congratulations on doing sth.意为“祝贺做某事”。 E.g. Congratulations on getting a good grade. 祝贺你取得了好成绩。 拓展：congratulation的相关短语 congratulations on sth. 祝贺某事 offer/send one's congratulations to sb. 向某人表达祝贺 E.g. Congratulations on your exam results. 祝贺你考出了好成绩。 Please send my congratulations to Lily. 请向莉莉表达我的祝贺。 链接：congratulation的动词形式为congratulate，意为“祝贺”。 congratulate sh.（cm sh）意为“向(某人)道贺；祝贺”。 E.g. I congratulatad them on their good grades. 我祝贺他们取得了好成绩。 【即时练习】祝贺你在数学竞赛中赢得一等奖。 _________________ ________ winning the first prize in the math competition. 6. They said, "It is a waste of time." 他们说：“这是浪费时间”。 (教材P62 Activity 2） a waste of意为“浪费”，此时waste在这里作名词，意为“白费：糟蹋”。 E.g. It's a waste of money. 这是糟蹋钱。 链接：waste的其他词性 waste 动词，意为“浪费；滥用；糟蹋” 形容词，意为“废弃的；丢弃的；无用的” E.g. You’re wasting your time.（作动词）你在浪费时间。 This is a waste ground.（作形容词）这是一片荒地。 【即时练习】1）我以前讨厌做家务，因为我觉得那是浪费时间。 I used to hate doing housework because I thought it was ______ ________ ______ ________. 2）有一些化工厂在向溪流排放污水。 There are chemical factories pouring ________ ________ into the stream. 7. I gathered my courage to talk to them. 我鼓起勇气去和他们交流。 (教材P62 Activity 2） courage，名词，意为“勇气；勇敢”。gather one’s courage to do sth 意为“鼓起勇气做某事”。 E.g. Kangkang garherad his courage to make a speech yestanday. 康康昨天鼓起勇气去做了演讲： 拓展：courage的相关短语 have the courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事 take the courage to do sth. 鼓起勇气做某事 lack the courage to do sth. 缺乏做某事的勇气 【即时练习】 The doctors and nurses showed great ________ in the face of danger. A. courage B. connection C. discussion D. guide 8. I can't spare much time for my study because of the singing activities. 由于唱歌活动，我抽不出很多时间来学习。 (教材P62 Activity 2） spare，动词，意为“推出：留出”。spare sth.／sb. for sb./sth. 意为“为......抽出/留出.......”。 E.g. I can’t spare tre much time. 我不能留出太多时间。 Can you spare a few minutes for me? 你能给我空出几分钟吗？ We can only spare one room for you. 我们只能匀给你们一间房。 拓展：spare作动词时的其他常用短语 spare sb. sth. 给某人匀出...... spare sb./sth. to do sth. 抽出.....来做某事 E.g. Can you spare a person to help us? 你能不能匀出一个人来帮我们？ 拓展：spare还可作形容词，意为“空闲的：空余的；闲置的”。 in one’s spare time ＝ in one’s free time 意为“在某人空闲的时间”。 E.g. I’m afaid I don't have any spare money. 恐怕我没有多余的钱。 He studies music in his spare time. = He studies music in his free time. 他在空闲时学音乐。 【即时练习】________ my spare time, I often travel around with my parents. A. In B. On C. At D. From 9. Li Xiang wrote to Uncle Wang for help because he had a problem. 李想写信向王叔叔求助，因为他遇到了一个问题。(教材P63 Activity 4） write to sb.意为“写信给某人”，可与wite a letter to sb.互换： E.g. I wrote to my friend yesterdry. = I wrote a letter to my friand yesterday. 我昨天给我朋友写了一封信： 链接：hear from sb.意为“收到某人的来信”，可与get／receive a letter from sb.互换。 E.g. I will hear from my friend soon. = I will receive a letter from my friend soon. = I will get a letter from my friend soon. 我很快会收到我朋友的来信。 【即时练习】请尽快写信告诉我有关你本人的情况。 Please ________ ________ me soon and tell me about yourself. Grammar in Use 1. He wishes he could be more helpful. 他希望他能够发挥更多作用。(教材P64 Activity 1） wish，动词，意为“希望”，后可跟宾语从句，一般用于表达不能实现或没有把握实现的愿望。 E.g. He wished that he could buy a car. 他希望他能买一辆车。 常用结构：wish sb. + 名词：Wish you good luck!（祝你好运！） wish sb. + to do sth.：I wish you to have a great trip.（我祝你旅途愉快。） wish + (that) 从句（从句常用 would/could + 动词原形，表 “希望某事能发生”）：I wish the rain would stop soon.（我希望雨快点停。） 链接：wish还可作可数名词，意为“愿望；希望”。 E.g. She expressed a wish to be alone. 她表示希望一个人待着。 【即时练习】丑小鸭希望自己能像天鹅一样。 The ugly duckling wished he could ________ ________ the swans. 2. Your boss doesn't allow any careless mistakes, so you'd better be very careful in your work. 你的老板不允许犯任何粗心的错误，所以你最好在工作上非常细心。 (教材P64 Activity 1） had better do sth.意为“最好做某事”。其否定形式为had better not do sth.，意为“最好不要做某事” E.g. You had better go there early. 你最好早点去那里。 You had better not smoke. 你最好不要吸烟。 【即时练习】You had better ________ up. There is enough time for you to do the project. A. hurry B. to hurry C. not to hurry D. not hurry 3. Li Hong was joyful because she got a good grade in the exam. 李红很开心，因为她在考试中取得了好成绩。 (教材P64 Activity 2） get a good grade意为“取得好成绩”。此时grade这里在作名词，意为“成绩等级；评分等级”。 E.g. I hope you can get a good grade. 我希望你能取得好成绩。 链接：grade作名词时还可意为“年级”。 E.g. Tom is in Grade Eight. 汤姆在八年级。 拓展：grade还可作动词，意为“给······评分；给······分数；（按能力、质量、大小等）分级，分等，分类”。E.g. I spent all the week grading the papers. 我整个周末都在评阅试卷。 I will grade them according to the size. 我将根据尺寸给它们分类。 【即时练习】老师叫我继续努力学习以取得好成绩。 The teacher told me to keep working hare to ________ ______ ________ ________. 4. No one should smoke in public. 任何人都不应该在公众场合吸烟。 (教材P64 Activity 2） 1）no one意为“没有人”，相当于nobody。 E.g. No one／Nobody likes staying at home alone. 没有人喜欢独自一人待在家里。 辨析：no one 和none 单词／短语 意思 用法 no one 没有人 指代人，无明确对象，指代范围宽泛。 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 后面不接of短语。 常用于回答who引导的疑问句，表示“无人”。 none 没有人， 没有东西 可指人或物。 指代可数名词时，指三者（或三者以上）中一个也没有。 作主语时，若指代可数名词，谓语动词可单可复； 若指代不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。 后面可接of短语。 常用于回答how many／much 引导的疑问句，强调数量为零 或全否定。 E.g. —Who went to the net bar yesterdsy? 昨天谁去过那家网吧？ —No one. 没有人。 —How many stodents in our class are American? 我们班有多少学生是美国人？ —None. 一个也没有。 2）in public意为“公开地；在公共场合”：此时 public这里作名词： E.g. It's impolite to talk with others loudly in public. 在公共场合和他人大声交谈不礼貌： The palace is now open to the public .这座宫殿现在对外开放。 链接：public还可作形容词，意为“公开的；公共的”。 常用短语：in public places 在公共场所 a public telephone 公用电话 【即时练习】1）—Wow, so cool! Who taught you to play the guitar?  —________. I learned it by myself. A. None B. No one C. Nothing 2) The boys were so hungry that they finished almost ________ on the plates. And ________ of them said a word during the meal. A. everything; none B. everything; no one C. anything; none 5. Youth is an important period of time for growing up. 青春期是成长的一个重要阶段。 (教材P64 Activity 3） grow up意为“成长；长大；其后；随后”。 E.g. I want to be a teacher when I grow up. 我长大后想成为一名老师。 【即时练习】吉娜擅长数学，她长大后想成为一名工程师。 Gina is good at maths and she wants to be an engineer when she ________ ________. 6. However, you will understand the true value of knowledge later on. 但是，你以后会理解知识真正的价值。(教材P64 Activity 3） 1）the value of 意为“······的价值”。 E.g. You don't know the value of time. 你不知道时间的价值： 2）later on 意为“后来；以后；其后；随后” E.g. I will get the book back later on. 我将过一会儿去把书取回来。 【即时练习】生命的价值并不取决于你是谁，而是你做什么。 ________ ________ ________ life doesn’t depend on who you are, but what you do. 7. In a word, youth is a priceless experience. 总之，青春期是一段无价的经历。(教材P64 Activity 3） In a word 意为“简言之；一句话；总之”，可与in short互换。 E.g. In a word, you should be confident = In short, you should be confident. 简言之，你应该自信。 归纳：word的相关短语 beyond words 难以言表 have a word in one’s ear 和....说私话；与......密谈 in other words 也就是说；换言之 word for word 一字不差地 keep one’s word 遵守承诺 E.g. We were bored beyond words. 我们厌倦得无以言表。 Don't have a word in your friend's eat. 不要和你的朋友说私话。 They asked him to leave—in other words, he was fired. 他们叫他走人，也就是说，他被解雇了。 He repeated their conversation word for word to me. 他一字不差地把他们的对话向我复述了一遍。 You should keep your word. 你应该遵守承诺。 【即时练习】In a word, we should protect the animals in danger. ( ) A. By the way B. In fact C. In short D. In my view 8. You should make the most of it. 你应该充分利用它。(教材P64 Activity 3） make the most of意为“充分利用”，可与make full use of互换。 E.g. You had better make the most of the time. = You had better make full use of the time. 你最好充分利用时间。 拓展：at（the）most意为“至多；不超过”。 E.g. There were 50 people there, at the very most. 那儿最多有50个人。 【即时练习】当有人对你说"YOLO"时，意味着你要利用好每一天并且好好享受每一天。 (完成译句) When someone says "YOLO"，it means you should _______ ______ _______ ______ every day and enjoy it. 9. What were you doing at this time yesterday? 你昨天这时正在干什么？(教材P65 Activity 1） was／were＋doing sth.意为“过去正在做某事”，为过去进行时的结构。 E.g. They were watching TV when I came back yesterday. 当我昨天回来时他们正在看电视。 【即时练习】1）Suzy ________ her bedroom at this time yesterday, so she didn’t go shopping. A. tidies B. tidied C. is tidying D. was tidying 2）While I ________ dinner, my brother ________ video games at this time yesterday. A. cook; was playing B. was cooking; was playing C. cook; plays D. am cooking; plays 10. We felt moved when we were watching it. 我们观看的时候感到很感动。(教材P65 Activity 1） moved，形容词，意为“感动的”，主语一般为人。 E.g. I was moved when they helped me. 当他们帮助我的时候我很感动。 辨析：moved和moving 单词 意思 用法 moved 感动的 常修饰人。 moving 感人的；令人伤感的 常修饰物。 E.g. The students felt moved when watching the moving movie. 学生们看这部令人感动的电影时非常感动。 It's a moving book. 这是一本感人的书。 【即时练习】—What do you think of the film Volunteer Army during the National Day? —The film ________ is good, and I felt ________ when I saw so many soldiers lose their lives to defend the country against its enemies. A. itself; boring B. itself; moved C. itself; exciting D.themselves; interested Developing the Topic Oral Communication & Reading for Writing 1. Jameson is Mike’s friend, and he will help Mike to get a ticket. 詹姆士是迈克的朋友，他会帮助迈克买票。(教材P66 Activity 1 B） ticket, 名词，意为“票，券”。 E.g. I want to book the ticket right now. 我想马上订票。 拓展：ticket的相关短语 a plane/train/bus ticket 飞机/火车/公共汽车票 a ticket office 售票处 a ticket to/for 一张......的票 a ticket for speeding = a speeding ticket 超速驾驶罚款单 E.g. My mother bought a ticket to The Sound of Music. 我妈妈买到了一张《音乐之声》的票。 He got a ticket for the concert from his friend. 他从他朋友那得到了一张音乐会的入场券。 【即时练习】Yesterday Jane felt very happy, because she got a ticket ________ the film Ne Zha 2. A. at B. to C. about 2. I often argued with my parents for nothing. 我经常无缘无故地和父母争吵。(教材P67 Activity 1） argue，动词，意为“争论；争吵；争辩”。argue with sb. 意为“和某人争吵”。 E.g. I don't want to argue with you. 我不想和你争吵。 拓展：argue的相关短语 argue for/against sth. 据理力争/反对 argue sth. 争辩某事 argue + that从句 认为...... argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 E.g. They argue for their right. 他们为了他们的权利据理力争。 He argued that it was right. 他认为这是对的。 He was too tired to argue the point. 他太累了，不想讨论这个问题。 They argued him into taking part in the activity. 他们说服他参加这个活动。 【即时练习】1) Don’t argue ________ your parents when they give you advice. It’s polite to listen to them first. A. about B. for C. with D. at 2) The two boys didn’t argue ________ the result of the game. They both thought it was fair. A. to B. with C. about D. of 3. Little by little, I became more confident. 渐渐地，我变得更加自信。 (教材P67 Activity 1） little by little 意为“渐渐；逐渐地”。 E.g. Little by little, the snow disappeared. 雪渐渐融化了。 拓展：类似结构有 day by day 一天天；逐日 one by one 逐个地 year by year 一年年地；逐年地 side by side 并排；并肩地 注意：这些短语结构相同，都由“名词 + by + 名词”构成，语法功能相似，在句中多充当状语。 E.g. Her English is improving day by day. 她的英语正在一天天进步。 Guests arrived one by one. 客人逐个到来。 Our hometown changed year by year. 我们的家乡年年发生变化。 They stand side by side. 他们并排站着。 【即时练习】When we realize yesterday is gone forever, we find we are growing up ________. A. little by little B. step by step C. one by one D. side by side 4. Now, I don't worry about my weight anymore. 现在，我不再担心我的体重。(教材P67 Activity 1） not...anymore意为“不再······”，强调过去的状态或行为现在已终止，通常用于否定句或否定表达中。其基本结构为“主语＋助动词／be动词＋not＋...＋anymore.”。 E.g. I was afraid of dogs in the past,but I am not scared them anymore now. 我过去怕狗，但现在不怕了。 常见用法：①表示过去存在的情况现在不再继续。 E.g. She doesn't live here anymore. 她不再住在这里了。 I can't write anymore. 我再也写不下去了。 ②与延续性动词（如be、work）连用，表示状态的变化。 E.g. He isn’t a student anymore. 他不再是一名学生了。 They don’t work together anymore. 他们不再一起工作了。 ③用于过去时或完成时。 E.g. We haven’t seen each other anymore since last year. 自去年以来，我们再也没有见过面。 【即时练习】—你过去害怕独处嘛？      —是的，但是，现在不害怕了。 —Did you use to be afraid of being alone?     —Yes, but now ________ __________. 5. Luckilly, my elder sistet, Zhenzhen, noticed how l was feeling. 幸运的是，我的姐姐真真注意到了我的感受。(教材P67 Activity 1） 1）luckily，副词，意为“幸好，幸运地”，常位于句首作状语。 E.g. Luckily, I am a good swimmer. 幸好我是个游泳好手。 链接：luckily 的相关单词 luck，不可数名词，意为“运气”。 lucky，形容词，意为“幸运地”。 2）elder，形容词，意为“年纪较长的”。 E.g. My elder brother is kind to me. 我的哥哥对我银好。 拓展：the elder 意为“较年长者”，指两者中较年长的一个，后面一般不紧跟名词。 E.g. Tom is the elder of his two sons. 汤姆是他两个儿子中较大的。 注意：the elder 还可用于人名前或后，指同名的两个人中年龄较大的一个。 the elder Jim = Jim the elder 老吉姆 链接：elder还可作可数名词，意为“长辈；长者；元老”，常用复数形式。 E.g. Children should have respect for their elders. 孩子应该尊敬长辈。 【即时练习】1）The star can bring good ________ to the little ________ girl. A. luck, lucky B. lucky, luck C. luck, luckily 2）重阳节是一个敬老的日子。 The Chongyang Festival is a day to respect ________ ________. 6. Being a teenager is not easy, but I learned to accept myself and share my feelings. 作为一名青少年并不容易，但我学会了接受自己并分享自己的感受。(教材P67 Activity 2） 1）being a teenager的结构是“being (动名词)＋表语（a teenager）”，属于非谓语动词的用法。本句中是动名词being 及其表语成分a teenager在句中作主语，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 E.g. Being honest is important. 诚实很重要。 2）accept，动词，意为“接受”。 E.g. He will accept the gift. 他将接受这个礼物。 辨析：accept 和receive 单词 意思 用法 accept 接受 指主观上愿意接收。 receive 收到 指客观上收到或拿到，不涉及主观的同意或拒绝。 E.g. Sally received a gift yesterday, but she didn’t want to accept it. 萨丽昨天收到了一份礼物，但是她不想接受它。 【即时练习】I have ________ his invitation (请柬), but I won’t _______ it. A. received; receive B. accepted; accept C. received; accept D. accepted; receive Wrapping Up the Topic Project & Review 1. However, I didn't spend much time reviewing my lessons, because I was really busy with my robot club. 然而，我没有花很多时间来复习我的功课，因为我在机器人俱乐部里真的很忙。(教材P70 Activity 2） be busy with意为“忙于”，可与be busy doing sth.互换。 E.g. Lily is busy with her homework. = Lily is busy doing her homework. 莉莉在忙着做她的作业。 【即时练习】我正忙着为期末考试努力学习，很累但很开心。 I’m busy __________ for final exams, tired but happy. 2. Now I know the exam is really important, but I am at a loss. 现在我知道考试真的很重要，但是我有点不知所措。 (教材P70 Activity 2） at a loss意为“不知所措；困惑”。 E.g. His words left me at a loss. 他的话让我很困惑。 【即时练习】 1) After hearing the surprising news, she was completely ______and didn't know what to do next. A. at a loss B. in a hurry C. on time D. by mistake 2) 面对这么多选择，他有些不知所措。(完成译句) With so many choices, he ______ ______ ______ ______. 3. This will help you manage your time and avoid falling behind. 这将帮助你管理你的时间，避免落后。 (教材P71 Activity 4） 1）manage，动词，意为“管理；完成（困难的事）；成功获得”，一般暗指成功做成某事。 manage sth. 意为“管理某物”。 E.g. She is managing a bank. 她正在管理一家银行。 拓展：manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”，表示成功完成或达成某事，尽管可能存在困难或挑战。 E.g. We managed to get to the airport in time 我们设法及时赶到了机场。 链接：manager，名词，意为“经理”。 2）avoid，动词，意为“避免；防止”。avoid doing sth. 意为“避免做某事”。 E.g. We must find a way to avoid similar problems in the future. 我们必须找到方法来避免将来发生类似的问题。 Mike tried to avoid answering my question. 迈克试图避而不答我的问题。 3）fall behind（sb./sth.）意为“落后；落在····后面”。 E.g. She soon fell behind the leaders. 她很快就落在领先者的后面。 拓展：fall behind with sth. 意为“拖欠（付款）；没有及时做”，可与fall behind on sth. 互换。 E.g. He's fallen behind with his schoolwork again. 他又没有按时做学校作业。 【即时练习】1）My younger sister managed ________ the high mountain. A. climb B. climbing C. to climb 2）You’d better avoid ________ the same mistake when you do the science experiment again. A. make B. to make C. making D. made 3）我们需要不断学习，这样我们才不会落后。(完成译句) We need to keep learning  so that we won’t ________ ________. 4. Lastly ,don't be afraid to ask for help. 最后，不要害怕寻求帮助。 (教材P71 Activity 4） be afraid to do sth. 意为“害怕做某事”。 E.g. She is afraid to stay at home alone. 她害怕独自待在家里。 拓展：afraid的其他用法 be afraid of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕/担心做某事 I’m afraid + (that)从句 （礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事）我怕；恐怕；很遗憾；对不起 E.g. I am afaid of dogs. 我害怕狗。 I am afaid of making mistakes in the exam. 我担心考试中会出错。 I’m afraid we can’t come. 很遗憾，我们来不了。 【即时练习】If you make mistakes, don’t be afraid of ________ them. A. correct B. correcting C. to correct D. corrected 5. They are always ready to help you. 他们随时准备帮助你。 (教材P71 Activity 4） be ready to do sth. 意为“准备好做某事”。 E.g. We are ready to leave. 我们准备好出发了。 拓展：ready的相关短语 短语 意思 用法 be ready for 为······做好准备 后接名词、代词或动名词等。 get ready for 为······做准备 get ready to 准备好做······ 后接动词原形。 E.g. They are ready for the meeting. 他们为会议做好了准备。 Let's get ready for it! 让我们做好准备吧！ We were getting ready to go out at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们正准备好要出去。 【即时练习】My mother is ready ________ help me with my homework every evening. A. at B. for C. with D. to 6. Who can she turn to when she has problems? 她遇到问题时可以向谁求助？ (教材P71 Activity 4） turn to sb. 意为“向某人求助”，可与ask sb. for help互换。 E.g. Jim is going to turn to his parents. = Jim is going to ask his parents for help. 吉姆打算向他的父母求助。 拓展：turn的相关用法 in turn/take turns 意为“轮流” It’s one’s turn to do sth. 意为“轮到某人做某事” E.g. The boys called out their names in turn. 男孩子们逐一报出姓名。 We take turns to do the housework. 我们轮流做家务。 It's my turn to sweep the floor. 轮到我扫地了。 【即时练习】If you find yourself in hot water, ________ a trusted adult for help. A. turn down B. turn off C. turn to D. turn in 单元语法 Suffix 后缀 后缀（-less，-ful） 英语中，在一个词的前面或者后面加上前缀或者后缀构成的新词叫派生词。需要注意的是，在词的前面加上前缀多改变词义，在词的后面加上后缀常改变词性。 例如，后缀“-less”和“-ful”常用来将名词转化为形容词，不过它们所表达的含义和用法各有特点。 后缀 意思及用法 例词         -less  加在名词或动词后构成形容词，意为“没有······的、无······的、不······的”这类否定含义。  由“-less”构成的形容词，常描述人或事物缺乏某种特质、属性或条件。  aimless, 形容词, 意为“无目标的; 无计划的”。  careless, 形容词, 意为“粗心的; 不仔细的”。  hopeless, 形容词, 意为“没有好转（或成功） 希望的；绝望的”。  fearless, 形容词, 意为“无畏的；大胆的”。  tireless, 形容词, 意为“不知疲倦的；精力充沛的”。  valueless, 形容词,意为“没价值的；不值钱的”。 后缀 意思及用法 例词         -ful  加在名词之后构成形容词,意为“充满……的;具有……性质的;有……倾向的”等肯定、积极的含义。 由“-ful”构成的形容词，多用来描述人或事物具备某种特质或属性。  helpful, 形容词, 意为“有用的; 有帮助的”。  careful, 形容词, 意为“小心; 注意; 谨慎”。  beautiful, 形容词, 意为“美丽的;美好的”。  hopeful,形容词, 意为“抱有希望的; 满怀希望”。  joyful, 形容词, 意为“快乐的; 令人愉快的”。  painful, 形容词, 意为“令人疼痛的”。         -ful  加在名词之后构成形容词,意为“充满……的;具有……性质的;有……倾向的”等肯定、积极的含义。 由“-ful”构成的形容词，多用来描述人或事物具备某种特质或属性。  shameful, 形容词，意为“可耻的；丢脸的”。  wishful, 形容词，意为“渴望的；怀着渴望的”。 有时也可加在动词之后，构成形容词, 表示 “容易……的”。  dreamful, 形容词，意为“梦多的, 常易梦见的。  forgetful, 形容词，意为“健忘的，易忘的”。 e.g. The situation seemed ____________, but they didn’t give up. 情况看似毫无希望，但他们我有放弃。 The fearless firefighter rushed into the burning building to save the people inside. 这位无畏的消防员冲进着火的大楼去救里面的人。 The teacher gave us some____________ advice on how to prepare for the exam. 老师给了我们一些关于如何准备考试的有用的建议。 Be ____________ when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。 The past continuous tense 1）概念 过去进行时用于描述过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态，往往与时间状语 then、at this time yesterday、at that time、at five yesterday morning、from eight to ten yesterday以及when、while、just as引导的时间状语从句等连用，或用另一动作表示过去的时间。 2）构成：was/were + doing sth. 主语 be动词 he、she、it等第三人称单数和I was we、you、they等复数 were e.g. While I ____________ working in the garden, I hurt my back. 我在花园里劳作时，把背给弄伤了。 What ____________ you doing at 8 o’clock yesterday? 昨天8点你在做什么？ He ____________ staying here between 1998 and 1999. 1998年到1999年期间他住在这里。 3）句型结构 结构 肯定句 主语＋was／were＋现在分词＋其他. 否定句 主语＋wasn’t／weren’t＋现在分词＋其他. 一般疑问句 及回答  —Was／Were＋主语＋现在分词＋其他？ —Yes，主语＋was／were. —No，主语＋wasn’t／weren’t. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋was／were＋主语＋现在分词＋其他？ e.g. I _______________ at 7 o'clock last night. 我昨晚7点正在读书。 She _______________ TV when I arrived. 我到的时候她没在看电视。 —____________ you listening to music just now? 你刚才在听音乐吗？ —Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't. 是的，我在听音乐。／不，我没在听音乐。 What ____________ you ____________ when it rained? 下雨的时候你在做什么？ 4）常用时间状语 时间状语类型 典型结构 具体时间点 at＋具体过去时间点 when＋一般过去时从句 时间段 from...to...yesterday during the whole morning      时间状语从句 when＋从句（表示主句动作在从句动作发生时正在进行） while＋从句（强调两个动作同时持续进行且从句谓语多为延续性动词） 模糊时间或 习惯性时间短语 at this/that time yesterday just now 5）用法 （1）表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有 表示过去的时间状语，或者when、while、as引导的表示 过去的时间状语从句。有无时间状语，需要根据语境体会。 e.g. I _______________ football at this time yesterday evening. 昨天晚上这个时候我正在踢足球。 I _______________ when you phoned. 你打来电话时我正在看书。 （2）表示过去一段时间内持续发生的动作。 e.g. I _______________ the piano from 7:00 to 8:00 yesterday evening. 昨天晚上7点到8点我正在弹钢琴。 （3）表示一个过去的动作发生时，另一个过去的动作正在进行。 e.g. It _______________ heavily when I left the supermarket. 我离开超市时，外面正下着大雨。 （4）当两个延续性动作同时进行，两者都可以使用过去进行时。 e.g. I _______________ while my mother_______________ to music. 我在看书，而我妈妈在听音乐。 （5）go、come、leave、arrive、start等动词的过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。 He said he was ____________ tomorrow. 他说他明天来。 （6）过去进行时常和 always、forever等连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩，表示说话人的主观感情，如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。 e.g. Li Yan was always ____________ others. 李妍总是帮助他人。 Li Li ____________ always changing her mind. 李丽总是改变主意。 6）一般过去时、现在进行时和过去进行时的比较 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 概念 表示过去某个时间进行的动作或存在的状态。 表示即刻或现在正在发生或进行着的某一动作。 表示过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 结构 was/were am/is/are + v-ing was/were + v-ing 动词的过去式 时间状语 yesterday...  now, right now,  at once, at this time, at the moment, at present, these days等 then, at this time yesterday, at that time, at five yesterday morning及when, while引导的从句等 last+时间(year...) 时间点+ago in+过去的年份/月份 just now, at the age of... 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 句式结构 肯定句 主语+was/were+其他 主语+am/is/are +现在分词+其他 主语+was/were +现在分词+其他 主语+动词的过去式+其他 否定句 主语+wasn’t/weren’t+其他 主语+am/is/are +not+现在分词+其他 主语+was/were +not+现在分词+其他 主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他 一般 疑问句 Was/Were+主语+其他？ Am/Is/Are+主语+现在分词+其他 Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其他 Did+主语+动词原形+其他？ 特殊 疑问句 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他？ 特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+现在分词+其他 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+现在分词+其他 特殊疑问词+did+主语+ 动词原形+其他？ 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 用法 表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 表示此刻正在进行或发生的动作。 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 与always、usually、often、sometimes never once a week等表示频度的副词或短语连用时，表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作以及过去的习惯动作。 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。 表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 用法 表示过去连续发生的动作，往往没有时间状语，而是通过上下文语境来判断。 表示将要发生的动作：①表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作，此时常与表示将来的时间状语连用，主语往往是人。 ②表示马上就要发生的事情，进行时态用于非延续性动词，往往表示“马上就”，这类动词主要为come、go、 leave、 start、 begin、stop、arrive、return等。 go、come、 leave、 arrive、start等动词的过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。 用法 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 现在进行时与 always、 forever等词连用时往往表达说话者生气、赞扬、同情、不满、好奇等情绪，或主动描述某一心理。 过去进行时与always、forever等词连用时，往往表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩，表示说话人的主观感情，如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。 当两个延续性动作同时进行，两者都可以使用过去进行时。 表示一个过去的动作发生时，另一个过去的动作正在进行。 语法知识点小测： 1、 选词填空 用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 something    character    height     satisfied     recently       1．I watched a very interesting movie. 2．His is about 1.75 meters, so he is good at playing basketball. 3．The main in this story is a brave and kind girl. 4．My teacher was very with my homework. 5．I looked for my pen everywhere, but I found . 二、单项选择（词汇辨析）。 ( ) 1．The visitors are very ________ to see so many ________ changes in Changchun. A．surprise; surprised B．surprising; surprised C．surprised; surprising ( ) 2．—Did you notice him come in? —No. I ________ a football game. A．watched B．was watching C．am watching ( ) 3．The _______ of the building reaches 300 meters, making it the tallest one in the city. A．weight B．shape C．size D．height ( ) 4．It rained yesterday. ________, we had umbrellas and we didn’t get wet. A．Luck B．Luckily C．Lucky D．Unlucky ( ) 5．You’d better ________ a sleeping dog. It may bite you if he wakes up. A．touch B．not touch C．follow D．not follow ( ) 6．—You look tired. ________, Molly? —I stayed up late yesterday. A．What happened to you B．How do you like it C．How is your journey ( ) 7．—I spent three hours on my math homework, but I still got most of the answers wrong. —________ A．Well done. B．I’m sorry to hear that. C．I have no idea. D．Study must come first. ( ) 8．Please don’t always compare me ________ other kids, Mum. A．from B．with C．at D．for ( ) 9．—Have you decided how to ________ the problems? —Not yet. I must ________ before I make a decision. A． do with; take notice of B．deal with; pay attention to C．do with; laugh at D．deal with; think twice ( ) 10．It has ________ ever rained this month, but it rained ________ yesterday evening. A．hard; hardly B．hardly; hard C．harder; hardly D．hardly; hardly 三、完成译句 （根据汉语提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。） 1．别放弃！全力以赴，你就会成功。 Don’t give up! Try your best and you’ll . 2．经过两个月的努力学习，我终于在数学考试中取得了好成绩。 After studying hard for two months, I finally in the math test. 3．总而言之，当我坚持写英语日记时，我的写作水平提高了很多。 , when I was keeping an English diary, my writing became much better. 4．得知他擅长跳舞，我很惊讶。 I am to know he is good at dancing. 5．男孩正在拉小提琴的时候，女孩正在切蛋糕。 The girl a cake while the boy the violin. 6．你教会我要有勇气地接受失败。 You taught me to accept failure . 7．昨天下午三点，他们正在打篮球。 They basketball at three yesterday afternoon. 8．——昨天晚上八点你哥哥正在做什么？ ——他正在看电视。 — your elder brother at eight yesterday evening? —He TV. 9．我向你推荐她，因为她擅长数学。 I because she is good at math. 10．我们昨天订了一家舒适的旅馆，它在网上很火。 We booked a yesterday and it is very popular online. 四、完形填空 Graduation (毕业) party was a great success! All my friends received (收到) wonderful 1 : A diamond, a watch or something else special. I was wondering (想知道) what surprise my family 2 for me. And when I got home, there was the pink dresser set (梳妆盒). The one in Mr. Schiller’s store that I always admired (羡慕). Mama and Papa smiled at my 3 . The next morning I 4 my wonderful dresser set to my sister Christine. She looked at me and said, “So you 5 what you wanted. Guess what Mama exchanged for that? Her silver brooch (胸针)!” “What? That’s the only thing her mother 6 her. If I knew, I would never let her—”. I started to 7 then, and Papa touched (触摸) my head 8 . “Mama wanted you to be 9 , more than she wanted the brooch.” I knew what I must do. And on my way to the 10 , I thought of how 11 it was for Mama to ask Mr Schiller to take the brooch as a payment (抵偿). Mr Schiller checked (检查) the dresser set carefully. Bravely, I asked, if he would give me back the 12 . I would work for him every single day of my summer vacation. He kindly 13 . It was easier than I 14 . I left the store not only with Mama’s brooch but with a 15 that started tomorrow. I felt very proud. It seemed that the dresser set recently became a childish and silly thing. I pinned (用针别住) the brooch on my dress. I would keep it forever. ( ) 1．A．letters B．flowers C．gifts ( ) 2．A．prepared B．made C．recorded ( ) 3．A．sadness B．excitement C．words ( ) 4．A．lent B．returned C．showed ( ) 5．A．forgot B．bought C．got ( ) 6．A．left B．reminded C．missed ( ) 7．A．describe B．cry C．fight ( ) 8．A．softly B．quickly C．heavily ( ) 9．A．careful B．happy C．brave ( ) 10．A．school B．party C．store ( ) 11．A．easy B．important C．difficult ( ) 12．A．dresser set B．brooch C．money ( ) 13．A．agreed B．disagreed C．cried ( ) 14．A．thought B．borrowed C．asked ( ) 15．A．smile B．job C．trip 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 Last year, while I 1 (look) through my old photos, I realized how much I’ve changed. Youth is an important period for growing up. When I failed the math test last term, it was 2 (pain), but my teacher’s advice to review mistakes carefully proved incredibly 3 (help). Her guidance motivated me to start a study group. At first, some classmates hesitated to join, thinking extra practice was 4 (use). However, after seeing our progress, they actively participated. Now those challenging days are 5 (price) memories. I’ve learned that difficulties, when faced properly, become stepping stones for growth 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新仁爱八上 Unit 4 Changing and Growing 单元知识梳理（背诵+讲解版） Preparing for the Topic Listening & Speaking 1. The music makes me feel calm. 这种音乐让我感到平静。 (教材P56 Activity1B） calm adj.意为“镇静的；沉着的”。 feel calm 意为“感到平静”。 e.g. Her words made me feel calm. 她的话使我感到平静。 常用短语：stay/keep calm 保持冷静 e.g. He always stays/keeps calm under pressure. 他在压力之下总能保持冷静。 拓展：calm的其他词性及用法 calm 动词，意为“使平静；使镇静”。calm down 意为“（使）平静，镇静，安静”。 名词，意为“平静的时期；宁静的状态”。the calm before the storm 意为“暴风雨（或大动荡、激烈辩论）前的平静”。 E.g. Calm down! We will find her. 冷静一点！我们会找到她的。 It may be the calm before the storm.也许这是暴风雨前的平静。 【即时练习】 亲自参与让我感到平静，不像独自看视频。 Joining in person made me feel calm, unlike watching videos alone. 2. What a fool I was to taste hot pepper! 我真傻，竟然尝了辣椒的味道！ (教材P56 Activity1B） 此句是由what引导的感叹句，其句型结构为“What＋a／an＋可数名词单数（＋主语＋谓语）！”。 其中 to taste hot pepper为动词不定式，在这里作原因状语，用来解释说明“我真傻”的原因。 E.g. What a beautiful girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的女孩啊！ 【即时练习】 别把他当傻子。 Don’t regards him as a fool. 3. I really regretted doing that. 我真后悔那样做。 (教材P56 Activity1B） regret，动词，意为“感到遗憾；惋惜；懊悔”。 regret doing sth.意为“后悔做过某事”，表示事情已做。 E.g. I deeply regret what I said. 我非常后悔说了那些话。 I regret telling you about the news. 我后悔把这个消息告诉了你。 拓展: ① regret作动词时的相关结构 regret sth. 后悔；惋惜 regret + that从句 遗憾..... regret to do sth. 遗憾/后悔要去做某物（事情未做） E.g. —If you don't do it now, you will regret it. 如果你现在不做的话，你会后悔的。 —I see. 我明白了。 —I regret that I can't go to your home. 很遗憾，我不能去你家。 —What a pity. 真可惜！ We regret to inform you that you failed the exam. 我们很遗憾地通知您，您没通过考试。 ② regret还可作名词，意为“痛惜；懊悔；遗憾；失望”。 拓展：regret作名词时的相关短语 with regret 遗憾 regret at (doing) sth. 对......失望 regret for (doing) sth. 对.....表示痛惜/遗憾 E.g. It is with great regret that I accept your resignation. 接受你的辞呈，我感到非常遗憾。 She expressed her regret at the plan. 她表达了对这个计划的失望。 —He said he felt deep regret for missing the activity. 他说错过这个活动他深感遗憾。 —Me, too. 我也是。 【即时练习】 1) Peter regretted ____A___ a lie to his mother. A. telling B. told C. to tell D. tells 2) I regret ____D___ you that we are unable to offer you the job. A. informing B. inform C. having informed D. to inform 4. I will never forget seeing so many world-famous paintings in the museum. 我将永远不会忘记在博物馆中看到过如此多举世闻名的绘画。 (教材P56 Activity1B） forget，及物动词，后可跟名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句作宾语。 E.g. I almost forgot my wallet yesterday. 我昨天差点就忘了我的钱包。 辨析: forget doing sth.和 forget to do sth.。 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（事情还未做） forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（事情已经做完） E.g. —Don't forget to close the window. （close动作还没发生）不要忘记关窗户。 —OK. 好的。 I forgot telling him about it.（tell动作已经完成）我忘了告诉过他这件事。 归纳：类似用法的动词短语有 短语 意思 用法 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 所指动作已经完成。 remember to do sth. 记得要去做笔事 所指动作尚未完成。 regret doing sth. 遗憾／后悔做过某事 指对做过的事情感到遗憾、后悔。 regret to do sth. 遗憾／后悔要去做某事 指对还没有做或者准备要做的事感到遗憾、后悔。 E.g. I remember locking the door. 我记得锁了门。 Remember to come backearly. 记得早点回来。 I regret telling her the news. 我后侮告诉了她这个消息。 I regret to tell you that you are late. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你迟到了。 【即时练习】1) Don’t forget ___B___ a basket with you when you go to the market. A. to bring B. to take C. taking D. bringing 2) —Why did you forget ____B____ the light again, Tom? —But Mum, I remember ________ the light when I left home. A. to turn on; to turn off B. to turn off; turning off C. turning off; turning off D.turning on; to turn off 5. I took a deep breath and the smell made me relaxed. 我深深地吸了一口气，这种香气让我放松。 (教材P56 Activity1B） breath，可数名词，意为“一次吸入的空气”。take a deep breath意为“深吸一口气”。 E.g. Before giving a speech on the stage, I took a deep breath. 在上台做演讲之前，我深吸了一口气。 拓展: breath作名词时的常用短语 a breath of (fresh) air 新鲜空气；透气 hold your breath 屏气；闭气 out of breath （运动后）喘不过气，透不过气来 take one’s breath away 令人惊叹；让人叹绝 E.g. Hold your breath and count to ten. 屏住呼吸，数到十。 We were out of breath after only five minutes. 我们五分钟后便气喘吁吁了。 【即时练习】—How was your climbing this Sunday? —By the time I got to the top of the hill, I was quite ____C____. A. away from work B. away from home C. out of breath D. out of balance 6. —Why do you look upset? 你为什么看起来很沮丧？—I'm feeling nervous about tomorrow's speech. 我对明天的演讲感到焦虑。 (教材P56 Activity1C） 1）nervous，形容词，意为“焦虑的；担忧的；惶恐的”。 E.g. I'm nervous about my future. 我对我的未来感到焦虑。 拓展: nervous的相关短语 be nervous about sth. 对某事感到忧虑 be nervous of sb./sth. 对某人／某物感到惶恐 be nervous about/of doing sth. 对做某事感到惶恐 E.g. I am nervous about my exams. 我对我的考试感到焦虑。 The horse may be nervous of cars. 这匹马可能害怕汽车。 He is nervous about giving a speech. 他害怕做演讲。 2）tomorrow’s意为“明天的”，表示所有关系，修饰后面的名词speech。 E.g. I'm excited about tomorrow's party. 明天的聚会让我感到兴奋。 【即时练习】 现在我在班里讲英语时不再感到紧张了！ Now I no longer feel nervous when I speak English in class! 7. I have the flu. 我得了流感。 (教材P57 Activity2） flu，名词，意为“流感”。have the flu意为“患流感”。 E.g. Oh, no! I seem to have the flu. 噢，不！我似乎得了流感。 【即时练习】我不得不拒绝珍妮的邀请，因为我得了流感。 I have to turn down Jenny’s invitation because I have the flu. 8. You can have a try! 你可以尝试一下！ (教材P57 Activity2） have a try 意为“尝试一下，试试看”。此时try在这里作名词，意为“尝试；试图；努力”。 E.g. Don't be nervous. Just have a try! 不要紧张，尝试一下。 链接: try还可作动词，意为“试图；想要；设法；努力”。 归纳: try作动词时的相关短语 try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力做某事 try for sth. 试图获得；力争赢得 try to do sth. 设法做某事 try doing sth. 试图做某事 try on 试穿（衣物） try out for sth. 参加.....选拔（或试演） E.g. She tried her best to solve the problem. 她尽了她最大的努力去解决这个问题。 What are you trying to do? 你想要做什么？ I tried calling him,but there was no answer. 我试图给他打电话，但没人接。 Try the shoes on before you buy them. =Try on the shoes before you buy them. 鞋子要先穿上试一试再买。 【即时练习】如今汉服在年轻人中越来越受欢迎, 所以她迫不及待地想要试一下。 Nowadays, Hanfu is getting more and more popular with young people, so she can’t wait to have a try. 9. feel lonely in a new school 在新学校感到孤独 (教材P57 Activity3） lonely，形容词，意为“孤独的；寂寞的”。feel lonely 意为“感到孤独”。 E.g. —When we move to a new place,we may feel lonely. 当我们搬去一个新地方时，我们也许会感到孤独。 —Yes. 是的。 辨析：alone和lonely 单词 词性 意思 用法 alone 副词 独自地，单独地 作状语 不带感 情色彩 形容词 独自的，单独的 作表语 lonely 形容词 孤独的；寂寞的； 偏僻的 作定语 或表语 具有感 情色彩 e.g. My uncle came alone.（副词作状语）我叔叔一个人来的。 He was alone in the room.（形容词作表语）他独自一人在房间里。 The old man always feels very lonely. （形容词作表语）那个老人总是感到很孤独。 【即时练习】外面一个人都没有，这座城市当时感觉像一座孤城。（完成译句） With nobody outside, it felt like a lonely city at that time. Function 1. What's the problem? 出了什么问题？ (教材P58 Activity 3） “What’s the problem？”，意为“出了什么问题？”。 E.g. —What’s the problem？出了什么问题？ —I broke the bowl. 我把碗打碎了。 拓展：“What’s the problem with sb.／sth.？”，意为“某人／某物出了什么问题？”，常用于询问某人或者某物出了什么问题、毛病或困难。 E.g What's the problem with you? 你怎么了？ What's the problem with the machine? 这台机器出了什么问题？ 归纳：具有相同意思的表述还有： What happened (to sb.)? What’s the matter (with sb.)? Is there anything wrong (with...)? What’s up? What’s the trouble (with...)? What’s wrong (with sb.)? 【即时练习】─You look ____B____. What's the problem？ ─I lost my bike. A. cool B. upset C. original D. happy 2. —Can you give me some suggestions?你能给我一些建议吗？—If you have any problem, you can always come to me. 如果你有任何问题，你都可以来找我。 (教材P58 Activity 3） 1）suggestion，可数名词，意为“建议；提议”。常用来针对某一问题或情况提出想法或建议。 E.g. Do you have any suggestions? 你有什么建议吗？ 拓展：suggestion的相关短语 make a suggestion 提建议 offer a suggestion 提供建议 suggestions for sth. 为某事提供建议 suggestions about/on sth. 关于某事的建议 E.g. —Can I make a suggestion? 我能提个建议吗？ —Of course. 当然可以。 We welcome any suggestions on these proposals. 对于这些方案的任何建议，我们一概欢迎。 →suggest v. 建议 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 归纳：提建议的常见表达有： Do you have any suggestions? Can you give me some suggestions? Can you tell me what I should do? Do you have any ideas for me? What do you think I should do? Can you give me some tips? Can you give me some advice? 2）come to sb．意为“找某人”。 E.g. You can come to me when you have any problem. 当你有任何困难时，你可以来找我。 【即时练习】1） My little brother suggested ____B____ for a walk. A. to go B. going C. goes D. went 2） —Let’s go to Qionghai Wetland Park to enjoy the sunshine after the exams. —_____A___ interesting suggestion! A. What an B. How C. What 3. That's all right. 不客气。 (教材P58 Activity 3） “That’s all right.”，意为“不客气。”。 E.g. —Thanks for giving me so much advice. 感谢你给了我这么多建议。 —That's all right. 不客气。 链接：具有相同意思的表述有： You're welcome. That’s OK. Not at all. 【即时练习】—Thank you for ____B____, Millie.    —________. A. helping; That’s right B. your help; That’s all right C. helping me; All right D. helps; Right 4. You can keep in touch with them and make new friends here. 你可以跟他们保持联系并在这儿交新朋友。 (教材P58 Activity 3） keep in touch with 意为“跟······保持联系”。 E.g. Though we will go to different schools, we can still keep in touch with each other. 尽管我们将要去不同的学校，我们仍然可以保持联系。 归纳：touch作名词时的其他短语 be/stay in touch (with sb.) （与某人）保持联系 get in touch (with sb.) （与某人）取得联系 be/keep in touch (with sth.) 了解（某课题或领域的情况） be out of touch (with sb.) 失去联系；不再了解（某人的）情况 lose touch with (sb./sth.) 失去联系；不再了解（尤指一般人的想法） E.g. We should stay in touch with our friends. =We should be in touch with our friends. 我们应该和我们的朋友保持联系。 —Please get in touch with Tom right now. 请立马和汤姆取得联系。 —OK. 好的。 It's important to keep in touch with the latest research. 及时了解最新研究情况很重要。 I am out of touch with Tom. 我和汤姆失去了联系。 I lost touch with all my old friends. 我与所有的老朋友都失去了联系。 拓展：touch还可作动词，意为“触摸，碰；感动；触动；感染”。 常用短语：touch sb. on sth. 触碰某人某处 touch sb. for sth. 向.....要，劝说....借给（尤指钱） touch sth. off 触发，引发，引起（困难或暴力的局面） E.g. I touched him lightly on the arm. 我轻轻碰了碰他的手臂。 Don't touch me with your dirty hands. 不要用你的脏手碰我。 【即时练习】I always keep in touch with my friends though we are in different cities. ( B ) A. catch up with B. stay in touch with C. get on well with 5. I guess so. 我想是这样。 (教材P58 Activity 3） I guess so.”，意为“我想是这样。”，这是一个常用的口语表达，通常表示一种不确定的同意或推测，语气比较随意。其中so 在此处为代词，代指前文提及的某个观点、事实或情况，避免重复。 E.g. —You can do sports every day to lose weight. 你可以每天做运动来减肥。 —I guess so. 我想是这样。 注意：“I guess so.”表达的是一种不确定的态度，说话者并不完全肯定，但倾向于同意或接受某种说法。此外，其意思可根据具体情景而译。 E.g. —Do you think it’s going to rain later？你觉得待会儿会下雨吗？ —I guess so. The sky looks pretty dark. 我想是吧，天看起来挺暗的。 【即时练习】—Look! This must be a girl’s room． — ____A____. It’ s so clean and tidy! A. I guess so B. Never mind C. It doesn’t matter tidy! D. Just so—so 6. Well, Lingling is nice, and her English is very good. 嗯，玲玲很友好，并且她的英语很棒。 (教材P58 Activity 3） nice，形容词，意为“好心的；和蔼的；友好的”，多用于形容人的性格、品质和气质。 E.g. I’m feeling not well. Be nice to me. 我不太舒服，对我友好一点。 It was nice of them to invite us. 他们真好，邀请了我们。 链接：nice作形容词时的其他意思及用法 令人愉快的；宜人的；吸引人的 用于形容词或副词前以加强语气 坏的；令人不愉快的（常表讽刺） 细微的；精细的 E.g. Did you have a nice time？（令人愉快的）你玩得愉快吗？ It’s a nice little place you have here.（用于形容词或副词前加强语气）你的这个小地方很惬意。 That’s a nice thing to say！（坏的；令人不愉快的）这种话也说得出口！ It’s a nice point of law.（细微的；精细的）这是法律上难以决断之处。 拓展：nice的常见短语及用法 have a nice time 玩得愉快 be nice to sb. 对某人友好 It’s nice of sb. (to do sth.) 某人（做某事）真好。 It’s nice to do sth. 做某事很开心。 It’s nice + that从句 .......真是太好了。 E.g. It's nice of you to carry the heavy bag for the old man.你帮那位老人提重袋子，你真是太好了。 It’s nice to watch a movie. 看电影我很开心。 It's nice that you come with us. 你能和我们一起去真是太好了。 【即时练习】 —Would you like to play Chinese chess with me? —____A____. A. That sounds nice B. No, I don’t C. OK! It’s boring D. Fine, thanks 7. I can recommend her to you. 我可以把她推荐给你。 (教材P58 Activity 3） recommend，动词，意为“推荐；举荐；介绍”。 recommend sb.／sth. to sb. 意为“给某人推荐某人／某物”。 E.g. I recommend the book to all my students. 我把这本书推荐给我所有的学生。 拓展：recommend作动词时还可意为“劝告；建议”。 常用短语：recommend doing sth. 建议做某事 recommend against sth./against doing sth. 建议不做某事 recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 E.g. He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie just now. 他刚刚建议先看这本书，再去看这部电影。 My doctor recommended against surgery. 我的医生建议不要动手术。 I recommend you to book the tickets early. 我建议你早点订票。 【即时练习】1）Ms. Chen strongly recommends ____B____ Three Days to See by Helen Keller. A. reads B. reading C. read D. to read 2) Our teachers recommend us ____B____ the cultures in some parts of China. A. for enjoy B. to enjoy C. enjoying D. enjoy Exploring the Topic Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 1. His friend, Li Ming, came up to him and cheered him up. 他的朋友李明，过来找他并让他开心起来。 (教材P60 Activity 1） come up to sb.意为“（为攀谈而）走到跟前，走近”。 E.g. He came up to me and asked me the way to station. 他走到我跟前向我打听去车站的路。 【即时练习】-- I saw you in the hall but was in a hurry. -- Oh, I wondered why you didn't ____B____ me and say hello. A. come over to B. come up to C. come up with D. come into (come over to去…拜访；come up to达到，走近；come up with提出；come true成真，实现) 2. Kangkang laughed again and walked with Li Ming happily. 康康再次笑了起来，和李明开心地走了。 (教材P60 Activity 1） laugh，动词，意为“笑；发笑”。 E.g. Hearing the news, I laughed happily. 听到这个消息，我开心地笑了。 归纳：laugh 作动词时的相关短语 laugh at sb./sth. 嘲笑；讥笑 laugh sth. off 一笑置之 E. g. She is not afraid to laugh at herself. 她勇于自嘲。 He laughed off these suggestions. 他对这些建议一笑置之。 拓展：laugh还可作名词，意为“笑，笑声”： 常用短语：with a laugh 笑着 give a laugh 大笑一声 E.g. She said with a laugh. 她笑着说。 He was happy and he gave a laugh. 他很开心，还大笑了一声。 【即时练习】We shouldn’t _____C_____ their mistakes. A. to laugh B. laugh C. laugh at D. to laugh at 3. In the beginning, she was always lonely because she didn't have any friends. 一开始，她总是觉得孤独因为她没有任何朋友。 (教材P60 Activity 2） in the beginning 意为“开始；开端；起初”。相当于 at first／at the start／at the beginning： E.g. In the beginning, we tried the easy one. = At first,we tried the easy one. = At the start,we tried the easy one. = At the beginning,we tried the easy one. 一开始，我们尝试了简单的。 拓展：与beginning相关的其他短语 at the beginning of... = at the start of... .......的开始 from the beginning = from the start 从一开始 E.g. At the beginning of the year,we cleaned the house. = At the start of the year,we cleaned the house. 新年伊始，我们打扫了房子。 Let's start again from the beginning. = Let's start again from the start. 让我们再从头开始吧。 【即时练习】Things didn’t go well for us in the beginning. （改为同义句） Things didn’t go well for us ____at____ ___first_____. 4. Now, Li Hong has many friends at school and gets along well with us. 现在，李红在学校有了很多朋友，和我们相处得很融洽。 (教材P60 Activity 2） get along well with sb. 意为“与某人相处融洽”，可与get on well with sb.互换。 E.g. Li Li gets along well with her classmates. = Li Li gets on well with her classmates. 李丽和她的同学们相处融洽。 【即时练习】1) He ___C____ his classmates. A. get along well with B. get well with C. is getting along well with D. is get well with 2) 请不要再嘲笑你的同学了。你应该和他们和睦相处。 Please don’t laugh at your classmates anymore. You should get along well with them. 5. Many important life changes take place during this teenage stage. 青春期有许多重要的人生变化。 (教材P61 Activity 1） take place 意为“发生；进行”。 E.g. Some changes took place in my hometown. 我的家乡发生了一些变化。 辨析：take place 和happen 单词／ 短语 意思 用法 happen 发生 指预想不到或出乎意料的事情发生，带有偶然性，常与to 连用，通常不用于被动语态。 take place 发生；举行 多指举行活动，指事先计划或预想到的事情发生，带有必然性，通常不用于被动语态。 E.g. The accident happened yesterday. 事故发生在昨天。 The meeting took place at 8:00 a.m. as planned. 会议按计划在上午八点举行。 【即时练习】The school sports meeting ____C____ next Saturday. A. will hold B. be held C. will take place D. takes place 6. As teenagers grow in age, their bodies reach their full adult height. 随着青少年年龄的增长，他们的身体会达到成人的高度。 (教材P61 Activity 2） 1） age，名词，意为“年龄”。 E.g. You are the same age as my brother. 你和我弟弟一样大。 链接：age的相关短语 at the age of... 在.....岁时 under/over the age of... 在.....岁以下/以上 E.g. I learned the violin at the age of 7. 我7岁时就学了拉小提琴。 Children over the age of 12 must pay full fare. 12岁以上儿童需要购全票。 2） height，名词，意为“身高；高度”。 E.g. The tree is about two meters in height. 这棵树大约2米高。 拓展：height的相关短语 at a height of 以......的高度 in the height of 在......的高峰期 in height ......高 from a ...height 从.....的高度 of medium height 中等身高 E.g. The plane flew at a height of 3,000meters. 飞机在3000米高空飞行。 I won't go there in the height of summer. 我不会在盛夏时节去那里。 It is almost two meters in height. 它差不多两米高。 The stone was dropped from a great height. 那块石头是从很高的地方落下来的。 辨析：height和high 单词 词性 意思 用法 height 名词 身高；高度 用于表示具体的高度数值或者抽象的高度概念。 the height of sth. 意为“某物的高度”： high 形容词 高的；高级的 可直接修饰名词，用于描述具有一定高度的事物。 a high mountain 意为“一座高山”。 副词 高；向高处 可直接修饰动词，用于描述动作达到的高度。 jump high 意为“跳得高”。 【即时练习】1) He began to learn French ___A____ the age of five. A. at B. in C. on D. for 2) Mr. Black is ____A____ medium height and ________ a long face. A. of; with B. of; has C. in; of D. at; with 7. Also, hair grows on certain areas of their bodies, and their voices change too. 另外，体毛会在身体特定的部位长出来，他们的声音也会发生变化。(教材P61 Activity 2） hair，在此处作不可数名词，意为“体毛；头发”。 E.g. He has brown hair. 他留着棕色的头发。 注意： hair还可作可数名词，意为“（一根）毛，头发”。 E.g. There is a hair in my soup. 在我的汤里有根头发。 【即时练习】Jimmy has ____B____ short hair and ________ round face. A. a; / B. /; a C. the; a D. the; / 8. As a teenager, you also have growing pains. 作为一名青少年，你也有成长的烦恼。 (教材P61 Activity 3） pain，名词、意为“痛苦；苦恼；烦恼；疼痛”。表示身体部位疼痛时，常用介词in。 E.g. He was clearly in a lot of pain. 他显然疼痛万分 辨析：pain，ache，sore和hurt 单词 词性 意思 用法 pain 名词 痛苦；苦恼；烦恼； 疼痛 可指各种程度和类型的疼痛，泛指身体上或精神上的痛苦、悲痛等。 ache 名词／ 动词 疼痛 通常指持续的，隐隐的身体疼痛，常与身低部位构成复合词，如headache、toothache等。 sore 形容词 （发关）疼痛的；酸痛的 通常指由于发关而引起的肌肉疼痛，表示身体某一部位疼痛时，放本身体部位名词前面： hurt 动词／ 名词 （使）疼痛，受伤 既可指身体上受到伤害、疼痛，也可表示感情上受到伤害：强调伤害的结果或疼痛感： E.g. I have a pain in my back. 我背疼。 I have an ache in my stomach. = My stomach aches. 我胃疼。 I have a sore throat. 我喉咙痛。 I hurt my leg. 我腿受伤了。 There was hurt and real anger in her voice. 她的声音里有难过，也有真正的愤怒。 【即时练习】—What’s wrong with you? —I’ve caught a cold and I’ve got a pain ____A____ my throat. A. in B. on C. at 9. You face problems like schoolwork stress, pressure from other people and so on. 你会面临一些问题，像学业压力、来自其他人的压力等等。(教材P61 Activity 3） 1） stress，名词，意为“精神压力；心理负担”。 E.g. Mike is under stress. 迈克处于压力中。 辨析：stress 和 pressure 单词 词性 意思 用法 stress 名词 精神压力； 心理负担 侧重于描述人的心理或精神方面的压力感受，是一种内在的状态。 pressure 名词 心理压力； 紧张；压力 侧重于外界因素施加的压力，有一种客观存在的、具有一定强度的压力感。 E.g. The boy is suffering from lots of stress. 这个男孩正承受着很大压力。 You need to be able to handle pressure in this job. 做这项工作要能承受压力。 2） and so on意为“等等，诸如此类”。用于列举多个事物或情况，不需要或者不想全部列举内容之后。常与such as、like等搭配，强化列举的意味。 E.g. I like green, red, white and so on. 我喜欢绿色、红色、白色等。 I like eating different kinds of fruits, such as apples, bananas, grapes and so on. 我喜欢吃不同种类的水果，例如苹果、香蕉、葡萄等。 【即时练习】We students hardly know why our parents give us ____C____. A. such much pressure B. so many pressures C. so much pressure D. such many pressures 10. Then, how can you deal with the growing pains? 那么，你怎样处理成长的烦恼呢？ (教材P61 Activity 3） deal，动词，意为“对待；对付”。 deal with 意为“处理，解决；应付”，常与how连用，强调处理问题的方式或方法。 E.g. How can they deal with the problem? 他们怎么处理这个问题？ 辨析：do with 和deal with 短语 意思 用法 do with 处理，解决；应付 常与what连用，侧重对事物的利用或处置。 deal with 常与how连用，强调处理问题的方式或方法。 E.g. What do they do with the waste? 他们怎么处理这些废弃物？ How did Amy deal with the broken plate pieces? 艾米是如何处理那些盘子碎片的？ 拓展：deal还可作名词，意为“协议；（尤指）交易”。 E.g. I will make a deal with you. 我将和你签个协议。‌‌ 【即时练习】1) I have no idea how ____D____ the trouble. A. to do with B. can I deal with C. I can do with D. to deal with 2) My dog had a fight with Mike’s cat. He didn’t know ____C____ to do with his cat, and I didn’t know ________ to deal with my dog. A. how; how B. how; what C. what; how 11. Lastly, don't compare yourself with others. 最后，不要拿你自己和他人相比。 (教材P61 Activity 3） compare，动词，意为“比较；对比”。 compare...with...意为“把······和······相比”。 E.g. It's interesting to compare their situation and ours. 把他们的状况与我们的相比很有意思。 My parens often compare me with my friend. 我父母经常把我和我的朋友相比。 辨析：compare... with... 和 compare...to... 短语 意思 用法 compare...with... 把.......与.......相比 常用于两个同类事场之间的比较，侧重区别，强调差异或相似性。 compare...to... 把......比作..... 常用于两个不同性质的事动的抽象比较，通常用于比喻或类比。 E.g. Compare this phone wih that one in terms of battery life. 对比两部手机的续航。 People often compare teachers to candles. 人们经常把老师比作蜡烛。‌‌ 【即时练习】1) —Many parents often compare their own children ____D____ other kids. —I agree with you. A. for B. as C. in D. with 2) We often compare children ____A____ the rising sun. A. to B. with C. in D. as Theme Reading 1. When you met some troubles at school, how did you solve them? 当你在学校遇到一些麻烦时，你怎样解决他们呢？ (教材P62 Activity 1） trouble，名词，意为“问题，因难；困境”。meet some troubles 意为“遇到一些问题”。 E.g. I met some troubles when I went to Yinman。 我去云南时遇到了一些问题。 归纳：trouble的相关短语 have a trouble (in) doing sth. = have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有麻烦 give (sb.) trouble 给（某人）造成麻烦 take trouble doing/to do sth. 尽心尽力地做某事 E.g. We have trouble getting there on time. 按时到达那儿有点困难。 The children gave me some trouble. 孩子们给我造成了一些麻烦。 They take a lot of trouble to find the right person for the right job. 他们竭尽全力寻找合适的人选。 【即时练习】I have trouble ____B____ the speaker. A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. for understanding 2. Last October, I signed up for a music club. 去年十月，我报名参加了一个音乐俱乐部。(教材P62 Activity 2 问题） sign up for... 意为“报名参加......”。此对sign在这里作动词，意为“和......签约（达成雇佣关系）”。 E.g. What club did yow sign up for? 你报名参加了什么俱乐部？ United have just signed a new goalie. 联队最近和一名新守门员签约。 拓展：sign作动词时的相关短语 sign for sth. 签约 sign up to do sth. 同意参与 E.g. —He signed for United yesterday. 昨天他和联队签了约。 —Good. 大好了。 We have about 100 people signed up to help so far. 到目前为止，我们有大约100人同意提供帮助。 链接：sign还可作名词，意为“迹象; 征光；指示牌；标志”。 E.g. It is a clear sign that he came back. 这是表明他回来了的清晰迹象。 The sign on the wall said "Now wash your hands". 墙上的指示牌上写着“请洗手”。 【即时练习】他是第二个报名参加该课程的人。 He is the second person to sign up for the course. 3. Mrs. Zhang advised me to have a talk with my parents. 张老师建议我和父母交流一下。 (教材P62 Activity 2 问题） 1）advise，动词，意为“劝告；忠告；建议”。advise sb.to do sth. 意为“建议某人做某事”。 E.g. My teacher advised me to read this book. 我的老师建议我读这本书。 链接：advise的名词形式为advice，意为“建议”，为不可数名词。 E.g. Can you give me some advice? 你能给我一些建议吗？ 辨析：advise 和 suggest 单词 词性 意思 用法 advise 动词 劝告；忠告；建议 advise sb. (not) to do sth. 建议某人（不）做某事 advise＋that从句 建议······ suggest 动词 建议；提议 suggest sth. (to sb.) （向某人）建议······ suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 suggest＋that从句建议······ E.g. My friend advised me to sign up for the music club. 我朋友建议我去报名参加音乐俱乐部。 The lawyer advised that he should tell the truth. 律师建议他讲出真相。 I suggest going for a walk. 我建议去散散步。 I suggest that you should take a break. 我建议你休息一下。 2）have a talk (with sb.) 意为“（和某人）谈话”。此时talk在这里作名词，意为“交谈；谈话；讨论”。 E.g. He looked upset, so we had a talk. 他看起来很沮丧，所以我们谈了一下。 【即时练习】1) I advised her ____B____so much time choosing what to wear every morning. A. to not spend B. not to spend C. not spend D. spend 2) I often get lots of ____B____ from my teacher. She often ________ me to study hard. A. advices; advises B. advice; advises C. advise; advices D. advise; advice 4. My parents finally understood my love for music. 我父母最终理解了我对音乐的热爱。 (教材P62 Activity 2 问题） love for sb.／sth. 意为“对某人／某物的爱”。此时love在这里作名词，意为“爱；热爱；慈爱”。 E.g. Lili shows the love for art. 丽丽展示出对艺术的热爱。 链接：love还可作动词，意为“爱；热爱”。 归纳：love作动词时的常用短语 love sth. 喜欢某物 love to do sth. 喜欢做某事 love sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人某事 love doing sth. 喜欢做某事 【即时练习】她对舞蹈的热爱使她参加了很多舞蹈比赛。 Her love for dancing has made her take part in many dance competitions. 5. Congratulations on moving to your new house! 恭喜你搬进新房！ (教材P62 Activity 2） congratulation，名词，意为“祝贺；恭贺”。congratulations on doing sth.意为“祝贺做某事”。 E.g. Congratulations on getting a good grade. 祝贺你取得了好成绩。 拓展：congratulation的相关短语 congratulations on sth. 祝贺某事 offer/send one's congratulations to sb. 向某人表达祝贺 E.g. Congratulations on your exam results. 祝贺你考出了好成绩。 Please send my congratulations to Lily. 请向莉莉表达我的祝贺。 链接：congratulation的动词形式为congratulate，意为“祝贺”。 congratulate sh.（cm sh）意为“向(某人)道贺；祝贺”。 E.g. I congratulatad them on their good grades. 我祝贺他们取得了好成绩。 【即时练习】祝贺你在数学竞赛中赢得一等奖。 Congratulations on winning the first prize in the math competition. 6. They said, "It is a waste of time." 他们说：“这是浪费时间”。 (教材P62 Activity 2） a waste of意为“浪费”，此时waste在这里作名词，意为“白费：糟蹋”。 E.g. It's a waste of money. 这是糟蹋钱。 链接：waste的其他词性 waste 动词，意为“浪费；滥用；糟蹋” 形容词，意为“废弃的；丢弃的；无用的” E.g. You’re wasting your time.（作动词）你在浪费时间。 This is a waste ground.（作形容词）这是一片荒地。 【即时练习】1）我以前讨厌做家务，因为我觉得那是浪费时间。 I used to hate doing housework because I thought it was a waste of time. 2）有一些化工厂在向溪流排放污水。 There are chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. 7. I gathered my courage to talk to them. 我鼓起勇气去和他们交流。 (教材P62 Activity 2） courage，名词，意为“勇气；勇敢”。gather one’s courage to do sth 意为“鼓起勇气做某事”。 E.g. Kangkang garherad his courage to make a speech yestanday. 康康昨天鼓起勇气去做了演讲： 拓展：courage的相关短语 have the courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事 take the courage to do sth. 鼓起勇气做某事 lack the courage to do sth. 缺乏做某事的勇气 【即时练习】 The doctors and nurses showed great ____A____ in the face of danger. A. courage B. connection C. discussion D. guide 8. I can't spare much time for my study because of the singing activities. 由于唱歌活动，我抽不出很多时间来学习。 (教材P62 Activity 2） spare，动词，意为“推出：留出”。spare sth.／sb. for sb./sth. 意为“为......抽出/留出.......”。 E.g. I can’t spare tre much time. 我不能留出太多时间。 Can you spare a few minutes for me? 你能给我空出几分钟吗？ We can only spare one room for you. 我们只能匀给你们一间房。 拓展：spare作动词时的其他常用短语 spare sb. sth. 给某人匀出...... spare sb./sth. to do sth. 抽出.....来做某事 E.g. Can you spare a person to help us? 你能不能匀出一个人来帮我们？ 拓展：spare还可作形容词，意为“空闲的：空余的；闲置的”。 in one’s spare time ＝ in one’s free time 意为“在某人空闲的时间”。 E.g. I’m afaid I don't have any spare money. 恐怕我没有多余的钱。 He studies music in his spare time. = He studies music in his free time. 他在空闲时学音乐。 【即时练习】____A____ my spare time, I often travel around with my parents. A. In B. On C. At D. From 9. Li Xiang wrote to Uncle Wang for help because he had a problem. 李想写信向王叔叔求助，因为他遇到了一个问题。(教材P63 Activity 4） write to sb.意为“写信给某人”，可与wite a letter to sb.互换： E.g. I wrote to my friend yesterdry. = I wrote a letter to my friand yesterday. 我昨天给我朋友写了一封信： 链接：hear from sb.意为“收到某人的来信”，可与get／receive a letter from sb.互换。 E.g. I will hear from my friend soon. = I will receive a letter from my friend soon. = I will get a letter from my friend soon. 我很快会收到我朋友的来信。 【即时练习】请尽快写信告诉我有关你本人的情况。 Please write to me soon and tell me about yourself. Grammar in Use 1. He wishes he could be more helpful. 他希望他能够发挥更多作用。(教材P64 Activity 1） wish，动词，意为“希望”，后可跟宾语从句，一般用于表达不能实现或没有把握实现的愿望。 E.g. He wished that he could buy a car. 他希望他能买一辆车。 常用结构：wish sb. + 名词：Wish you good luck!（祝你好运！） wish sb. + to do sth.：I wish you to have a great trip.（我祝你旅途愉快。） wish + (that) 从句（从句常用 would/could + 动词原形，表 “希望某事能发生”）：I wish the rain would stop soon.（我希望雨快点停。） 链接：wish还可作可数名词，意为“愿望；希望”。 E.g. She expressed a wish to be alone. 她表示希望一个人待着。 【即时练习】丑小鸭希望自己能像天鹅一样。 The ugly duckling wished he could ___look_____ ____like____ the swans. 2. Your boss doesn't allow any careless mistakes, so you'd better be very careful in your work. 你的老板不允许犯任何粗心的错误，所以你最好在工作上非常细心。 (教材P64 Activity 1） had better do sth.意为“最好做某事”。其否定形式为had better not do sth.，意为“最好不要做某事” E.g. You had better go there early. 你最好早点去那里。 You had better not smoke. 你最好不要吸烟。 【即时练习】You had better ____D____ up. There is enough time for you to do the project. A. hurry B. to hurry C. not to hurry D. not hurry 3. Li Hong was joyful because she got a good grade in the exam. 李红很开心，因为她在考试中取得了好成绩。 (教材P64 Activity 2） get a good grade意为“取得好成绩”。此时grade这里在作名词，意为“成绩等级；评分等级”。 E.g. I hope you can get a good grade. 我希望你能取得好成绩。 链接：grade作名词时还可意为“年级”。 E.g. Tom is in Grade Eight. 汤姆在八年级。 拓展：grade还可作动词，意为“给······评分；给······分数；（按能力、质量、大小等）分级，分等，分类”。E.g. I spent all the week grading the papers. 我整个周末都在评阅试卷。 I will grade them according to the size. 我将根据尺寸给它们分类。 【即时练习】老师叫我继续努力学习以取得好成绩。 The teacher told me to keep working hare to get a good grade. 4. No one should smoke in public. 任何人都不应该在公众场合吸烟。 (教材P64 Activity 2） 1）no one意为“没有人”，相当于nobody。 E.g. No one／Nobody likes staying at home alone. 没有人喜欢独自一人待在家里。 辨析：no one 和none 单词／短语 意思 用法 no one 没有人 指代人，无明确对象，指代范围宽泛。 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 后面不接of短语。 常用于回答who引导的疑问句，表示“无人”。 none 没有人， 没有东西 可指人或物。 指代可数名词时，指三者（或三者以上）中一个也没有。 作主语时，若指代可数名词，谓语动词可单可复； 若指代不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。 后面可接of短语。 常用于回答how many／much 引导的疑问句，强调数量为零 或全否定。 E.g. —Who went to the net bar yesterdsy? 昨天谁去过那家网吧？ —No one. 没有人。 —How many stodents in our class are American? 我们班有多少学生是美国人？ —None. 一个也没有。 2）in public意为“公开地；在公共场合”：此时 public这里作名词： E.g. It's impolite to talk with others loudly in public. 在公共场合和他人大声交谈不礼貌： The palace is now open to the public .这座宫殿现在对外开放。 链接：public还可作形容词，意为“公开的；公共的”。 常用短语：in public places 在公共场所 a public telephone 公用电话 【即时练习】1）—Wow, so cool! Who taught you to play the guitar?  —_____B___. I learned it by myself. A. None B. No one C. Nothing 2) The boys were so hungry that they finished almost ____A____ on the plates. And ________ of them said a word during the meal. A. everything; none B. everything; no one C. anything; none 5. Youth is an important period of time for growing up. 青春期是成长的一个重要阶段。 (教材P64 Activity 3） grow up意为“成长；长大；其后；随后”。 E.g. I want to be a teacher when I grow up. 我长大后想成为一名老师。 【即时练习】吉娜擅长数学，她长大后想成为一名工程师。 Gina is good at maths and she wants to be an engineer when she grows up. 6. However, you will understand the true value of knowledge later on. 但是，你以后会理解知识真正的价值。(教材P64 Activity 3） 1）the value of 意为“······的价值”。 E.g. You don't know the value of time. 你不知道时间的价值： 2）later on 意为“后来；以后；其后；随后” E.g. I will get the book back later on. 我将过一会儿去把书取回来。 【即时练习】生命的价值并不取决于你是谁，而是你做什么。 The value of life doesn’t depend on who you are, but what you do. 7. In a word, youth is a priceless experience. 总之，青春期是一段无价的经历。(教材P64 Activity 3） In a word 意为“简言之；一句话；总之”，可与in short互换。 E.g. In a word, you should be confident = In short, you should be confident. 简言之，你应该自信。 归纳：word的相关短语 beyond words 难以言表 have a word in one’s ear 和....说私话；与......密谈 in other words 也就是说；换言之 word for word 一字不差地 keep one’s word 遵守承诺 E.g. We were bored beyond words. 我们厌倦得无以言表。 Don't have a word in your friend's eat. 不要和你的朋友说私话。 They asked him to leave—in other words, he was fired. 他们叫他走人，也就是说，他被解雇了。 He repeated their conversation word for word to me. 他一字不差地把他们的对话向我复述了一遍。 You should keep your word. 你应该遵守承诺。 【即时练习】In a word, we should protect the animals in danger. ( C ) A. By the way B. In fact C. In short D. In my view 8. You should make the most of it. 你应该充分利用它。(教材P64 Activity 3） make the most of意为“充分利用”，可与make full use of互换。 E.g. You had better make the most of the time. = You had better make full use of the time. 你最好充分利用时间。 拓展：at（the）most意为“至多；不超过”。 E.g. There were 50 people there, at the very most. 那儿最多有50个人。 【即时练习】当有人对你说"YOLO"时，意味着你要利用好每一天并且好好享受每一天。 (完成译句) When someone says "YOLO"，it means you should make the most of every day and enjoy it. 9. What were you doing at this time yesterday? 你昨天这时正在干什么？(教材P65 Activity 1） was／were＋doing sth.意为“过去正在做某事”，为过去进行时的结构。 E.g. They were watching TV when I came back yesterday. 当我昨天回来时他们正在看电视。 【即时练习】1）Suzy ____D____ her bedroom at this time yesterday, so she didn’t go shopping. A. tidies B. tidied C. is tidying D. was tidying 2）While I ____B____ dinner, my brother ________ video games at this time yesterday. A. cook; was playing B. was cooking; was playing C. cook; plays D. am cooking; plays 10. We felt moved when we were watching it. 我们观看的时候感到很感动。(教材P65 Activity 1） moved，形容词，意为“感动的”，主语一般为人。 E.g. I was moved when they helped me. 当他们帮助我的时候我很感动。 辨析：moved和moving 单词 意思 用法 moved 感动的 常修饰人。 moving 感人的；令人伤感的 常修饰物。 E.g. The students felt moved when watching the moving movie. 学生们看这部令人感动的电影时非常感动。 It's a moving book. 这是一本感人的书。 【即时练习】—What do you think of the film Volunteer Army during the National Day? —The film ___B____ is good, and I felt _______ when I saw so many soldiers lose their lives to defend the country against its enemies. A. itself; boring B. itself; moved C. itself; exciting D.themselves; interested Developing the Topic Oral Communication & Reading for Writing 1. Jameson is Mike’s friend, and he will help Mike to get a ticket. 詹姆士是迈克的朋友，他会帮助迈克买票。(教材P66 Activity 1 B） ticket, 名词，意为“票，券”。 E.g. I want to book the ticket right now. 我想马上订票。 拓展：ticket的相关短语 a plane/train/bus ticket 飞机/火车/公共汽车票 a ticket office 售票处 a ticket to/for 一张......的票 a ticket for speeding = a speeding ticket 超速驾驶罚款单 E.g. My mother bought a ticket to The Sound of Music. 我妈妈买到了一张《音乐之声》的票。 He got a ticket for the concert from his friend. 他从他朋友那得到了一张音乐会的入场券。 【即时练习】Yesterday Jane felt very happy, because she got a ticket ____B____ the film Ne Zha 2. A. at B. to C. about 2. I often argued with my parents for nothing. 我经常无缘无故地和父母争吵。(教材P67 Activity 1） argue，动词，意为“争论；争吵；争辩”。argue with sb. 意为“和某人争吵”。 E.g. I don't want to argue with you. 我不想和你争吵。 拓展：argue的相关短语 argue for/against sth. 据理力争/反对 argue sth. 争辩某事 argue + that从句 认为...... argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事 E.g. They argue for their right. 他们为了他们的权利据理力争。 He argued that it was right. 他认为这是对的。 He was too tired to argue the point. 他太累了，不想讨论这个问题。 They argued him into taking part in the activity. 他们说服他参加这个活动。 【即时练习】1) Don’t argue ____C____ your parents when they give you advice. It’s polite to listen to them first. A. about B. for C. with D. at 2) The two boys didn’t argue ____C____ the result of the game. They both thought it was fair. A. to B. with C. about D. of 3. Little by little, I became more confident. 渐渐地，我变得更加自信。 (教材P67 Activity 1） little by little 意为“渐渐；逐渐地”。 E.g. Little by little, the snow disappeared. 雪渐渐融化了。 拓展：类似结构有 day by day 一天天；逐日 one by one 逐个地 year by year 一年年地；逐年地 side by side 并排；并肩地 注意：这些短语结构相同，都由“名词 + by + 名词”构成，语法功能相似，在句中多充当状语。 E.g. Her English is improving day by day. 她的英语正在一天天进步。 Guests arrived one by one. 客人逐个到来。 Our hometown changed year by year. 我们的家乡年年发生变化。 They stand side by side. 他们并排站着。 【即时练习】When we realize yesterday is gone forever, we find we are growing up _____A______. A. little by little B. step by step C. one by one D. side by side 4. Now, I don't worry about my weight anymore. 现在，我不再担心我的体重。(教材P67 Activity 1） not...anymore意为“不再······”，强调过去的状态或行为现在已终止，通常用于否定句或否定表达中。其基本结构为“主语＋助动词／be动词＋not＋...＋anymore.”。 E.g. I was afraid of dogs in the past,but I am not scared them anymore now. 我过去怕狗，但现在不怕了。 常见用法：①表示过去存在的情况现在不再继续。 E.g. She doesn't live here anymore. 她不再住在这里了。 I can't write anymore. 我再也写不下去了。 ②与延续性动词（如be、work）连用，表示状态的变化。 E.g. He isn’t a student anymore. 他不再是一名学生了。 They don’t work together anymore. 他们不再一起工作了。 ③用于过去时或完成时。 E.g. We haven’t seen each other anymore since last year. 自去年以来，我们再也没有见过面。 【即时练习】—你过去害怕独处嘛？      —是的，但是，现在不害怕了。 —Did you use to be afraid of being alone?     —Yes, but now not anymore. 5. Luckilly, my elder sistet, Zhenzhen, noticed how l was feeling. 幸运的是，我的姐姐真真注意到了我的感受。(教材P67 Activity 1） 1）luckily，副词，意为“幸好，幸运地”，常位于句首作状语。 E.g. Luckily, I am a good swimmer. 幸好我是个游泳好手。 链接：luckily 的相关单词 luck，不可数名词，意为“运气”。 lucky，形容词，意为“幸运地”。 2）elder，形容词，意为“年纪较长的”。 E.g. My elder brother is kind to me. 我的哥哥对我银好。 拓展：the elder 意为“较年长者”，指两者中较年长的一个，后面一般不紧跟名词。 E.g. Tom is the elder of his two sons. 汤姆是他两个儿子中较大的。 注意：the elder 还可用于人名前或后，指同名的两个人中年龄较大的一个。 the elder Jim = Jim the elder 老吉姆 链接：elder还可作可数名词，意为“长辈；长者；元老”，常用复数形式。 E.g. Children should have respect for their elders. 孩子应该尊敬长辈。 【即时练习】1）The star can bring good ____A____ to the little ________ girl. A. luck, lucky B. lucky, luck C. luck, luckily 2）重阳节是一个敬老的日子。 The Chongyang Festival is a day to respect the elders. 6. Being a teenager is not easy, but I learned to accept myself and share my feelings. 作为一名青少年并不容易，但我学会了接受自己并分享自己的感受。(教材P67 Activity 2） 1）being a teenager的结构是“being (动名词)＋表语（a teenager）”，属于非谓语动词的用法。本句中是动名词being 及其表语成分a teenager在句中作主语，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 E.g. Being honest is important. 诚实很重要。 2）accept，动词，意为“接受”。 E.g. He will accept the gift. 他将接受这个礼物。 辨析：accept 和receive 单词 意思 用法 accept 接受 指主观上愿意接收。 receive 收到 指客观上收到或拿到，不涉及主观的同意或拒绝。 E.g. Sally received a gift yesterday, but she didn’t want to accept it. 萨丽昨天收到了一份礼物，但是她不想接受它。 【即时练习】I have ____C___ his invitation (请柬), but I won’t _______ it. A. received; receive B. accepted; accept C. received; accept D. accepted; receive Wrapping Up the Topic Project & Review 1. However, I didn't spend much time reviewing my lessons, because I was really busy with my robot club. 然而，我没有花很多时间来复习我的功课，因为我在机器人俱乐部里真的很忙。(教材P70 Activity 2） be busy with意为“忙于”，可与be busy doing sth.互换。 E.g. Lily is busy with her homework. = Lily is busy doing her homework. 莉莉在忙着做她的作业。 【即时练习】我正忙着为期末考试努力学习，很累但很开心。 I’m busy studying for final exams, tired but happy. 2. Now I know the exam is really important, but I am at a loss. 现在我知道考试真的很重要，但是我有点不知所措。 (教材P70 Activity 2） at a loss意为“不知所措；困惑”。 E.g. His words left me at a loss. 他的话让我很困惑。 【即时练习】 1) After hearing the surprising news, she was completely ___A___ and didn't know what to do next. A. at a loss B. in a hurry C. on time D. by mistake 2) 面对这么多选择，他有些不知所措。(完成译句) With so many choices, he was at a loss. 3. This will help you manage your time and avoid falling behind. 这将帮助你管理你的时间，避免落后。 (教材P71 Activity 4） 1）manage，动词，意为“管理；完成（困难的事）；成功获得”，一般暗指成功做成某事。 manage sth. 意为“管理某物”。 E.g. She is managing a bank. 她正在管理一家银行。 拓展：manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”，表示成功完成或达成某事，尽管可能存在困难或挑战。 E.g. We managed to get to the airport in time 我们设法及时赶到了机场。 链接：manager，名词，意为“经理”。 2）avoid，动词，意为“避免；防止”。avoid doing sth. 意为“避免做某事”。 E.g. We must find a way to avoid similar problems in the future. 我们必须找到方法来避免将来发生类似的问题。 Mike tried to avoid answering my question. 迈克试图避而不答我的问题。 3）fall behind（sb./sth.）意为“落后；落在····后面”。 E.g. She soon fell behind the leaders. 她很快就落在领先者的后面。 拓展：fall behind with sth. 意为“拖欠（付款）；没有及时做”，可与fall behind on sth. 互换。 E.g. He's fallen behind with his schoolwork again. 他又没有按时做学校作业。 【即时练习】1）My younger sister managed ____C____ the high mountain. A. climb B. climbing C. to climb 2）You’d better avoid ____C____ the same mistake when you do the science experiment again. A. make B. to make C. making D. made 3）我们需要不断学习，这样我们才不会落后。(完成译句) We need to keep learning  so that we won’t fall behind. 4. Lastly ,don't be afraid to ask for help. 最后，不要害怕寻求帮助。 (教材P71 Activity 4） be afraid to do sth. 意为“害怕做某事”。 E.g. She is afraid to stay at home alone. 她害怕独自待在家里。 拓展：afraid的其他用法 be afraid of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕/担心做某事 I’m afraid + (that)从句 （礼貌地说出令人不快、失望或感到遗憾的事）我怕；恐怕；很遗憾；对不起 E.g. I am afaid of dogs. 我害怕狗。 I am afaid of making mistakes in the exam. 我担心考试中会出错。 I’m afraid we can’t come. 很遗憾，我们来不了。 【即时练习】If you make mistakes, don’t be afraid of ____B____ them. A. correct B. correcting C. to correct D. corrected 5. They are always ready to help you. 他们随时准备帮助你。 (教材P71 Activity 4） be ready to do sth. 意为“准备好做某事”。 E.g. We are ready to leave. 我们准备好出发了。 拓展：ready的相关短语 短语 意思 用法 be ready for 为······做好准备 后接名词、代词或动名词等。 get ready for 为······做准备 get ready to 准备好做······ 后接动词原形。 E.g. They are ready for the meeting. 他们为会议做好了准备。 Let's get ready for it! 让我们做好准备吧！ We were getting ready to go out at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们正准备好要出去。 【即时练习】My mother is ready ____D_____ help me with my homework every evening. A. at B. for C. with D. to 6. Who can she turn to when she has problems? 她遇到问题时可以向谁求助？ (教材P71 Activity 4） turn to sb. 意为“向某人求助”，可与ask sb. for help互换。 E.g. Jim is going to turn to his parents. = Jim is going to ask his parents for help. 吉姆打算向他的父母求助。 拓展：turn的相关用法 in turn/take turns 意为“轮流” It’s one’s turn to do sth. 意为“轮到某人做某事” E.g. The boys called out their names in turn. 男孩子们逐一报出姓名。 We take turns to do the housework. 我们轮流做家务。 It's my turn to sweep the floor. 轮到我扫地了。 【即时练习】If you find yourself in hot water, ____C____ a trusted adult for help. A. turn down B. turn off C. turn to D. turn in 单元语法 Suffix 后缀 后缀（-less，-ful） 英语中，在一个词的前面或者后面加上前缀或者后缀构成的新词叫派生词。需要注意的是，在词的前面加上前缀多改变词义，在词的后面加上后缀常改变词性。 例如，后缀“-less”和“-ful”常用来将名词转化为形容词，不过它们所表达的含义和用法各有特点。 后缀 意思及用法 例词         -less  加在名词或动词后构成形容词，意为“没有······的、无······的、不······的”这类否定含义。  由“-less”构成的形容词，常描述人或事物缺乏某种特质、属性或条件。  aimless, 形容词, 意为“无目标的; 无计划的”。  careless, 形容词, 意为“粗心的; 不仔细的”。  hopeless, 形容词, 意为“没有好转（或成功） 希望的；绝望的”。  fearless, 形容词, 意为“无畏的；大胆的”。  tireless, 形容词, 意为“不知疲倦的；精力充沛的”。  valueless, 形容词,意为“没价值的；不值钱的”。 后缀 意思及用法 例词         -ful  加在名词之后构成形容词,意为“充满……的;具有……性质的;有……倾向的”等肯定、积极的含义。 由“-ful”构成的形容词，多用来描述人或事物具备某种特质或属性。  helpful, 形容词, 意为“有用的; 有帮助的”。  careful, 形容词, 意为“小心; 注意; 谨慎”。  beautiful, 形容词, 意为“美丽的;美好的”。  hopeful,形容词, 意为“抱有希望的; 满怀希望”。  joyful, 形容词, 意为“快乐的; 令人愉快的”。  painful, 形容词, 意为“令人疼痛的”。         -ful  加在名词之后构成形容词,意为“充满……的;具有……性质的;有……倾向的”等肯定、积极的含义。 由“-ful”构成的形容词，多用来描述人或事物具备某种特质或属性。  shameful, 形容词，意为“可耻的；丢脸的”。  wishful, 形容词，意为“渴望的；怀着渴望的”。 有时也可加在动词之后，构成形容词, 表示 “容易……的”。  dreamful, 形容词，意为“梦多的, 常易梦见的。  forgetful, 形容词，意为“健忘的，易忘的”。 e.g. The situation seemed hopeless, but they didn’t give up. 情况看似毫无希望，但他们我有放弃。 The fearless firefighter rushed into the burning building to save the people inside. 这位无畏的消防员冲进着火的大楼去救里面的人。 The teacher gave us some helpful advice on how to prepare for the exam. 老师给了我们一些关于如何准备考试的有用的建议。 Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。 The past continuous tense 1）概念 过去进行时用于描述过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态，往往与时间状语 then、at this time yesterday、at that time、at five yesterday morning、from eight to ten yesterday以及when、while、just as引导的时间状语从句等连用，或用另一动作表示过去的时间。 2）构成：was/were + doing sth. 主语 be动词 he、she、it等第三人称单数和I was we、you、they等复数 were e.g. While I ___was____ working in the garden, I hurt my back. 我在花园里劳作时，把背给弄伤了。 What ____were_____ you doing at 8 o’clock yesterday? 昨天8点你在做什么？ He ____was_____ staying here between 1998 and 1999. 1998年到1999年期间他住在这里。 3）句型结构 结构 肯定句 主语＋was／were＋现在分词＋其他. 否定句 主语＋wasn’t／weren’t＋现在分词＋其他. 一般疑问句 及回答  —Was／Were＋主语＋现在分词＋其他？ —Yes，主语＋was／were. —No，主语＋wasn’t／weren’t. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋was／were＋主语＋现在分词＋其他？ e.g. I __was reading__ at 7 o'clock last night. 我昨晚7点正在读书。 She __wasn't watching___ TV when I arrived. 我到的时候她没在看电视。 —__Were__ you listening to music just now? 你刚才在听音乐吗？ —Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't. 是的，我在听音乐。／不，我没在听音乐。 What ___were ____ you _____doing_____ when it rained? 下雨的时候你在做什么？ 4）常用时间状语 时间状语类型 典型结构 具体时间点 at＋具体过去时间点 when＋一般过去时从句 时间段 from...to...yesterday during the whole morning      时间状语从句 when＋从句（表示主句动作在从句动作发生时正在进行） while＋从句（强调两个动作同时持续进行且从句谓语多为延续性动词） 模糊时间或 习惯性时间短语 at this/that time yesterday just now 5）用法 （1）表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有 表示过去的时间状语，或者when、while、as引导的表示 过去的时间状语从句。有无时间状语，需要根据语境体会。 e.g. I ___was playing___ football at this time yesterday evening. 昨天晚上这个时候我正在踢足球。 I ___was reading__ when you phoned. 你打来电话时我正在看书。 （2）表示过去一段时间内持续发生的动作。 e.g. I ___was playing___ the piano from 7:00 to 8:00 yesterday evening. 昨天晚上7点到8点我正在弹钢琴。 （3）表示一个过去的动作发生时，另一个过去的动作正在进行。 e.g. It __was raining__ heavily when I left the supermarket. 我离开超市时，外面正下着大雨。 （4）当两个延续性动作同时进行，两者都可以使用过去进行时。 e.g. I __was reading___ while my mother __was listening__ to music. 我在看书，而我妈妈在听音乐。 （5）go、come、leave、arrive、start等动词的过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。 He said he was __coming__ tomorrow. 他说他明天来。 （6）过去进行时常和 always、forever等连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩，表示说话人的主观感情，如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。 e.g. Li Yan was always __helping__ others. 李妍总是帮助他人。 Li Li __was__ always changing her mind. 李丽总是改变主意。 6）一般过去时、现在进行时和过去进行时的比较 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 概念 表示过去某个时间进行的动作或存在的状态。 表示即刻或现在正在发生或进行着的某一动作。 表示过去某一时刻或过去某一段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 结构 was/were am/is/are + v-ing was/were + v-ing 动词的过去式 时间状语 yesterday...  now, right now,  at once, at this time, at the moment, at present, these days等 then, at this time yesterday, at that time, at five yesterday morning及when, while引导的从句等 last+时间(year...) 时间点+ago in+过去的年份/月份 just now, at the age of... 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 句式结构 肯定句 主语+was/were+其他 主语+am/is/are +现在分词+其他 主语+was/were +现在分词+其他 主语+动词的过去式+其他 否定句 主语+wasn’t/weren’t+其他 主语+am/is/are +not+现在分词+其他 主语+was/were +not+现在分词+其他 主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他 一般 疑问句 Was/Were+主语+其他？ Am/Is/Are+主语+现在分词+其他 Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其他 Did+主语+动词原形+其他？ 特殊 疑问句 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他？ 特殊疑问词+am/is/are+主语+现在分词+其他 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+现在分词+其他 特殊疑问词+did+主语+ 动词原形+其他？ 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 用法 表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 表示此刻正在进行或发生的动作。 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。 与always、usually、often、sometimes never once a week等表示频度的副词或短语连用时，表示过去一段时间经常或反复发生的动作以及过去的习惯动作。 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。 表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 用法 表示过去连续发生的动作，往往没有时间状语，而是通过上下文语境来判断。 表示将要发生的动作：①表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作，此时常与表示将来的时间状语连用，主语往往是人。 ②表示马上就要发生的事情，进行时态用于非延续性动词，往往表示“马上就”，这类动词主要为come、go、 leave、 start、 begin、stop、arrive、return等。 go、come、 leave、 arrive、start等动词的过去进行时表示过去按计划即将发生的动作。 用法 在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 现在进行时与 always、 forever等词连用时往往表达说话者生气、赞扬、同情、不满、好奇等情绪，或主动描述某一心理。 过去进行时与always、forever等词连用时，往往表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩，表示说话人的主观感情，如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。 当两个延续性动作同时进行，两者都可以使用过去进行时。 表示一个过去的动作发生时，另一个过去的动作正在进行。 语法知识点小测： 1、 选词填空 用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 something    character    height     satisfied     recently       1．I watched a very interesting movie. 2．His is about 1.75 meters, so he is good at playing basketball. 3．The main in this story is a brave and kind girl. 4．My teacher was very with my homework. 5．I looked for my pen everywhere, but I found . 【答案】1．recently 2．height 3．character 4．satisfied 5．nothing 【解析】1．句意：我最近看了一部非常有趣的电影。空处需要填副词，作状语；根据“watched a very interesting movie”和备选词汇可知，此处指最近看了电影；recently“最近”，副词。故填recently。 2．句意：他的身高大约是1.75米，所以他擅长打篮球。空处需填入名词作主语；根据“about 1.75 meters”和“he is good at playing basketball”以及备选词汇可知，此处指身高是1.75米且擅长打篮球；height“身高”，不可数名词。故填height。 3．句意：这个故事中的主要角色是一个勇敢善良的女孩。空处需填入名词作主语；根据“is a brave and kind girl”和备选词汇可知，此处指勇敢善良的女孩是故事中的角色；character“角色”，可数名词，空处位于“is”前，用单数名词。故填character。 4．句意：我的老师对我的作业非常满意。空处需填入形容词作表语；根据“with my homework”和备选词汇可知，此处指老师对作业满意；satisfied“满意的”，形容词，修饰人。故填satisfied。 5．句意：我到处找我的钢笔，但我什么也没找到。根据“I looked for my pen everywhere”、“but I found”以及备选词汇可知，前后表示转折关系，找笔却什么都没找到。something“某事，某物”，此处使用表示相反意思的nothing“什么也没有”，代词。故填nothing。 二、单项选择（词汇辨析）。 ( ) 1．The visitors are very ________ to see so many ________ changes in Changchun. A．surprise; surprised B．surprising; surprised C．surprised; surprising 【答案】C 【详解】句意：游客们非常惊讶地看到长春有这么多令人惊讶的变化。 考查形容词。surprise惊讶（名词），（使）吃惊（动词）；surprising令人惊讶的，描述事物本身的性质；surprised感到惊讶的，描述人的感受。根据“The visitors are very…”的语境可知，这里描述游客的感受，表示他们“感到惊讶的”，因此应填surprised；根据“so many…changes”可知，空处修饰changes，表示变化本身“令人惊讶的”，因此应填surprising。故选C。 ( ) 2．—Did you notice him come in? —No. I ________ a football game. A．watched B．was watching C．am watching 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 你注意到他进来了吗？—— 没有。我当时正在看一场足球比赛。 考查动词的时态。根据语境，“他进来”时“我”正在看足球比赛，需用过去进行时“was/were+doing”。故选B ( ) 3．The _______ of the building reaches 300 meters, making it the tallest one in the city. A．weight B．shape C．size D．height 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这座建筑的高度达到了300米，使其成为该市最高的建筑。 考查名词辨析。weight重量；shape形状；size尺寸；height高度。根据“300 meters”和“making it the tallest one in the city”可知，此处应指建筑物的高度是300米。故选D。 ( ) 4．It rained yesterday. ________, we had umbrellas and we didn’t get wet. A．Luck B．Luckily C．Lucky D．Unlucky 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天下雨了。幸运的是，我们带了伞，没有被淋湿。 考查词性辨析。Luck运气，名词；Luckily幸运地，副词；Lucky幸运的，形容词；Unlucky不幸的，形容词。根据“we had umbrellas and we didn’t get wet.”可知，带了伞没被淋湿是幸运的事，空处需用副词形式，修饰整个句子。故选B。 ( ) 5．You’d better ________ a sleeping dog. It may bite you if he wakes up. A．touch B．not touch C．follow D．not follow 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你最好不要碰一只睡着的狗。如果它醒了，可能会咬你。 考查动词辨析及固定搭配。touch触碰；follow跟随。根据“a sleeping dog”及“It may bite you if he wakes up.”可知应是不要触碰睡着的狗，“最好不要做某事”，用“had better not do sth.”。故选B。 ( ) 6．—You look tired. ________, Molly? —I stayed up late yesterday. A．What happened to you B．How do you like it C．How is your journey 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你看起来很累。莫莉，你怎么了？——我昨天熬夜到很晚。 考查情景交际。What happened to you你怎么了；How do you like it你认为它怎么样；How is your journey你的旅行怎么样。根据“You look tired”以及“I stayed up late yesterday.”可知对方看起来很累，所以应询问对方怎么了。故选A。 ( ) 7．—I spent three hours on my math homework, but I still got most of the answers wrong. —________ A．Well done. B．I’m sorry to hear that. C．I have no idea. D．Study must come first. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我花了三个小时做数学作业，但大部分答案还是错了。——听到这个消息我很遗憾。 考查情景交际。Well done做得好；I’m sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我很遗憾；I have no idea.我不清楚/不知道；Study must come first学习必须放在第一位。根据“—I spent three hours on my math homework, but I still got most of the answers wrong.—...”可知，上文表达的是“付出时间却没得到好结果”的沮丧情绪，回应需聚焦“共情或安慰”，“I’m sorry to hear that.”用于对方诉说不好的经历时，表达同情或关切，符合语境。故选B。 ( ) 8．Please don’t always compare me ________ other kids, Mum. A．from B．with C．at D．for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：妈妈，请不要总是拿我和其他孩子比较。 考查介词辨析。from从……；with和；at在……；for为了。compare A with B“将A与B比较”，为固定搭配。故选B。 ( ) 9．—Have you decided how to ________ the problems? —Not yet. I must ________ before I make a decision. A． do with; take notice of B．deal with; pay attention to C．do with; laugh at D．deal with; think twice 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你决定好怎么处理这些问题了吗？——还没有。在做决定之前我必须三思而后行。 考查动词短语。do with处理；take notice of注意到；deal with处理；pay attention to注意；laugh at嘲笑；think twice三思而后行。第一空do with=deal with处理；第二空根据“before I make a decision”可知，此处指做决定之前我必须三思而后行。故选D。 ( ) 10．It has ________ ever rained this month, but it rained ________ yesterday evening. A．hard; hardly B．hardly; hard C．harder; hardly D．hardly; hardly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个月几乎没下过雨，但昨晚雨下得很大。 考查副词辨析。hardly几乎不；hard猛烈地。根据语境，第一空表示“几乎没下过雨”，用hardly，hardly ever“几乎从不”，是固定搭配；第二空表示“雨下得大”，用hard。故选B。 三、完成译句 （根据汉语提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。） 1．别放弃！全力以赴，你就会成功。 Don’t give up! Try your best and you’ll . 【答案】succeed (/be successful) 【详解】根据句意可知，此处表示“成功”，英文表达可以是“succeed”，为动词；也可以是“be successful”，其中“be”为动词原形，“successful”为形容词。在“you’ll”后应接动词原形，所以此处可填“succeed (/be successful”)。故填succeed (be successful)。 2．经过两个月的努力学习，我终于在数学考试中取得了好成绩。 After studying hard for two months, I finally in the math test. 【答案】got a good grade 【详解】根据汉语以及题干可知，需要填入“取得了好成绩”，根据“After studying hard for two months”可知，时态用一般过去时，get a good grade“取得好成绩”，get的过去式got。故填got a good grade。 3．总而言之，当我坚持写英语日记时，我的写作水平提高了很多。 , when I was keeping an English diary, my writing became much better. 【答案】In a word 【详解】根据汉语以及题干所给词汇可知，需要填入“总而言之”，in a word“总而言之”。故填In a word。 4．得知他擅长跳舞，我很惊讶。 I am to know he is good at dancing. 【答案】surprised 【详解】be surprised to do“对于做……感到惊讶”，是固定搭配。故填surprised。 5．男孩正在拉小提琴的时候，女孩正在切蛋糕。 The girl a cake while the boy the violin. 【答案】 was cutting was playing 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处描述“男孩拉小提琴”与“女孩切蛋糕”两个同时进行的过去动作，需用过去进行时，结构为“was/were + 动词现在分词”；句子主语“The girl”和“the boy”均为第三人称单数，be动词均用was；“切”的英文表达为cut，其现在分词是cutting；“拉”的英文表达为play，其现在分词是playing。故填was；cutting；was；playing。 6．你教会我要有勇气地接受失败。 You taught me to accept failure . 【答案】 with courage 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处缺“有勇气地”。“有勇气地”可表达为with courage，在句中作方式状语。故填with；courage。 7．昨天下午三点，他们正在打篮球。 They basketball at three yesterday afternoon. 【答案】 were playing 【详解】根据句意及空处可知，缺少“正在打”的表达。根据“at three yesterday afternoon”可知，此处用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were + 现在分词”。主语“They”是复数，因此be动词用“were”；play basketball“打篮球”，“play”的现在分词形式是“playing”。故填were；playing。 8．——昨天晚上八点你哥哥正在做什么？ ——他正在看电视。 — your elder brother at eight yesterday evening? —He TV. 【答案】 What was doing； was watching 【详解】询问“过去某个时刻某人正在做什么”，用“What was/were sb. doing”，主语“your elder brother”是第三人称单数，be动词用was；答句也应该使用过去进行时“was doing”，watch TV“看电视”，watch的现在分词是watching。故填What；was；doing；was；watching。 9．我向你推荐她，因为她擅长数学。 I because she is good at math. 【答案】recommend her to you 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“向你推荐她”。“推荐某人给某人”常用短语“recommend sb. to sb.”，这里“她”是“her”（作recommend的宾语，用宾格），“你”是“you” ，句子主语是I，一般现在时中谓语动词用原形。故填recommend her to you。 10．我们昨天订了一家舒适的旅馆，它在网上很火。 We booked a yesterday and it is very popular online. 【答案】comfortable hotel 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“舒适的旅馆”。comfortable“舒适的”，形容词作定语；hotel“旅馆”，名词作宾语，空处前面有不定冠词a，要用可数名词单数。故填comfortable hotel。 四、完形填空 Graduation (毕业) party was a great success! All my friends received (收到) wonderful 1 : A diamond, a watch or something else special. I was wondering (想知道) what surprise my family 2 for me. And when I got home, there was the pink dresser set (梳妆盒). The one in Mr. Schiller’s store that I always admired (羡慕). Mama and Papa smiled at my 3 . The next morning I 4 my wonderful dresser set to my sister Christine. She looked at me and said, “So you 5 what you wanted. Guess what Mama exchanged for that? Her silver brooch (胸针)!” “What? That’s the only thing her mother 6 her. If I knew, I would never let her—”. I started to 7 then, and Papa touched (触摸) my head 8 . “Mama wanted you to be 9 , more than she wanted the brooch.” I knew what I must do. And on my way to the 10 , I thought of how 11 it was for Mama to ask Mr Schiller to take the brooch as a payment (抵偿). Mr Schiller checked (检查) the dresser set carefully. Bravely, I asked, if he would give me back the 12 . I would work for him every single day of my summer vacation. He kindly 13 . It was easier than I 14 . I left the store not only with Mama’s brooch but with a 15 that started tomorrow. I felt very proud. It seemed that the dresser set recently became a childish and silly thing. I pinned (用针别住) the brooch on my dress. I would keep it forever. ( ) 1．A．letters B．flowers C．gifts ( ) 2．A．prepared B．made C．recorded ( ) 3．A．sadness B．excitement C．words ( ) 4．A．lent B．returned C．showed ( ) 5．A．forgot B．bought C．got ( ) 6．A．left B．reminded C．missed ( ) 7．A．describe B．cry C．fight ( ) 8．A．softly B．quickly C．heavily ( ) 9．A．careful B．happy C．brave ( ) 10．A．school B．party C．store ( ) 11．A．easy B．important C．difficult ( ) 12．A．dresser set B．brooch C．money ( ) 13．A．agreed B．disagreed C．cried ( ) 14．A．thought B．borrowed C．asked ( ) 15．A．smile B．job C．trip 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．C 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．A 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲了毕业派对后“我”收到家人用妈妈珍贵的外婆遗留胸针换来的、“我”一直羡慕的梳妆盒，得知真相后“我”向店主席勒先生提出用暑假每天工作换回胸针，店主同意了，“我”不仅拿回胸针，还得到了一份明天开始的工作。 1．句意：所有朋友都收到了精美的礼物：钻石、手表或是其他特别的东西。 letters信件；flowers花；gifts礼物。根据“a diamond, a watch or something else special”可知，钻石、手表等都属于礼物，故选C。 2．句意：我想知道我的家人为我准备了什么惊喜。 prepared准备；made制作；recorded记录。根据“Graduation party was a great success!”以及“I was wondering what surprise”可知，毕业派对上朋友都收到礼物，“我”好奇家人为自己准备了什么惊喜，“prepare for”为固定搭配，符合语境，故选A。 3．句意：妈妈和爸爸看着我的兴奋（表情）笑了。 sadness悲伤；excitement兴奋；words话语。根据“And when I got home, there was the pink dresser set. The one in Mr. Schiller’s store that I always admired”可知，“我”收到了一直羡慕的梳妆盒，内心应该是兴奋的，父母看着“我”兴奋的样子笑了，故选B。 4．句意：第二天早上，我把我漂亮的梳妆盒拿给妹妹克里斯汀看。 lent借；returned归还；showed展示、给……看。根据“She looked at me and said...”可知，妹妹看到了梳妆盒才会说出后面的话，所以是“我”把梳妆盒展示给妹妹看，故选C。 5．句意：所以你得到了你想要的东西。 forgot忘记；bought买；got得到。根据“And when I got home, there was the pink dresser set. The one in Mr. Schiller’s store that I always admired”可知，“我”收到了一直想要的梳妆盒，即“得到”了想要的东西，故选C。 6．句意：那是她妈妈留给她的唯一东西。 left留下、遗留；reminded提醒；missed想念、错过。根据“the only thing her mother...her”可知，妈妈的银胸针是外婆留给妈妈的物品，“left”符合“遗留、留下”的语义，故选A。 7．句意：我听了之后开始哭，爸爸轻轻地摸了摸我的头。 describe描述；cry哭；fight打架。根据“What? That’s the only thing her mother left her. If I knew, I would never let her—”可知，“我”知道妈妈用外婆留下的唯一胸针换了梳妆盒后，内心充满愧疚和感动，所以开始哭，故选B。 8．句意：我听了之后开始哭，爸爸轻轻地摸了摸我的头。 softly轻轻地；quickly快速地；heavily沉重地。根据“Papa touched my head”可知，爸爸看到“我”哭，应该是用轻柔的动作安慰“我”，“softly”符合安慰的语境，故选A。 9．句意：妈妈想让你开心，胜过她想要那枚胸针。 careful仔细的；happy开心的；brave勇敢的。根据妈妈用珍贵的胸针换了“我”想要的梳妆盒，目的是让“我”开心，故选B。 10．句意：在我去商店的路上，我想到妈妈让席勒先生用胸针抵偿（买梳妆盒）是多么困难。 school学校；party派对；store商店。根据“Mr Schiller checked the dresser set carefully.”可知，席勒先生是商店的店主，所以“我”是去席勒先生的商店，故选C。 11．句意：在我去商店的路上，我想到妈妈让席勒先生用胸针抵偿（买梳妆盒）是多么困难。 easy容易的；important重要的；difficult困难的。根据“That’s the only thing her mother left her”可知，胸针对妈妈来说非常珍贵，所以用它来抵偿买梳妆盒，对妈妈而言是很困难的事，故选C。 12．句意：我鼓起勇气问他是否能把胸针还给我。 dresser set梳妆盒；brooch胸针；money钱。根据“I left the store not only with Mama’s brooch...”可知，我最终拿回了妈妈的胸针，所以此处是向席勒先生要胸针。故选B。 13．句意：他友好地同意了。 agreed 同意；disagreed 不同意；cried 哭。根据“I left the store not only with Mama’s brooch...”可知，“我”拿回了胸针，说明席勒先生同意了“我”的请求，故选A。 14．句意：这比我想象的要容易。 thought认为、想象；borrowed借；asked问。根据“I would work for him every single day of my summer vacation”可知，“我”原本打算用暑假每天工作来换回胸针，以为这件事会很难，但实际过程比“我”想象的容易，故选A。 15．句意：我离开商店时，不仅带回了妈妈的胸针，还得到了一份明天开始的工作。 smile微笑；job工作；trip旅行。根据“I would work for him every single day of my summer vacation. He kindly agreed”可知，席勒先生同意“我”通过工作换回胸针，所以“我”得到了这份工作，故选B。 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。 Last year, while I 1 (look) through my old photos, I realized how much I’ve changed. Youth is an important period for growing up. When I failed the math test last term, it was 2 (pain), but my teacher’s advice to review mistakes carefully proved incredibly 3 (help). Her guidance motivated me to start a study group. At first, some classmates hesitated to join, thinking extra practice was 4 (use). However, after seeing our progress, they actively participated. Now those challenging days are 5 (price) memories. I’ve learned that difficulties, when faced properly, become stepping stones for growth 【答案】1．was looking 2．painful 3．helpful 4．useless 5．priceless 【导语】本文介绍了作者去年的经历。 1．句意：去年当我在看老照片的时候，我意识到我改变多大。根据“Last year”和while可知此处介绍过去正在做的事情，用过去进行时。故填was looking。 2．句意：当我上学期数学考试不及格时，我很痛苦，但是老师让我仔细复习错误的建议证明是非常有用的。此空为形容词作表语，painful表示“痛苦的”。故填painful。 3．句意：当我上学期数学考试不及格时，我很痛苦，但是老师让我仔细复习错误的建议证明是非常有用的。prove是系动词，后接形容词作表语，helpful表示“有帮助的”。故填helpful。 4．句意：起初，一些同学犹豫加入，认为额外的练习是无用的。此空为形容词作表语，根据“At first, some classmates hesitated to join”可知一些同学没有加入，是认为没用。useless表示“没用的”。故填useless。 5．句意：现在那些充满挑战的日子是无价的回忆。此空为形容词作定语，修饰名词，priceless表示“无价的”。故填priceless。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $