第13讲 主谓一致-核心语法 重难点专项突破 任务单 2026届高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）

高考核心语法·精练 第13讲 主谓一致2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、意义一致原则用法表 此表格梳理 “意义一致” 核心场景，即根据主语所表达的语义（整体 / 个体、类别 / 抽象概念等）判断谓语单复数，覆盖集体名词、单复同形名词等高频主语类型，是主谓一致基础且灵活的判断原则。 主语类型 核心规则 示例 集体名词（family/team/committee 等） 1. 强调整体（视为单数概念）→谓语单数 2. 强调成员（视为复数个体）→谓语复数 1. The team has won the game.（强调整体） 2. The team are discussing the plan.（强调成员） 特殊集体名词（people/police/cattle 等） 本身表复数概念，谓语动词必用复数 1. The police are investigating the accident. 2. Cattle feed on grass. 单复同形名词（sheep/means/species 等） 按主语意义或限定词（this/that/all 等）判断单复数 1. This means is effective.（this 表单数） 2. All means have been tried.（all 表复数） the + 形容词（the rich/the injured 等） 1. 表 “一类人”（复数概念）→谓语复数 2. 表 “抽象概念”（单数概念）→谓语单数 1. The injured were sent to hospital.（表一类人） 2. The beautiful is not always good.（表抽象概念） 时间 / 距离 / 机构 / 金钱（10 minutes/The UN/500 yuan 等） 视为整体单数概念，谓语常用单数 1. Ten minutes is enough for the break. 2. The United Nations plays an important role. 注意事项： 1. 集体名词的语义判断需结合语境，如 “family” 在 “Our family is small” 中强调整体（单数），在 “Our family are all music lovers” 中强调成员（复数）； 2. “the + 形容词” 表抽象概念时，需通过语义区分（如 “the old” 表老人（复数），“the old” 表 “旧事物” 时表单数，需结合上下文）； 3. 单复同形名词需关注限定词，“this/that” 后接单数谓语，“these/those/all” 后接复数谓语，不可仅凭名词形式判断。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The family ________ (be) a big one with ten members, and all of them live happily together. 【答案】is 【解析】考查集体名词主谓一致。句意：这是一个有十口人的大家庭，所有人都幸福地生活在一起。根据表格规则，集体名词 “family” 强调整体时，谓语用单数，此处表 “家庭整体”，故填 is。 2. The police ________ (investigate) the traffic accident that happened on the main road yesterday. 【答案】are investigating 【解析】考查特殊集体名词主谓一致。句意：警方正在调查昨天发生在主干道上的交通事故。根据表格规则，“police” 为特殊集体名词，谓语必用复数，结合语境用现在进行时，故填 are investigating。 3. This means of communication ________ (prove) to be very effective in our daily life. 【答案】proves 【解析】考查单复同形名词主谓一致。句意：这种沟通方式在我们的日常生活中被证明是非常有效的。根据表格规则，“this means” 表单数，谓语用单数，故填 proves。 4. The injured in the earthquake ________ (send) to the nearest hospital for treatment immediately after the disaster. 【答案】were sent 【解析】考查 “the + 形容词” 主谓一致。句意：地震中的伤者在灾难发生后立即被送往最近的医院治疗。根据表格规则，“the injured” 表 “一类人”，谓语用复数，且 “伤者” 与 “送” 为被动关系，故填 were sent。 5. Ten thousand yuan ________ (be) not a small amount of money for a poor family in the countryside. 【答案】is 【解析】考查金钱作主语主谓一致。句意：对于农村的贫困家庭来说，一万元不是一笔小数目。根据表格规则，金钱视为整体单数概念，谓语用单数，故填 is。 二、语法一致原则用法表 此表格聚焦 “语法一致” 核心场景，即根据主语的语法形式（单复数、结构类型等）直接判断谓语单复数，覆盖不定式 / 动名词作主语、分数 / 百分数修饰名词等高频考点，是主谓一致最基础的判断原则。 主语类型 核心规则 示例 不定式 / 动名词 / 从句作主语 视为单数概念，谓语动词用单数 1. To learn English is important. 2. What he said is true. 分数 / 百分数 + 名词 谓语单复数与被修饰的 “中心名词” 一致（不看分数 / 百分数本身） 1. Two-thirds of the students are from rural areas.（中心词 students 复数） 2. 50% of the water is polluted.（中心词 water 单数） most/the rest + 名词 谓语单复数与被修饰的 “中心名词” 一致 1. Most of the books are new.（中心词 books 复数） 2. The rest of the milk is in the fridge.（中心词 milk 单数） quantity 短语（a large quantity of/large quantities of） 1. a large quantity of + 名词→谓语单数 2. large quantities of + 名词→谓语复数（与 quantity 单复数一致） 1. A large quantity of rice is stored. 2. Large quantities of rice are stored. and 连接并列主语 1. 表 “同一人 / 物 / 概念”→谓语单数 2. 表 “不同人 / 物”→谓语复数 3. 受 each/every/no 修饰→谓语单数 1. The writer and poet is coming.（同一人） 2. The writer and the poet are coming.（不同人） 3. Every boy and girl has a book.（受 every 修饰） the number of.../a number of... 1. the number of...（表 “…… 的数量”）→谓语单数 2. a number of...（表 “许多”）→谓语复数 1. The number of students is increasing. 2. A number of students are absent. one of.../the only one of... + 定语从句 1. one of... + 从句→从句谓语复数 2. the only one of... + 从句→从句谓语单数（强调 “唯一”） 1. He is one of the students who have passed.（多个学生通过） 2. He is the only one of the students who has passed.（唯一通过的学生） 注意事项： 1. “and 连接主语” 表同一人时，后一名词无冠词（如 “The teacher and writer” 指同一人），表不同人时需加冠词（如 “The teacher and the writer” 指两人）； 2. 分数 / 百分数修饰名词时，中心词若为不可数名词（如 water），无论分数多大，谓语均用单数； 3. “one of...+ 从句” 中，从句修饰 “students”（复数），故谓语用复数；“the only one of...” 中，从句修饰 “the only one”（单数），故谓语用单数，不可混淆。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. What he said at the meeting ________ (be) very important for our future development. 【答案】is 【解析】考查从句作主语主谓一致。句意：他在会议上说的话对我们未来的发展非常重要。根据表格规则，从句作主语视为单数，谓语用单数，故填 is。 2. Seventy percent of the land in this area ________ (cover) with thick forests and grasslands. 【答案】is covered 【解析】考查分数修饰名词主谓一致。句意：这个地区 70% 的土地被茂密的森林和草原覆盖。根据表格规则，分数修饰名词时，谓语与中心词 “land”（不可数名词）一致，用单数，且 “土地” 与 “覆盖” 为被动关系，故填 is covered。 3. A large quantity of fresh water ________ (store) in the reservoir to meet the needs of the city. 【答案】is stored 【解析】考查 quantity 短语主谓一致。句意：水库里储存了大量淡水，以满足城市的需求。根据表格规则，“a large quantity of + 名词” 作主语，谓语用单数，且 “水” 与 “储存” 为被动关系，故填 is stored。 4. The writer and translator ________ (be) going to attend the international literary conference next month. 【答案】is 【解析】考查 and 连接主语主谓一致。句意：这位作家兼翻译将于下个月参加国际文学会议。根据表格规则，“the writer and translator” 指同一人，谓语用单数，故填 is。 5. He is one of the students who ________ (win) the first prize in the English competition this year. 【答案】have won 【解析】考查 one of...+ 定语从句主谓一致。句意：他是今年英语竞赛中获得一等奖的学生之一。根据表格规则，“one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句” 中，从句谓语与复数名词 “students” 一致，用复数，故填 have won。 三、就近一致与就远一致原则用法表 此表格梳理 “就近一致”“就远一致” 两大特殊原则，即根据主语与谓语的 “距离”（最近 / 最远）判断单复数，覆盖并列连词、介词短语修饰主语等高频场景。 类型 适用场景 核心规则 示例 就近一致 1. 并列连词：either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., not...but... 2. 固定句型：There be 句型、The following... 句型 谓语单复数与 “最近的主语” 保持一致 1. Either you or he is wrong.（最近主语 he 单数） 2. There are two pens and a book.（最近主语 pens 复数） 3. The following is a letter and photos.（最近主语 a letter 单数） 就远一致 主语 + 介词 / 介词短语：with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, except, including 等 谓语单复数与 “前面的主语”（远主语）保持一致，不受后续短语影响 1. The singer along with her band is preparing.（远主语 singer 单数） 2. He rather than his parents is to blame.（远主语 he 单数） 3. All except Tom are here.（远主语 All 复数） 注意事项： 1. “not only...but also...” 连接主语时，口语中可按 “就近一致”，正式语境中也可按 “意义一致”，但高考中优先按 “就近一致” 判断； 2. 就远一致中的介词短语仅作修饰，不改变主语的单复数（如 “The teacher with his students” 中，主语仍是 “the teacher”，谓语用单数）； 3. There be 句型中，若主语含 “and”，需按 “就近一致”，不可按 “and 连接主语表复数” 判断（如 “There is a book and two pens” 正确，不可说 “There are a book and two pens”）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Either you or your brother ________ (be) responsible for the mistake you made yesterday. 【答案】is 【解析】考查就近一致原则。句意：要么你，要么你哥哥要为你们昨天犯的错误负责。根据表格规则，“either...or...” 连接主语时，谓语与最近的主语 “your brother” 一致，用单数，故填 is。 2. There ________ (be) a dictionary and several textbooks on the desk when I left the classroom. 【答案】was 【解析】考查就近一致原则（There be 句型）。句意：我离开教室时，桌上有一本词典和几本课本。根据表格规则，There be 句型谓语与最近的主语 “a dictionary” 一致，用单数，故填 was。 3. The teacher along with her students ________ (visit) the science museum this weekend. 【答案】is going to visit/will visit 【解析】考查就远一致原则。句意：这位老师将和她的学生们这个周末去参观科学博物馆。根据表格规则，“along with” 连接主语时，谓语与前面的主语 “the teacher” 一致，用单数，结合 “this weekend” 用将来时，故填 is going to visit/will visit。 4. Not only my parents but also my sister ________ (like) playing the piano in their spare time. 【答案】likes 【解析】考查就近一致原则。句意：不仅我的父母，我姐姐也喜欢在业余时间弹钢琴。根据表格规则，“not only...but also...” 连接主语时，谓语与最近的主语 “my sister” 一致，用单数，故填 likes。 5. All except my best friend ________ (arrive) at the party on time yesterday evening. 【答案】arrived 【解析】考查就远一致原则。句意：除了我最好的朋友，所有人昨晚都准时到达了派对。根据表格规则，“except” 连接主语时，谓语与前面的主语 “all” 一致，用复数，结合 “yesterday evening” 用一般过去时，故填 arrived。 四、主谓一致特殊注意点表 此表格梳理文档中 “用法拓展” 的特殊场景，覆盖 more than one 结构、以 - s 结尾的特殊名词等易混淆考点，是高考主谓一致的难点补充。 特殊场景 核心规则 示例 more than one + 单数名词 /more + 复数名词 + than one 1. more than one + 单数名词→谓语单数 2. more + 复数名词 + than one→谓语复数 1. More than one student has applied.（单数） 2. More students than one have applied.（复数） a series of/a kind of/a pair of + 名词 谓语单复数与 “series/kind/pair” 的单复数一致（不看后续名词） 1. A series of lectures is scheduled.（series 单数） 2. Two pairs of shoes are missing.（pairs 复数） 以 - s 结尾的国名 / 地名 / 学科名（形复实单） 视为单数概念，谓语用单数 1. The Alps is a famous mountain range. 2. Mathematics is my favorite subject. 3. Physics is difficult to learn. 强调句型（It is/was + 被强调部分 + who/that...） 1. It 后固定用 is/was（单数） 2. who/that 后谓语单复数与 “被强调部分” 一致 1. It is he who helps others.（被强调部分 he 单数） 2. It was the students who won the game.（被强调部分 students 复数） 注意事项： 1. “more than one + 单数名词” 虽表 “不止一个”，但语法上视为单数，谓语需用单数，不可按语义用复数； 2. 以 - s 结尾的学科名（如 politics/economics）、国名（如 the United States）均为 “形复实单”，谓语用单数，不可因 “-s” 误判为复数； 3. 强调句型中，即使被强调部分是复数，It 后仍用 is/was（如 “It is they who are wrong” 正确，不可说 “It are they who are wrong”）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. More than one student in our class ________ (apply) for the scholarship offered by the university. 【答案】has applied 【解析】考查 more than one + 单数名词主谓一致。句意：我们班不止一个学生申请了这所大学提供的奖学金。根据表格规则，“more than one + 单数名词” 作主语，谓语用单数，结合语境用现在完成时，故填 has applied。 2. A series of lectures on environmental protection ________ (hold) in our school next month to raise students' awareness. 【答案】will be held/is going to be held 【解析】考查 a series of + 名词主谓一致。句意：下个月我们学校将举办一系列关于环境保护的讲座，以提高学生的意识。根据表格规则，“a series of + 名词” 作主语，谓语与 “series”（单数）一致，用单数，且 “讲座” 与 “举办” 为被动关系，结合 “next month” 用将来时，故填 will be held/is going to be held。 3. Mathematics ________ (be) not an easy subject for most middle school students, but it is very important. 【答案】is 【解析】考查以 - s 结尾的学科名主谓一致。句意：数学对大多数中学生来说不是一门容易的学科，但它非常重要。根据表格规则，“Mathematics” 为形复实单的学科名，谓语用单数，故填 is。 4. It is my parents who ________ (support) me through all the difficult times in my life. 【答案】support 【解析】考查强调句型主谓一致。句意：是我的父母在我生命中所有困难的时刻支持我。根据表格规则，强调句型中 “who” 后谓语与被强调部分 “my parents” 一致，用复数，故填 support。 5. More people than one ________ (agree) that the government should take more measures to protect the environment. 【答案】agree 【解析】考查 more + 复数名词 + than one 主谓一致。句意：不止一个人同意政府应该采取更多措施来保护环境。根据表格规则，“more + 复数名词 + than one” 作主语，谓语用复数，故填 agree。 一、语法填空：在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. And the other (be) that I wanted to help people in need. 【答案】was 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：一个是我惊讶于病人看医生后会感觉更好。另一个是我想帮助需要帮助的人。上一句中的“One was that ...”用的一般过去时，故该句时态也应为一般过去时。且与句中已有的其他谓语动词，如was, could, wanted时态一致，主语the other是单数，谓语动词用单数。故填was。 2．（2021高三上·浙江·专题练习）The majority of visitors (be)in favor of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subject (be) simply surprising. 【答案】 were was 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：大多数游客都支持他的结论：关于这个主题的被出版的书的数量是令人惊讶的。本句陈述过去的事实，要用一般过去时；空格1处的主语是visitors，因此要用were；空格2处的主语是 the number ，因此要用单数，故填was。 3．（2021高三上·浙江·专题练习）There (be) a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox. ＝There (be) two pens and a pencil in the pencilbox . 【答案】 is are 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：铅笔盒里有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，there be句型中的主谓一致遵循就近原则，第一空的谓语动词和主语a pencil一致，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式is；第二空的谓语动词和主语two pens一致，谓语动词使用复数形式are。故填①is；②are。 4．（2021高三上·浙江·专题练习）Not only the students but also their teacher (be) enjoying the film. 【答案】is 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：不仅学生们而且他们的老师都在欣赏这部电影。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，not only...but also...所在的句子，谓语动词遵循就近原则，跟离得比较近的主语保持一致，此处谓语动词对应的主语是their teacher，使用第三人称单数形式。故填is。 5．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）In the US, only when someone sits in the driver’s seat driverless cars allowed on roads in certain states. 【答案】are 【详解】考查倒装句和主谓一致。句意：在美国某些州，只有当有人坐在驾驶座上时，无人驾驶汽车才允许上路。Only接状语从句位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，即把助动词，be动词或者情态动词提前。故该句主句正常语序应是“driverless cars______ allowed on roads in certain states.”主语“driverless cars”和谓语动词“allowed”之间是被动关系，要用被动语态be done，主语是复数，句子是一般现在时，故填are。 6．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Christmas is the most important festival in the western world. It (fall) on December 25. 【答案】falls 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：圣诞节是西方世界最重要的节日。它在12月25日。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语It是第三人称单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数falls，故填falls。 7．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Look.There (be) a pair of shoes, a box of apples and some drinks under the table. 【答案】is 【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：看，桌子下面有一双鞋，一盒苹果和一些饮料。此处为there be句型，表示“存在，有”，句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态。根据主谓一致的就近原则，a pair of shoes为单数名词，be动词应为is。故填is。 8．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Two thirds of my leisure time is spent on reading and the remaining one third (spend) in doing outdoor sports. 【答案】is spent 【详解】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：我三分之二的闲暇时间用于阅读，剩余的三分之一用于户外运动。空处作谓语，根据前面的“is spent”可知，时态应保持一致，用一般现在时，spend“花费”和主语the remaining one third之间也是被动关系，同样用被动语态，“分数/百分数+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数，be动词应用is。故填is spent。 9．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Reading English novels for 30 minutes every morning (help) improve vocabulary and reading comprehension effectively. 【答案】helps 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：每天早上读30分钟英语小说能有效地帮助提高词汇量和阅读理解能力。空处作谓语，主语Reading English novels for 30 minutes every morning，为动名词短语，动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式；结合语境“every morning”，句子描述的是经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时。故填helps。 10．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Not both of them (come) to the party. 【答案】come 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：并非他们俩都来参加派对。come(来；来到)是谓语动词，描述一般性事实或当前的状态，用一般现在时态，“(not) both of+名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。故填come。 11．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）While we may change friends, the number of people we can keep in touch with (stay) the same in a certain time. 【答案】stays 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：虽然我们可能会更换朋友，但在特定时间内，我们能保持联系的人数是不变的。分析句子结构可知，此空考查谓语动词，主句描述“能保持联系的人数不变”这一客观规律，需用一般现在时；主句主语是“the number of people”（……的数量），中心词number为单数，根据“主谓一致”原则，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故填stays。 12．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）There (be) not as much homework as I was used to, but it was still tough for me. 【答案】was 【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：作业不像我习惯的那么多，但对我来说仍然很难。此处为there be句型，根据“as I was used to”可知，此处描述的是过去的情况，时态用一般过去时，且homework为不可数名词，所以be动词使用was。故填was。 13．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）With so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the (expect). 【答案】unexpected 【详解】考查形容词和固定结构。句意：有如此多的艺术家在探索新的可能性，我们肯定可以期待出乎意料的事物。分析句子可知，“the ____ (expect)”部分作宾语，表示“出乎意料的事物”，所给词expect为动词，其派生形容词unexpected表示“意外的”，通过加冠词the可构成名词化的短语the unexpected，指“出乎意料的事物”。故填unexpected。 14．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Being exposed to English frequently (able) us to have a good command of this language. 【答案】enables 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：经常接触英语使我们能够很好地掌握这门语言。分析句子可知，所给词“able”是形容词，意为“有能力的”，而句中缺少谓语动词，需将其转换为动词形式。“enable”是动词，意为“使能够”，符合句意，句子主语“Being exposed to English frequently”是动名词短语，视为单数，且句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，因此谓语动词用第三人称单数形式“enables”。故填enables。 15．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Not only I, in the activity, tried something new, but it allows me to take on responsibility. 【答案】have 【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意：我不仅在活动中尝试了一些新的东西，而且它也让我承担起了责任。not only位于句首，句子要部分倒装，即将助动词/情态动词/be动词提到主语之前，根据句意可知，此处描述过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，且主语为I，故将have提到主语之前。故填have。 Passage 1 （2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 1 (cover)an area about three times 2 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 3 (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 4 (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 5 (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 6 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 7 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and 8 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. Giant pandas also serve 9 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 10 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】 1. Covering 2. the 3. were 4. to increase 5. is designed 6. and 7. populations 8. eventually 9. as 10. that 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语，空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。 2. 考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知，此处考查倍数表达法，即为：倍数+ the size of +比较成份，因此此处应填定冠词the。故填the。 3. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知，空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语，故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。 5. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。 6. 考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知，空处前后为并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。 7. 考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处和and后的复数名词homes并列，且在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population ，意为“种群”，且应用复数形式。故填populations。 8. 考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知，空处后为动词achieve，空处应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve，结合语意可知，此处意为“最终”，应用副词eventually。故填eventually。 9. 考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语serve as，意为“充当”，故空处应填介词as。故填as。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子可知，空处考查引导限制性定语从句的关系词，指代先行词species，指物，在从句中作主语，且先行词前有all修饰，故只能用关系代词that。故填that。 【点睛】 Passage 2 （2022·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式. A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 1 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 2 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 3 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 4 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 5 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 6 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. In the last five years. Cao 7 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 8 (high) mountain. Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers 9 Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 10 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 【答案】 1. to journey 2. who 3. held 4. A 5. protection 6. meaningful 7. has walked 8. highest 9. from 10. planning 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个有视力障碍的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。step前面有序数词first，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the man，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。动词hold意为“举行”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语“the Belt and Road Forum”之间构成被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填held。 4. 考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。此处名词friend第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词表示泛指，且friend是以辅音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词a。故填A。 5. 考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。 6. 考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful表示“有意义的”，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。 7. 考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。 8. 考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处是指三者或三者以上的比较，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。 9. 考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。动词plan意为“计划”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填planning。 【点睛】 Passage 3 （2025·重庆·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “Xueba 01”, 1 (know) as China’s first robot PhD student, 2 (draw) much attention since its registration at the Shanghai Theatre Academy (STA). This event shows that artificial intelligence is now part of higher education. “Xueba 01” was made by a team led by Professor Li Qingdu from the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology. As 3 “embodied AI”, the robot learns artistic creation through physical 4 (interact). It is 1.75 meters tall and weighs about 30 kilograms. Its flexible silicone skin allows it 5 (make) human-like facial expressions and gestures. During the orientation, “Xueba 01” got its student ID and talked with Pan Tao, a famous CCTV news host. After their talk, Pan said, “It answers very fast. It uses both words and eye contact, 6 was more than I expected.” It is equipped 7 advanced technology, enabling it to communicate and express 8 (emotion) like humans. It will work with human students in workshops, lab research, and creative projects, 9 (help) to explore new kinds of digital art. In the future, it will make much 10 (great) contributions to the field of digital art, and we are all looking forward to seeing its wonderful performance in the academy. 【答案】 1. known 2. has drawn 3. an 4. interaction 5. to make 6. which 7. with 8. emotions 9. helping 10. greater 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是被称为中国首个机器人博士生的“学霸01”在上海戏剧学院注册后受到广泛关注，还介绍了它的相关信息以及未来展望。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：被称为中国首位机器人博士生的“学霸01”，自其在上海戏剧学院注册以来就吸引了大量关注。句子已有谓语动词“has drawn”，此处作后置定语；“Xueba 01”与“know”之间是被动关系，“be known as”为固定搭配，意为“被称为……”，故用过去分词“known”。故填known。 2. 考查时态。句意：被称为中国首位机器人博士生的“学霸01”，自其在上海戏剧学院注册以来就吸引了大量关注。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语since its registration at the Shanghai Theatre Academy (STA)可知，此处应为现在完成时，主语“Xueba 01”为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词应为has drawn。故填has drawn。 3. 考查冠词。句意：作为一个“具身人工智能”，这个机器人通过物理交互学习艺术创作。此处表示泛指“一个具身人工智能”，且“embodied”是以元音音素开头的单词，所以此处应为不定冠词an。故填an。 4. 考查名词。句意：作为一个“具身人工智能”，这个机器人通过物理交互学习艺术创作。此处为名词作宾语，interact的名词为interaction意为“交互”，为不可数名词。故填interaction。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它灵活的硅胶皮肤使它能够做出类似人类的面部表情和手势。此处为固定短语allow sb to do sth，意为“允许某人做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to make。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：它既使用语言又使用眼神交流，这超出了我的预期。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，指代前面整个句子，所以使用关系代词which引导。故填which。 7. 考查介词。句意：它配备了先进的技术，使其能够像人类一样进行交流和表达情感。此处为固定短语be equipped with意为“配备”。故填with。 8. 考查名词复数。句意：它配备了先进的技术，使其能够像人类一样进行交流和表达情感。此处为名词作宾语，emotion意为“情感”为可数名词，此处表示“多种情感”，所以使用名词复数形式。故填emotions。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：它将与人类学生在工作坊、实验室研究和创意项目中合作，帮助探索新型数字艺术。此处作伴随状语，help和逻辑主语It为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填helping。 10. 考查形容词比较级。句意：在未来，它将为数字艺术领域做出更大的贡献，我们都期待着看到它在学院的精彩表现。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词contributions，根据空前much以及句意可知，此处表示“更大的”，所以使用形容词比较级。故填greater。 Passage 4 （2025·吉林·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During wartime, letters of support from overseas Chinese communities carried more than words of comfort-they represented a nation’s determination 1 (resist) invaders. An exhibition displaying such letters, called qiaopi, 2 (hold) now in Shantou, Guangdong province, 3 (mark) the 80th anniversary of victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-1945) and the World Anti-Fascist War. Held at Shantou Museum, the exhibition 4 (title) Letters in Wartime, Attachments to Homeland also highlights the role of the Dongxing remittance (汇款) route, a 5 (finance) lifeline during those unstable years. Qiaopi, 6 unique form of correspondence, served 7 both a letter and money transfers by overseas Chinese people to their families in the provinces of Guangdong and Fujian in the 19th and 20th centuries. At that time, for countless emigrants, 8 (particular) those from Guangdong and Fujian, qiaopi became the primary means of supporting loved ones back home while sharing news, 9 (affect) and the hope of reunion. The exhibition shows the vast number of overseas Chinese in North America and Southeast Asia 10 relied on the secret Dongxing remittance route to send money and related supplies back home to support the war against Japanese aggression. 【答案】 1. to resist 2. is being held 3. marking 4. titled 5. financial 6. a 7. as 8. particularly 9. affection 10. who/that 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了广东省汕头市正在举办的一场侨批展览，通过侨批和东兴汇款路线，展示了海外华人在抗战期间对祖国的支持和贡献。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：战时，海外华人社区的支持信件不仅承载着安慰的话语，更代表了一个国家抵抗侵略者的决心。“determination to do...”是固定搭配，意为“做……的决心”，用不定式作后置定语。故填to resist。 2. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：一场名为“侨批”的展览正在广东省汕头市举行，以纪念中国人民抗日战争（1931-1945）和世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年。hold(举办)是谓语动词，与主语An exhibition之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“now”可知，讲述现在正在发生的事情，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is being held。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一场名为“侨批”的展览正在广东省汕头市举行，以纪念中国人民抗日战争（1931-1945）和世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年。“(mark) the 80th anniversary of victory...”作伴随状语，mark(纪念)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语An exhibition之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填marking。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：此次在汕头博物馆举行的名为《战时书信，家国情怀》的展览，还突出了东兴汇款路线的作用，这条路线是动荡岁月中的金融生命线。“(title) Letters in Wartime, Attachments to Homeland”作后置定语，title(给……命名)用非谓语形式，与逻辑主语the exhibition之间是被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填titled。 5. 考查形容词。句意：此次在汕头博物馆举行的名为《战时书信，家国情怀》的展览，还突出了东兴汇款路线的作用，这条路线是动荡岁月中的金融生命线。提示词修饰名词lifeline，用形容词financial作定语，意为“金融的”。故填financial。 6. 考查冠词。句意：侨批是19世纪和20世纪海外华人向广东和福建省的家人寄送的一种独特的信件形式，兼具信件和汇款功能。form(形式)是可数名词，此处泛指“一种独特的形式”，且unique发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 7. 考查介词。句意：侨批是19世纪和20世纪海外华人向广东和福建省的家人寄送的一种独特的信件形式，兼具信件和汇款功能。“serve as...”是固定短语，意为“充当……，起……作用”。故填as。 8. 考查副词。句意：当时，对于无数的移民来说，尤其是那些来自广东和福建的移民，侨批成为养活家乡亲人的主要方式，同时也分享着新闻、情感和团聚的希望。提示词修饰“those from Guangdong and Fujian”，用副词particularly作状语，意为“尤其，特别”。故填particularly。 9. 考查名词。句意：当时，对于无数的移民来说，尤其是那些来自广东和福建的移民，侨批成为养活家乡亲人的主要方式，同时也分享着新闻、情感和团聚的希望。提示词与名词news和hope是并列关系，用名词形式affection作宾语，意为“情感”，不可数名词。故填affection。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：展览展示了北美和东南亚的大量海外华人依靠秘密的东兴汇款路线将资金和相关物资寄回家乡，以支持抗日战争。“ 10 relied on the secret Dongxing remittance route to send money and related supplies back home to support the war against Japanese aggression”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The vast number of overseas Chinese，指人，关系词将其代入定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who或that引导该从句。故填who或that。 Passage 5 （2025·湖南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When I set off in 2008 from Nashville in the U.S. for Shenyang, China, my wallet was filled with cash and credit cards. Seventeen years later, my wallet 1 (gather) dust. My smartphone handles everything about payment. In my early days in Shenyang, cash ruled. Today, even an elderly 2 (sell) at the local market greets customers with a payment QR code (二维码). China's mobile payment development, 3 (push) by many advanced mobile software platforms, has been a way of life. These apps process some 500 trillion yuan 4 (annual), connecting people to services ranging from public transit to healthcare. The next hit came in late 2019 with 5 launch of the pilot programs of digital yuan, a state-backed currency designed 6 (function) both online and offline, which safeguards privacy and reduces transaction (交易) fees. 7 the popularity of American mobile payment service Venmo, digital yuan is 8 (efficient) than physical cash and heightens my perception of safety. By the end of June 2024, China's e-CNY transactions increased to 7 trillion yuan. China's innovations are drawing global attention. 9 (create) projects like mBridge, a cross-border payment project involving the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong Special Administrative region, Thailand and the United Arab Emirates, are testing the e-CNY for international trade, 10 aim is to simplify transactions and lessen reliance on systems like SWIFT, the U.S-dominated global banking network. 【答案】 1. gathers 2. seller 3. pushed 4. annually 5. the 6. to function 7. Despite 8. more efficient 9. Creative 10. whose 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了作者从2008年到中国沈阳后，见证了中国移动支付的发展历程。 1. 考查动词时态。句意：十七年后，我的钱包积满了灰尘。根据句意和时间状语“Seventeen years later”可知，此处描述的是2025年当前的情况，谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是单数，空处谓语动词需用单数gathers。故填gathers。 2. 考查名词。句意：如今，即使是当地市场上的一位老年商贩也用支付二维码迎接顾客。根据an elderly和greets可知，此处应是可数名词单数seller，意为“商贩”。故填seller。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在许多先进的移动软件平台的推动下，中国的移动支付发展已经成为一种生活方式。此处是非谓语，China's mobile payment development与push是动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语。故填pushed。 4. 考查副词。句意：这些应用程序每年处理约500万亿元，从公共交通到医疗保健等各式服务，人们都可以进行移动支付。修饰动词process，应用副词annually，意为 “每年”。故填annually。 5. 考查冠词。句意：下一个热门事件发生在 2019 年底，数字人民币试点项目启动，数字人民币是一种由国家支持的货币，旨在在线上和线下都能发挥作用，它保护隐私并降低交易费用。根据空前介词with和空后可数名词launch可知，此处应是冠词，且launch后有介词短语of the pilot programs of digital yuan修饰，表特指，应用定冠词the。故填the。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：下一个热门事件发生在2019年底，数字人民币试点项目启动，数字人民币是一种由国家支持的货币，旨在在线上和线下都能发挥作用，它保护隐私并降低交易费用。sth. be designed to do sth.是固定用法，意为“被设计用于做……/目的是/旨在做某事”，此空应用动词不定式。故填to function。 7. 考查介词。句意：尽管美国移动支付服务Venmo很受欢迎，但数字人民币比实体现金更高效，也增强了我的安全感。空后是名词结构，此空应用介词。此处表示转折，用介词despite，意为“尽管”，后接名词短语the popularity of American mobile payment service Venmo，句首字母大写。故填Despite。 8. 考查形容词比较级。句意：尽管美国移动支付服务Venmo很受欢迎，但数字人民币比实体现金更高效，也增强了我的安全感。根据“than (比)”和“and heightens my perception of safety (增强了我的安全感)”可知，此处表示更高效，应用形容词比较级more efficient。故填more efficient。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：创新项目如多边央行数字货币桥（mBridge）——一个由中国内地、香港特别行政区、泰国及阿联酋共同参与的跨境支付项目——正在测试数字人民币（e-CNY）在国际贸易中的应用，其目标在于简化交易流程，并减少对以美国为主导的全球银行网络SWIFT系统的依赖。空处需用形容词作定语修饰空后名词，句首单词需大写。故填Creative。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：同上。此空引导定语从句，先行词是a cross-border payment project，与aim是所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导，whose在从句中作定语。故填whose。 Passage 6 （25-26高三上·四川广安·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The vibrant Naadam festival, a cornerstone of Mongolian culture in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 1 (continue) to attract large numbers of locals and tourists each summer. Meaning “games” in Mongolian, this nationally 2 (recognize) intangible cultural heritage event celebrates strength, courage, and tradition through its historic “Three Manly Games”: Bokh (Mongolian wrestling), horse racing, and archery, with documented roots 3 (date) back 800 years. The 35th Inner Mongolia Grassland Naadam Festival started on July 19 in Xilin Gol League in heavy rain. 4 the downpour created muddy conditions for some visitors, rainfall is considered auspicious on the grasslands, symbolizing prosperity for livestock and pastures (牧场). The opening ceremony featured 5 striking procession (队列) of over 1,000 herders and 512 traditionally dressed, bare-chested wrestlers circling an arena. Performances highlighted distinctive Mongolian arts like throat singing and Long Song (蒙古长调). Dynamic moments, such as female riders grabbing hada scarves 6 full speed and archers swiftly releasing arrows, became popular online content. Despite weather-related delays to some events, people remained 7 (enthusiasm). The festival proved economically significant: by the morning of July 21, the main venue alone 8 (welcome) over 200,000 visits, generating revenue exceeding 60 million yuan ($8.4 million) — a 40% year-on-year increase. Naadam 9 (powerful) represents Mongolian heritage and spirit, drawing widespread 10 (participate) and appreciation. 【答案】 1. continues 2. recognized 3. dating 4. Although/ Though /While 5. a 6. at 7. enthusiastic 8. had welcomed 9. powerfully 10. participation 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了中国内蒙古自治区蒙古族文化的核心 —— 那达慕大会，包括其文化内涵、第35届内蒙古草原那达慕大会的举办情况、活动内容以及带来的经济和文化影响。 1. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：充满活力的那达慕大会是中国北方内蒙古自治区蒙古族文化的核心，每年夏天都会吸引大量当地人和游客。主语“The vibrant Naadam festival”为单数，且根据时间状语“each summer”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填continues。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“那达慕”在蒙古语中意为“游戏”，这一国家级非物质文化遗产项目通过具有800年历史记载的“男子三项竞技”—— 搏克（蒙古摔跤）、赛马和射箭，颂扬力量、勇气与传统。空处为非谓语动词，和被修饰的名词“intangible cultural heritage event”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作定语。故填recognized。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。句中已有谓语动词“celebrates”，且无连词连接，此处应用非谓语动词，“roots”与“date back”之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语，构成with的复合结构。故填dating。 4. 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然大雨给一些游客带来了泥泞的环境，但在草原上，降雨被认为是吉祥的，象征着牲畜和牧场的繁荣。前文“the downpour created muddy conditions for some visitors(大雨给一些游客带来了泥泞的环境)”与后文“rainfall is considered auspicious on the grasslands(降雨在草原上被认为是吉祥的)”之间存在转折关系，此处应用表示转折的连词连接让步状语从句，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Although/Though/While。 5. 考查冠词。句意：开幕式上，1000多名牧民和512名身着传统服饰、赤膊的摔跤手组成了一支引人注目的队伍，绕着竞技场行进。“procession”为可数名词单数，此处表示“一支引人注目的队伍”，表泛指，且 striking是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 6. 考查介词。句意：女骑手全速抢夺哈达、射箭手快速射箭等充满活力的瞬间，成为了热门的网络内容。“at full speed”为固定短语，意为“全速地”，符合语境。故填at。 7. 考查形容词。句意：尽管一些活动因天气原因推迟，但人们仍然热情高涨。此处在系动词remained后，应用形容词作表语，enthusiasm的形容词形式为enthusiastic，表示“热情的”。故填enthusiastic。 8. 考查动词时态。句意：这次大会具有重要的经济意义：截至7月21日上午，仅主会场就接待了超过20万人次的游客，创收超过6000万元人民币（840 万美元），同比增长40%。根据时间状语 “by the morning of July 21(截至7月21日上午)”可知，此处表示“到过去某个时间点已经完成的动作”，应用过去完成时，其结构为“had + 过去分词”。故填had welcomed。 9. 考查副词。句意：那达慕有力地体现了蒙古族的文化遗产和精神，赢得了广泛的参与和赞赏。此处应用副词修饰动词represents，powerful的副词形式为powerfully，表示“有力地”。故填powerfully。 10. 考查名词。句意：同上。此处应用名词作drawing的宾语，participate的名词形式为participation，为不可数名词，故填participation。 12 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考核心语法·精练 第13讲 主谓一致2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、意义一致原则用法表 此表格梳理 “意义一致” 核心场景，即根据主语所表达的语义（整体 / 个体、类别 / 抽象概念等）判断谓语单复数，覆盖集体名词、单复同形名词等高频主语类型，是主谓一致基础且灵活的判断原则。 主语类型 核心规则 示例 集体名词（family/team/committee 等） 1. 强调整体（视为单数概念）→谓语单数 2. 强调成员（视为复数个体）→谓语复数 1. The team has won the game.（强调整体） 2. The team are discussing the plan.（强调成员） 特殊集体名词（people/police/cattle 等） 本身表复数概念，谓语动词必用复数 1. The police are investigating the accident. 2. Cattle feed on grass. 单复同形名词（sheep/means/species 等） 按主语意义或限定词（this/that/all 等）判断单复数 1. This means is effective.（this 表单数） 2. All means have been tried.（all 表复数） the + 形容词（the rich/the injured 等） 1. 表 “一类人”（复数概念）→谓语复数 2. 表 “抽象概念”（单数概念）→谓语单数 1. The injured were sent to hospital.（表一类人） 2. The beautiful is not always good.（表抽象概念） 时间 / 距离 / 机构 / 金钱（10 minutes/The UN/500 yuan 等） 视为整体单数概念，谓语常用单数 1. Ten minutes is enough for the break. 2. The United Nations plays an important role. 注意事项： 1. 集体名词的语义判断需结合语境，如 “family” 在 “Our family is small” 中强调整体（单数），在 “Our family are all music lovers” 中强调成员（复数）； 2. “the + 形容词” 表抽象概念时，需通过语义区分（如 “the old” 表老人（复数），“the old” 表 “旧事物” 时表单数，需结合上下文）； 3. 单复同形名词需关注限定词，“this/that” 后接单数谓语，“these/those/all” 后接复数谓语，不可仅凭名词形式判断。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The family ________ (be) a big one with ten members, and all of them live happily together. 2. The police ________ (investigate) the traffic accident that happened on the main road yesterday. 3. This means of communication ________ (prove) to be very effective in our daily life. 4. The injured in the earthquake ________ (send) to the nearest hospital for treatment immediately after the disaster. 5. Ten thousand yuan ________ (be) not a small amount of money for a poor family in the countryside. 二、语法一致原则用法表 此表格聚焦 “语法一致” 核心场景，即根据主语的语法形式（单复数、结构类型等）直接判断谓语单复数，覆盖不定式 / 动名词作主语、分数 / 百分数修饰名词等高频考点，是主谓一致最基础的判断原则。 主语类型 核心规则 示例 不定式 / 动名词 / 从句作主语 视为单数概念，谓语动词用单数 1. To learn English is important. 2. What he said is true. 分数 / 百分数 + 名词 谓语单复数与被修饰的 “中心名词” 一致（不看分数 / 百分数本身） 1. Two-thirds of the students are from rural areas.（中心词 students 复数） 2. 50% of the water is polluted.（中心词 water 单数） most/the rest + 名词 谓语单复数与被修饰的 “中心名词” 一致 1. Most of the books are new.（中心词 books 复数） 2. The rest of the milk is in the fridge.（中心词 milk 单数） quantity 短语（a large quantity of/large quantities of） 1. a large quantity of + 名词→谓语单数 2. large quantities of + 名词→谓语复数（与 quantity 单复数一致） 1. A large quantity of rice is stored. 2. Large quantities of rice are stored. and 连接并列主语 1. 表 “同一人 / 物 / 概念”→谓语单数 2. 表 “不同人 / 物”→谓语复数 3. 受 each/every/no 修饰→谓语单数 1. The writer and poet is coming.（同一人） 2. The writer and the poet are coming.（不同人） 3. Every boy and girl has a book.（受 every 修饰） the number of.../a number of... 1. the number of...（表 “…… 的数量”）→谓语单数 2. a number of...（表 “许多”）→谓语复数 1. The number of students is increasing. 2. A number of students are absent. one of.../the only one of... + 定语从句 1. one of... + 从句→从句谓语复数 2. the only one of... + 从句→从句谓语单数（强调 “唯一”） 1. He is one of the students who have passed.（多个学生通过） 2. He is the only one of the students who has passed.（唯一通过的学生） 注意事项： 1. “and 连接主语” 表同一人时，后一名词无冠词（如 “The teacher and writer” 指同一人），表不同人时需加冠词（如 “The teacher and the writer” 指两人）； 2. 分数 / 百分数修饰名词时，中心词若为不可数名词（如 water），无论分数多大，谓语均用单数； 3. “one of...+ 从句” 中，从句修饰 “students”（复数），故谓语用复数；“the only one of...” 中，从句修饰 “the only one”（单数），故谓语用单数，不可混淆。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. What he said at the meeting ________ (be) very important for our future development. 2. Seventy percent of the land in this area ________ (cover) with thick forests and grasslands. 3. A large quantity of fresh water ________ (store) in the reservoir to meet the needs of the city. 4. The writer and translator ________ (be) going to attend the international literary conference next month. 5. He is one of the students who ________ (win) the first prize in the English competition this year. 三、就近一致与就远一致原则用法表 此表格梳理 “就近一致”“就远一致” 两大特殊原则，即根据主语与谓语的 “距离”（最近 / 最远）判断单复数，覆盖并列连词、介词短语修饰主语等高频场景。 类型 适用场景 核心规则 示例 就近一致 1. 并列连词：either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., not...but... 2. 固定句型：There be 句型、The following... 句型 谓语单复数与 “最近的主语” 保持一致 1. Either you or he is wrong.（最近主语 he 单数） 2. There are two pens and a book.（最近主语 pens 复数） 3. The following is a letter and photos.（最近主语 a letter 单数） 就远一致 主语 + 介词 / 介词短语：with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, except, including 等 谓语单复数与 “前面的主语”（远主语）保持一致，不受后续短语影响 1. The singer along with her band is preparing.（远主语 singer 单数） 2. He rather than his parents is to blame.（远主语 he 单数） 3. All except Tom are here.（远主语 All 复数） 注意事项： 1. “not only...but also...” 连接主语时，口语中可按 “就近一致”，正式语境中也可按 “意义一致”，但高考中优先按 “就近一致” 判断； 2. 就远一致中的介词短语仅作修饰，不改变主语的单复数（如 “The teacher with his students” 中，主语仍是 “the teacher”，谓语用单数）； 3. There be 句型中，若主语含 “and”，需按 “就近一致”，不可按 “and 连接主语表复数” 判断（如 “There is a book and two pens” 正确，不可说 “There are a book and two pens”）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Either you or your brother ________ (be) responsible for the mistake you made yesterday. 2. There ________ (be) a dictionary and several textbooks on the desk when I left the classroom. 3. The teacher along with her students ________ (visit) the science museum this weekend. 4. Not only my parents but also my sister ________ (like) playing the piano in their spare time. 5. All except my best friend ________ (arrive) at the party on time yesterday evening. 四、主谓一致特殊注意点表 此表格梳理文档中 “用法拓展” 的特殊场景，覆盖 more than one 结构、以 - s 结尾的特殊名词等易混淆考点，是高考主谓一致的难点补充。 特殊场景 核心规则 示例 more than one + 单数名词 /more + 复数名词 + than one 1. more than one + 单数名词→谓语单数 2. more + 复数名词 + than one→谓语复数 1. More than one student has applied.（单数） 2. More students than one have applied.（复数） a series of/a kind of/a pair of + 名词 谓语单复数与 “series/kind/pair” 的单复数一致（不看后续名词） 1. A series of lectures is scheduled.（series 单数） 2. Two pairs of shoes are missing.（pairs 复数） 以 - s 结尾的国名 / 地名 / 学科名（形复实单） 视为单数概念，谓语用单数 1. The Alps is a famous mountain range. 2. Mathematics is my favorite subject. 3. Physics is difficult to learn. 强调句型（It is/was + 被强调部分 + who/that...） 1. It 后固定用 is/was（单数） 2. who/that 后谓语单复数与 “被强调部分” 一致 1. It is he who helps others.（被强调部分 he 单数） 2. It was the students who won the game.（被强调部分 students 复数） 注意事项： 1. “more than one + 单数名词” 虽表 “不止一个”，但语法上视为单数，谓语需用单数，不可按语义用复数； 2. 以 - s 结尾的学科名（如 politics/economics）、国名（如 the United States）均为 “形复实单”，谓语用单数，不可因 “-s” 误判为复数； 3. 强调句型中，即使被强调部分是复数，It 后仍用 is/was（如 “It is they who are wrong” 正确，不可说 “It are they who are wrong”）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. More than one student in our class ________ (apply) for the scholarship offered by the university. 2. A series of lectures on environmental protection ________ (hold) in our school next month to raise students' awareness. 3. Mathematics ________ (be) not an easy subject for most middle school students, but it is very important. 4. It is my parents who ________ (support) me through all the difficult times in my life. 5. More people than one ________ (agree) that the government should take more measures to protect the environment. 一、语法填空：在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor. And the other (be) that I wanted to help people in need. 2．（2021高三上·浙江·专题练习）The majority of visitors (be)in favor of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subject (be) simply surprising. 3．（2021高三上·浙江·专题练习）There (be) a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox. ＝There (be) two pens and a pencil in the pencilbox . 4．（2021高三上·浙江·专题练习）Not only the students but also their teacher (be) enjoying the film. 5．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）In the US, only when someone sits in the driver’s seat driverless cars allowed on roads in certain states. 6．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Christmas is the most important festival in the western world. It (fall) on December 25. 7．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Look.There (be) a pair of shoes, a box of apples and some drinks under the table. 8．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Two thirds of my leisure time is spent on reading and the remaining one third (spend) in doing outdoor sports. 9．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Reading English novels for 30 minutes every morning (help) improve vocabulary and reading comprehension effectively. 10．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Not both of them (come) to the party. 11．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）While we may change friends, the number of people we can keep in touch with (stay) the same in a certain time. 12．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）There (be) not as much homework as I was used to, but it was still tough for me. 13．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）With so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the (expect). 14．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Being exposed to English frequently (able) us to have a good command of this language. 15．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）Not only I, in the activity, tried something new, but it allows me to take on responsibility. Passage 1 （2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 1 (cover)an area about three times 2 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 3 (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 4 (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 5 (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 6 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 7 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and 8 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. Giant pandas also serve 9 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 10 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. Passage 2 （2022·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式. A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 1 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 2 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 3 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 4 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 5 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 6 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. In the last five years. Cao 7 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 8 (high) mountain. Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers 9 Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 10 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. Passage 3 （2025·重庆·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 “Xueba 01”, 1 (know) as China’s first robot PhD student, 2 (draw) much attention since its registration at the Shanghai Theatre Academy (STA). This event shows that artificial intelligence is now part of higher education. “Xueba 01” was made by a team led by Professor Li Qingdu from the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology. As 3 “embodied AI”, the robot learns artistic creation through physical 4 (interact). It is 1.75 meters tall and weighs about 30 kilograms. Its flexible silicone skin allows it 5 (make) human-like facial expressions and gestures. During the orientation, “Xueba 01” got its student ID and talked with Pan Tao, a famous CCTV news host. After their talk, Pan said, “It answers very fast. It uses both words and eye contact, 6 was more than I expected.” It is equipped 7 advanced technology, enabling it to communicate and express 8 (emotion) like humans. It will work with human students in workshops, lab research, and creative projects, 9 (help) to explore new kinds of digital art. In the future, it will make much 10 (great) contributions to the field of digital art, and we are all looking forward to seeing its wonderful performance in the academy. Passage 4 （2025·吉林·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During wartime, letters of support from overseas Chinese communities carried more than words of comfort-they represented a nation’s determination 1 (resist) invaders. An exhibition displaying such letters, called qiaopi, 2 (hold) now in Shantou, Guangdong province, 3 (mark) the 80th anniversary of victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-1945) and the World Anti-Fascist War. Held at Shantou Museum, the exhibition 4 (title) Letters in Wartime, Attachments to Homeland also highlights the role of the Dongxing remittance (汇款) route, a 5 (finance) lifeline during those unstable years. Qiaopi, 6 unique form of correspondence, served 7 both a letter and money transfers by overseas Chinese people to their families in the provinces of Guangdong and Fujian in the 19th and 20th centuries. At that time, for countless emigrants, 8 (particular) those from Guangdong and Fujian, qiaopi became the primary means of supporting loved ones back home while sharing news, 9 (affect) and the hope of reunion. The exhibition shows the vast number of overseas Chinese in North America and Southeast Asia 10 relied on the secret Dongxing remittance route to send money and related supplies back home to support the war against Japanese aggression. Passage 5 （2025·湖南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When I set off in 2008 from Nashville in the U.S. for Shenyang, China, my wallet was filled with cash and credit cards. Seventeen years later, my wallet 1 (gather) dust. My smartphone handles everything about payment. In my early days in Shenyang, cash ruled. Today, even an elderly 2 (sell) at the local market greets customers with a payment QR code (二维码). China's mobile payment development, 3 (push) by many advanced mobile software platforms, has been a way of life. These apps process some 500 trillion yuan 4 (annual), connecting people to services ranging from public transit to healthcare. The next hit came in late 2019 with 5 launch of the pilot programs of digital yuan, a state-backed currency designed 6 (function) both online and offline, which safeguards privacy and reduces transaction (交易) fees. 7 the popularity of American mobile payment service Venmo, digital yuan is 8 (efficient) than physical cash and heightens my perception of safety. By the end of June 2024, China's e-CNY transactions increased to 7 trillion yuan. China's innovations are drawing global attention. 9 (create) projects like mBridge, a cross-border payment project involving the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong Special Administrative region, Thailand and the United Arab Emirates, are testing the e-CNY for international trade, 10 aim is to simplify transactions and lessen reliance on systems like SWIFT, the U.S-dominated global banking network. Passage 6 （25-26高三上·四川广安·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The vibrant Naadam festival, a cornerstone of Mongolian culture in north China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 1 (continue) to attract large numbers of locals and tourists each summer. Meaning “games” in Mongolian, this nationally 2 (recognize) intangible cultural heritage event celebrates strength, courage, and tradition through its historic “Three Manly Games”: Bokh (Mongolian wrestling), horse racing, and archery, with documented roots 3 (date) back 800 years. The 35th Inner Mongolia Grassland Naadam Festival started on July 19 in Xilin Gol League in heavy rain. 4 the downpour created muddy conditions for some visitors, rainfall is considered auspicious on the grasslands, symbolizing prosperity for livestock and pastures (牧场). The opening ceremony featured 5 striking procession (队列) of over 1,000 herders and 512 traditionally dressed, bare-chested wrestlers circling an arena. Performances highlighted distinctive Mongolian arts like throat singing and Long Song (蒙古长调). Dynamic moments, such as female riders grabbing hada scarves 6 full speed and archers swiftly releasing arrows, became popular online content. Despite weather-related delays to some events, people remained 7 (enthusiasm). The festival proved economically significant: by the morning of July 21, the main venue alone 8 (welcome) over 200,000 visits, generating revenue exceeding 60 million yuan ($8.4 million) — a 40% year-on-year increase. Naadam 9 (powerful) represents Mongolian heritage and spirit, drawing widespread 10 (participate) and appreciation. 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $