专题07 定语从句（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，浙江专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题07 定语从句 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 定语从句的类型 定语从句的用法 定语从句的引导词 进阶分级练 定语从句作为高考英语语法的核心考点，其考查覆盖多题型且权重显著，是衡量考生语法应用能力的关键指标。从考查范围来看，它贯穿语法填空、短文改错、完形填空及阅读理解四大题型，占语法类试题的15%-20%，既涉及基础的引导词选择，也包含从句成分分析与特殊结构识别等综合能力的检测。掌握这一语法点不仅直接影响语法题得分，更能助力阅读理解中的长句拆解与书面表达中的句式丰富，是提升语言综合运用能力的重要基础。 高考对定语从句的考查呈现出“基础为主、难点突出”的鲜明特征，核心聚焦于引导词的精准运用与特殊结构的辨析。基础题（约占70%）重点考查关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose）和关系副词（when/where/why）的基本用法，尤其以which/that/where的辨析频率最高，10年间分别考查58次和32次。难点则集中在非限制性定语从句（10年45考）、“介词+关系代词”结构（10年15考）及as的特殊用法，需考生精准区分关系词功能、识别从句与主句的逻辑关系。 从考查逻辑与备考导向来看，高考定语从句始终围绕“成分分析”核心，强调语法规则与语境应用的结合。命题通过设置不同先行词（人/物/时间/地点/整句）和从句结构，检验考生“找先行词→析成分→选引导词”的三步解题能力。同时，考纲明确要求考生将定语从句与其他从句（名词性从句、状语从句）区分，并能在书面表达中灵活运用以丰富句式，这一能力导向贯穿整个考查体系。 定语从句是高考英语语法的核心考点之一，主要用于修饰主句中的名词或代词（即先行词），分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。掌握关系代词、关系副词的用法及特殊规则，是应对高考真题的关键。 一、定语从句的基本概念 1. 核心构成 基本结构：先行词（被修饰的名词 / 代词）+关系词（连接主句与从句，在从句中充当成分）+从句主体 关系词分为两类：关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that, as）和关系副词（when, where, why） 关系词的作用：① 指代先行词；② 在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语；③ 连接主句与从句。 2. 两类定语从句的区别 类型 功能 标点符号 例句 限制性定语从句 修饰先行词，不可或缺，去掉后主句意思不完整 无逗号 This is the book that I bought yesterday.（这是我昨天买的那本书。） 非限制性定语从句 补充说明先行词，去掉后主句意思仍完整 有逗号 Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city.（北京，中国的首都，是一座美丽的城市。） 二、关系代词的用法 关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，需根据先行词的 “人 / 物属性” 及 “在从句中的成分” 选择。 1. who /whom（先行词指人） who：在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略，但介词后不能省） 例句 1：The girl who is standing there is my sister.（站在那儿的女孩是我妹妹。）→ 作主语，不可省略 例句 2：The teacher who you met yesterday will teach us English.（你昨天见到的那位老师会教我们英语。）→ 作宾语，可省略 例句 3：This is the student with whom the teacher talked just now.（这就是刚才老师和他谈话的那个学生。）→ 介词后用 whom，不可省略 whom：仅作宾语（可省略，介词后必须用 whom），高考中常与 who 的用法辨析结合考查。 2. which（先行词指物）：在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略，介词后必须用 which） 例句 1：The pen which lies on the desk is mine.（放在桌子上的那支笔是我的。）→ 作主语，不可省略 例句 2：The film which we watched last night was very interesting.（我们昨晚看的那部电影很有趣。）→ 作宾语，可省略 例句 3：This is the factory in which my father works.（这就是我爸爸工作的那家工厂。）→ 介词后用 which，不可省略 3. that（先行词指人或物）：在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略），但不能用于非限制性定语从句，也不能用于介词后。 指人时：可与 who/whom 互换（作主语用 who/that，作宾语用 whom/that） 例句：The boy that/who helped me is my classmate.（帮我的那个男孩是我的同学。）→ 指人，作主语 指物时：可与 which 互换（作主语 / 宾语均可） 例句：The book that/which I borrowed from the library is lost.（我从图书馆借的那本书丢了。）→ 指物，作宾语 【必记】只能用 that 的 5 种情况 先行词被序数词（first, second）或形容词最高级（best, most）修饰时 例句：This is the first time that I have been to Beijing.（这是我第一次去北京。） 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时 例句：He is the only student that passed the exam.（他是唯一通过考试的学生。） 先行词既有人又有物时 例句：We talked about the people and places that we visited last year.（我们谈论了去年拜访的人和地方。） 先行词是不定代词（all, something, nothing, anything, everything 等）时 例句：There is nothing that can stop him.（没有什么能阻止他。） 主句以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时 例句：Who is the man that is talking to our teacher?（正在和我们老师说话的那个男人是谁？） 4. whose（先行词指人或物，表 “所属关系”）：在从句中作定语，意为 “…… 的”，后接名词，不可省略。 指人：whose = the + 名词 + of whom 例句：The girl whose hair is black is my cousin.（头发是黑色的那个女孩是我表妹。）= The girl the hair of whom is black is my cousin. 指物：whose = the + 名词 + of which 例句：This is the house whose windows face south.（这是一栋窗户朝南的房子。）= This is the house the windows of which face south. 5. as（先行词指人或物，常用于固定结构） 用于非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，意为 “正如……”，可位于句首、句中或句末 例句 1：As we all know, the earth is round.（众所周知，地球是圆的。）→ 句首 例句 2：He is very kind, as everyone says.（正如大家所说，他很善良。）→ 句末 用于固定搭配：such...as（像…… 这样的）、the same...as（和…… 一样的） 例句 1：This is such a beautiful city as I have ever seen.（这是我见过的最美丽的城市之一。）→ as 作宾语 例句 2：I bought the same pen as yours.（我买了一支和你一样的笔。）→ as 作宾语 【注意】as 与 which 的区别（高考易错点） as 引导非限制性定语从句时，可译为 “正如”，从句可位于句首；which 不可位于句首，常译为 “这 / 那” 例句 1：As is reported, the project will be completed next year.（正如报道的那样，这个项目将于明年完工。）→ 句首用 as 例句 2：He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.（他通过了考试，这让他的父母很高兴。）→ 句中用 which 三、关系副词的用法 关系副词在从句中充当状语，分别对应 “时间、地点、原因”，可转化为 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构。 1. when（先行词指时间，在从句中作时间状语）= 介词（in/on/at 等）+ which 例句 1：I still remember the day when I first came to this school.（我还记得第一次来这所学校的那一天。）= I still remember the day on which I first came to this school. 例句 2：There are times when we feel lonely.（有时候我们会感到孤独。）= There are times at which we feel lonely. 2. where（先行词指地点，在从句中作地点状语）= 介词（in/at/on 等）+ which 例句 1：This is the school where I studied 10 years ago.（这是我 10 年前就读的学校。）= This is the school in which I studied 10 years ago. 例句 2：I can’t find the shop where I bought this book.（我找不到买这本书的那家商店了。）= I can’t find the shop in which I bought this book. 【注意】where 的特殊先行词（易忽略） 先行词不是具体地点，而是 “抽象地点”（如 case, situation, point, condition 等）时，也用 where 引导 例句：We are in a situation where we have to make a decision immediately.（我们处于必须立即做决定的局面。） 3. why（先行词只能是 reason，在从句中作原因状语）= for which（不可用 that 代替，且 why 在从句中不可省略） 例句 1：Could you tell me the reason why you were late?（你能告诉我你迟到的原因吗？）= Could you tell me the reason for which you were late? 例句 2：The reason why he refused the offer is still unknown.（他拒绝这个提议的原因仍然不清楚。） 四、易错点总结 1.关系词的省略问题 作主语的关系词（who, which, that, as）不可省略； 作宾语的关系词（whom, which, that）可省略； 关系副词（when, where, why）不可省略。 2.介词 + 关系代词的搭配 介词的选择取决于先行词的搭配（如 the key to... 用 to which）或从句中动词的搭配（如 talk about... 用 about which） 例句：This is the key to which you can open the door.（这是你能打开这扇门的钥匙。）→ 先行词 key 与 to 搭配 3.非限制性定语从句的 “逗号” 逗号是区分限制性和非限制性的关键，且非限制性定语从句中不能用 that 和 why，指人用 who/whom，指物用 which。 考点精讲讲练 1．The police are investigating the company, three of ________ managers have already been arrested. A．that B．whose C．which D．where 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：警方正在对这家公司进行调查，该公司有三名管理人员已被逮捕。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词company，在从句中作定语，修饰名词managers，故应用关系代词whose。故选B。 2．My two adorable brothers, both of ________ display passion for comic books, are occupied________ doing homework. A．that; with B．who; on C．them, for D．whom, in 【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句和固定短语。句意：我那两个可爱的弟弟，两人都对漫画书充满热情，此刻正忙着做作业。第一空引导非限制性定语从句，代替先行词brothers在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词whom，构成“介词+whom”结构引导的定语从句；be occupied in doing固定搭配，意为“忙于……”。故选D。 3．________ difficult a task it may be, we must finish it on time, because we can’t meet such a precious opportunity ________ we have expected. A．However; as B．Whatever; that C．However; that D．Whatever; which 【答案】A 【解析】考查让步状语从句和定语从句。句意：无论任务多么艰巨，我们都必须按时完成，因为我们不能遇到我们所期望的这样一个宝贵的机会。由difficult a task it may be, we must finish it on time可知，第一空所在句子表示“无论任务多么艰巨，我们都必须按时完成”，第一空意为“无论多么”，用however，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写；第二空引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，空前有such，因此用as引导定语从句，such...as...是固定搭配，故选A。 1．We need to protect the mountain ______ ecological system has been damaged by illegal logging and over-tourism in recent years. A．where B．that C．which D．whose 2．Many parents want their children to participate in various activities ________ they can learn a musical instrument or ballet or other skills that will give them a head start over others. A．where B．what C．which D．when 3．All in all, I make good use of every minute _______ my goals. _______ the popular saying goes, “Every minute counts” A．to achieve; Which B．achieving; That C．to achieve; As D．achieve; As 4．The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ________ are sold abroad. A．which B．of that C．which of D．of which 5．There wasn’t anything in his lengthy explanation ________ could help to clear up the confusion. A．which B．that C．all D．as 6．The company is upgrading its internal management system ________ employees’ work progress is tracked transparently to improve efficiency. A．whose B．on which C．to which D．where 7．Wuthering Heights is the name of Mr. Heathcliff’s dwelling, with “Wuthering” being a significant provincial adjective, descriptive of the atmospheric tumult (混乱) ________ its station is exposed in stormy weather. A．/ B．in which C．to which D．that 8．________ breaks the rules of the dormitory will be punished. A．Anyone which B．Those who C．No matter who D．Anyone who 9．I asked him to quit smoking. He promised fair, but in such a manner ________ we adopt to soothe a child. A．that B．how C．where D．as 10．This is the only café ________ we’ve tried ________ offers homemade desserts with no added sugar A．that; / B．which; that C．/; that D．where; and 训练 一、单项选择 1．Ants live and work together. The individual ant has its responsibilities, ________ is necessary for the community to function. A．each of them B．each of which C．all of which D．all of them 2．Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ______ effects the people are still suffering. A．which B．those C．whose D．what 3．There was a time ______ people were divided geographically. A．that B．where C．when D．as 4．The village ______ we stayed last summer is the most beautiful place ______ I have ever visited. A．where; that B．which; where C．where; which D．that; that 5．— I think we have met the idiom before. — Yes. It was in the reading material _________ we read yesterday _________we met it. A．where; when B．that; when C．/; that D．/ ; / 6．The air quality in the eastern cities, ____is shown in these reports, _____ improved over the past two months. A．that, have B．it, has C．as, has D．what, have 7．We all believe that people ________ interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy this exhibition. A．what B．whose C．who D．which 8．There are several themes ________ in Charlotte Bronte’s novels, in ________ the heroines often struggle against social constraints. A．explored; their B．to explore; whom C．explored; which D．exploring; whose 9．During the intense fight in World War I, Surgent Presley led his unit through countless terrifyinging experiences and escaped death on a number of occasions ________ a split-second decision could have meant life or death. A．when B．where C．which D．that 10．You will eventually find friends in your new town _______ can help you fit in. A．who B．which C．where D．whom 11．No amount of toys can make up for the love and attention ____________ every child needs. A．what B．that C．where D．whether 12．The man ________ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour. A．with whom B．when C．to whom D．which 13．The organization, ______ mission is to provide aid to underprivileged children, is believed to have made a substantial impact on the lives of thousands of young people through its various programs. A．where B．that C．which D．whose 14．I shall never forget the days ________ I spent in Beijing University, ________ has a great effect on my life. A．that; which B．when; which C．when; that D．that; that 15．Finning is a type of fishing _____ sharks are caught and their fins cut off. A．which B．as C．whose D．where 16．I was nearly as excited about the snow this morning as the children, ______ I found all looking through the window at the magic outside. A．that B．when C．which D．whom 17．It was the moment ________ she arrived at the UK________ signalled the beginning of a journey filled with unknown adventures and unforgettable experiences. A．/, that B．when, that C．that, when D．when, which 18．The way ________ he presented his ideas in the speech impressed all the judges. A．which B．that C．where D．how 19．The engineer ________ my father works is about 50 years old. A．to whom B．on which C．with which D．with whom 20．This is the best film ________ in recent years, winning numerous awards at international film festivals. A．which the studio has released B．the studio has released C．that the studio has released it D．where the studio has released 21．— What do you think of history, Tom? — I find it inspiring and eye-opening. It is a subject ______ you can understand the development of societies and the lessons from the past. A．which B．when C．where D．that 22．Regulations often meet resistance in the rigid system, ______ bossy employers may be challenged by employees. A．which B．where C．whose D．that 23．A tour bus, ______ body huge flowers were painted, appeared in Tianjin during the Begonia Festival. A．of which B．across whose C．across which D．of whose 24．Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces still mean a lot to local people ________ traditions hold much value. A．on which B．with whom C．in which D．for whom 25．The brain-computer interface technology, ______ development is funded by the government, has entered clinical trials. A．which B．whose C．when D．where 26．5G commercial service has opened a new digital age, ________ not only technology but also people’s work capacity and lifestyle will be upgraded. A．as B．where C．when D．which 27．The teacher designed special exercises _______students’ weak points, which are the areas _______most students need improvement. A．to deal with; that B．to deal with; where C．dealing with; what D．dealing with; when 28．Was it the reason_______ he gave at the meeting _______ made everyone present dissatisfied? A．that; what B．which; as C．why; that D．that; that 29．Several guest lectures are scheduled this semester, ______ the talk on climate innovation by Dr. Chen is the most anticipated. A．with which B．among which C．of which D．by which 30．I want to put the photo ______ I can see it every day because it can remind me of the happy days I spent in Tianjin No.47 high school. A．where; which B．where; when C．in which; which D．in which; when 二、语法填空 1 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Pu, a cartoon image of a young male panda who loves playing table tennis, 31 (become)the official global representative of China’s giant pandas since the competition’s organizers announced last Wednesday. A Pu wears a red T-shirt 32 which an image of his favorite food—bamboo shoot—can be seen. The eyes of A Pu are heart shaped, suggesting emotions of love and caring. The image of A Pu 33 (select) from more than 2.023 works from 22 countries, won the China Giant Panda Global Image Design Competition. The image of A Pu will be 34 (wide) promoted as the official image of China’s giant pandas and will be a bridge 35 (connect) China with the rest of the world, the organizers said. “A Pu 36 (give) the identity of a young male panda who will soon be 37 freshman in college and loves playing table tennis.” according to the lead designer of the team creating A Pu. The image represents the new generation of Chinese 38 (youth) who are more connected to the international community, 39 also shows their characteristics—energetic, positive, 40 (confidence), and willing to share. 2 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。 November 11, known as “Singles Day”, has grown into China’s and possibly the world’s 41 (busy) online shopping day. Singles Day 42 (create) by Chinese college students in the 1990s as 43 version of Valentine’s Day for people without romantic partners. On that day, unattached young people would treat each other to dinner or give gifts to chase that special someone 44 (end) their single status. That gift-giving helped to turn 45 into a major shopping event as sellers saw a marketing opportunity and launched Singles Day sales. It is China’s 46 (respond) to Cyber Monday in the US, the day after Thanksgiving weekend,   47 online shopping for Christmas begins. Last year, 48 (businessman) on Taobao and Tmall.com took in about $3 billion on Singles Day. This figure exceeded the total of $1.25 billion that U.S. online business earned on Cyber Monday, 49 (make) Singles Day the biggest e­commerce sales day on record. China has the biggest population of online users in the world, 50 about 538 million people online. Now, it follows the U.S. and Japan in online spending and is forecasted to rise to first place as early as this year. 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 When I was a kid, one day I found a little sheepdog on my way home from school. The owner was the grandmother of my friend, 51 told me that they were giving the dog away, and I could have her 52 I wanted her. Well, needless to say, I wanted her! When I brought her home with delight, I 53 (tell) we could not have that dog in the house. My father told me we could take care of her 54 we found another home for her. My father did all he could to avoid 55 (stay) with the dog, giving her no attention. Occasionally, he urged me to find the new owner 56 the dog. One day, when my mother and I came home from the grocery store, my mom stopped me at the front window. My dad was on the floor, 57 (play) with that precious little sheepdog. 58 (instant) he heard us at the door, he quickly jumped up, 59 went about his business, but I will never forget 60 I saw that day! When that dog died, my father even cried! The sheepdog has brought wonderful memories to me and my family. 4 阅读下面材料,在题后空白处填入适当的内容（每空一词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 In many films, whenever Earth faces a disaster, the 61 （solve） is always fleeing the planet 62 spaceship. But now the Chinese sci-fi movie, The Wandering Earth   63 （offer） a different and 64 （encourage） idea. In the film, Earth is being destroyed by the dying sun. In response, humans around the world work together 65 (build) a giant engine system, 66 will push Earth away from the sun. This"ambition" didn't come from nowhere. Up to now “homeland” 67 (have) a soft spot in the hearts and minds of Chinese people. This special cultural background 68 (probable) makes The Wandering Earth different from other films. The film was released on Feb 5, the first day of Chinese New Year. It was 69 time when many people had just made the hard journey back to 70 (they) hometowns. So there is only one possible way to tell the story： Earth goes wherever humans go,because it's our home. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 定语从句 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 定语从句的类型 定语从句的用法 定语从句的引导词 进阶分级练 定语从句作为高考英语语法的核心考点，其考查覆盖多题型且权重显著，是衡量考生语法应用能力的关键指标。从考查范围来看，它贯穿语法填空、短文改错、完形填空及阅读理解四大题型，占语法类试题的15%-20%，既涉及基础的引导词选择，也包含从句成分分析与特殊结构识别等综合能力的检测。掌握这一语法点不仅直接影响语法题得分，更能助力阅读理解中的长句拆解与书面表达中的句式丰富，是提升语言综合运用能力的重要基础。 高考对定语从句的考查呈现出“基础为主、难点突出”的鲜明特征，核心聚焦于引导词的精准运用与特殊结构的辨析。基础题（约占70%）重点考查关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose）和关系副词（when/where/why）的基本用法，尤其以which/that/where的辨析频率最高，10年间分别考查58次和32次。难点则集中在非限制性定语从句（10年45考）、“介词+关系代词”结构（10年15考）及as的特殊用法，需考生精准区分关系词功能、识别从句与主句的逻辑关系。 从考查逻辑与备考导向来看，高考定语从句始终围绕“成分分析”核心，强调语法规则与语境应用的结合。命题通过设置不同先行词（人/物/时间/地点/整句）和从句结构，检验考生“找先行词→析成分→选引导词”的三步解题能力。同时，考纲明确要求考生将定语从句与其他从句（名词性从句、状语从句）区分，并能在书面表达中灵活运用以丰富句式，这一能力导向贯穿整个考查体系。 定语从句是高考英语语法的核心考点之一，主要用于修饰主句中的名词或代词（即先行词），分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。掌握关系代词、关系副词的用法及特殊规则，是应对高考真题的关键。 一、定语从句的基本概念 1. 核心构成 基本结构：先行词（被修饰的名词 / 代词）+关系词（连接主句与从句，在从句中充当成分）+从句主体 关系词分为两类：关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that, as）和关系副词（when, where, why） 关系词的作用：① 指代先行词；② 在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语；③ 连接主句与从句。 2. 两类定语从句的区别 类型 功能 标点符号 例句 限制性定语从句 修饰先行词，不可或缺，去掉后主句意思不完整 无逗号 This is the book that I bought yesterday.（这是我昨天买的那本书。） 非限制性定语从句 补充说明先行词，去掉后主句意思仍完整 有逗号 Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city.（北京，中国的首都，是一座美丽的城市。） 二、关系代词的用法 关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语，需根据先行词的 “人 / 物属性” 及 “在从句中的成分” 选择。 1. who /whom（先行词指人） who：在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略，但介词后不能省） 例句 1：The girl who is standing there is my sister.（站在那儿的女孩是我妹妹。）→ 作主语，不可省略 例句 2：The teacher who you met yesterday will teach us English.（你昨天见到的那位老师会教我们英语。）→ 作宾语，可省略 例句 3：This is the student with whom the teacher talked just now.（这就是刚才老师和他谈话的那个学生。）→ 介词后用 whom，不可省略 whom：仅作宾语（可省略，介词后必须用 whom），高考中常与 who 的用法辨析结合考查。 2. which（先行词指物）：在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略，介词后必须用 which） 例句 1：The pen which lies on the desk is mine.（放在桌子上的那支笔是我的。）→ 作主语，不可省略 例句 2：The film which we watched last night was very interesting.（我们昨晚看的那部电影很有趣。）→ 作宾语，可省略 例句 3：This is the factory in which my father works.（这就是我爸爸工作的那家工厂。）→ 介词后用 which，不可省略 3. that（先行词指人或物）：在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语时可省略），但不能用于非限制性定语从句，也不能用于介词后。 指人时：可与 who/whom 互换（作主语用 who/that，作宾语用 whom/that） 例句：The boy that/who helped me is my classmate.（帮我的那个男孩是我的同学。）→ 指人，作主语 指物时：可与 which 互换（作主语 / 宾语均可） 例句：The book that/which I borrowed from the library is lost.（我从图书馆借的那本书丢了。）→ 指物，作宾语 【必记】只能用 that 的 5 种情况 先行词被序数词（first, second）或形容词最高级（best, most）修饰时 例句：This is the first time that I have been to Beijing.（这是我第一次去北京。） 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时 例句：He is the only student that passed the exam.（他是唯一通过考试的学生。） 先行词既有人又有物时 例句：We talked about the people and places that we visited last year.（我们谈论了去年拜访的人和地方。） 先行词是不定代词（all, something, nothing, anything, everything 等）时 例句：There is nothing that can stop him.（没有什么能阻止他。） 主句以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时 例句：Who is the man that is talking to our teacher?（正在和我们老师说话的那个男人是谁？） 4. whose（先行词指人或物，表 “所属关系”）：在从句中作定语，意为 “…… 的”，后接名词，不可省略。 指人：whose = the + 名词 + of whom 例句：The girl whose hair is black is my cousin.（头发是黑色的那个女孩是我表妹。）= The girl the hair of whom is black is my cousin. 指物：whose = the + 名词 + of which 例句：This is the house whose windows face south.（这是一栋窗户朝南的房子。）= This is the house the windows of which face south. 5. as（先行词指人或物，常用于固定结构） 用于非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，意为 “正如……”，可位于句首、句中或句末 例句 1：As we all know, the earth is round.（众所周知，地球是圆的。）→ 句首 例句 2：He is very kind, as everyone says.（正如大家所说，他很善良。）→ 句末 用于固定搭配：such...as（像…… 这样的）、the same...as（和…… 一样的） 例句 1：This is such a beautiful city as I have ever seen.（这是我见过的最美丽的城市之一。）→ as 作宾语 例句 2：I bought the same pen as yours.（我买了一支和你一样的笔。）→ as 作宾语 【注意】as 与 which 的区别（高考易错点） as 引导非限制性定语从句时，可译为 “正如”，从句可位于句首；which 不可位于句首，常译为 “这 / 那” 例句 1：As is reported, the project will be completed next year.（正如报道的那样，这个项目将于明年完工。）→ 句首用 as 例句 2：He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.（他通过了考试，这让他的父母很高兴。）→ 句中用 which 三、关系副词的用法 关系副词在从句中充当状语，分别对应 “时间、地点、原因”，可转化为 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构。 1. when（先行词指时间，在从句中作时间状语）= 介词（in/on/at 等）+ which 例句 1：I still remember the day when I first came to this school.（我还记得第一次来这所学校的那一天。）= I still remember the day on which I first came to this school. 例句 2：There are times when we feel lonely.（有时候我们会感到孤独。）= There are times at which we feel lonely. 2. where（先行词指地点，在从句中作地点状语）= 介词（in/at/on 等）+ which 例句 1：This is the school where I studied 10 years ago.（这是我 10 年前就读的学校。）= This is the school in which I studied 10 years ago. 例句 2：I can’t find the shop where I bought this book.（我找不到买这本书的那家商店了。）= I can’t find the shop in which I bought this book. 【注意】where 的特殊先行词（易忽略） 先行词不是具体地点，而是 “抽象地点”（如 case, situation, point, condition 等）时，也用 where 引导 例句：We are in a situation where we have to make a decision immediately.（我们处于必须立即做决定的局面。） 3. why（先行词只能是 reason，在从句中作原因状语）= for which（不可用 that 代替，且 why 在从句中不可省略） 例句 1：Could you tell me the reason why you were late?（你能告诉我你迟到的原因吗？）= Could you tell me the reason for which you were late? 例句 2：The reason why he refused the offer is still unknown.（他拒绝这个提议的原因仍然不清楚。） 四、易错点总结 1.关系词的省略问题 作主语的关系词（who, which, that, as）不可省略； 作宾语的关系词（whom, which, that）可省略； 关系副词（when, where, why）不可省略。 2.介词 + 关系代词的搭配 介词的选择取决于先行词的搭配（如 the key to... 用 to which）或从句中动词的搭配（如 talk about... 用 about which） 例句：This is the key to which you can open the door.（这是你能打开这扇门的钥匙。）→ 先行词 key 与 to 搭配 3.非限制性定语从句的 “逗号” 逗号是区分限制性和非限制性的关键，且非限制性定语从句中不能用 that 和 why，指人用 who/whom，指物用 which。 考点精讲讲练 1．The police are investigating the company, three of ________ managers have already been arrested. A．that B．whose C．which D．where 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：警方正在对这家公司进行调查，该公司有三名管理人员已被逮捕。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词company，在从句中作定语，修饰名词managers，故应用关系代词whose。故选B。 2．My two adorable brothers, both of ________ display passion for comic books, are occupied________ doing homework. A．that; with B．who; on C．them, for D．whom, in 【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句和固定短语。句意：我那两个可爱的弟弟，两人都对漫画书充满热情，此刻正忙着做作业。第一空引导非限制性定语从句，代替先行词brothers在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词whom，构成“介词+whom”结构引导的定语从句；be occupied in doing固定搭配，意为“忙于……”。故选D。 3．________ difficult a task it may be, we must finish it on time, because we can’t meet such a precious opportunity ________ we have expected. A．However; as B．Whatever; that C．However; that D．Whatever; which 【答案】A 【解析】考查让步状语从句和定语从句。句意：无论任务多么艰巨，我们都必须按时完成，因为我们不能遇到我们所期望的这样一个宝贵的机会。由difficult a task it may be, we must finish it on time可知，第一空所在句子表示“无论任务多么艰巨，我们都必须按时完成”，第一空意为“无论多么”，用however，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写；第二空引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，空前有such，因此用as引导定语从句，such...as...是固定搭配，故选A。 1．We need to protect the mountain ______ ecological system has been damaged by illegal logging and over-tourism in recent years. A．where B．that C．which D．whose 【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们需要保护这座山，它的生态系统近年来因非法伐木和过度旅游而遭到破坏。“______ ecological system has been damaged by illegal logging and over-tourism in recent years”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the mountain，关系词将其代入从句中作定语，即“这座山的生态系统”，应用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导定语从句。故选D项。 2．Many parents want their children to participate in various activities ________ they can learn a musical instrument or ballet or other skills that will give them a head start over others. A．where B．what C．which D．when 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多父母希望他们的孩子参加各种活动，在这些活动中他们可以学习乐器、芭蕾或其他技能，这些技能将使他们比其他人领先一步。“________ they can learn a musical instrument or ballet or other skills”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词activities，关系词将其代入从句中作地点状语，表示“在这些活动中”，是模糊地点，应用关系副词where从句。故选A项。 3．All in all, I make good use of every minute _______ my goals. _______ the popular saying goes, “Every minute counts” A．to achieve; Which B．achieving; That C．to achieve; As D．achieve; As 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词和定语从句关系词。句意：总之，我充分利用每一分钟来实现我的目标。正如俗话所说，“每一分钟都很重要”。第一空处使用不定式作目的状语，故填to achieve；第二空处使用as引导非限制性定语从句，as the popular saying goes为固定句型，意为“正如俗话所说”，as在从句中作宾语，指代整个主句的内容，且位于句首，首字母大写。故选C。 4．The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% ________ are sold abroad. A．which B．of that C．which of D．of which 【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋，其中80%销往国外。句中使用了“分数/百分数+of+which/whom”结构引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“half a million pair of shoes”，指物，应用关系代词which，作介词of的宾语。故选D项。 5．There wasn’t anything in his lengthy explanation ________ could help to clear up the confusion. A．which B．that C．all D．as 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他冗长的解释中没有任何能帮助消除困惑的东西。“____ could help to clear up the confusion”是定语从句，修饰先行词anything，先行词是不定代词，且在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词that引导定语从句，不能用which。故选B项。 6．The company is upgrading its internal management system ________ employees’ work progress is tracked transparently to improve efficiency. A．whose B．on which C．to which D．where 【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：该公司正在升级其内部管理系统，在这个系统中，员工的工作进度可以被透明地追踪，以提高效率。先行词是 “internal management system”，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故选D项。 7．Wuthering Heights is the name of Mr. Heathcliff’s dwelling, with “Wuthering” being a significant provincial adjective, descriptive of the atmospheric tumult (混乱) ________ its station is exposed in stormy weather. A．/ B．in which C．to which D．that 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：《呼啸山庄》是希斯克利夫先生住所的名字，“呼啸”是一个重要的地方性形容词，用来描述该住所所在位置在暴风雨天气中所经受的大气混乱。此处为定语从句，修饰先行词the atmospheric tumult，从句主干为“its station is exposed...”，其中动词expose常与介词to连用，构成“be exposed to...”意为“暴露于……”，因此，从句完整表达应为“its station is exposed to the atmospheric tumult”，将the atmospheric tumult提前作先行词后，介词to提前，关系代词which指代tumult，构成“to which its station is exposed”。故选C项。 8．________ breaks the rules of the dormitory will be punished. A．Anyone which B．Those who C．No matter who D．Anyone who 【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：任何违反宿舍规定的人都会受到惩罚。此处表示“任何人”用anyone，作先行词，后跟定语从句，在从句作主语，指人，故用who引导，故选D。 9．I asked him to quit smoking. He promised fair, but in such a manner ________ we adopt to soothe a child. A．that B．how C．where D．as 【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我让他戒烟。他答应得好好的，但那态度就像我们哄小孩时用的那种敷衍的态度。此处为定语从句，先行词为manner，表示“方式”，本句中从句部分为“we adopt to soothe a child”，其中adopt后缺少宾语，因此需要一个能作宾语的关系代词，先行词前有such修饰，所以此处使用关系代词as。故选D项。 10．This is the only café ________ we’ve tried ________ offers homemade desserts with no added sugar A．that; / B．which; that C．/; that D．where; and 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句意：这是我们尝试过的唯一一家提供无添加糖自制甜点的咖啡馆。第一个空，先行词为café。因先行词被 the only修饰，关系代词只能用 that，且作宾语时that可省略，因此第一个空可填that或不填。第二个空，同样因先行词被the only修饰，关系代词只能用that，且作主语时that不可省略，因此第二个空必须填that。故选C项。 训练 一、单项选择 1．Ants live and work together. The individual ant has its responsibilities, ________ is necessary for the community to function. A．each of them B．each of which C．all of which D．all of them 2．Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ______ effects the people are still suffering. A．which B．those C．whose D．what 3．There was a time ______ people were divided geographically. A．that B．where C．when D．as 4．The village ______ we stayed last summer is the most beautiful place ______ I have ever visited. A．where; that B．which; where C．where; which D．that; that 5．— I think we have met the idiom before. — Yes. It was in the reading material _________ we read yesterday _________we met it. A．where; when B．that; when C．/; that D．/ ; / 6．The air quality in the eastern cities, ____is shown in these reports, _____ improved over the past two months. A．that, have B．it, has C．as, has D．what, have 7．We all believe that people ________ interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy this exhibition. A．what B．whose C．who D．which 8．There are several themes ________ in Charlotte Bronte’s novels, in ________ the heroines often struggle against social constraints. A．explored; their B．to explore; whom C．explored; which D．exploring; whose 9．During the intense fight in World War I, Surgent Presley led his unit through countless terrifyinging experiences and escaped death on a number of occasions ________ a split-second decision could have meant life or death. A．when B．where C．which D．that 10．You will eventually find friends in your new town _______ can help you fit in. A．who B．which C．where D．whom 11．No amount of toys can make up for the love and attention ____________ every child needs. A．what B．that C．where D．whether 12．The man ________ you are going to make friends is my father’s neighbour. A．with whom B．when C．to whom D．which 13．The organization, ______ mission is to provide aid to underprivileged children, is believed to have made a substantial impact on the lives of thousands of young people through its various programs. A．where B．that C．which D．whose 14．I shall never forget the days ________ I spent in Beijing University, ________ has a great effect on my life. A．that; which B．when; which C．when; that D．that; that 15．Finning is a type of fishing _____ sharks are caught and their fins cut off. A．which B．as C．whose D．where 16．I was nearly as excited about the snow this morning as the children, ______ I found all looking through the window at the magic outside. A．that B．when C．which D．whom 17．It was the moment ________ she arrived at the UK________ signalled the beginning of a journey filled with unknown adventures and unforgettable experiences. A．/, that B．when, that C．that, when D．when, which 18．The way ________ he presented his ideas in the speech impressed all the judges. A．which B．that C．where D．how 19．The engineer ________ my father works is about 50 years old. A．to whom B．on which C．with which D．with whom 20．This is the best film ________ in recent years, winning numerous awards at international film festivals. A．which the studio has released B．the studio has released C．that the studio has released it D．where the studio has released 21．— What do you think of history, Tom? — I find it inspiring and eye-opening. It is a subject ______ you can understand the development of societies and the lessons from the past. A．which B．when C．where D．that 22．Regulations often meet resistance in the rigid system, ______ bossy employers may be challenged by employees. A．which B．where C．whose D．that 23．A tour bus, ______ body huge flowers were painted, appeared in Tianjin during the Begonia Festival. A．of which B．across whose C．across which D．of whose 24．Although modern technology could help produce more crops, these terraces still mean a lot to local people ________ traditions hold much value. A．on which B．with whom C．in which D．for whom 25．The brain-computer interface technology, ______ development is funded by the government, has entered clinical trials. A．which B．whose C．when D．where 26．5G commercial service has opened a new digital age, ________ not only technology but also people’s work capacity and lifestyle will be upgraded. A．as B．where C．when D．which 27．The teacher designed special exercises _______students’ weak points, which are the areas _______most students need improvement. A．to deal with; that B．to deal with; where C．dealing with; what D．dealing with; when 28．Was it the reason_______ he gave at the meeting _______ made everyone present dissatisfied? A．that; what B．which; as C．why; that D．that; that 29．Several guest lectures are scheduled this semester, ______ the talk on climate innovation by Dr. Chen is the most anticipated. A．with which B．among which C．of which D．by which 30．I want to put the photo ______ I can see it every day because it can remind me of the happy days I spent in Tianjin No.47 high school. A．where; which B．where; when C．in which; which D．in which; when 二、语法填空 1 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Pu, a cartoon image of a young male panda who loves playing table tennis, 31 (become)the official global representative of China’s giant pandas since the competition’s organizers announced last Wednesday. A Pu wears a red T-shirt 32 which an image of his favorite food—bamboo shoot—can be seen. The eyes of A Pu are heart shaped, suggesting emotions of love and caring. The image of A Pu 33 (select) from more than 2.023 works from 22 countries, won the China Giant Panda Global Image Design Competition. The image of A Pu will be 34 (wide) promoted as the official image of China’s giant pandas and will be a bridge 35 (connect) China with the rest of the world, the organizers said. “A Pu 36 (give) the identity of a young male panda who will soon be 37 freshman in college and loves playing table tennis.” according to the lead designer of the team creating A Pu. The image represents the new generation of Chinese 38 (youth) who are more connected to the international community, 39 also shows their characteristics—energetic, positive, 40 (confidence), and willing to share. 2 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。 November 11, known as “Singles Day”, has grown into China’s and possibly the world’s 41 (busy) online shopping day. Singles Day 42 (create) by Chinese college students in the 1990s as 43 version of Valentine’s Day for people without romantic partners. On that day, unattached young people would treat each other to dinner or give gifts to chase that special someone 44 (end) their single status. That gift-giving helped to turn 45 into a major shopping event as sellers saw a marketing opportunity and launched Singles Day sales. It is China’s 46 (respond) to Cyber Monday in the US, the day after Thanksgiving weekend,   47 online shopping for Christmas begins. Last year, 48 (businessman) on Taobao and Tmall.com took in about $3 billion on Singles Day. This figure exceeded the total of $1.25 billion that U.S. online business earned on Cyber Monday, 49 (make) Singles Day the biggest e­commerce sales day on record. China has the biggest population of online users in the world, 50 about 538 million people online. Now, it follows the U.S. and Japan in online spending and is forecasted to rise to first place as early as this year. 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 When I was a kid, one day I found a little sheepdog on my way home from school. The owner was the grandmother of my friend, 51 told me that they were giving the dog away, and I could have her 52 I wanted her. Well, needless to say, I wanted her! When I brought her home with delight, I 53 (tell) we could not have that dog in the house. My father told me we could take care of her 54 we found another home for her. My father did all he could to avoid 55 (stay) with the dog, giving her no attention. Occasionally, he urged me to find the new owner 56 the dog. One day, when my mother and I came home from the grocery store, my mom stopped me at the front window. My dad was on the floor, 57 (play) with that precious little sheepdog. 58 (instant) he heard us at the door, he quickly jumped up, 59 went about his business, but I will never forget 60 I saw that day! When that dog died, my father even cried! The sheepdog has brought wonderful memories to me and my family. 4 阅读下面材料,在题后空白处填入适当的内容（每空一词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 In many films, whenever Earth faces a disaster, the 61 （solve） is always fleeing the planet 62 spaceship. But now the Chinese sci-fi movie, The Wandering Earth   63 （offer） a different and 64 （encourage） idea. In the film, Earth is being destroyed by the dying sun. In response, humans around the world work together 65 (build) a giant engine system, 66 will push Earth away from the sun. This"ambition" didn't come from nowhere. Up to now “homeland” 67 (have) a soft spot in the hearts and minds of Chinese people. This special cultural background 68 (probable) makes The Wandering Earth different from other films. The film was released on Feb 5, the first day of Chinese New Year. It was 69 time when many people had just made the hard journey back to 70 (they) hometowns. So there is only one possible way to tell the story： Earth goes wherever humans go,because it's our home. 参考答案 一、 1．B 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：蚂蚁们共同生活并协同工作。每只蚂蚁都有自己的职责，而这些职责对于整个群体的正常运转都是必不可少的。空前有谓语动词has，空后有谓语动词is，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为responsibilities，结合从句谓语is以及句意可知，从句指“职责中的每一个对于整个群体的正常运转都是必不可少的”，“……中的每一个”为each of...，关系词指代先行词，作of宾语，指物，用关系代词which，构成“介词+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，故选B项。 2．C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上个月，东南亚部分地区遭受洪水袭击，人们仍然遭受着洪水带来的影响。“from ______ effects the people are still suffering”是非限制性定语从句，先行词是floods，空处在从句中作定语，修饰名词effects，表示“洪水的影响”，即所属关系，所以应用关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故选C项。 3．C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：曾经有一段时间，人们在地理上是分隔开来的。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是“a time”，表示时间，且定语从句“people were divided geographically”中不缺主语、宾语等成分，缺少时间状语，因此应用关系副词“when” 引导定语从句。故选C项。 4．A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：去年夏天我们住的那个村庄是我去过的最美丽的地方。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先看空格一，先行词为“village”，在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词“where”引导从句；再先看空格二，先行词为“place”，在从句中作“visited”的宾语，前面有形容词最高级“the most beautiful”修饰，故应用关系代词“that”引导从句。故选A项。 5．C 【解析】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：——我认为我们之前见过这个习语。——是的。正是在我们昨天读的阅读材料里我们见到了它。第一空处“we read yesterday”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the reading material”，关系词将其代入定语从句中作宾语，可用关系代词that引导从句，可省略；第二空处，整句使用强调句型“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”，强调原句地点状语“in the reading material that we read yesterday”，其他部分用that引出。故选C项。 6．C 【解析】考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意：正如这些报告所显示的，东部城市的空气质量在过去两个月里已经有所改善。分析句子可知，第一空考查非限制性定语从句，“as is shown in these reports”是固定表达，意为“正如这些报告所显示的”。as在此处指代整个主句内容，引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首、句中或句尾；第二空中，句子主语是The air quality，为不可数名词，视为单数。时间状语over the past two months常与现在完成时连用，因此谓语动词用has improved。故选C项。 7．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们都相信，那些对探索艺术与科学之间关系感兴趣的人会喜欢这个展览。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少定语，修饰先行词people，且先行词与interest之间为所属关系，表示“……的”，所以此处使用关系代词whose引导。故选B。 8．C 【解析】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：夏洛蒂·勃朗特的小说中探讨了几个主题，在这些主题中，人物经常与社会束缚作斗争。句中are为谓语动词，第一空应该使用非谓语动词，此处themes与explore之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词explored作后置定语；第二空构成介词+关系代词引导定语从句的结构，引导词在从句中作宾语，指代前文的novels，为物用which。故选C。 9．A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在第一次世界大战的激烈战斗中，瑟金特・普雷斯利率领他的部队经历了无数可怕的遭遇，多次在生死存亡的瞬间侥幸逃生。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词 occasions，表“某个具体的时间点或时机”，在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when引导。故选A项。 10．A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你最终会在新城镇找到能帮你融入新环境的朋友。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词friends，指人，且在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who来引导。故选A项。 11．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：再多的玩具也无法弥补每个孩子所需要的爱和关注。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the love and attention，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作needs的宾语，B项的关系代词that可作引导词。故选B。 12．A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你将要与之交朋友的那个人是我父亲的邻居。此处为“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the man，指人，关系词需在从句中作介词的宾语，与“make friends”构成搭配“make friends with sb.”，因此介词应选with，指人的关系代词用whom，即“with whom”。故选A。 13．D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：该组织的使命是为贫困儿童提供援助，人们相信，该组织通过各种项目，已经对成千上万年轻人的生活产生了重大影响。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The organization，指物，关系词在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词mission，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故选D。 14．A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我永远不会忘记在北京大学度过的那些日子，那对我的人生影响很大。第一空为关系词引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the days，关系词在从句中作spent的宾语，指物，可用关系代词that或which引导；第二空是关系词引导的非限定性定语从句，先行词为主句整个句子，指事情，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词which引导。故选A项。 15．D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：割鳍是一种捕鱼方式，在这种捕鱼方式中，鲨鱼被捕捞上来，它们的鳍被割掉。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a type of fishing，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，此处表示“在这种捕鱼方式中”。故选D。 16．D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：今天早上我几乎和孩子们一样为雪感到兴奋，我发现他们都在透过窗户看外面的神奇景象。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the children，先行词指人，关系词指代先行词在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词whom。故选D。 17．B 【解析】考查强调句和定语从句。句意：她到达英国的那一刻标志着一段充满未知冒险和难忘经历的旅程的开始。“______ she arrived at the UK”为定语从句，the moment为先行词，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，所以关系词用when，第一空填when。去掉it was和第二个设空处句子依然完整，因此第二空考查强调句，强调句的基本结构是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其余部分”，被强调部分为人时可用that或who，其它情况均只用that，本句强调的是主语“the moment _____ she arrived at the UK”，所以第二个空填that；故选B。 18．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他在演讲中展示自己想法的方式给所有评委都留下了深刻印象。“ he presented his ideas in the speech”是限制定性定语从句，修饰先行词way，名词way表示“方式”，在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句可用“that/in which/不填”三种方式引导该从句。故选B项。 19．D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：跟我父亲一起工作的那位工程师大约50岁。空处引导定语从句，work with sb为固定搭配，意为“与……一起工作”，此处将with前置，构成“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词the engineer，指人，关系词在定语从句中作介词with的宾语，需用关系代词whom引导。故选D。 20．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这是近年来电影公司发行的最好的电影，在国际电影节上斩获无数奖项。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词film，因先行词被最高级the best修饰，关系代词只能用that且作宾语时可省略；从句主语the studio后接谓语has released，宾语即先行词film（关系词that省略），选项B（省略that）符合语法规则，C选项中it与关系代词that均指代先行词，内容重复；D选项中缺少宾语，应使用关系代词。故选B项。 21．C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：——汤姆，你觉得历史这门学科怎么样？——我觉得它既鼓舞人心又开阔眼界。历史是一门能让你了解社会发展和吸取历史教训的学科。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词subject，先行词subject为抽象地点名词，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以使用关系副词where。故选C项。 22．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：规章制度在僵化的体系中往往会遇到阻力，在这样的体系里，专横的雇主可能会受到员工的挑战。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词“the rigid system”，且在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故选B。 23．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一辆车身画着巨大花朵的旅游巴士在海棠节期间出现在天津。空处引导定语从句。先行词为A tour bus，关系词在从句中作定语修饰body，表示 “巴士的车身”，作定语应用关系代词whose引导该从句。根据语境“花朵画在车身表面”可知，关系代词前面需要加介词across，表示 “横跨、在(身体某部位)上”，符合语境。故选B。 24．D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：虽然现代技术可以帮助生产更多的农作物，但这些梯田对当地人来说仍然意义重大，因为传统对他们来说很有价值。此处引导定语从句，先行词为local people，从句的意思为“传统对当地人来说很有价值”，故应用介词for+whom引导定语从句，介词for意为“对……来说”，whom指代先行词，关系词在定语从句中作介词for的宾语。故选D。 25．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：由政府资助研发的脑机接口技术已进入临床试验阶段。“______ development is funded by the government”是定语从句，修饰先行词The brain-computer interface technology，关系词将其代入从句作定语，表示“脑机接口技术的研发”，用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语。故选B项。 26．C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：5G 商用服务开启了一个新的数字时代，在这个时代里，不仅技术，还有人们的工作能力和生活方式都将得到升级。空格后为定语从句，修饰先行词a new digital age。先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导该从句。故选C。 27．B 【解析】考查动词不定式和定语从句。句意：老师设计了专门的练习来处理学生的薄弱之处，这些薄弱之处也是大多数学生需要改进的地方。根据The teacher designed special exercises和students’ weak points可知，空1处应用动词不定式，作目的状语。空2处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为areas，此处是指抽象的地点，定语从句most students need improvement中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句，作地点状语。故选B项。 28．D 【解析】考查定语从句和强调结构。句意：是他在会上给出的理由让在场的每个人都不满意吗？分析句子结构可知，空1引导限制性定语从句，先行词是reason，指物，应用关系代词that或which引导从句，作宾语，关系代词也可省略。空2考查强调结构，It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他，因为此处被强调部分是the reason，指物，应用that。故选D项。 29．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：本学期安排了几场客座讲座，其中陈博士关于气候创新的讲座最受期待。“ the talk on climate innovation by Dr. Chen is the most anticipated.”是定语从句，修饰先行词lectures，关系词在定语从句中状语，表示“在这几场客座讲座之中”，用among which引导该定语从句，强调在多个事物的范围之中。故选B项。 30．A 【解析】考查定语从句和状语从句。句意：我想把照片放在我每天都能看到的地方，因为它能让我想起我在天津市第四十七中学度过的快乐时光。第一个空处表示照片放置的位置，所以需要where引导地点状语从句；第二空处需要引导定语从句，修饰先行词the happy days，先行词指物，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故选A。 二、 1 31．has become 32．on 33．selected 34．widely 35．connecting 36．is given 37．a 38．youths 39．which/and 40．confident 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一只喜欢打乒乓球的年轻雄性熊猫的卡通形象“A Pu”已成为中国大熊猫的全球官方代表。 31．考查动词时态。句意：自上周三比赛组织者宣布这一消息以来，一只喜欢打乒乓球的年轻雄性熊猫的卡通形象“A Pu”已成为中国大熊猫的全球官方代表。根据时间状语since the competition’s organizers announced last Wednesday可知应用现在完成时，且主语为单数名词，故填has become。 32．考查介词。句意：A Pu穿着一件红色T恤，T恤上面印着他最喜欢的食物——竹笋。本句为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句修饰先行词T-shirt，且根据短语on T-shirt“在T恤上”可知应填介词on。 33．考查非谓语动词。句意：从22个国家，超过2023多幅作品中挑选出的A Pu的形象，赢得了中国大熊猫全球形象设计大赛。本句中已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故select做非谓语动词与逻辑主语image构成被动关系，故填过去分词selected。 34．考查副词。句意：主办方表示，A Pu的形象将被广泛宣传为中国大熊猫的官方形象，并将成为连接中国与世界的桥梁。promote为动词需要副词修饰，故填widely。 35．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。本句中已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故connect做非谓语动词与逻辑主语bridge构成主动关系，故填现在分词connecting。 36．考查动词时态语态。句意：“A Pu的身份是一只年轻的雄性熊猫，很快就要上大学了，喜欢打乒乓球。”本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且为一般现在时，故填is given。 37．考查冠词。句意同上。freshman为可数名词，且表示泛指“一个大学生”，故填不定冠词a。 38．考查名词的数。句意：这一形象代表了与国际社会联系更加紧密的新一代中国青年，也体现了他们的特点——精力充沛、积极向上、自信、乐于分享。youth为可数名词，且根据下文定语从句who are more connected可知应填复数形式，故填youths。 39．考查连词。句意同上。本句可理解为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词The image，且在从句中做主语，指物，故填which。或填连词and与上文are more connected to the international community构成并列句。故填which/and。 40．考查形容词。句意同上。根据上文energetic, positive,可知应填形容词性，故填confident。 【点睛】非谓语动词是短文改错的常见考点，也是难点，考生应该从非谓语动词与主语的逻辑关系上判断使用现在分词还是过去分词，如果是主谓关系常使用现在分词作伴随状语，原因状语、结果状语及目的状语等；如果是动宾关系，过去分词常作状语和定语，如第三小题，句意：从22个国家，超过2023多幅作品中挑选出的A Pu的形象，赢得了中国大熊猫全球形象设计大赛。本句中已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故select做非谓语动词与逻辑主语image构成被动关系，故填过去分词selected。 2 41．busiest 42．was created 43．a 44．to end 45．it 46．response 47．when 48．businessmen 49．making 50．with 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍“光棍节”及有关事宜。11月11日，被称为“光棍节”，已经成为中国乃至世界上最繁忙的网购日。 41．考查最高级。句意：11月11日，被称为“光棍节”，已经成为中国乃至世界上最繁忙的网购日。此处是形容词最高级，故答案为busiest。 42．考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：光棍节是中国大学生在20世纪90年代创造的，是为没有恋人的人设立的情人节。此处Singles Day 和create之间是一种被动关系，且句子指过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态的被动语态，答案为was created。 43．考查不定冠词。句意：光棍节是中国大学生在20世纪90年代创造的，是为没有恋人的人设立的情人节。此处用不定冠词a，结合句意可知答案为a。 44．考查动词不定式。句意：在那一天，为了结束他们的单身状态，单身的年轻人会请对方吃晚饭或送礼物来追求那个特别的人。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为to end。 45．考查it的用法。句意：由于商家看到了一个营销机会，并在光棍节推出了促销活动，这种送礼行为帮助光棍节变成了一场大型购物活动。此处it指Singles Day，故答案为it。 46．考查名词。句意：这是中国对美国“网络星期一”(Cyber Monday)的回应。“网络星期一”是感恩节周末后的第一天，也是圣诞节网购活动开始的日子。此处China’s是名词所有格，后面用名词形式，故答案为response。 47．考查定语从句。句意：这是中国对美国“网络星期一”(Cyber Monday)的回应。“网络星期一”是感恩节周末后的第一天，也是圣诞节网购活动开始的日子。此处weekend是先行词，指时间，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。 48．考查名词复数。句意：去年，淘宝和天猫的商家在光棍节的收入约为30亿美元。此处用名词复数，故答案为businessmen。 49．考查现在分词。句意：这一数字超过了美国网络星期一的12.5亿美元收入，使光棍节成为有记录以来最大的电子商务销售日。此处是现在分词做自然的结果状语，故答案为making。 50．考查介词。句意：中国拥有世界上最多的网民，大约有5.38亿网民。此处with“具有，和------在一起”，故答案为with。 【点睛】1.作为结果状语的现在分词短语所表示的都是谓语动词的直接结果，是意料中的结果。比如，（1） He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident.他迅速切断了电源，防止了一起意外事故。“防止了事故”是“切断电源”的直接结果。（2）European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sports in the world.有80个国家踢欧式足球，这使得它成为世界上最流行的体育活动。欧式足球成为世界上最流行的体育活动是众多国家踢欧式足球是直接的意料中的自然而然的结果，决非是出乎意料之外的事。 2. 不定式做结果状语通常表示的是一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果。（1） Tom got to the station only to find the train had gone.汤姆到达车站，却发现火车已经开走了。（2）Marry hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital.玛丽匆忙赶了回来，结果却发现她母亲在医院里奄奄一息。 本题第9小题，句意：这一数字超过了美国网络星期一的12.5亿美元收入，使光棍节成为有记录以来最大的电子商务销售日。此处是现在分词做自然的结果状语，故答案为making。 3 51．who 52．if 53．was told 54．until/before 55．staying 56．for 57．playing 58．Instantly 59．and 60．what 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者收留的一只牧羊犬和家人相处的故事。 51．考查定语从句连接词。句意：狗的主人是我朋友的祖母，她告诉我他们要把狗送人，如果我想要的话，我可以得到她。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词grandmother，且先行词在从句中作主语，指人，因此用who。 52．考查状语从句连接词。句意：如果我想要的话，我可以得到她。句中的"I wanted her"是作者收留小狗的条件，if引导条件状语从句。故填if。 53．考查动词时态语态。句意：当我高兴地把她带回家时，有人告诉我不能让那只狗呆在家里。文中叙述的是过去发生的事，作者又是被家人告知，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was told。 54．考查连接词。句意：我父亲告诉我，我们可以照顾她，直到我们为她找到另一个家。根据句意表示“直到……”，故填until。或填before，表示“我父亲告诉我，我们可以在为她找到另一个家之前照顾她。”。 55．考查动词的固定结构。句意：我父亲尽其所能避免和狗呆在一起，对她不理不睬。短语avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，后接动名词作宾语。故填staying。 56．考查介词。句意：偶尔，他催我给狗找个新主人。根据句意可知表示“为了……”，故填for。 57．考查非谓语动词。句意：我爸爸在地板上，和那只宝贝小牧羊犬玩耍。本句中play用非谓语形式，与逻辑主语构成主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。故填playing。 58．考查连接词。句意：他一听到我们在门口，马上跳了起来，继续干他的事，但是我永远也不会忘记那天我所看到的一切！依据句子结构可知，此处缺少连接词，依据句意“父亲一听到我们的声音，他立刻就……”可知，应用Instantly作连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就”。故填Instantly。 59．考查连词。依据该空前后的两个动作jumped up和went about his business可知，这是两个连续的动作，因此用and连接。故填and。 60．考查连接词。句意：但是我永远也不会忘记那天我所看到的一切！空处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，指“我所看到的事情”，故用what。 【注意 】定语从句的关系词的选择可考虑以下三点： (1)一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等) (2)二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why) (3)三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句) 如第一小题，分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词grandmother，且先行词在从句中做主语，指人，因此用who。 4 61．solution 62．by 63．offers/is offering 64．encouraging 65．to build 66．which 67．has had 68．probably 69．a 70．their 【解析】这篇文章是说明文。主要介绍了电影流浪地球的相关内容。 61．考查名词。根据前文的定冠词，可知此处应为名词，所以填solve的名词形式solution。故填solution。 62．考查介词。句意:地球有灾难的时候通过宇宙飞船逃离这个星球。by通过...的方式，故填by。 63．考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语是the wandering earth，单数，后面动词应该是第三人称单数，所以是is offering或者是offers。故填offers/is offering。 64．考查动名词做定语。句意:流浪地球这部电影提供了一个与众不同并且鼓舞人心的想法。idea缺少修饰词，所以用encouraging作定语修饰。故填encouraging。 65．考查不定式的用法。前文已经有work作为谓语，此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to build。 66．考查非限定性定语从句。句意:全世界的人一起工作来建造一个可以把地球发射出太阳系的巨型机械系统。先行词是system，为物，非限制性定语从句只能用which在从句中做主语。故填which。 67．考查现在完成时。句意:时至今日，家园这个词已经成为中国人心里最柔软的地方。时间状语up to now直到今日，这是典型的现在完成时时间状语。故填has had。 68．考查副词。句意:这个特殊的文化背景或许使得流浪地球与其他电影不同。probably副词修饰后面的动词makes。故填probably。 69．考查冠词的用法以及固定句型。句意:这是许多人经过辛苦的漂泊回到自己家乡的时代。it is a time when...为固定句式，意为“...的时代”应该是用不定冠词a。故填a。 70．考查形容词性物主代词。hometown前面缺定语，所以应该用形容词性物主代词their来做定语。故填their。 【点睛】语法填空题需要注意句子构成的基本原则，通常用形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词。例如：第一小题，定冠词修饰后文的名词solution；第八小题，用probably修饰动词makes。 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $