第6讲 动词时态语态-2-核心语法 重难点专项突破 任务单 2026届高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）

高考核心语法·精练 第6讲 动词时态语态-2 2026年高考语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、核心进阶时态（主动语态）用法表 此表格聚焦本讲核心的 4 种进阶时态（现在完成时、过去完成时、一般将来时、将来进行时），明确各时态的主动结构、核心功能及时间标志词，是解决 “动作先后逻辑”“未来动作状态” 的基础框架。 类别 主动语态结构 核心功能 高频时间标志词 现在完成时 have/has + done（如 have done, has worked） 1. 过去发生的动作持续到现在（常与时间段连用） 2. 过去发生的动作对现在造成影响（结果可见） for + 时间段，since + 过去时间 / 从句，already, yet, so far, up to now, in the past 5 years 过去完成时 had + done（如 had done, had worked） 表 “过去的过去”—— 在过去某一动作之前已完成的动作，强调动作先后顺序 by + 过去时间（如 by 2023, by last Friday）, before/after + 过去时态从句，until he came 一般将来时 1. will/shall + do（如 will do, shall work） 2. be going to + do（如 am going to do） 1. 预测未来发生的动作（无计划依据） 2. 计划、打算或有迹象要发生的动作 tomorrow, next week/month, in 2025, soon, this Sunday 将来进行时 will be + doing（如 will be doing, will be working） 1. 未来某一具体时刻正在进行的动作 2. 未来习惯性、持续性的动作（不含主观计划） at 3 o'clock tomorrow afternoon, this time next Monday, from 8 to 9 tomorrow morning 注意事项： 1. 现在完成时的 “持续” 与 “影响” 区分：若句中含 “for/since” 等时间段标志，表 “持续”；若含 “already/yet” 或强调结果，表 “影响”，不可混用（如 “He has lived here for 10 years” 表持续，“He has finished his homework” 表影响）； 2. 过去完成时的 “过去的过去” 逻辑：必须有明确的 “过去时间参照点”（如过去时态的动词、by + 过去时间），无参照点不可用（错误：He had eaten breakfast. 正确：He had eaten breakfast before he went to school.）； 3. 一般将来时的 “will” 与 “be going to” 差异：表 “计划 / 迹象” 用 “be going to”（如 Look! It's going to rain.），表 “临时决定 / 预测” 用 “will”（如 I will help you.）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. My brother ________ (learn) English for more than five years, and he can now communicate fluently. 2. By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie ________ (begin), so we missed the opening scene. 3. My parents ________ (visit) my grandparents in the countryside next weekend to celebrate their anniversary. 4. At this time tomorrow afternoon, I ________ (attend) an important meeting with my colleagues in the company. 5. So far, our team ________ (win) three competitions this year, and we are preparing for the next one. 二、进阶时态（被动语态）用法表 此表格梳理 4 种进阶时态的被动结构、功能及转换逻辑，解决 “复杂时态下动作承受关系” 的判断问题。 类别 被动语态结构 核心功能 主动→被动转换示例 现在完成时被动 have/has been + done（如 have been done, has been worked） 1. 过去的被动动作持续到现在 2. 过去的被动动作对现在造成影响 主动：They have built the bridge.→被动：The bridge has been built by them. 过去完成时被动 had been + done（如 had been done, had been worked） 表 “过去的过去” 已完成的被动动作，强调被动动作的先后顺序 主动：He had finished the report before the meeting.→被动：The report had been finished by him before the meeting. 一般将来时被动 1. will be + done（如 will be done） 2. be going to be + done（如 am going to be done） 表未来要发生的被动动作，或有计划的被动安排 主动：They will hold the meeting tomorrow.→被动：The meeting will be held by them tomorrow. 将来进行时被动 will be being + done（如 will be being done, will be being worked） 表未来某一时刻正在进行的被动动作，强调 “被动动作的进行状态” 主动：They will be repairing the road at this time tomorrow.→被动：The road will be being repaired by them at this time tomorrow. 注意事项： 1. 被动语态的 “助动词叠加” 规则：进阶时态被动需同时满足 “时态助动词” 与 “被动助动词 be”，如现在完成时被动 =“have/has”（时态助动词）+“been”（被动助动词）+ 过去分词，不可遗漏 “been”（错误：The work has done. 正确：The work has been done.）； 2. 将来进行时被动的 “场景限制”：该时态被动表 “未来某时刻正在被……”，日常语境中使用频率较低，需结合具体时间标志词判断（如 “at this time tomorrow”），不可随意使用； 3. “by + 执行者” 的省略原则：与基础时态被动一致，若无需强调动作执行者，可省略 “by + 主语”（如 “The book has been translated.”），强调执行者时保留。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. All the important documents ________ (send) to the manager by email already, so you don’t need to hand them in personally. 2. The old building ________ (pull) down by the end of last year to make room for a new shopping mall. 3. A new library ________ (build) in our school next year, which will provide more books for students. 4. At 9 o'clock tomorrow morning, the important meeting ________ (hold) by the company's senior management. 5. The difficult problem ________ (discuss) for several days before we finally found a solution. 三、语法填空题型专项考查表 此表格结合文档 “语法填空” 模块（“填入适当单词”“用所给单词正确形式填空”），梳理本讲进阶时态语态在该题型中的核心考点、解题逻辑及示例。 类型 考点要求 解题逻辑步骤 示例 给动词填形式 用所给动词的进阶时态 / 被动形式填空（如括号内给 do，填 has done/had been done 等） 1. 判动作逻辑：主动（主语是执行者）vs 被动（主语是承受者） 2. 判时间 / 先后：根据标志词 / 语境确定时态（如 “since”→现在完成时，“by + 过去时间”→过去完成时） 3. 定形式：结合时态 + 语态写正确形式 1. The project ______ (complete) so far.（主语是承受者，“so far”→现在完成时被动，填 has been completed） 2. He told me he ______ (finish) the work before I arrived.（“before I arrived”→过去完成时，主动，填 had finished） 无提示填单词 填入适当的助动词（have/has/had/will）或 be 动词（am/is/are/was/were），构成进阶时态 / 被动 1. 析句子结构：判断谓语是否缺 “时态助动词” 或 “被动助动词” 2. 判时态：根据时间标志 / 上下文确定时态 3. 定单词：结合时态、单复数确定助动词 /be 动词 1. The meeting ______ been put off until next week.（“until next week”→现在完成时，主语单数，填 has） 2. A new hospital ______ be built in our city next year.（“next year”→一般将来时被动，填 will） 注意事项： 1. 无提示填单词的 “助动词判断”：需先通过时间标志词确定时态（如 “so far”→现在完成时），再根据主语单复数确定助动词（如主语单数用 has，复数用 have），不可盲目填 will/had； 2. 给动词填形式的 “被动优先”：若主语是动作承受者（如 “project”“meeting”），优先考虑被动语态，再结合时态确定形式（如 “project”+“so far”→现在完成时被动）； 3. 避免 “时态混淆”：重点区分现在完成时（“since + 过去时间”）与过去完成时（“by + 过去时间”），不可用错助动词（错误：He has finished the work by last Friday. 正确：He had finished the work by last Friday.）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The project ________ (complete) successfully so far, and we are very proud of our achievements. 2. She told me that she ________ (read) the novel before her friend recommended it to her. 3. A new park ________ been built in our community recently, which has become a popular place for residents to relax. 4. The important meeting ________ be held in the big hall tomorrow morning, so we need to prepare the equipment in advance. 5. By the time the storm stopped, many houses in the small village ________ (destroy) by the strong winds. 四、易错点对比辨析表 此表格针对本讲高频易错点（时态混淆、被动语态误用），通过 “错误 - 正确” 对比明确规则，帮助规避典型错误。 类型 错误表达 正确表达 核心规则总结 现在完成时 vs 过去完成时混淆 He has left before I came.（错误：“before I came” 是过去时间参照点，需用过去完成时） He had left before I came. 有 “过去时间参照点”（如过去时态从句），表 “过去的过去” 用过去完成时；无参照点，表 “持续到现在” 用现在完成时 一般将来时被动遗漏 “be” The exam will hold next month.（错误：主语 “exam” 是承受者，缺被动助动词 be） The exam will be held next month. 一般将来时被动结构为 “will be + 过去分词”，不可遗漏 “be”，且过去分词不可变原形 现在完成时与 “过去时间” 连用错误 He has visited Beijing last year.（错误：“last year” 是过去时间点，不可与现在完成时连用） He visited Beijing last year. / He has visited Beijing since last year. 现在完成时不可与 “last year/yesterday” 等过去时间点连用，可与 “since + 过去时间”（时间段）连用 将来进行时表 “计划” 错误 We will be having a party next Sunday.（错误：“next Sunday” 表计划，用一般将来时更合适，将来进行时表 “周日某时刻正在开”） We will have a party next Sunday. 将来进行时表 “未来某时刻正在进行”，表 “未来计划” 优先用一般将来时（will do/be going to do） 注意事项： 1. 时间标志词的 “专属匹配”：不同进阶时态对应固定标志词（如 “so far” 只配现在完成时，“by + 过去时间” 只配过去完成时），需牢记匹配关系，避免混用； 2. 被动语态的 “时态一致性”：被动结构中的助动词（be/have/has/had）需与时态保持一致，如过去完成时被动用 “had been”，现在完成时被动用 “have/has been”，不可交叉使用（错误：The work had been done so far. 正确：The work has been done so far.）； 3. 语境逻辑优先：若无明确时间标志词，需通过动作先后关系判断时态（如 “他说他之前见过她”，“见过” 在 “说” 之前，用过去完成时：He said he had seen her before.）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. He ________ (finish) his homework before his mother came back home yesterday evening. 2. The sports meeting ________ (hold) in our school next month, so all students are busy preparing for it. 3. My sister ________ (visit) Shanghai last year, and she has not been there since then. 4. We ________ (have) a picnic in the park next Sunday, and we have already bought all the food. 5. By the end of last month, the factory ________ (produce) more than 10,000 new cars this year. 一、语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）We (hold) a free taster session on 23rd May, at 10 am, to demonstrate the variety of effective and active exercises. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They (move) on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）He (attend) the lecture he mentioned yesterday at 8 o’clock this evening. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）At this time next week, we (lie) on the beach in a holiday mode. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）So far, our country (make) great achievements in many fields. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）If you have kids, and they (not see) this film yet, it’s safe to say they’d enjoy it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Since it drew recent media attention, Woon (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）While online shopping (change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The week I turned 50, my marriage came to a sudden end. My house, furniture and everything I (own) was sold to pay debts that I didn’t know existed. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Due to the hard training they (do) before, their performances were very impressive. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．（22-23高一上·上海·假期作业）The news came as no surprise to me. I (know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down.（所给词的适当形式填空） 12．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）For young people, it was the first time that they (experience) something big, a worry that they shared with their families, friends and neighbors, and a suffering being endured at this moment and to be endured next few weeks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Work hard, or you (regret) one day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The reason why many people unconsciously “tune out” their family members or close friends is that they think they already know what the other person   (say). (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Sooner or later those dishonest people (pay) a price for their acts; on the contrary, when we are honest, we are truly free. (所给词的适当形式填空) Passage 1 （2024·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra 1 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 2 you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 3 will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s 4 they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 5 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 6 (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 7 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 8 (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, 9 other stays fresh. Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 10 (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. Passage 2 （2022·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式. A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 1 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 2 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 3 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 4 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 5 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 6 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. In the last five years. Cao 7 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 8 (high) mountain. Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers 9 Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 10 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. Passage 3 （2025·广东清远·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A weekly runway show (时装秀) in a remote village of Kaili, Guizhou, has become popular online, drawing many tourists and global attention. Unlike Paris’ or Milan’s fashion weeks, this 50-meter wooden runway, which is used on weekends and holidays, 1 (feature) locals of all ages, from kids to the elderly, instead of professional models. Every evening from 7:00 to 9:30, 2 (participant) show hand-woven Miao and Dong costumes with shiny silver jewelry. They walk, sing, and dance, with farm tools and other daily things serving 3 performance aids, and the whole event is livestreamed on social media. 4 (launch) last July at Kaili’s Ethnic Costumes Park, it’s called “Village Runway Show”, attracting over 400,000 visits and millions of online views. It even made headlines abroad and helped some “models” join big fashion weeks in London and Osaka. The show’s founder, surnamed Yang, is 5 36-year-old Miao designer. His 6 (inspire) came from his mother’s trip to London Craft Week. He says Guizhou already has popular rural events like Rongjiang’s “Cunchao” (soccer), 7 Kaili’s show focuses more on traditional costumes. The show’s success comes from public participation and cultural display that is 8 (sincere) presented. The show 9 (boost) Kaili’s economy since last year. It has raised villagers’ cultural confidence — young people learn traditional crafts, graduates return to work, and local business people join this non-profit event. This autumn, Kaili plans to hold its own ethnic fashion week, welcoming designers from all of China’s 56 ethnic groups, 10 will further keep traditional culture lively through more engagement. Passage 4 （2025·广东·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The number of Chinese artificial intelligence (AI) companies 1 (rise) sharply to more than 5,000 in the past five years, according to data released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology at the World Smart Industry Expo. In 2020, there 2 (be) only 1,454 AI companies in the country. China has 3 (successful) set up over 40,000 smart factories, 11 national pilot zones for AI innovation and application, as well as 17 national demonstration zones for intelligent connected vehicle testing. A 60 billion-yuan (about 8.4 billion US dollars) national AI industry investment fund has been launched, 4 (accompany) by rules on AI ethics (伦理), China-BRICS center for AI development and cooperation, and over 240 standards for core AI technologies. China has placed strong emphasis on promoting 5 (it) AI industry. In 2017, the State Council released 6 development plan for the next generation of AI. In 2025, it followed up with guidelines on advancing the “AI Plus” initiative, designed 7 (speed) up the building of an intelligent economy and a smart society, 8 are characterized by human-machine cooperation, cross-sector integration and shared innovation. “The 9 (sustain) development of China’s AI industry comes from drawing on the valuable experience of early movers, 10 making full use of self-advantages like abundant data resources, a complete industrial system, broad application situations and vast market potential,” said Wan Gang, president of the China Association for Science and Technology. Passage 5 （2025·广东·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xunpu has attracted wide attention online after several stars shared photos of themselves wearing a kind of local headwear called Zanhuawei (簪花围). Xunpu is a small fishing village 1 (locate) in a county 10 kilometers from the center of the city of Quanzhou in Fujian Province. Zanhuawei is a type of flower headwear worn by local women, known as “the garden on the head”. It is 2 important part of Xunpu women’s dress culture. As an old saying in Xunpu goes, “Put flowers in your hair in this life, 3 you’ll also be pretty in the afterlife.” The tradition of wearing flowers 4 (be) part of Xunpu women’s lives since the Tang Dynasty. Xunpu is famous for 5 (it) excellent seafood. When women sell their seafood at the local market, they wear flowers in their hair so buyers can 6 (easy) distinguish (区别) them from sellers from nearby villages. Xunpu women 7 are among the three major groups of fishing women in Fujian, usually wear seasonal flowers and often present them as gifts 8 big days. Local people often say, “When Xunpu women put a zanhua on their heads, they express their wishes for 9 (happy), and the flowers are seen as a symbol of hope.” Zanhuawei 10 (list) as a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2008. Passage 6 （2024·安徽合肥·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 The 24 solar terms 1 (recognize) as “the fifth great invention of China”. Every year around May 21st, the second solar term of summer, Grain Buds, or Xiaoman in Chinese, arrives. While it’s getting hotter and 2 (wet), the seeds of summer crops are already full   3 not ripe. The difference in temperature between the North and the South narrows and 4 greater amount of rainfall is on the way. “Low rainfall during Xiaoman will bring problems for planting during Grain in Ear (芒种).” Such sayings 5 (guide) agricultural production and the daily life of the Chinese people for thousands of years. In the area south of the Yangtze River, three types of 6 (equip) start to work as Xiaoman gets closer. At this time, the waterwheel is pedaled (蹬) 7 (water) crops. Farmers use the oil mill to extract (提取) oil from the seeds freshly 8 (collect). They also use the weaving loom to reel silk threads. Xiaoman is actually an interval (间歇) between harvests, so people in the past had to eat wild vegetables in order to survive these tough days, 9 led to a unique eating custom. Meanwhile, as Xiaoman is the birthday of the Silkworm God, people in some areas pray 10 a good silk harvest on that day. 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考核心语法·精练 第6讲 动词时态语态-2 2026年高考语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、核心进阶时态（主动语态）用法表 此表格聚焦本讲核心的 4 种进阶时态（现在完成时、过去完成时、一般将来时、将来进行时），明确各时态的主动结构、核心功能及时间标志词，是解决 “动作先后逻辑”“未来动作状态” 的基础框架。 类别 主动语态结构 核心功能 高频时间标志词 现在完成时 have/has + done（如 have done, has worked） 1. 过去发生的动作持续到现在（常与时间段连用） 2. 过去发生的动作对现在造成影响（结果可见） for + 时间段，since + 过去时间 / 从句，already, yet, so far, up to now, in the past 5 years 过去完成时 had + done（如 had done, had worked） 表 “过去的过去”—— 在过去某一动作之前已完成的动作，强调动作先后顺序 by + 过去时间（如 by 2023, by last Friday）, before/after + 过去时态从句，until he came 一般将来时 1. will/shall + do（如 will do, shall work） 2. be going to + do（如 am going to do） 1. 预测未来发生的动作（无计划依据） 2. 计划、打算或有迹象要发生的动作 tomorrow, next week/month, in 2025, soon, this Sunday 将来进行时 will be + doing（如 will be doing, will be working） 1. 未来某一具体时刻正在进行的动作 2. 未来习惯性、持续性的动作（不含主观计划） at 3 o'clock tomorrow afternoon, this time next Monday, from 8 to 9 tomorrow morning 注意事项： 1. 现在完成时的 “持续” 与 “影响” 区分：若句中含 “for/since” 等时间段标志，表 “持续”；若含 “already/yet” 或强调结果，表 “影响”，不可混用（如 “He has lived here for 10 years” 表持续，“He has finished his homework” 表影响）； 2. 过去完成时的 “过去的过去” 逻辑：必须有明确的 “过去时间参照点”（如过去时态的动词、by + 过去时间），无参照点不可用（错误：He had eaten breakfast. 正确：He had eaten breakfast before he went to school.）； 3. 一般将来时的 “will” 与 “be going to” 差异：表 “计划 / 迹象” 用 “be going to”（如 Look! It's going to rain.），表 “临时决定 / 预测” 用 “will”（如 I will help you.）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. My brother ________ (learn) English for more than five years, and he can now communicate fluently. 【答案】has learned 【解析】考查现在完成时（主动语态）。句意：我哥哥学英语已经五年多了，现在他能流利地交流。根据表格规则，现在完成时表 “过去动作持续到现在”，时间标志词 “for more than five years” 提示时态，主语 “my brother” 为第三人称单数，“learn” 的过去分词为 “learned”，故填 has learned。 2. By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie ________ (begin), so we missed the opening scene. 【答案】had begun 【解析】考查过去完成时（主动语态）。句意：我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始了，所以错过了开场戏。根据表格规则，过去完成时表 “过去的过去”，时间标志词 “By the time we arrived” 提示时态，“begin” 的过去分词为 “begun”，故填 had begun。 3. My parents ________ (visit) my grandparents in the countryside next weekend to celebrate their anniversary. 【答案】will visit/are going to visit 【解析】考查一般将来时（主动语态）。句意：我父母下周末要去乡下看望祖父母，庆祝他们的结婚纪念日。根据表格规则，一般将来时表 “计划的未来动作”，时间标志词 “next weekend” 提示时态，可用 “will + 动词原形” 或 “be going to + 动词原形”，主语为复数，故填 will visit/are going to visit。 4. At this time tomorrow afternoon, I ________ (attend) an important meeting with my colleagues in the company. 【答案】will be attending 【解析】考查将来进行时（主动语态）。句意：明天下午这个时候，我正在公司和同事们开一个重要的会议。根据表格规则，将来进行时表 “未来某时刻正在进行的动作”，时间标志词 “At this time tomorrow afternoon” 提示时态，故填 will be attending。 5. So far, our team ________ (win) three competitions this year, and we are preparing for the next one. 【答案】has won 【解析】考查现在完成时（主动语态）。句意：到目前为止，我们队今年已经赢得了三场比赛，正在为下一场做准备。根据表格规则，现在完成时表 “过去动作对现在的影响”，时间标志词 “So far” 提示时态，主语 “our team” 为单数，“win” 的过去分词为 “won”，故填 has won。 二、进阶时态（被动语态）用法表 此表格梳理 4 种进阶时态的被动结构、功能及转换逻辑，解决 “复杂时态下动作承受关系” 的判断问题。 类别 被动语态结构 核心功能 主动→被动转换示例 现在完成时被动 have/has been + done（如 have been done, has been worked） 1. 过去的被动动作持续到现在 2. 过去的被动动作对现在造成影响 主动：They have built the bridge.→被动：The bridge has been built by them. 过去完成时被动 had been + done（如 had been done, had been worked） 表 “过去的过去” 已完成的被动动作，强调被动动作的先后顺序 主动：He had finished the report before the meeting.→被动：The report had been finished by him before the meeting. 一般将来时被动 1. will be + done（如 will be done） 2. be going to be + done（如 am going to be done） 表未来要发生的被动动作，或有计划的被动安排 主动：They will hold the meeting tomorrow.→被动：The meeting will be held by them tomorrow. 将来进行时被动 will be being + done（如 will be being done, will be being worked） 表未来某一时刻正在进行的被动动作，强调 “被动动作的进行状态” 主动：They will be repairing the road at this time tomorrow.→被动：The road will be being repaired by them at this time tomorrow. 注意事项： 1. 被动语态的 “助动词叠加” 规则：进阶时态被动需同时满足 “时态助动词” 与 “被动助动词 be”，如现在完成时被动 =“have/has”（时态助动词）+“been”（被动助动词）+ 过去分词，不可遗漏 “been”（错误：The work has done. 正确：The work has been done.）； 2. 将来进行时被动的 “场景限制”：该时态被动表 “未来某时刻正在被……”，日常语境中使用频率较低，需结合具体时间标志词判断（如 “at this time tomorrow”），不可随意使用； 3. “by + 执行者” 的省略原则：与基础时态被动一致，若无需强调动作执行者，可省略 “by + 主语”（如 “The book has been translated.”），强调执行者时保留。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. All the important documents ________ (send) to the manager by email already, so you don’t need to hand them in personally. 【答案】have been sent 【解析】考查现在完成时被动语态。句意：所有重要文件都已经通过电子邮件发送给经理了，所以你不需要亲自提交。根据表格规则，现在完成时被动语态结构为 “have/has been + 过去分词”，时间标志词 “already” 提示时态，主语 “documents” 为复数，“send” 的过去分词为 “sent”，故填 have been sent。 2. The old building ________ (pull) down by the end of last year to make room for a new shopping mall. 【答案】had been pulled 【解析】考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：到去年年底，这座旧建筑已被拆除，为一座新的购物中心腾出空间。根据表格规则，过去完成时被动语态结构为 “had been + 过去分词”，时间标志词 “by the end of last year” 提示时态，“pull” 的过去分词为 “pulled”，故填 had been pulled。 3. A new library ________ (build) in our school next year, which will provide more books for students. 【答案】will be built/is going to be built 【解析】考查一般将来时被动语态。句意：明年我们学校将建一座新图书馆，为学生提供更多的书籍。根据表格规则，一般将来时被动语态结构为 “will be + 过去分词” 或 “be going to be + 过去分词”，时间标志词 “next year” 提示时态，主语 “library” 为单数，“build” 的过去分词为 “built”，故填 will be built/is going to be built。 4. At 9 o'clock tomorrow morning, the important meeting ________ (hold) by the company's senior management. 【答案】will be being held 【解析】考查将来进行时被动语态。句意：明天上午 9 点，公司高层管理人员将正在召开这个重要会议。根据表格规则，将来进行时被动语态结构为 “will be being + 过去分词”，时间标志词 “At 9 o'clock tomorrow morning” 提示时态，“hold” 的过去分词为 “held”，故填 will be being held。 5. The difficult problem ________ (discuss) for several days before we finally found a solution. 【答案】had been discussed 【解析】考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：这个难题在我们最终找到解决方案之前已经讨论了好几天。根据表格规则，过去完成时被动语态表 “过去的过去已完成的被动动作”，“before we finally found” 提示时态，主语 “problem” 为单数，“discuss” 的过去分词为 “discussed”，故填 had been discussed。 三、语法填空题型专项考查表 此表格结合文档 “语法填空” 模块（“填入适当单词”“用所给单词正确形式填空”），梳理本讲进阶时态语态在该题型中的核心考点、解题逻辑及示例。 类型 考点要求 解题逻辑步骤 示例 给动词填形式 用所给动词的进阶时态 / 被动形式填空（如括号内给 do，填 has done/had been done 等） 1. 判动作逻辑：主动（主语是执行者）vs 被动（主语是承受者） 2. 判时间 / 先后：根据标志词 / 语境确定时态（如 “since”→现在完成时，“by + 过去时间”→过去完成时） 3. 定形式：结合时态 + 语态写正确形式 1. The project ______ (complete) so far.（主语是承受者，“so far”→现在完成时被动，填 has been completed） 2. He told me he ______ (finish) the work before I arrived.（“before I arrived”→过去完成时，主动，填 had finished） 无提示填单词 填入适当的助动词（have/has/had/will）或 be 动词（am/is/are/was/were），构成进阶时态 / 被动 1. 析句子结构：判断谓语是否缺 “时态助动词” 或 “被动助动词” 2. 判时态：根据时间标志 / 上下文确定时态 3. 定单词：结合时态、单复数确定助动词 /be 动词 1. The meeting ______ been put off until next week.（“until next week”→现在完成时，主语单数，填 has） 2. A new hospital ______ be built in our city next year.（“next year”→一般将来时被动，填 will） 注意事项： 1. 无提示填单词的 “助动词判断”：需先通过时间标志词确定时态（如 “so far”→现在完成时），再根据主语单复数确定助动词（如主语单数用 has，复数用 have），不可盲目填 will/had； 2. 给动词填形式的 “被动优先”：若主语是动作承受者（如 “project”“meeting”），优先考虑被动语态，再结合时态确定形式（如 “project”+“so far”→现在完成时被动）； 3. 避免 “时态混淆”：重点区分现在完成时（“since + 过去时间”）与过去完成时（“by + 过去时间”），不可用错助动词（错误：He has finished the work by last Friday. 正确：He had finished the work by last Friday.）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The project ________ (complete) successfully so far, and we are very proud of our achievements. 【答案】has been completed 【解析】考查给动词填形式（现在完成时被动语态）。句意：到目前为止，这个项目已经成功完成，我们为自己的成就感到非常自豪。根据解题逻辑，先判断被动（主语 “project” 是 “complete” 的承受者），再通过 “so far” 确定现在完成时，主语为单数，故填 has been completed。 2. She told me that she ________ (read) the novel before her friend recommended it to her. 【答案】had read 【解析】考查给动词填形式（过去完成时主动语态）。句意：她告诉我，在她朋友把这本小说推荐给她之前，她已经读过了。根据解题逻辑，先判断主动（主语 “she” 是 “read” 的执行者），再通过 “before her friend recommended” 确定过去完成时，“read” 的过去分词为 “read”，故填 had read。 3. A new park ________ been built in our community recently, which has become a popular place for residents to relax. 【答案】has 【解析】考查无提示填单词（现在完成时被动语态的助动词）。句意：最近我们社区新建了一个公园，它已经成为居民们休闲的热门场所。根据解题逻辑，先确定表被动（主语 “park” 是 “build” 的承受者），再通过 “recently” 确定现在完成时，主语为单数，填助动词 “has”，故填 has。 4. The important meeting ________ be held in the big hall tomorrow morning, so we need to prepare the equipment in advance. 【答案】will 【解析】考查无提示填单词（一般将来时被动语态的助动词）。句意：这个重要的会议将于明天上午在大厅举行，所以我们需要提前准备设备。根据解题逻辑，先确定表被动（主语 “meeting” 是 “hold” 的承受者），再通过 “tomorrow morning” 确定一般将来时，填助动词 “will”，故填 will。 5. By the time the storm stopped, many houses in the small village ________ (destroy) by the strong winds. 【答案】had been destroyed 【解析】考查给动词填形式（过去完成时被动语态）。句意：暴风雨停止时，这个小村庄的许多房屋已被强风摧毁。根据解题逻辑，先判断被动（主语 “houses” 是 “destroy” 的承受者），再通过 “By the time the storm stopped” 确定过去完成时，“destroy” 的过去分词为 “destroyed”，故填 had been destroyed。 四、易错点对比辨析表 此表格针对本讲高频易错点（时态混淆、被动语态误用），通过 “错误 - 正确” 对比明确规则，帮助规避典型错误。 类型 错误表达 正确表达 核心规则总结 现在完成时 vs 过去完成时混淆 He has left before I came.（错误：“before I came” 是过去时间参照点，需用过去完成时） He had left before I came. 有 “过去时间参照点”（如过去时态从句），表 “过去的过去” 用过去完成时；无参照点，表 “持续到现在” 用现在完成时 一般将来时被动遗漏 “be” The exam will hold next month.（错误：主语 “exam” 是承受者，缺被动助动词 be） The exam will be held next month. 一般将来时被动结构为 “will be + 过去分词”，不可遗漏 “be”，且过去分词不可变原形 现在完成时与 “过去时间” 连用错误 He has visited Beijing last year.（错误：“last year” 是过去时间点，不可与现在完成时连用） He visited Beijing last year. / He has visited Beijing since last year. 现在完成时不可与 “last year/yesterday” 等过去时间点连用，可与 “since + 过去时间”（时间段）连用 将来进行时表 “计划” 错误 We will be having a party next Sunday.（错误：“next Sunday” 表计划，用一般将来时更合适，将来进行时表 “周日某时刻正在开”） We will have a party next Sunday. 将来进行时表 “未来某时刻正在进行”，表 “未来计划” 优先用一般将来时（will do/be going to do） 注意事项： 1. 时间标志词的 “专属匹配”：不同进阶时态对应固定标志词（如 “so far” 只配现在完成时，“by + 过去时间” 只配过去完成时），需牢记匹配关系，避免混用； 2. 被动语态的 “时态一致性”：被动结构中的助动词（be/have/has/had）需与时态保持一致，如过去完成时被动用 “had been”，现在完成时被动用 “have/has been”，不可交叉使用（错误：The work had been done so far. 正确：The work has been done so far.）； 3. 语境逻辑优先：若无明确时间标志词，需通过动作先后关系判断时态（如 “他说他之前见过她”，“见过” 在 “说” 之前，用过去完成时：He said he had seen her before.）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. He ________ (finish) his homework before his mother came back home yesterday evening. 【答案】had finished 【解析】考查时态混淆纠错（现在完成时 vs 过去完成时）。句意：昨晚妈妈回家前，他已经完成了作业。根据规则，“before his mother came” 是过去时间参照点，表 “过去的过去” 需用过去完成时，“finish” 的过去分词为 “finished”，故填 had finished。 2. The sports meeting ________ (hold) in our school next month, so all students are busy preparing for it. 【答案】will be held 【解析】考查被动语态误用纠错（一般将来时被动遗漏 “be”）。句意：下个月我们学校将举行运动会，所以所有学生都在忙着准备。根据规则，一般将来时被动语态结构为 “will be + 过去分词”，不可遗漏 “be”，“hold” 的过去分词为 “held”，故填 will be held。 3. My sister ________ (visit) Shanghai last year, and she has not been there since then. 【答案】visited 【解析】考查现在完成时与 “过去时间” 连用纠错。句意：我姐姐去年去了上海，从那以后就再也没去过。根据规则，“last year” 是过去时间点，不可与现在完成时连用，需用一般过去时，“visit” 的过去式为 “visited”，故填 visited。 4. We ________ (have) a picnic in the park next Sunday, and we have already bought all the food. 【答案】will have/are going to have 【解析】考查将来进行时表 “计划” 纠错。句意：下周日我们要去公园野餐，而且已经买好了所有食物。根据规则，表 “未来计划” 优先用一般将来时，不用将来进行时，时间标志词 “next Sunday” 提示时态，故填 will have/are going to have。 5. By the end of last month, the factory ________ (produce) more than 10,000 new cars this year. 【答案】had produced 【解析】考查时态混淆纠错（现在完成时 vs 过去完成时）。句意：到上个月月底，这家工厂今年已经生产了一万多辆新车。根据规则，“By the end of last month” 是过去时间标志词，表 “过去的过去” 需用过去完成时，“produce” 的过去分词为 “produced”，故填 had produced。 一、语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）We (hold) a free taster session on 23rd May, at 10 am, to demonstrate the variety of effective and active exercises. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be holding 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们将于5月23日上午10点举办一场免费的体验活动，旨在展示各种有效且积极的锻炼方式。hold为动词，表示“举办”，作谓语；根据时间状语on 23rd May, at 10 am可知，该动作发生在将来的某个具体时间点，且强调在该时间点正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时，其结构为“will be + 现在分词”。故填will be holding。 2．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They (move) on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be moving 【详解】考查时态。句意：工程师们正在研究一个新概念：未来的铁路无人机。它们将在火车前方的轨道上运行，并被编程为自主运行。分析句子结构可知，此处缺谓语动词，且描述的是未来的情况，强调动作的持续性，应用将来进行时will be+现在分词，故填will be moving。 3．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）He (attend) the lecture he mentioned yesterday at 8 o’clock this evening. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be attending 【详解】考查时态。句意：他今晚8点将正在参加他昨天提到的讲座。根据语境和时间状语at 8 o’clock this evening可知，讲座是“今晚8点”正在发生的动作，用将来进行时。故填will be attending。 4．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）At this time next week, we (lie) on the beach in a holiday mode. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 will be lying 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：下周这个时候，我们将以度假的状态躺在海滩上。句中时间状语“At this time next week(下周这个时候)”表示将来某个具体时间正在进行的动作，应用将来进行时，其结构为“will be + 动词现在分词”。故填 will be lying。 5．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）So far, our country (make) great achievements in many fields. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has made 【详解】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，我国在许多领域都取得了巨大的成就。根据时间状语so far，此处应用现在完成时态，主语为our country，为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填：has made。 6．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）If you have kids, and they (not see) this film yet, it’s safe to say they’d enjoy it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】haven’t seen 【详解】考查时态。句意：如果你有孩子而且孩子说还没有看过这场电影，可以肯定地说孩子会喜欢它的。根据下文的yet 并结合句意可知应填入所给动词的现在完成时，故填haven’t seen。 7．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Since it drew recent media attention, Woon (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has heard 【详解】考查时态。句意：自从最近引起媒体关注以来，Woon已经从包括美国在内的10个国家的度假村和餐馆听到了消息。根据时间状语“Since it drew recent media attention”可知，本句为现在完成时，主语为Woon，谓语为单数形式。故填has heard。 8．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）While online shopping (change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has changed 【详解】考查动词。句意：虽然网上购物改变了我们的生活，但并非所有的影响都是积极的。分析句子，句中表示动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，故使用现在完成时。故填has changed。 9．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The week I turned 50, my marriage came to a sudden end. My house, furniture and everything I (own) was sold to pay debts that I didn’t know existed. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had owned 【详解】考查时态。句意：在我50岁生日的那一周，我的婚姻突然走到了尽头。我的房子、家具和我所有的一切都被卖掉了，用来偿还我不知道存在的债务。own这个动作发生在was sold之前，was sold是过去的动作，因此空格处时态用过去完成时，表示过去的过去已经完成的动作，因此空格处是had owned。故填had owned。 10．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Due to the hard training they (do) before, their performances were very impressive. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had done 【详解】考查动词。句意：由于他们之前的艰苦训练，他们的表现令人印象深刻。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示动作发生在过去的过去，故使用过去完成时。故填had done。 11．（22-23高一上·上海·假期作业）The news came as no surprise to me. I (know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】had known 【详解】考查时态。句意：这个消息对我来说并不意外。我早就知道那家工厂要倒闭了。know这一动作先于came这一过去的动作发生，所以用过去完成时。根据句意，故填had known。 12．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）For young people, it was the first time that they (experience) something big, a worry that they shared with their families, friends and neighbors, and a suffering being endured at this moment and to be endured next few weeks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had experienced 【详解】考查谓语动词的时态。句意：对于年轻人来说，这是他们第一次经历重大的事情，他们与家人、朋友和邻居分享的担忧，现在正在忍受的痛苦，以及未来几周将要忍受的痛苦。根据固定句型“it was the 序数词time that sb. had done sth.”可知，that从句应使用过去完成时had experienced。故填had experienced。 13．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Work hard, or you (regret) one day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will regret 【详解】考查时态。句意：努力吧，否则有一天你会后悔的。此处为祈使句+or+简单句的结构，其中祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句，简单句谓语动词时态应用一般将来时。故填will regret。 14．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The reason why many people unconsciously “tune out” their family members or close friends is that they think they already know what the other person   (say). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is going to say/will say 【详解】考查谓语动词的时态。句意：许多人无意识地“不理”家人或亲密朋友的原因是他们认为自己已经知道对方要说什么。分析句子可知，what引导的宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合句意，“他们已经知道对方将要说什么”，所以谓语动词用一般将来时is going to say或will say。故填is going to say或 will say。 15．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Sooner or later those dishonest people (pay) a price for their acts; on the contrary, when we are honest, we are truly free. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will pay 【详解】考查时态。句意：那些不诚实的人迟早会为他们的行为付出代价；相反，当我们诚实时，我们就真正自由了。表示将来的动作应用一般将来时。故填will pay。 Passage 1 （2024·浙江·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The shelves in most supermarkets are full of family-size this and multi-buy that. However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra 1 (benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home 2 you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh. Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way 3 will make them the most money. If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s 4 they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed. Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the 5 (criticize) that they lead to waste. Consumers prefer money off individual items. However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes 6 (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets 7 (start) selling chicken or salad in packs 8 (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). Then, when you use one section, 9 other stays fresh. Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking 10 (one) may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well. 【答案】 1. to benefit 2. or 3. that/which 4. what 5. criticism 6. be offered 7. have started 8. designed 9. the 10. ones 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对商家各式各样的促销手段进行了介绍。 1. 考查动词不定式。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to benefit。 2. 考查固定句式。句意：要么你买的东西太重，搬不回家，要么你买的东西还新鲜，就不能用了。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词or。故填or。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 4. 考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。 5. 考查名词。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。根据“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语。故填criticism。 6. 考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 7. 考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 8. 考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 9. 考查冠词。句意：然后，当你使用其中一部分时，另一部分保持新鲜。the other意为“另一个”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用定冠词the。故填the。 10. 考查代词。句意：谁知道呢，也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸，并提供特别优惠。代词one意为“一个人”，在some of后应用复数形式。故填ones。 Passage 2 （2022·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式. A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 1 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot. On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 2 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 3 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 4 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 5 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 6 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. In the last five years. Cao 7 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 8 (high) mountain. Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers 9 Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 10 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 【答案】 1. to journey 2. who 3. held 4. A 5. protection 6. meaningful 7. has walked 8. highest 9. from 10. planning 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个有视力障碍的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。step前面有序数词first，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为the man，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。动词hold意为“举行”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语“the Belt and Road Forum”之间构成被动关系，且动作已完成，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填held。 4. 考查冠词。句意：他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。此处名词friend第一次出现，所以应用不定冠词表示泛指，且friend是以辅音音素开头的词，应用不定冠词a。故填A。 5. 考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。 6. 考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful表示“有意义的”，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。 7. 考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。 8. 考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处是指三者或三者以上的比较，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。 9. 考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。动词plan意为“计划”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填planning。 【点睛】 Passage 3 （2025·广东清远·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A weekly runway show (时装秀) in a remote village of Kaili, Guizhou, has become popular online, drawing many tourists and global attention. Unlike Paris’ or Milan’s fashion weeks, this 50-meter wooden runway, which is used on weekends and holidays, 1 (feature) locals of all ages, from kids to the elderly, instead of professional models. Every evening from 7:00 to 9:30, 2 (participant) show hand-woven Miao and Dong costumes with shiny silver jewelry. They walk, sing, and dance, with farm tools and other daily things serving 3 performance aids, and the whole event is livestreamed on social media. 4 (launch) last July at Kaili’s Ethnic Costumes Park, it’s called “Village Runway Show”, attracting over 400,000 visits and millions of online views. It even made headlines abroad and helped some “models” join big fashion weeks in London and Osaka. The show’s founder, surnamed Yang, is 5 36-year-old Miao designer. His 6 (inspire) came from his mother’s trip to London Craft Week. He says Guizhou already has popular rural events like Rongjiang’s “Cunchao” (soccer), 7 Kaili’s show focuses more on traditional costumes. The show’s success comes from public participation and cultural display that is 8 (sincere) presented. The show 9 (boost) Kaili’s economy since last year. It has raised villagers’ cultural confidence — young people learn traditional crafts, graduates return to work, and local business people join this non-profit event. This autumn, Kaili plans to hold its own ethnic fashion week, welcoming designers from all of China’s 56 ethnic groups, 10 will further keep traditional culture lively through more engagement. 【答案】 1. features 2. participants 3. as 4. Launched 5. a 6. inspiration 7. but/while 8. sincerely 9. has boosted 10. which 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍贵州凯里偏远村庄的每周时装秀走红情况、创办背景、成功原因及未来计划。 1. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：与巴黎或米兰时装周不同，这条50米长的木制T台周末和节假日使用，展示的是各个年龄段的当地人，从小孩到老人，而非专业模特。此处为谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“this 50-meter wooden runway”是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用features。故填features。 2. 考查名词复数。句意：每天晚上7点到9点半，参与者们展示手工编织的苗族和侗族服饰，佩戴着闪亮的银饰。participant是可数名词，根据语境和谓语动词show可知，不止一名参与者，所以此处应用复数形式表泛指。故填participants。 3. 考查介词。句意：他们或走或唱或跳，农具和其他日常用品作为表演道具，整个活动在社交媒体上直播。此处为固定搭配serve as，意为“充当、作为”符合句意，所以此处使用介词as。故填as。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该时装秀于去年7月在凯里民族服饰公园推出，名为“乡村时装秀”，已吸引超过40万人次参观，线上浏览量达数百万次。此处为非谓语动词作状语，launch与逻辑主语it（指代the show）之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Launched。 5. 考查冠词。句意：时装秀的创始人杨先生，是一位36岁的苗族设计师。designer为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，此处表示“一位36岁的苗族设计师”，为泛指，且36（thirty-six）是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。 6. 考查名词。句意：他的灵感来自母亲参加伦敦工艺周的经历。His后接名词作主语，inspire的名词形式是inspiration，此处表示“灵感”，为不可数名词。故填inspiration。 7. 考查连词。句意：他说贵州已有像榕江“村超”（足球）这样受欢迎的乡村活动，但凯里的时装秀更侧重于传统服饰。前半句” Guizhou already has popular rural events like Rongjiang’s “Cunchao” (soccer) (贵州已有榕江“村超”等热门乡村活动)”与后半句“Kaili’s show focuses more on traditional costumes (凯里的秀更聚焦传统服饰)”之间为转折或对比关系，所以此处使用连词but或者while。故填but/while。 8. 考查副词。句意：这场时装秀的成功源于公众的参与和真诚呈现的文化展示。此处修饰动词presented，应用副词形式，sincere的副词是sincerely意为“真诚地”。故填sincerely。 9. 考查动词时态。句意：自去年以来，这场时装秀推动了凯里的经济发展。根据时间状语“since last year”可知，此处强调从过去持续到现在的影响，应用现在完成时，主语The show是单数，助动词用has，后接boost的过去分词boosted。故填has boosted。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：今年秋天，凯里计划举办自己的民族时装周，迎接来自中国56个民族的设计师，这将通过更多参与进一步让传统文化焕发生机。此处为关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 Passage 4 （2025·广东·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The number of Chinese artificial intelligence (AI) companies 1 (rise) sharply to more than 5,000 in the past five years, according to data released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology at the World Smart Industry Expo. In 2020, there 2 (be) only 1,454 AI companies in the country. China has 3 (successful) set up over 40,000 smart factories, 11 national pilot zones for AI innovation and application, as well as 17 national demonstration zones for intelligent connected vehicle testing. A 60 billion-yuan (about 8.4 billion US dollars) national AI industry investment fund has been launched, 4 (accompany) by rules on AI ethics (伦理), China-BRICS center for AI development and cooperation, and over 240 standards for core AI technologies. China has placed strong emphasis on promoting 5 (it) AI industry. In 2017, the State Council released 6 development plan for the next generation of AI. In 2025, it followed up with guidelines on advancing the “AI Plus” initiative, designed 7 (speed) up the building of an intelligent economy and a smart society, 8 are characterized by human-machine cooperation, cross-sector integration and shared innovation. “The 9 (sustain) development of China’s AI industry comes from drawing on the valuable experience of early movers, 10 making full use of self-advantages like abundant data resources, a complete industrial system, broad application situations and vast market potential,” said Wan Gang, president of the China Association for Science and Technology. 【答案】 1. has risen 2. were 3. successfully 4. accompanied 5. its 6. a 7. to speed 8. which 9. sustainable 10. and 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述中国人工智能产业的发展成就、政策措施和未来展望。 1. 考查时态。句意：据工业和信息化部在世界智能产业博览会上发布的数据，过去五年间，中国的人工智能企业数量大幅增长，已超过5000家。根据本句时间状语in the past five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，表示从过去持续到现在并可能继续的动作。主语The number为单数，故填has risen。 2. 考查时态。句意：2020年，该国仅有1454家人工智能相关企业。there be句型中，主语1,454 AI companies为复数，且时间状语为In 2020，故用一般过去时态，be动词用复数形式。故填were。 3. 考查副词。句意：中国已成功建立了超过40000家智能工厂，设立了11个国家级人工智能创新与应用试点区域，以及17个智能网联汽车测试示范区域。修饰动词短语set up用副词successfully。故填successfully。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一个规模达600亿元人民币（约合84亿美元）的国家人工智能产业投资基金已经启动，同时出台了有关人工智能伦理的规则、中国与金砖国家的人工智能发展与合作中心，以及超过240项核心人工智能技术的标准。本句已有谓语has been launched，因此， accompany应作为非谓语动词使用，再结合该词后面by rules on AI ethics可知，这里需填过去分词作状语。故填accompanied。 5. 考查代词。句意：中国高度重视推动其人工智能产业的发展。该词后面是名词短语AI industry，再结合句意，这里要用形容词性物主代词its，修饰名词短语，表示“它的AI产业”。故填its。 6. 考查冠词。句意：2017年，国务院发布了关于下一代人工智能发展的规划。plan为可数名词单数，且首次出现，泛指“一份发展规划”，且development一词的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：2025年，它跟进了推进“人工智能+”倡议的指导方针，旨在加快建设以人机合作、跨部门融合和共享创新为特征的智能经济和智能社会。(be) designed to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“旨在做某事”。故填to speed。 8. 考查定语从句。句意：2025年，它跟进了推进“人工智能+”倡议的指导方针，旨在加快建设以人机合作、跨部门融合和共享创新为特征的智能经济和智能社会。本空所在句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为an intelligent economy and a smart society，且本空是从句的主语，指物，故填which。 9. 考查形容词。句意：中国科学技术协会主席万钢表示：“中国人工智能产业的可持续发展，一方面借鉴了先行者的宝贵经验，另一方面充分发挥了自身优势，如丰富的数据资源、完整的产业体系、广阔的应用场景以及巨大的市场潜力。”修饰名词development用形容词sustainable。故填sustainable。 10. 考查连词。句意：中国科学技术协会主席万钢表示：“中国人工智能产业的可持续发展，一方面借鉴了先行者的宝贵经验，另一方面充分发挥了自身优势，如丰富的数据资源、完整的产业体系、广阔的应用场景以及巨大的市场潜力。”本空前面是drawing on the valuable experience of early movers，后面是making full use of self-advantages like abundant data resources, a complete industrial system, broad application situations and vast market potential，再结合句意可知，这两个结构在意义上为并列关系，意为“既借鉴经验，又发挥优势”。故填and。 Passage 5 （2025·广东·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xunpu has attracted wide attention online after several stars shared photos of themselves wearing a kind of local headwear called Zanhuawei (簪花围). Xunpu is a small fishing village 1 (locate) in a county 10 kilometers from the center of the city of Quanzhou in Fujian Province. Zanhuawei is a type of flower headwear worn by local women, known as “the garden on the head”. It is 2 important part of Xunpu women’s dress culture. As an old saying in Xunpu goes, “Put flowers in your hair in this life, 3 you’ll also be pretty in the afterlife.” The tradition of wearing flowers 4 (be) part of Xunpu women’s lives since the Tang Dynasty. Xunpu is famous for 5 (it) excellent seafood. When women sell their seafood at the local market, they wear flowers in their hair so buyers can 6 (easy) distinguish (区别) them from sellers from nearby villages. Xunpu women 7 are among the three major groups of fishing women in Fujian, usually wear seasonal flowers and often present them as gifts 8 big days. Local people often say, “When Xunpu women put a zanhua on their heads, they express their wishes for 9 (happy), and the flowers are seen as a symbol of hope.” Zanhuawei 10 (list) as a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2008. 【答案】 1. located 2. an 3. and 4. has been 5. its 6. easily 7. who/that 8. on 9. happiness 10. was listed 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了福建蟳埔村的簪花围传统：这一国家级非物质文化遗产始于唐代，当地女性头戴鲜花作为身份象征与幸福祈愿，如今因明星传播而备受关注，体现了独特的渔女文化与审美价值。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：蟳埔是一个小型渔村，位于福建省泉州市中心10 公里的地方。根据“Xunpu is a small fishing village ______ in a county 10 kilometers from”可知，空格处作后置定语修饰 village，与village为被动关系，故用过去分词。故填located。 2. 考查冠词。句意：这是蟳埔地区女性服饰文化中重要的一部分。part为可数名词单数，此处泛指一个重要部分，应用不定冠词，且important 以元音音素开头，故填an。 3. 考查连词。句意：在蟳埔有一句古老的谚语：“今生带花，来世漂亮”根据语境可知，前后为并列顺承关系，构成“祈使句+and+陈述句”固定结构，故填and。 4. 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：佩戴鲜花的传统自唐朝以来就已成为蟳埔妇女生活的一部分。“since+过去时间点”通常与现在完成时连用，强调从过去延续到现在的状态，主语the tradition是单数，助动词用has。故填has been。 5. 考查代词。句意：蟳埔以它的优质海鲜而闻名。修饰名词seafood用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 6. 考查副词。句意：当妇女们在当地的市场出售海鲜时，她们会在头发上别上花朵，这样买家就能很容易地将她们与来自附近村庄的卖家区分开来。修饰动词distinguish，需用副词形式easily。故填easily。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：蟳埔女是福建三大渔女之一，她们通常佩戴应季的鲜花，并常在重要的日子里将鲜花作为礼物赠与他人。限制性定语从句修饰先行词Xunpu women，在从句作主语，指人，故填who/that。 8. 考查介词。句意：蟳埔女是福建三大渔女之一，她们通常佩戴应季的鲜花，并常在重要的日子里将鲜花作为礼物赠与他人。在具体的某一天或特殊日子前使用介词on，此处“big days”是具体的时间点，用介词on。故填on。 9. 考查名词。句意：当地居民常说：“当蟳埔地区的妇女把扎花戴在头上时，她们是在表达对幸福的祈愿，而这些花朵则被视为希望的象征。”介词 for 后接名词happiness，作宾语，不可数。故填happiness。 10. 考查时态语态。句意：簪花围于2008年被列为国家级非物质文化遗产。主语Zanhuawei与list为被动关系，且时间状语为in 2008年，故用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was listed。 Passage 6 （2024·安徽合肥·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 The 24 solar terms 1 (recognize) as “the fifth great invention of China”. Every year around May 21st, the second solar term of summer, Grain Buds, or Xiaoman in Chinese, arrives. While it’s getting hotter and 2 (wet), the seeds of summer crops are already full   3 not ripe. The difference in temperature between the North and the South narrows and 4 greater amount of rainfall is on the way. “Low rainfall during Xiaoman will bring problems for planting during Grain in Ear (芒种).” Such sayings 5 (guide) agricultural production and the daily life of the Chinese people for thousands of years. In the area south of the Yangtze River, three types of 6 (equip) start to work as Xiaoman gets closer. At this time, the waterwheel is pedaled (蹬) 7 (water) crops. Farmers use the oil mill to extract (提取) oil from the seeds freshly 8 (collect). They also use the weaving loom to reel silk threads. Xiaoman is actually an interval (间歇) between harvests, so people in the past had to eat wild vegetables in order to survive these tough days, 9 led to a unique eating custom. Meanwhile, as Xiaoman is the birthday of the Silkworm God, people in some areas pray 10 a good silk harvest on that day. 【答案】 1. are recognized 2. wetter 3. but 4. a 5. have guided 6. equipment 7. to water 8. collected 9. which 10. for 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小满这一节气的特点以及习俗活动。 1. 考查固定短语。句意：二十四节气被认为是“中国的第五大发明”。短语be recognized as表示“被认为是……”，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为The 24 solar terms，谓语用复数。故填are recognized。 2. 考查比较级。句意：虽然天气越来越热，越来越潮湿，但夏季作物的种子已经饱满，但还没有成熟。根据上文hotter可知应用比较级。故填wetter。 3. 考查连词。句意：虽然天气越来越热，越来越潮湿，但夏季作物的种子已经饱满，但还没有成熟。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用连词but。故填but。 4. 考查冠词。句意：南北温差缩小，更多的降雨即将到来。短语a great amount of表示“大量的”。故填a。 5. 考查时态。句意：几千年来，这些谚语一直指导着中国人民的农业生产和日常生活。根据后文for thousands of years可知为现在完成时，主语为sayings，助动词用have。故填have guided。 6. 考查名词。句意：在长江以南地区，随着小满的临近，三种类型的设备开始工作。作介词的宾语，应用名词equipment，故填equipment。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个时候，水车被踩着给庄稼浇水。此处water在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to water。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：农民们用榨油机从刚采集的种子中榨油。此处collect与seeds构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填collected。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：小满实际上是收获的间隔，所以过去的人们为了度过这些艰难的日子，不得不吃野菜，这就形成了独特的饮食习俗。非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故填which。 10. 考查介词。句意：同时，由于小满是蚕神的生日，一些地区的人们在这一天祈祷蚕丝丰收。短语pray for表示“祈祷”。故填for。 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $