第7讲 动词时态语态-3-核心语法 重难点专项突破 任务单 2026届高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）

高考核心语法·精练 第7讲 动词时态语态-3 2026年高考语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、复杂时态综合运用（主从句时态呼应）表 此表格聚焦本讲 “复杂时态逻辑” 核心考点，梳理主从句常见时态搭配规则，解决 “多动作混合语境下时态不一致” 问题，是高考综合型时态题的高频考点。 主句时态 从句类型 从句常用时态 核心逻辑 示例 一般过去时 宾语从句 / 时间状语从句 一般过去时 / 过去进行时 / 过去完成时 主句表 “过去动作”，从句动作与主句动作同时 / 先于主句动作 1. He said he lived (同时) in Beijing. 2. When I arrived, she was cooking (同时). 3. He told me he had finished (先于) the work. 一般过去时 宾语从句（表客观真理） 一般现在时 客观真理不受主句过去时态影响，仍用一般现在时 He said the earth goes (客观真理) around the sun. 一般现在时 宾语从句 / 条件状语从句 一般现在时 / 一般将来时 主句表 “当前状态”，从句动作表 “经常性” 或 “未来计划” 1. I know he plays (经常性) basketball every day. 2. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay (未来) at home. 注意事项： 1. 客观真理的时态特殊性：无论主句是过去时还是现在时，从句表客观真理（如科学规律、事实）均用一般现在时，不可随主句变过去时（错误：He said light travelled faster than sound. 正确：He said light travels faster than sound.）； 2. 过去完成时的 “先后” 限制：仅当从句动作 “明确先于主句过去动作” 时才用过去完成时，无先后关系则用一般过去时（错误：She told me she had watched TV last night. 正确：She told me she watched TV last night.——“看 TV” 与 “告诉” 无先后）； 3. 条件状语从句的 “主将从现”：主句用一般将来时，条件状语从句需用一般现在时表将来，不可用一般将来时（错误：If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home. 正确：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The teacher told us that the earth ________ (go) around the sun, which is a basic scientific fact. 2. When I ________ (arrive) at the party last night, my best friend was dancing with her partner. 3. He said that he ________ (finish) his homework before his mother came back home. 4. If it ________ (rain) this weekend, we will have to cancel our plan to go camping. 5. I know that my brother ________ (practice) playing the piano every evening after school. 二、特殊语态场景用法表 此表格对应本讲 “特殊语态” 核心内容，梳理 “主动表被动”“情态动词 + 被动”“need/want/require 特殊用法” 三类高频场景，解决 “非常规语态转换” 问题，。 特殊语态类型 结构规则 适用场景 示例 主动表被动 主语（物）+ 不及物动词（如 sell/wash/last/open） 表 “某物具有某种被动属性”（如易销售、易清洗），无动作执行者 1. This kind of shirt sells well (易销售). 2. The cloth washes easily (易清洗). 情态动词 + 被动 情态动词（can/may/must/should）+ be + 过去分词 表 “对被动动作的能力 / 许可 / 义务 / 建议” 1. The work must be finished (义务) today. 2. This mistake should be corrected (建议) immediately. need/want/require + 被动 need/want/require + doing（主动形式表被动）= need/want/require + to be done 表 “某物需要被……”，主语多为物 1. The room needs cleaning (需要打扫) = The room needs to be cleaned. 2. The machine requires repairing (需要修理) = The machine requires to be repaired. 注意事项： 1. 主动表被动的动词限制：仅少数不及物动词（sell/wash/last/open/close/break 等）可用于 “主动表被动”，且主语必须是物，不可用于人（错误：He sells well. 正确：His books sell well.）； 2. 情态动词被动的 “be 动词不可漏”：结构必须是 “情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，不可省略 “be”（错误：The problem must solved. 正确：The problem must be solved.）； 3. need/want/require 的主语限制：“doing 表被动” 仅当主语是物时适用，主语是人时需用 “to do”（错误：He needs helping. 正确：He needs to be helped. / He needs help.）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. This kind of new material ________ (wash) easily, so it is very popular among consumers. 2. The difficult problem ________ (must solve) before the important meeting begins tomorrow morning. 3. The old house in the countryside ________ (need repair) because it has not been lived in for many years. 4. These valuable ancient paintings ________ (should protect) carefully to avoid being damaged. 5. The newly bought mobile phone ________ (sell) well in the market because of its high performance and low price. 三、语法填空题型专项考查表 此表格梳理本讲复杂时态、特殊语态在该题型中的核心考点及解题逻辑，。 类型 考点要求 解题逻辑步骤 示例 无提示填单词 填入助动词（have/has/had/will）或 be 动词，适配复杂时态 / 特殊语态 1. 分析主从句时态关系，确定所需时态 2. 根据主语单复数 / 时态，确定助动词 /be 动词形式 1. He said he ______ (be) born in 2000.（主句过去时，从句一般过去时，主语 he，填 was） 2. The door ______ (must) be locked before leaving.（情态动词 + 被动，填 must） 给动词填形式 用所给动词的复杂时态 / 特殊语态形式填空 1. 判断动作逻辑：主动 / 被动，是否需 “主动表被动” 2. 结合主从句时态 / 特殊结构，确定动词形式 1. The work ______ (finish) by tomorrow.（未来被动，填 will be finished） 2. This shirt ______ (sell) well, so it’s often out of stock.（主动表被动，填 sells） 注意事项： 1. 无提示填单词的 “时态优先”：先通过主从句关系确定时态（如主句过去时→从句过去相关时态），再确定助动词 /be 动词，不可盲目填写； 2. 给动词填形式的 “被动判断”：若主语是物，且表 “需要被……”“具有被动属性”，优先考虑 “主动表被动” 或 “被动语态”（如 “shirt”+“well”→sells，“work”+“by tomorrow”→will be finished）； 3. 避免 “特殊语态混淆”：需区分 “need doing”（主动表被动）与 “need to do”（主动），如 “The room needs cleaning”（被动） vs “He needs to clean the room”（主动）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. She told me that she ________ (be) going to visit her grandparents in the countryside the next weekend. 2. The old bridge ________（be）rebuilt before the flood season comes to ensure the safety of local residents. 3. The valuable cultural relics ________ (discover) in the ancient tomb have been sent to the museum for protection. 4. The machine ________ (require) checking regularly to keep it in good working condition. 5. He said that he ________ (finish) reading the long novel by the end of last month. 四、高频易错点对比辨析表 此表格针对本讲复杂时态、特殊语态的高频易错点，通过 “错误 - 正确” 对比明确规则。 类型 错误表达 正确表达 核心规则总结 主从句时态呼应错误 He said he will visit us next week.（错误：主句过去时，从句表未来需用过去将来时 would） He said he would visit us next week. 主句过去时，从句表 “未来” 需用过去将来时 would do，不可用 will do 主动表被动滥用 The accident was happened yesterday.（错误：happen 是不及物动词，无被动，不可用 “主动表被动”） The accident happened yesterday. 仅 sell/wash 等少数动词可 “主动表被动”，happen/occur/rise 等不及物动词无此用法，只能用主动 情态动词被动漏 be This problem must solve immediately.（错误：情态动词 + 被动漏 be 动词） This problem must be solved immediately. 情态动词 + 被动结构为 “情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，be 不可漏 need doing 主语错误 He needs repairing his bike.（错误：主语是人，不可用 need doing，需用 need to do） He needs to repair his bike. / His bike needs repairing. need doing 仅适用于主语是物，主语是人需用 need to do 注意事项： 1. 过去将来时的使用场景：仅当主句是过去时，且从句动作 “在主句动作发生时仍未发生”（表未来），才用过去将来时 would do，不可与一般将来时 will do 混淆； 2. 不及物动词的语态限制：所有不及物动词（happen/occur/rise/fall 等）均无被动语态，也不可 “主动表被动”，只能用主动形式； 3. need 用法的主语区分：严格按主语 “人 / 物” 判断 —— 人用 need to do，物用 need doing（=need to be done），不可交叉使用。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. My father said that he ________ (will) take me to the amusement park the next weekend. 2. A sudden heavy rain ________ (happen) when we were on our way to school this morning. 3. The serious mistake in the report ________ (must correct) as soon as possible to avoid bad influence. 4. My younger brother ________ (need help) with his math homework because he is not good at it. 5. The teacher told us that light ________ (travel) faster than sound, which is a well-known physical fact. 一、语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The scientist explained that water ________ (boil) at 100℃ under standard atmospheric pressure. 2. When Tom ________ (call) me yesterday, I was preparing a surprise for his birthday. 3. She told her friends that she ________ (visit) the Great Wall with her parents the previous month. 4. We will go to the beach this Sunday if the weather ________ (be) fine. 5. My mother often says that reading ________ (open) up a new world for us. 6. The new type of battery ________ (last) much longer than the old one, so it sells well. 7. These important files ________ (can not lose) because they contain confidential information. 8. The dirty window in the classroom ________ (want clean) because it affects our view of the blackboard. 9. The ancient temple ________ (should protect) as a cultural heritage to pass on to future generations. 10. This kind of skirt ________ (sell) quickly in summer because of its light and cool material. 11. He said that he ________ (will) attend an international conference in Beijing the following month. 12. The broken computer ________ (must fix) by a professional technician to avoid further damage. 13. The old books ________ (collect) from local residents have been donated to the rural primary school. 14. The tour guide said that the history of this ancient city ________ (date) back to 2,000 years ago. 15. My sister ________ (need help) with her English exam because she has been ill for a week. Passage 1 （2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 1 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 3 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should 5 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 6 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 7 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 8 (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 10 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. Passage 2 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 1 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 2 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 3 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 4 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 5 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 6 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 7 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 8 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 9 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 10 (want) more next time. Passage 3 （2025·湖南湘西·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 The three-day World Humanoid Robot Games, the first large-scale global event of its kind, officially kicked off in Beijing, China, on Friday, August 15, 2025. It has drawn widespread attention as a historic opportunity 1 (display) humanoid robot technology. Over 500 humanoid robots, 2 (represent) 280 teams from 16 countries including the US, Germany and Japan, are competing in a range of sports such as soccer, running and boxing. 3 (operate) remotely by their human teams, these robots not only compete for gold medals but also undergo tests for 4 (flexible) and skill across 26 events — gymnastics, track and field, martial arts, and more. Thursday evening’s opening ceremony 5 (feature) a series of impressive performances: robots danced hip-hop, demonstrated martial arts moves, 6 played musical instruments like the keyboard, guitar and drums. The event comes as China has stepped up efforts to develop advanced AI-powered humanoid robots. During the ceremony, robots also showcased their athletic abilities in soccer and boxing, 7 a large audience cheering them on. In one soccer segment, a robot player scored a goal after a couple of 8 (attempt), knocking the opposing robot goalkeeper to the ground; another robot fell but quickly stood up unassisted. They even joined human models for a clothing show, though one robot tripped over and had to 9 (carry) offstage by two humans. Among the audience was a senior government official from Beijing, 10 , when asked about the significance of the ongoing World Humanoid Robot Games, emphasized that every humanoid robot taking part in this groundbreaking international event “is creating history” through its participation in various athletic and skill-based competitions. Passage 4 （25-26高三上·四川·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Despite the extreme summer heat, 17 Chinese and international volunteers gathered beside the gatehouse of 1 ancient city in the historic Pingyao county of Shanxi province, 2 (careful) restoring bricks under the guidance of master craftsmen. The Shanghai Ruan Yisan Heritage Foundation, together with Pingyao county, hosted a volunteer camp focused on architectural heritage 3 (conserve) in Dongquan village, a traditional settlement in northern China in August. Over two weeks, the volunteers helped restore the gatehouse and 4 (surround) walls of the centuries-old yard. They visited the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Pingyao Ancient City, as well as historic 5 (landmark), like Shuanglin Temple and Zhenguo Temple. Leading the French group of 26-year-old Aurore Franche, 6 is a fashion model and has a deep passion for cultural heritage preservation. She saw cultural heritage as a concrete link to the past, and joined the camp 7 (gain) firsthand experience with traditional Chinese craftsmanship. “Cultural heritage preservation is a universal mission, 8 (require) a bridge between tradition and modernity. We hope that through our efforts, these precious treasures can be passed on 9 the future,” said Aurore Franche. Sara Zuniga, a university student from Mexico, said her studies 10 (fuel) by a desire to understand the brilliant ancient civilizations. “Unfortunately, many of Mexico’s historical sites have been damaged over time, which motivates me even more to protect the remaining sites,” she added. Passage 5 （2025·云南楚雄·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Short-form dramas have rapidly become 1 major trend in digital entertainment, especially among young people. These episodes, usually between one to ten minutes long, 2 (design) for quick consumption on platforms like TikTok, Instagram Reels, and YouTube Shorts. Their growth is 3 (large) due to changing media habits. With shrinking attention spans and busier lifestyles, short dramas offer instant storytelling — full of emotion, conflict, and climax in just a few minutes. They are easy 4 (watch) during breaks, commutes, or between study sessions. Socially, these dramas have a significant impact. Positively, they provide a platform for new writers and actors to showcase their talent. They often address real-life issues such as friendship, family pressure, or dreams, 5 resonate with teenagers. Some series even raise 6 (aware) around social topics like bullying or environmental protection. However, there are downsides. The fast-paced style may encourage impulsive watching, 7 (lead) to excessive screen time. Some content prioritizes excitement over accuracy, spreading whether stereotypes 8 unrealistic expectations. Also, there are concerns that watching too many short videos could affect concentration spans over time. In conclusion, short dramas are a double-edged sword. They bring stories to life in a fresh and accessible way but should 9 (enjoy) mindfully. As high school students, it’s important to choose meaningful content and balance entertainment 10 other activities. Passage 6 （25-26高三上·山东泰安·开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 More than 7 million Internet users were attracted by a live stream 1 (theme) “When technology meets the beauty of traditional opera” this year. One of the highlights was how nearly 50 classic operas 2 (present) to audiences in a new way by making use of diverse digital technologies. In the comment section of the live stream, many people expressed their praise 3 the beauty of traditional Chinese opera. In theaters, demand for excellent operas 4 have been updated by VR technology has been rising. You cannot buy a ticket if you hesitate for even 5 second. Many attempts have been made to achieve “opera plus technology”, but only 6 (depend) on technology is not enough to promote traditional opera. How to 7 (creative) write stories suitable for today’s tastes is another important issue. The growing interest in Yue Opera comes from the huge 8 (succeed) of New Dragon Gate Inn. The show, adapted from the 1992 classic action movie of the same name while also adding new elements to the story, wins young 9 (audiences) hearts easily. Technology and creativity have injected (注入) new life into traditional Chinese opera. However, challenges still exist, including the unsuitable use of technology on stage that 10 (harm) the atmosphere of opera. But it’s important to remember that “Change brings prosperity while stagnation (停滞) leads to decline.” 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考核心语法·精练 第7讲 动词时态语态-3 2026年高考语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、复杂时态综合运用（主从句时态呼应）表 此表格聚焦本讲 “复杂时态逻辑” 核心考点，梳理主从句常见时态搭配规则，解决 “多动作混合语境下时态不一致” 问题，是高考综合型时态题的高频考点。 主句时态 从句类型 从句常用时态 核心逻辑 示例 一般过去时 宾语从句 / 时间状语从句 一般过去时 / 过去进行时 / 过去完成时 主句表 “过去动作”，从句动作与主句动作同时 / 先于主句动作 1. He said he lived (同时) in Beijing. 2. When I arrived, she was cooking (同时). 3. He told me he had finished (先于) the work. 一般过去时 宾语从句（表客观真理） 一般现在时 客观真理不受主句过去时态影响，仍用一般现在时 He said the earth goes (客观真理) around the sun. 一般现在时 宾语从句 / 条件状语从句 一般现在时 / 一般将来时 主句表 “当前状态”，从句动作表 “经常性” 或 “未来计划” 1. I know he plays (经常性) basketball every day. 2. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay (未来) at home. 注意事项： 1. 客观真理的时态特殊性：无论主句是过去时还是现在时，从句表客观真理（如科学规律、事实）均用一般现在时，不可随主句变过去时（错误：He said light travelled faster than sound. 正确：He said light travels faster than sound.）； 2. 过去完成时的 “先后” 限制：仅当从句动作 “明确先于主句过去动作” 时才用过去完成时，无先后关系则用一般过去时（错误：She told me she had watched TV last night. 正确：She told me she watched TV last night.——“看 TV” 与 “告诉” 无先后）； 3. 条件状语从句的 “主将从现”：主句用一般将来时，条件状语从句需用一般现在时表将来，不可用一般将来时（错误：If it will rain tomorrow, we will stay at home. 正确：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The teacher told us that the earth ________ (go) around the sun, which is a basic scientific fact. 【答案】goes 【解析】考查主从句时态呼应（客观真理）。句意：老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转，这是一个基本的科学事实。根据表格规则，主句为一般过去时，但从句表客观真理，需用一般现在时，主语 “the earth” 为单数，故填 goes。 2. When I ________ (arrive) at the party last night, my best friend was dancing with her partner. 【答案】arrived 【解析】考查主从句时态呼应（同时发生）。句意：昨晚我到达派对时，我最好的朋友正在和她的舞伴跳舞。根据表格规则，主句为过去进行时，从句动作与主句动作同时发生，需用一般过去时，“arrive” 的过去式为 “arrived”，故填 arrived。 3. He said that he ________ (finish) his homework before his mother came back home. 【答案】had finished 【解析】考查主从句时态呼应（动作先后）。句意：他说他在妈妈回家前就已经完成了作业。根据表格规则，主句为一般过去时，从句动作先于主句动作，需用过去完成时，“finish” 的过去分词为 “finished”，故填 had finished。 4. If it ________ (rain) this weekend, we will have to cancel our plan to go camping. 【答案】rains 【解析】考查主从句时态呼应（条件状语从句）。句意：如果这个周末下雨，我们将不得不取消去露营的计划。根据表格规则，主句为一般将来时，条件状语从句需用一般现在时表将来，主语 “it” 为单数，故填 rains。 5. I know that my brother ________ (practice) playing the piano every evening after school. 【答案】practices 【解析】考查主从句时态呼应（经常性动作）。句意：我知道我哥哥每天晚上放学后都练习弹钢琴。根据表格规则，主句为一般现在时，从句表经常性动作，需用一般现在时，主语 “my brother” 为单数，“practice” 的三单形式为 “practices”，故填 practices。 二、特殊语态场景用法表 此表格对应本讲 “特殊语态” 核心内容，梳理 “主动表被动”“情态动词 + 被动”“need/want/require 特殊用法” 三类高频场景，解决 “非常规语态转换” 问题，。 特殊语态类型 结构规则 适用场景 示例 主动表被动 主语（物）+ 不及物动词（如 sell/wash/last/open） 表 “某物具有某种被动属性”（如易销售、易清洗），无动作执行者 1. This kind of shirt sells well (易销售). 2. The cloth washes easily (易清洗). 情态动词 + 被动 情态动词（can/may/must/should）+ be + 过去分词 表 “对被动动作的能力 / 许可 / 义务 / 建议” 1. The work must be finished (义务) today. 2. This mistake should be corrected (建议) immediately. need/want/require + 被动 need/want/require + doing（主动形式表被动）= need/want/require + to be done 表 “某物需要被……”，主语多为物 1. The room needs cleaning (需要打扫) = The room needs to be cleaned. 2. The machine requires repairing (需要修理) = The machine requires to be repaired. 注意事项： 1. 主动表被动的动词限制：仅少数不及物动词（sell/wash/last/open/close/break 等）可用于 “主动表被动”，且主语必须是物，不可用于人（错误：He sells well. 正确：His books sell well.）； 2. 情态动词被动的 “be 动词不可漏”：结构必须是 “情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，不可省略 “be”（错误：The problem must solved. 正确：The problem must be solved.）； 3. need/want/require 的主语限制：“doing 表被动” 仅当主语是物时适用，主语是人时需用 “to do”（错误：He needs helping. 正确：He needs to be helped. / He needs help.）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. This kind of new material ________ (wash) easily, so it is very popular among consumers. 【答案】washes 【解析】考查主动表被动。句意：这种新材料容易清洗，所以很受消费者欢迎。根据表格规则，主语 “material” 为物，“wash” 表 “某物具有易清洗的被动属性”，用主动形式表被动含义，主语为单数，故填 washes。 2. The difficult problem ________ (must solve) before the important meeting begins tomorrow morning. 【答案】must be solved 【解析】考查情态动词 + 被动语态。句意：这个难题必须在明天上午重要会议开始前解决。根据表格规则，情态动词 + 被动语态结构为 “情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，“solve” 的过去分词为 “solved”，故填 must be solved。 3. The old house in the countryside ________ (need repair) because it has not been lived in for many years. 【答案】needs repairing/to be repaired 【解析】考查 need + 被动结构。句意：乡下的这座老房子需要修理，因为它已经很多年没人住了。根据表格规则，主语 “house” 为物，“need+doing” 表被动，等同于 “need+to be done”，主语为单数，故填 needs repairing/to be repaired。 4. These valuable ancient paintings ________ (should protect) carefully to avoid being damaged. 【答案】should be protected 【解析】考查情态动词 + 被动语态。句意：这些珍贵的古画应该被小心保护，以免受损。根据表格规则，情态动词 + 被动语态结构为 “情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，“protect” 的过去分词为 “protected”，故填 should be protected。 5. The newly bought mobile phone ________ (sell) well in the market because of its high performance and low price. 【答案】sells 【解析】考查主动表被动。句意：这款新购买的手机因其高性能和低价格在市场上很畅销。根据表格规则，主语 “mobile phone” 为物，“sell” 表 “某物具有畅销的被动属性”，用主动形式表被动含义，主语为单数，故填 sells。 三、语法填空题型专项考查表 此表格梳理本讲复杂时态、特殊语态在该题型中的核心考点及解题逻辑，。 类型 考点要求 解题逻辑步骤 示例 无提示填单词 填入助动词（have/has/had/will）或 be 动词，适配复杂时态 / 特殊语态 1. 分析主从句时态关系，确定所需时态 2. 根据主语单复数 / 时态，确定助动词 /be 动词形式 1. He said he ______ (be) born in 2000.（主句过去时，从句一般过去时，主语 he，填 was） 2. The door ______ (must) be locked before leaving.（情态动词 + 被动，填 must） 给动词填形式 用所给动词的复杂时态 / 特殊语态形式填空 1. 判断动作逻辑：主动 / 被动，是否需 “主动表被动” 2. 结合主从句时态 / 特殊结构，确定动词形式 1. The work ______ (finish) by tomorrow.（未来被动，填 will be finished） 2. This shirt ______ (sell) well, so it’s often out of stock.（主动表被动，填 sells） 注意事项： 1. 无提示填单词的 “时态优先”：先通过主从句关系确定时态（如主句过去时→从句过去相关时态），再确定助动词 /be 动词，不可盲目填写； 2. 给动词填形式的 “被动判断”：若主语是物，且表 “需要被……”“具有被动属性”，优先考虑 “主动表被动” 或 “被动语态”（如 “shirt”+“well”→sells，“work”+“by tomorrow”→will be finished）； 3. 避免 “特殊语态混淆”：需区分 “need doing”（主动表被动）与 “need to do”（主动），如 “The room needs cleaning”（被动） vs “He needs to clean the room”（主动）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. She told me that she ________ (be) going to visit her grandparents in the countryside the next weekend. 【答案】was 【解析】考查无提示填单词（主从句时态呼应）。句意：她告诉我下周末她要去乡下看望祖父母。根据解题逻辑，主句为一般过去时，从句表过去的计划，需用过去将来时 “was going to”，主语 “she” 为单数，故填 was。 2. The old bridge ________（be）rebuilt before the flood season comes to ensure the safety of local residents. 【答案】must be 【解析】考查无提示填单词（情态动词 + 被动语态）。句意：这座旧桥必须在汛期来临前重建，以确保当地居民的安全。根据解题逻辑，需用情态动词表 “义务”，结合被动语态结构，填 “must be”，故填 must be。 3. The valuable cultural relics ________ (discover) in the ancient tomb have been sent to the museum for protection. 【答案】discovered 【解析】考查给动词填形式（过去分词作定语，表被动）。句意：在古墓中发现的珍贵文物已被送往博物馆保护。根据解题逻辑，“relics” 与 “discover” 为被动关系，用过去分词作定语，故填 discovered。 4. The machine ________ (require) checking regularly to keep it in good working condition. 【答案】requires 【解析】考查给动词填形式（need/want/require + 被动结构）。句意：这台机器需要定期检查，以保持良好的工作状态。根据解题逻辑，主语 “machine” 为物，“require+doing” 表被动，主语为单数，故填 requires。 5. He said that he ________ (finish) reading the long novel by the end of last month. 【答案】had finished 【解析】考查无提示填单词（过去完成时）。句意：他说截至上个月月底，他已经读完了那本长篇小说。根据解题逻辑，主句为一般过去时，从句动作先于主句动作，需用过去完成时，填助动词 “had”，故填 had。 四、高频易错点对比辨析表 此表格针对本讲复杂时态、特殊语态的高频易错点，通过 “错误 - 正确” 对比明确规则。 类型 错误表达 正确表达 核心规则总结 主从句时态呼应错误 He said he will visit us next week.（错误：主句过去时，从句表未来需用过去将来时 would） He said he would visit us next week. 主句过去时，从句表 “未来” 需用过去将来时 would do，不可用 will do 主动表被动滥用 The accident was happened yesterday.（错误：happen 是不及物动词，无被动，不可用 “主动表被动”） The accident happened yesterday. 仅 sell/wash 等少数动词可 “主动表被动”，happen/occur/rise 等不及物动词无此用法，只能用主动 情态动词被动漏 be This problem must solve immediately.（错误：情态动词 + 被动漏 be 动词） This problem must be solved immediately. 情态动词 + 被动结构为 “情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，be 不可漏 need doing 主语错误 He needs repairing his bike.（错误：主语是人，不可用 need doing，需用 need to do） He needs to repair his bike. / His bike needs repairing. need doing 仅适用于主语是物，主语是人需用 need to do 注意事项： 1. 过去将来时的使用场景：仅当主句是过去时，且从句动作 “在主句动作发生时仍未发生”（表未来），才用过去将来时 would do，不可与一般将来时 will do 混淆； 2. 不及物动词的语态限制：所有不及物动词（happen/occur/rise/fall 等）均无被动语态，也不可 “主动表被动”，只能用主动形式； 3. need 用法的主语区分：严格按主语 “人 / 物” 判断 —— 人用 need to do，物用 need doing（=need to be done），不可交叉使用。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. My father said that he ________ (will) take me to the amusement park the next weekend. 【答案】would 【解析】考查主从句时态呼应错误纠错。句意：爸爸说下周末他会带我去游乐园。根据规则，主句为一般过去时，从句表 “未来” 需用过去将来时 “would”，不可用 “will”，故填 would。 2. A sudden heavy rain ________ (happen) when we were on our way to school this morning. 【答案】happened 【解析】考查主动表被动滥用纠错。句意：今天早上我们上学的路上，突然下了一场大雨。根据规则，“happen” 是不及物动词，无被动语态，也不可用 “主动表被动”，结合 “this morning” 用一般过去时，故填 happened。 3. The serious mistake in the report ________ (must correct) as soon as possible to avoid bad influence. 【答案】must be corrected 【解析】考查情态动词被动漏 “be” 纠错。句意：报告中的这个严重错误必须尽快纠正，以避免不良影响。根据规则，情态动词 + 被动语态结构为 “情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，不可遗漏 “be”，“correct” 的过去分词为 “corrected”，故填 must be corrected。 4. My younger brother ________ (need help) with his math homework because he is not good at it. 【答案】needs to be helped/needs help 【解析】考查 need doing 主语错误纠错。句意：我弟弟的数学作业需要帮助，因为他不擅长数学。根据规则，主语 “my younger brother” 为人，不可用 “need doing”，需用 “need to be done” 或 “need + 名词”，故填 needs to be helped/needs help。 5. The teacher told us that light ________ (travel) faster than sound, which is a well-known physical fact. 【答案】travels 【解析】考查主从句时态呼应错误纠错。句意：老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快，这是一个众所周知的物理事实。根据规则，主句为一般过去时，但从句表客观真理，需用一般现在时，主语 “light” 为单数，故填 travels。 一、语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The scientist explained that water ________ (boil) at 100℃ under standard atmospheric pressure. 【答案】boils 【解析】考查主从句时态呼应（客观真理）。句意：科学家解释说，在标准大气压下，水在 100 摄氏度沸腾。根据表格规则，主句为一般过去时，但从句表客观科学事实，需用一般现在时，主语 “water” 为不可数名词，故填 boils。 2. When Tom ________ (call) me yesterday, I was preparing a surprise for his birthday. 【答案】called 【解析】考查主从句时态呼应（同时发生）。句意：昨天汤姆给我打电话时，我正在为他的生日准备惊喜。根据表格规则，主句为过去进行时，从句动作（打电话）与主句动作（准备惊喜）同时发生，需用一般过去时，“call” 的过去式为 “called”，故填 called。 3. She told her friends that she ________ (visit) the Great Wall with her parents the previous month. 【答案】had visited 【解析】考查主从句时态呼应（动作先后）。句意：她告诉朋友们，她上个月和父母一起参观了长城。根据表格规则，主句为一般过去时，从句动作（参观长城）先于主句动作（告诉），需用过去完成时，“visit” 的过去分词为 “visited”，故填 had visited。 4. We will go to the beach this Sunday if the weather ________ (be) fine. 【答案】is 【解析】考查主从句时态呼应（条件状语从句）。句意：如果这周日天气好，我们就去海滩。根据表格规则，主句为一般将来时，条件状语从句需用一般现在时表将来，主语 “the weather” 为单数，故填 is。 5. My mother often says that reading ________ (open) up a new world for us. 【答案】opens 【解析】考查主从句时态呼应（经常性动作）。句意：妈妈经常说，阅读为我们打开了一个新世界。根据表格规则，主句为一般现在时，从句表经常性动作带来的客观影响，需用一般现在时，主语 “reading” 为动名词（单数），“open” 的三单形式为 “opens”，故填 opens。 6. The new type of battery ________ (last) much longer than the old one, so it sells well. 【答案】lasts 【解析】考查主动表被动。句意：这种新型电池比旧款续航时间长得多，所以很畅销。根据表格规则，主语 “battery” 为物，“last” 表 “某物具有持久的被动属性”，用主动形式表被动含义，主语为单数，故填 lasts。 7. These important files ________ (can not lose) because they contain confidential information. 【答案】can not be lost 【解析】考查情态动词 + 被动语态。句意：这些重要文件不能丢失，因为它们包含机密信息。根据表格规则，情态动词 + 被动语态结构为 “情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，“lose” 的过去分词为 “lost”，故填 can not be lost。 8. The dirty window in the classroom ________ (want clean) because it affects our view of the blackboard. 【答案】wants cleaning/to be cleaned 【解析】考查 need/want/require + 被动结构。句意：教室里脏了的窗户需要清洁，因为它影响我们看黑板。根据表格规则，主语 “window” 为物，“want+doing” 表被动，等同于 “want+to be done”，主语为单数，故填 wants cleaning/to be cleaned。 9. The ancient temple ________ (should protect) as a cultural heritage to pass on to future generations. 【答案】should be protected 【解析】考查情态动词 + 被动语态。句意：这座古寺应作为文化遗产被保护起来，传承给后代。根据表格规则，情态动词 + 被动语态结构为 “情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，“protect” 的过去分词为 “protected”，故填 should be protected。 10. This kind of skirt ________ (sell) quickly in summer because of its light and cool material. 【答案】sells 【解析】考查主动表被动。句意：这种裙子因为面料轻薄凉爽，在夏天卖得很快。根据表格规则，主语 “skirt” 为物，“sell” 表 “某物具有畅销的被动属性”，用主动形式表被动含义，主语为单数，故填 sells。 11. He said that he ________ (will) attend an international conference in Beijing the following month. 【答案】would 【解析】考查无提示填单词（主从句时态呼应）。句意：他说他下个月将在北京参加一个国际会议。根据解题逻辑，主句为一般过去时，从句表 “过去的未来计划”，需用过去将来时 “would”，故填 would。 12. The broken computer ________ (must fix) by a professional technician to avoid further damage. 【答案】must be fixed 【解析】考查无提示填单词（情态动词 + 被动语态）。句意：这台坏了的电脑必须由专业技术人员修理，以免造成进一步损坏。根据解题逻辑，需用情态动词表 “必要义务”，结合被动语态结构，填 “must be fixed”，故填 must be fixed 。 13. The old books ________ (collect) from local residents have been donated to the rural primary school. 【答案】collected 【解析】考查给动词填形式（过去分词作定语，表被动）。句意：从当地居民那里收集来的旧书已捐赠给了农村小学。根据解题逻辑，“books” 与 “collect” 为被动关系，用过去分词作定语表 “已被收集的”，故填 collected。 14. The tour guide said that the history of this ancient city ________ (date) back to 2,000 years ago. 【答案】dates 【解析】考查主从句时态呼应错误纠错。句意：导游说这座古城的历史可追溯到 2000 年前。根据规则，主句为一般过去时，但从句表 “古城历史追溯” 这一客观事实，需用一般现在时，主语 “the history” 为单数，“date” 的三单形式为 “dates”，故填 dates。 15. My sister ________ (need help) with her English exam because she has been ill for a week. 【答案】needs to be helped/needs help 【解析】考查 need doing 主语错误纠错。句意：我妹妹的英语考试需要帮助，因为她已经病了一周了。根据规则，主语 “my sister” 为人，不可用 “need doing”，需用 “need to be done” 表被动或 “need + 名词”，故填 needs to be helped/needs help。 Passage 1 （2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 1 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 3 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should 5 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 6 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 7 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 8 (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 10 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】 1．to catch 2．treasures 3．what 4．were 5．be done 6．its 7．for 8．completion 9．largest 10．which 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来，即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区，决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏，并为此做出了许多努力。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 2．考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。 4．考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 5．考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 6．考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 7．考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。 8．考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。 9．考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。 10．考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 【点睛】 Passage 2 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 1 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 2 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 3 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 4 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 5 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 6 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 7 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 8 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 9 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 10 (want) more next time. 【答案】 1. tasty 2. to bite 3. or 4. recognized 5. by 6. to be lifted 7. their 8. a 9. rarely 10. wanting 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。 1. 考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。 3. 考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语，故填recognized。 5. 考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted，故填to be lifted。 7. 考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their，故填their。 8. 考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数，故填a。 9. 考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting，故填wanting。 【点睛】 Passage 3 （2025·湖南湘西·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 The three-day World Humanoid Robot Games, the first large-scale global event of its kind, officially kicked off in Beijing, China, on Friday, August 15, 2025. It has drawn widespread attention as a historic opportunity 1 (display) humanoid robot technology. Over 500 humanoid robots, 2 (represent) 280 teams from 16 countries including the US, Germany and Japan, are competing in a range of sports such as soccer, running and boxing. 3 (operate) remotely by their human teams, these robots not only compete for gold medals but also undergo tests for 4 (flexible) and skill across 26 events — gymnastics, track and field, martial arts, and more. Thursday evening’s opening ceremony 5 (feature) a series of impressive performances: robots danced hip-hop, demonstrated martial arts moves, 6 played musical instruments like the keyboard, guitar and drums. The event comes as China has stepped up efforts to develop advanced AI-powered humanoid robots. During the ceremony, robots also showcased their athletic abilities in soccer and boxing, 7 a large audience cheering them on. In one soccer segment, a robot player scored a goal after a couple of 8 (attempt), knocking the opposing robot goalkeeper to the ground; another robot fell but quickly stood up unassisted. They even joined human models for a clothing show, though one robot tripped over and had to 9 (carry) offstage by two humans. Among the audience was a senior government official from Beijing, 10 , when asked about the significance of the ongoing World Humanoid Robot Games, emphasized that every humanoid robot taking part in this groundbreaking international event “is creating history” through its participation in various athletic and skill-based competitions. 【答案】 1. to display 2. representing 3. Operated 4. flexibility 5. featured 6. and 7. with 8. attempts 9. be carried 10. who 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在中国北京开幕的为期三天的世界人形机器人运动会的相关信息。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这引起了广泛关注，因为它是一个展示人形机器人技术的历史性机会。opportunity后常用不定式作后置定语，表示“做某事的机会”。故填to display。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：超过500个仿人机器人，代表着来自16个国家（包括美国、德国和日本）的280个团队，正在参加包括足球、跑步和拳击在内的各类比赛。逻辑主语robots与动词represent之间是主动关系（机器人代表队伍），故用现在分词作后置定语。故填representing。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些机器人由人类操作团队远程操控，它们不仅会参加比赛争夺金牌，还会在26项赛事中接受灵活性和技能方面的测试，包括体操、田径、武术等等。逻辑主语these robots与动词operate之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式；位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Operated。 4. 考查名词。句意：这些机器人由人类操作团队远程操控，它们不仅会参加比赛争夺金牌，还会在26项赛事中接受灵活性和技能方面的测试，包括体操、田径、武术等等。作介词的宾语用名词flexibility，不可数。故填flexibility。 5. 考查时态。句意：周四晚上的开幕式上呈现了一系列令人赞叹的表演：机器人跳着嘻哈舞，展示着武术动作，还演奏着诸如键盘、吉他和鼓之类的乐器。文章围绕2025年8月15日开幕的赛事展开，开幕式发生在“Thursday evening”，属于过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时。故填featured。 6. 考查连词。句意：周四晚上的开幕式上呈现了一系列令人赞叹的表演：机器人跳着嘻哈舞，展示着武术动作，还演奏着诸如键盘、吉他和鼓之类的乐器。空格前后“danced hip-hop”、“demonstrated martial arts moves”、“played musical instruments”是机器人在开幕式上的三个并列动作，需用并列连词and连接，构成并列谓语，表顺承关系。故填and。 7. 考查介词。句意：在仪式上，机器人还展示了它们在足球和拳击项目中的运动能力，众多观众为它们加油助威。句子主干为“robots also showcased their athletic abilities”，空后“a large audience cheering them on”是“主语+现在分词”结构，构成独立主格，需用介词with引导，表“伴随……的情况”。故填with。 8. 考查名词单复数。句意：在其中一个足球比赛片段中，一名机器人球员经过几次尝试后成功进球，他将对方的机器人守门员撞倒在地；另一名机器人摔倒了，但很快便在无人帮助的情况下自行站了起来。attempt在此处为名词，意为“尝试”。空格前有“a couple of”修饰，故用复数形式。故填attempts。 9. 考查动词语态。句意：他们甚至还与真人模特一起参加了时装秀，不过有一个机器人不小心绊倒了，随后被两名真人抬下了舞台。robot与carry之间是被动关系，且have to后接动词原形，被动语态的基本结构为“be+过去分词”，故填be carried。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：观众席中坐着一位来自北京的政府高级官员，当被问及正在举办的世界仿生人形机器人运动会的意义时，他强调，每一台参与这场开创性国际赛事的仿生人形机器人，都在通过参加各类体育竞技与技能比拼“创造历史”。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词a senior government official，先行词指人，引导词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who引导。故填who。 Passage 4 （25-26高三上·四川·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Despite the extreme summer heat, 17 Chinese and international volunteers gathered beside the gatehouse of 1 ancient city in the historic Pingyao county of Shanxi province, 2 (careful) restoring bricks under the guidance of master craftsmen. The Shanghai Ruan Yisan Heritage Foundation, together with Pingyao county, hosted a volunteer camp focused on architectural heritage 3 (conserve) in Dongquan village, a traditional settlement in northern China in August. Over two weeks, the volunteers helped restore the gatehouse and 4 (surround) walls of the centuries-old yard. They visited the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Pingyao Ancient City, as well as historic 5 (landmark), like Shuanglin Temple and Zhenguo Temple. Leading the French group of 26-year-old Aurore Franche, 6 is a fashion model and has a deep passion for cultural heritage preservation. She saw cultural heritage as a concrete link to the past, and joined the camp 7 (gain) firsthand experience with traditional Chinese craftsmanship. “Cultural heritage preservation is a universal mission, 8 (require) a bridge between tradition and modernity. We hope that through our efforts, these precious treasures can be passed on 9 the future,” said Aurore Franche. Sara Zuniga, a university student from Mexico, said her studies 10 (fuel) by a desire to understand the brilliant ancient civilizations. “Unfortunately, many of Mexico’s historical sites have been damaged over time, which motivates me even more to protect the remaining sites,” she added. 【答案】 1. an 2. carefully 3. conservation 4. surrounding 5. landmarks 6. who 7. to gain 8. requiring 9. to 10. were fuelled/were fueled 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了国际志愿者们在平遥县参与建筑遗产保护，修复住所砖块并参观古城寺庙的活动。 1. 考查冠词。句意：尽管夏日酷热，17名中外志愿者聚集在山西省历史名镇平遥的一座古城门楼旁，他们在工匠师傅的指导下仔细地修复砖块。泛指一个古老的住所，因ancient以元音音素开头。故填an。 2. 考查副词。句意：尽管夏日酷热，17名中外志愿者聚集在山西省历史名镇平遥的一座古城门楼旁，他们在工匠师傅的指导下仔细地修复砖块。空处修饰动词restoring，需用副词形式。故填carefully。   3. 考查名词。句意：八月，上海阮仪三遗产基金会与平遥县共同在华北传统村落——东泉村主办了一个专注于建筑遗产保护的志愿者营地。介词on后需接名词作宾语。故填conservation。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在两周多的时间里，志愿者们帮助修复了古老院落的门楼和周围的墙壁。空处修饰名词walls，表示“周围的”，需用形容词。故填surrounding。 5. 考查名词复数。句意：他们参观了联合国教科文组织世界遗产平遥古城，以及双林寺、镇国寺等历史地标。由like列举多个寺庙可知，空格处需用复数形式。故填landmarks。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：带领法国团队的26岁Aurore Franche是一位时装模特，对文化遗产保护有着深厚热情。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为26-year-old Aurele Franche，指人，在从句中作主语。故填who。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：她将文化遗产视为连接过去的具体纽带，并加入营地以获取中国传统工艺的第一手经验。句中有谓语动词joined，空处需填非谓语动词，表示目的，需用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to gain。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：文化遗产保护是一项普遍使命，需要在传统与现代之间架起桥梁。句中有谓语动词is，空处需填非谓语动词，require和逻辑主语Cultural heritage preservation是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填requiring。 9. 考查介词。句意：Aurore Franche说：“希望通过努力，这些珍贵宝藏能传承给未来。pass on to为固定搭配，表示“传递给……”。故填to。 10. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：来自墨西哥的大学生Sara Zuniga说，她的学习动力源于了解灿烂古代文明的渴望。主语studies与动词fuel为被动关系，且叙述当前状态，需用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are fuel(l)ed。 Passage 5 （2025·云南楚雄·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Short-form dramas have rapidly become 1 major trend in digital entertainment, especially among young people. These episodes, usually between one to ten minutes long, 2 (design) for quick consumption on platforms like TikTok, Instagram Reels, and YouTube Shorts. Their growth is 3 (large) due to changing media habits. With shrinking attention spans and busier lifestyles, short dramas offer instant storytelling — full of emotion, conflict, and climax in just a few minutes. They are easy 4 (watch) during breaks, commutes, or between study sessions. Socially, these dramas have a significant impact. Positively, they provide a platform for new writers and actors to showcase their talent. They often address real-life issues such as friendship, family pressure, or dreams, 5 resonate with teenagers. Some series even raise 6 (aware) around social topics like bullying or environmental protection. However, there are downsides. The fast-paced style may encourage impulsive watching, 7 (lead) to excessive screen time. Some content prioritizes excitement over accuracy, spreading whether stereotypes 8 unrealistic expectations. Also, there are concerns that watching too many short videos could affect concentration spans over time. In conclusion, short dramas are a double-edged sword. They bring stories to life in a fresh and accessible way but should 9 (enjoy) mindfully. As high school students, it’s important to choose meaningful content and balance entertainment 10 other activities. 【答案】 1. a 2. are designed 3. largely 4. to watch 5. which 6. awareness 7. leading 8. or 9. be enjoyed 10. with 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当下盛行的一种社会现象——刷短剧的兴起以及其对社会积极和消极的影响。 1. 考查冠词。句意：短剧形式的节目在数字娱乐领域迅速成为一种主流趋势，尤其在年轻人当中如此。trend为可数名词，此处泛指一种主流趋势，且major一词的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 2. 考查时态语态。句意：这些片段通常时长在1到10分钟之间，旨在便于在诸如 TikTok、Instagram Reels 和 YouTube Shorts 等平台上快速观看。主语为These episodes与design之间为被动关系，时态与上下文时态一致，为一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are designed。 3. 考查副词。句意：他们的增长主要归因于媒体使用习惯的改变。修饰介词短语due to用副词largely。故填largely。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在休息时间、通勤途中或者学习间隙观看它们都非常方便。此处为be + adj. + to do sth.句式，应填不定式。故填to watch。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：他们常常探讨一些现实生活中的问题，比如友谊、家庭压力或者梦想等，这些话题能够引起青少年的共鸣。friendship, family pressure, or dreams为先行词，空处引导的是非限制性定语从句，且空处在从句中作主语，指物。故填which。 6. 考查名词。句意：有些系列节目还能够引起人们对诸如欺凌或环境保护等社会问题的关注。raise为动词，后面应该加名词awareness作其宾语，不可数。故填awareness。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种快节奏的观看方式可能会促使人们冲动地进行观看，从而导致屏幕使用时间过长。谓语动词为may encourage，所以空处应为非谓语动词作状语，主句主语The fast-paced style与lead之间为主动关系。故填leading。 8. 考查固定句型。句意：有些内容更注重刺激性内容而非准确性，从而传播了诸如刻板印象或不切实际的期望等信息。whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”。故填or。 9. 考查语态。句意：他们以新颖且易于理解的方式将故事生动地呈现出来，但阅读时仍需保持专注。空处为谓语动词，主语与enjoy之间为被动关系，且此处位于情态动词之后，应填动词原形。故填be enjoyed。 10. 考查介词。句意：作为高中生，选择有意义的内容并合理平衡娱乐活动与其他活动的安排是非常重要的。balance A with B为固定搭配，表示“平衡”。故填with。 Passage 6 （25-26高三上·山东泰安·开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 More than 7 million Internet users were attracted by a live stream 1 (theme) “When technology meets the beauty of traditional opera” this year. One of the highlights was how nearly 50 classic operas 2 (present) to audiences in a new way by making use of diverse digital technologies. In the comment section of the live stream, many people expressed their praise 3 the beauty of traditional Chinese opera. In theaters, demand for excellent operas 4 have been updated by VR technology has been rising. You cannot buy a ticket if you hesitate for even 5 second. Many attempts have been made to achieve “opera plus technology”, but only 6 (depend) on technology is not enough to promote traditional opera. How to 7 (creative) write stories suitable for today’s tastes is another important issue. The growing interest in Yue Opera comes from the huge 8 (succeed) of New Dragon Gate Inn. The show, adapted from the 1992 classic action movie of the same name while also adding new elements to the story, wins young 9 (audiences) hearts easily. Technology and creativity have injected (注入) new life into traditional Chinese opera. However, challenges still exist, including the unsuitable use of technology on stage that 10 (harm) the atmosphere of opera. But it’s important to remember that “Change brings prosperity while stagnation (停滞) leads to decline.” 【答案】 1. themed 2. were presented 3. for 4. that/which 5. a 6. depending 7. creatively 8. success 9. audiences’ 10. harms 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述今年主题为“当科技邂逅传统戏曲之美”直播引700多万网民关注，戏曲借科技焕新，但仅靠科技不够，还需创新故事，同时也面临挑战。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：今年，一场以“当科技邂逅传统戏曲之美”为主题的直播吸引了超过700万网民。theme(以……为主题)与live stream之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填themed。 2. 考查时态和语态。句意：亮点之一是，通过运用多种数字技术，近50部经典戏曲如何以全新方式呈现给观众。此处作谓语动词，operas与present之间为被动关系，且描述的是过去直播中的情况，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语nearly 50 classic operas为复数，be动词使用were。故填were presented。 3. 考查介词。句意：在直播的评论区，许多人对中国传统戏曲之美表达了赞赏。固定搭配express praise for...“对……表达赞赏”。故填for。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：在剧院里，那些经虚拟现实（VR）技术升级的优秀戏曲，需求一直在上升。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词excellent operas，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 5. 考查冠词。句意：哪怕犹豫一秒钟，你都买不到票。此处泛指“一秒钟”，为可数名词单数，且以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a，even a second“哪怕一秒钟”。故填a。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为实现“戏曲 + 科技”，人们做了许多尝试，但仅依靠科技不足以推广传统戏曲。此处作主语，应用动词depend的动名词形式depending。故填depending。 7. 考查副词。句意：如何创造性地创作符合当下审美的故事，是另一个重要问题。此处修饰动词write，应用creatively“创造性地”，作状语。故填creatively。 8. 考查名词。句意：人们对越剧日益增长的兴趣，源于《新龙门客栈》的巨大成功。此处作from的宾语，应用名词success，表“成功”时，为不可数名词。故填success。 9. 考查名词所有格。句意：该剧改编自1992年的同名经典动作电影，同时在故事中加入新元素，轻松赢得了年轻观众的心。此处修饰名词hearts，表示“年轻观众的”，audience此处指“观众”，且这里强调多个独立群体或不同场合的受众，其复数形式为audiences，其所有格为audiences’。故填audiences’。 10. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，挑战依然存在，包括舞台上科技运用不当，破坏了戏曲的氛围。此处作谓语动词，that指代the unsuitable use of technology，与harm为主动关系，且此处描述客观存在的问题，应用一般现在时；且that所指代的the unsuitable use of technology，为不可数名词。故填harms。 21 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $