专题14 完形填空（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，浙江专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题14 完形填空 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 完形填空常考知识点及答题方法简析 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 高考学考英语完形填空作为综合性语言运用题型，核心考查考生在语篇语境中对词汇、语法、语用知识的灵活运用能力，以及逻辑思维与文化认知水平。该题型要求考生不仅能掌握《普通高中英语课程标准》规定的 3500 个左右核心词汇及相关固定搭配、习惯用法，还需具备根据上下文线索推断词义、理解句间逻辑关系（如因果、转折、让步等）的能力，最终实现对语篇整体意义的准确把握，体现 “语言知识为基、语篇理解为本” 的考查理念。 从能力层级来看，完形填空注重分层考查不同维度的语言素养：基础层面要求考生能识别并运用词性转换、固定短语等基础语言知识，确保语法结构与语义表达的准确性；进阶层面强调语篇逻辑分析能力，需考生通过上下文语境（如情节发展、人物情感变化、作者态度倾向）推断空格处的最佳选项，避免孤立理解单个句子；高阶层面则渗透文化意识考查，选材常涉及中外文化背景、社会生活场景或价值观导向内容，要求考生结合文化常识理解语篇内涵，体现语言学习与文化认知的融合。 在选材与设空设计上，完形填空遵循 “贴近生活、难易适中、注重素养” 的原则。选材多为记叙文、夹叙夹议文（偶见说明文），篇幅控制在 250-300 词左右，文本主题积极向上，兼具教育意义与可读性，如成长感悟、亲情友情、社会热点、文化习俗等；设空分布均匀，避免集中在某一局部段落，且空格多为实词（名词、动词、形容词、副词占比约 80%），虚词（连词、介词等）为辅，既考查词汇辨析与搭配能力，又通过虚词设空检验语篇逻辑衔接能力，确保考查内容全面覆盖语言知识与语用能力，符合高考对 “基础性、综合性、应用性” 的考查要求。 一、词汇理解与辨析类考点 该类考点在高考英语完形填空中占比最高（超 80%），聚焦实词在语境中的精准运用，是考生必须攻克的核心板块。细分来看，其包含近义词区分、形近词辨别和一词多义三种类型： 命题要点 近义词区分：命题人常将语义相近但情感色彩、使用场景、搭配习惯存在细微差异的词汇作为选项，例如 “journey”“trip”“travel”“voyage” 等表示 “旅行” 的词汇，需要考生依据语境精准判断。 形近词辨别：通过拼写相似但词义截然不同的单词制造干扰，如 “adapt（适应）” 与 “adopt（收养；采纳）” ，这类题目着重考查考生的词汇辨析能力与细心程度。 一词多义：选取具有多个释义的高频词，结合上下文设置考点，像 “book” 除了常见的 “书” 的含义，在 “book a ticket” 中意为 “预订” 。考生需突破思维定式，结合具体语境挖掘词汇的深层含义。 1. 近义词区分 在高考英语完形填空中，近义词的辨析是一大难点，它侧重对词性差异或语义侧重的辨别，考生需结合语法功能与语境精准选择。这类题目旨在考查学生对词汇细微差别的理解，以及在实际语境中运用词汇的能力。 【示例分析】 The teachers then ___ my singing skills and asked what role I wanted to play. A. advertised B. tested C. challenged D. polished 解析：从句子所处的 “面试场景” 语境分析，老师们对 “我” 的歌唱技能进行评估，“test”（测试）一词能准确体现这一行为，符合语义逻辑。“advertise”（宣传）通常用于推广产品、服务或理念，与老师评估学生能力的场景不匹配；“challenge”（挑战）强调提出难题或进行对抗性活动，放在此处语义不通；“polish”（打磨）虽有提升、完善的意思，但在该语境下，老师是先判断能力，而非直接进行打磨提升，所以其余选项均不合适。此外，这类近义词辨析题还常涉及动词、形容词等词性，比如 “effective” 和 “efficient”，前者强调有效果，后者侧重有效率，做题时一定要关注词性及语境需求。 2. 形近词辨别 高考英语完形填空中，形近词辨别是容易让考生掉入陷阱的考点。这类题目需要考生时刻保持警惕，因为这些词汇拼写相似，但含义却完全不同，稍不留意就会选错。在复习过程中，考生可以通过制作形近词对比表格的方式，加深对词汇的记忆与区分。 【示例分析】 She had to ___ to the new environment after moving to the city. A. adapt B. adopt C. adept D. adore 解析：“adapt” 是不及物动词，常见搭配 “adapt to”，意为 “适应”，在 “适应新环境” 这一语境中使用恰当。“adopt” 是及物动词，意思是 “收养；采纳”，如 “adopt a child”（收养孩子）、“adopt a plan”（采纳计划），与句子语境不符；“adept” 是形容词，意为 “熟练的、擅长的”，常用 “be adept at/in” 结构，词性和含义都不符合本题要求；“adore” 是及物动词，意为 “爱慕、崇拜”，也无法表达 “适应环境” 的语义，所以后三个选项均因含义不符被排除。考生在遇到形近词题目时，可先从词性入手，再结合词义和语境进行判断。 3. 一词多义 一词多义是高考英语完形填空的高频考点，同一词汇在不同语境中含义差异显著，这就要求考生必须依托上下文进行细致推断。很多时候，考生对某个单词的常见释义非常熟悉，但在特定语境中，该单词会呈现出不常用的含义，这就需要考生灵活运用知识，准确把握词汇在具体语境中的语义。 【示例分析】 We had decided on key items for the ___ we were moving to in town. A. hotel B. office C. cottage D. apartment 解析：本题解题的关键在于对后文线索的捕捉，“sit in my apartment today” 明确给出了提示，说明要搬去的地方是 “apartment”（公寓）。同时，结合 “item” 在此处指的是搬家物品，“hotel” 通常是临时居住场所，一般不会特意为其选定搬家物品；“office” 是办公地点，与日常生活中的搬家物品关联不大；“cottage”（小屋）在文中未提及相关信息，从上下文语境连贯性和语义合理性角度判断，“apartment” 为最佳选项。面对一词多义的题目，考生要像侦探一样，在文章中寻找蛛丝马迹，通过上下文确定词汇的确切含义。 二、语法结构类考点 考查基础语法在语境中的灵活运用，核心涉及非谓语动词、从句引导词和时态一致三大方向。 在非谓语动词的考查中，命题者常将过去分词、现在分词和动词不定式置于复杂语境，要求考生依据句子逻辑主语与动作的主被动关系、时间先后顺序精准判断。例如，当动作与逻辑主语构成主动关系且强调正在进行时，现在分词往往是正确选择；若存在被动关系，则需选用过去分词。 从句引导词的考点主要围绕定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句展开。考生需仔细辨别从句类型，分析引导词在从句中充当的成分。在定语从句里，关系代词（that, which, who 等）和关系副词（where, when, why 等）的选择取决于其在从句中作主语、宾语还是状语；名词性从句中，what、whether、if 等引导词的使用需根据句子语义和成分需求来确定。 时态一致的考查着重于上下文时态的连贯性。高考题目常通过多个动作的先后顺序、时间状语提示等方式，检验考生对一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等多种时态的理解与运用能力，要求考生确保整个语篇时态逻辑严密，避免出现时态矛盾的情况。 1. 非谓语动词 非谓语动词作为高考完形填空中的高频考点，需要考生精准判断其在句子中的逻辑关系，进而选择合适的形式。其中，to do 形式通常表示目的、将来或具体的一次性动作；doing 形式表示主动、进行或经常性、习惯性动作；done 形式则强调被动、完成的状态 。 【示例分析】 The project, ___ by setbacks, was completed ahead of schedule. 解析：过去分词 "marked" 表被动完成，说明项目 "被挫折标记"，符合逻辑。在该句中，“marked by setbacks” 作为后置定语修饰 “the project”，体现项目在完成前遭受挫折的被动完成状态，同时要注意与现在分词短语作定语（表主动、进行）的区分。例如，“The boy standing under the tree”（站在树下的男孩），“standing” 就表示主动且正在进行的动作。 2. 从句引导词 从句引导词的选择在高考完形填空中，主要涉及定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等，考生必须准确判断从句的性质，并理清其与主句之间的逻辑关系。 【示例分析】 I was reading a book in the classroom when there was an ___. A. which B. when C. that D. where 解析："when" 引导时间状语从句，表 "正在此时"，符合 "be doing...when..." 固定句式结构。这种结构中，“when” 并非表示常规的 “当…… 时候”，而是强调 “突然”。此外，在定语从句中，关系代词 “which”“that” 在从句中作主语或宾语，“where” 在从句中作地点状语，与本题情况不同。比如，“This is the house where I lived last year”（这是我去年住的房子），“where” 指代地点在从句中作状语；“The book which/that I bought yesterday is interesting”（我昨天买的那本书很有趣），“which/that” 在从句中作宾语，通过对比能更好掌握不同引导词的用法。 3. 时态与语态 时态与语态的判断在完形填空中，需要考生结合句中的时间线索，如时间状语、上下文语境等，同时分析动作之间的先后关系和主被动关系。被动语态的核心在于强调动作的承受者，而不是执行者。 【示例分析】 By the time we arrived, the performance ___ already ___. A. has; started B. had; started C. will; start D. was; starting 解析："by the time" 引导的过去时间点前发生的动作，需用过去完成时 "had started"。“by the time” 后接过去时间时，主句常用过去完成时，表示 “到…… 时候为止，已经……”；若后接将来时间，主句常用将来完成时，如 “By the time you come back, I will have finished the work”（到你回来的时候，我将已经完成工作）。此外，判断语态时，要分析主语和动词之间的关系，例如 “The bridge was built last year”（这座桥去年被建造），“bridge” 是动作 “build” 的承受者，所以用被动语态。 三、逻辑关系类考点 通过关联词考查对文章句间、段间逻辑的把握，这是高考英语完形填空的高频考点，涵盖转折、因果、并列等核心关系。转折关系常通过 however、but、yet 等词，揭示前后语义的反转，如前文描述困难重重，后文用 however 引出意外转机；因果关系借助 because、so、therefore 等词，建立事件的前因后果联系，像因天气恶劣，so 活动被迫取消；并列关系则依靠 and、or、both...and... 等词，呈现同等重要的信息，例如列举多种兴趣爱好时用 and 连接。这些关联词如同文章的 “隐形脉络”，考生需精准捕捉，才能理清文本逻辑，选出契合语境的答案。 1. 转折关系 转折关系在完形填空中是高频考点，其本质是通过标志词构建语义对立，核心标志词包含but、however、nevertheless。考生需重点关注：转折词前后的情感色彩是否相反，动作或状态是否矛盾，常见干扰项会设置语义相近但逻辑关系不符的词汇。 【示例分析】 The theory seemed perfect, nevertheless no one could reproduce it. 解析："nevertheless" 作为强转折词，将 "理论完美" 的正向描述与 "无法重现" 的负向结果形成鲜明对比，体现理论表象与实际可行性的矛盾。解题时需警惕类似 "therefore（因果）""moreover（递进）" 等逻辑混淆词。 2. 因果关系 因果关系考查考生对事件逻辑链的理解，包含原因→结果和结果→原因两种推理方向。核心标志词有because、so、thus、due to、consequently等。选项设计常围绕事件的直接关联性，错误选项可能是时间顺序相近但无因果的干扰项。 【示例分析】 Melanie Bailey should have finished the course earlier than she did. Her ____ came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line. A. delay（符合因果逻辑，"背着对手过终点" 导致 "赛程延误"） B. chance（机会，与原因无直接关联） C. trouble（麻烦，语义宽泛缺乏针对性） D. excuse（借口，与原文积极语境不符） 解析："because" 明确因果关系，解题关键在于找到与 "should have finished earlier" 形成因果呼应的词汇，同时注意时态一致性（过去式 came 对应过去发生的原因）。 3. 并列关系 并列关系用于连接语义对等、结构相似的成分，常见标志词包括and、or、as well as、not only...but also等。该类题目常涉及词性一致性、语义同类性两个考查维度，需特别注意平行结构中冠词、介词等虚词的复用规则。 【示例分析】 She is not only good at playing the piano but also ____ in painting. A. skilled（形容词，与 "good" 词性一致，构成 "be skilled in" 固定搭配） B. skill（名词，词性不符） C. skillfully（副词，修饰动词，与语境不符） D. skills（名词复数，无法与 "be...in" 搭配） 解析："not only...but also" 作为并列连词，要求前后结构严格平行，此处需选择与 "good" 词性、功能均匹配的形容词，形成 "be + adj. + 介词短语" 的平行结构。 四、固定搭配与语境推断类考点 在英语高考中，完形填空不仅是对词汇和语法的考查，更是对语言综合运用能力的检验。前者侧重积累习惯表达，后者依赖上下文线索推理，是完形填空的核心能力要求。所谓习惯表达，涵盖固定搭配（如 take pride in、make progress）、习语（kick the bucket 表示 “去世”）、口语化表达（no-brainer 指 “无需动脑的事”）等，这些内容需要考生通过长期阅读和语境积累形成语感；而上下文推理则要求考生具备逻辑分析能力，通过寻找指代关系（it/they 对应前文名词）、因果连词（therefore/however）、时间线索（firstly/meanwhile）以及情感色彩一致性，对空缺处进行精准判断。这两项能力相辅相成，既需要扎实的语言基本功，也离不开灵活的语篇分析技巧，共同构成了解题的关键钥匙。 1. 固定搭配 固定搭配作为高考英语完形填空中的高频考点，着重考查考生对常用短语和习语的掌握程度。这类考点涵盖动词短语、介词短语和习语，这些表达具有整体性，不能随意拆分或替换其中的词汇。在解题时，考生不仅要熟悉短语本身的含义，还要结合句子语境判断其是否适用。 【示例分析】 Burchill was ___ at the hotel on business and planning to visit some friends. A. studying B. staying C. looking D. packing 解析：在该句中，“stay at the hotel” 是一个典型的固定搭配，意为 “入住酒店”，这与句子中 “on business”（因公出差）的商务场景语义高度契合。选项 A “studying”（学习）、C “looking”（看）、D “packing”（打包），与 “at the hotel” 搭配时，均无法表达出合理的语义，因此正确答案为 B。此外，类似的固定搭配还有 “check in at the hotel”（办理酒店入住）、“check out of the hotel”（办理酒店退房）等，考生在备考时应加强积累。 2. 语境推断 语境推断类题目旨在考查考生对文章整体逻辑和细节信息的把握能力。在解答这类题目时，考生需要关注文章中的复现词、情感线索、逻辑关系词等隐含信息，通过上下文的相互印证来确定答案。这类题目往往需要考生跳出单个句子的限制，立足全文逻辑进行分析。 【示例分析】 I started getting really nervous. What if I didn’t get a main role? Soon, the cast list was ___. My friends checked and came back shouting, “Amy, you got the main role!” A. traded B. posted C. questioned D. claimed 解析：在这个语境中，关键线索是 “checked”（查看），只有当演员表被 “posted”（张贴）出来，朋友们才能够去查看，该选项符合上下文逻辑。而选项 A “traded”（交易），与演员表的发布毫无关联；选项 C “questioned”（质疑），代入句子后语义不通；选项 D “claimed”（宣称），也无法与 “checked” 形成合理的逻辑关系，因此均被排除。此外，考生在面对此类题目时，还应注意一些常见的情感线索词，如 “excited”“disappointed”“surprised” 等，这些词能够帮助我们快速把握作者或文中人物的情感态度，从而更好地理解语境。 五、情感态度类考点 情感态度类考点在高考完形填空中虽占比不及词汇类，但直接影响对语篇主旨的理解，常通过形容词、副词、动词等体现人物情绪或作者观点，需结合语境判断情感倾向（积极、消极、中性），避免因忽略情感线索选错答案。 这类题目中，选项往往是情感色彩鲜明的词汇，如 “delighted（高兴的）”“frustrated（沮丧的）”“calm（平静的）” 等。解题时需关注文中人物的动作、语言、环境描写等细节，比如 “she smiled brightly” 暗示积极情感，“he sighed heavily” 则可能体现消极情绪，通过这些线索锁定与情感倾向一致的选项。 1. 人物情绪判断 聚焦文中人物在特定场景下的情绪变化，选项多为描述情绪的形容词或动词，需结合动作、对话、环境等线索推断，避免仅凭词汇表面含义选择。在实际解题中，人物的微表情、心理活动描写以及场景氛围营造，都是判断情绪的重要依据。 【示例分析】 When I saw my painting displayed in the school gallery, I felt so ___ that I couldn’t help smiling. A. nervous B. proud C. confused D. tired 解析：从 “couldn’t help smiling”（忍不住笑）这一动作线索可判断，人物情绪是积极的。“proud”（自豪的）符合积极情感倾向；“nervous”（紧张的）、“confused”（困惑的）、“tired”（疲惫的）均为消极或中性情绪，与 “微笑” 的动作矛盾，因此排除。此外，类似的情绪线索还有 “tears of joy”（喜悦的泪水）暗示开心，“clenched fists”（紧握的拳头）可能体现愤怒或紧张，需重点关注。比如在某些文本中，人物突然加快的脚步、颤抖的声音，也能辅助判断其紧张、激动等情绪。部分文章还会通过环境描写烘托情绪，如 “阴沉的天空” 暗示压抑，“阳光洒满房间” 营造愉悦氛围。 2. 作者观点倾向 考查作者对事件、人物的态度，选项常为具有评价性的形容词或副词（如 “valuable（有价值的）”“unfair（不公平的）”），需通过作者的用词、语气及对事件的描述逻辑判断观点倾向。作者在文章中表达观点时，除了直接的情感词汇，还会通过对比、举例等论证方式来强化态度。 【示例分析】 The volunteer activity not only helped those in need but also taught us important life lessons. It was truly a ___ experience for everyone involved. A. meaningless B. painful C. rewarding D. boring 解析：作者用 “not only helped...but also taught...” 强调志愿活动的积极作用，体现肯定态度。“rewarding”（有意义的、有益的）符合作者的积极观点；“meaningless”（无意义的）、“painful”（痛苦的）、“boring”（无聊的）均为消极评价，与作者对活动的正面描述相悖。解题时，若文中出现 “fortunately（幸运地）”“unluckily（不幸地）” 等副词，也可直接判断作者的态度倾向。此外，当作者使用 “in my opinion”“from my perspective” 等表达时，往往会直接引出观点；而 “on the contrary”“while” 等词连接的内容，则可能通过对比展现观点差异。比如在描述两种不同的教育方式时，作者可能会用 “effective” 与 “ineffective” 等词汇形成鲜明对比，以此表明自己的态度。 六、文化背景类考点 高考完形填空偶尔会涉及英语国家的文化习俗、生活常识（如节日、社交礼仪、生活习惯等），这类题目需结合文化背景知识辅助判断，若缺乏相关认知，易因文化差异导致理解偏差。 文化背景类题目常隐藏在场景描述中，比如涉及 “Thanksgiving（感恩节）” 会关联 “turkey（火鸡）”“family gathering（家庭聚会）”；涉及 “restaurant etiquette（餐厅礼仪）” 会提到 “tip（小费）”“reservation（预订）”。复习时需积累常见的英语国家文化常识，避免因文化盲区选错答案。 1. 生活习俗场景 围绕英语国家的日常生活习惯（如饮食、交通、社交等）设置考点，需结合文化常识判断符合场景的行为或事物。在这类题目中，命题人常常利用中西方文化差异制造干扰项，考生既要熟悉西方社会的基础生活规范，也要善于从语境中捕捉关键线索。 【示例分析】 In many Western countries, it’s common to give a ___ to the waiter after dining in a restaurant as a way to show appreciation for good service. A. gift B. tip C. card D. flower 解析：在西方餐饮文化中，“给服务员小费” 是约定俗成的社交礼仪，通常小费金额为账单总额的 15%-20%，“tip”（小费）正是这一文化现象的精准表达。相比之下，“gift”（礼物）常用于私人关系或特殊场合，“card”（卡片）和 “flower”（花）虽然也能传递感谢，但不符合餐厅消费的常规答谢形式。此外，类似的生活习俗还有 “driving on the left side（靠左行驶）” 是英国、澳大利亚等英联邦国家的交通规则，需注意与美国等靠右行驶国家的差异；“shaking hands when meeting（见面握手）” 虽是通用社交礼仪，但在北欧部分地区，更流行简单点头示意。备考时，可整理典型生活场景的文化对比表格，如餐桌礼仪、日常问候用语等，强化跨文化意识。 2. 节日文化场景 结合英语国家的传统节日（如圣诞节、万圣节、复活节等）设置考点，选项常与节日相关的事物、活动匹配，需依托节日文化知识判断。这类题目往往通过营造节日氛围的描述，考查考生对节日核心元素的熟悉程度，尤其注重对节日专属符号和仪式的识别。 【示例分析】 At Christmas, families in Western countries usually decorate a ___ with lights, ornaments and gifts to celebrate the holiday. A. Christmas tree B. birthday cake C. lantern D. mooncake 解析：“装饰圣诞树” 是圣诞节最具代表性的传统之一，起源于 16 世纪的德国，如今已成为全球圣诞节的标志性符号。而 “birthday cake”（生日蛋糕）属于个人庆生场景；“lantern”（灯笼）在中国文化中象征团圆喜庆，常见于元宵节、中秋节；“mooncake”（月饼）更是中秋节阖家团圆的象征，均与圣诞节文化内核不符。值得注意的是，部分题目还会涉及节日的深层寓意，例如复活节彩蛋象征重生，感恩节火鸡代表丰收。复习时，可按时间轴梳理节日脉络，整理每个节日的起源故事、特色食物、传统活动及标志性符号，例如万圣节除 “pumpkin lanterns（南瓜灯）”“trick-or-treat（不给糖就捣蛋）” 外，还需注意 “costume party（化妆舞会）” 等衍生习俗，提升答题准确性。 七、语篇衔接类考点 语篇衔接类考点聚焦文章的整体性与连贯性，通过代词指代、词汇复现、逻辑连接等方式实现句间、段间的衔接，需准确把握上下文的关联，避免因忽略衔接线索导致语义断裂。 这类题目中，代词（it, they, this, that 等）的指代对象常需从前文寻找；词汇复现（原词复现、同义复现）可帮助锁定与前文语义一致的选项；逻辑连接则需结合前文提到的转折、因果等关系，确保衔接自然。 1. 代词指代判断 考查代词（人称代词、指示代词等）所指代的对象，需在前文寻找对应的名词或句子，确保指代明确、语义连贯。代词在句中主要起到避免重复、连接上下文的作用，因此判断其指代对象时，不仅要关注词性、单复数，还要考虑逻辑关系和语境含义。 在实际考试中，代词指代的干扰项往往会设置与前文出现过的人物或事物相关的词汇，增加迷惑性。解题时，可采用 “三步定位法”：首先，确定代词在句中的语法功能（如主语、宾语等）；其次，回溯前文，圈定可能的指代对象；最后，将选项代入原文，通过语义连贯性和逻辑合理性进行验证。 【示例分析】 Lisa bought a new book yesterday. She spent the whole evening reading ___ because the story was so interesting. A. it B. her C. him D. them 解析：代词 “it” 指代前文提到的单数名词 “a new book”，符合指代逻辑；“her”（她的 / 她）、“him”（他）指代人，与 “book”（事物）不符；“them” 指代复数名词，而 “book” 是单数，因此排除。此外，考生需注意，若句中出现多个可能的指代对象，需结合句子的核心内容判断。例如，若句中同时出现人物和事物，代词优先指代离其更近、逻辑关联更强的对象。解题时，若代词指代不明，可先确定前文出现的名词单复数、指代对象（人 / 事物），再匹配选项。 2. 词汇复现衔接 通过原词、同义词、近义词的重复出现，实现语篇衔接，解题时需关注前文出现的词汇，寻找与空缺处语义一致的复现词。词汇复现是英语语篇构建的重要手段，分为直接复现和间接复现两种类型。直接复现指原词重复，间接复现则涵盖同义替换、上下义词关联（如 “apple” 与 “fruit”）、反义词对比（如 “hot” 与 “cold”）等形式。这些复现方式能够帮助作者在不重复用词的情况下，保持文意的连贯性和逻辑性。 在解题过程中，考生需要建立 “上下文语义关联” 的意识。遇到填空时，不要仅关注选项本身，而是要快速扫描前文，寻找语义线索。有时，复现词可能隐藏在段落的主题句、过渡句或细节描述中，需要考生具备一定的文本敏感度。同时，要警惕干扰项中形似但语义不符的词汇，避免因惯性思维误选。 【示例分析】 The old man loved gardening. Every morning, he would go to his small ___ to water the flowers and vegetables he planted. A. kitchen B. garden C. bedroom D. office 解析：前文提到 “loved gardening（热爱园艺）”，“garden（花园）” 是 “gardening” 的相关复现词，符合 “浇水、种花草蔬菜” 的场景；“kitchen（厨房）”、“bedroom（卧室）”、“office（办公室）” 均与 “园艺” 无关，因此排除。此外，若遇到选项中无原词复现的情况，可考虑同义替换，如前文出现 “begin”，后文填空处可能用 “start”；或根据上下文逻辑选择上下义词，如前文提及 “bird”，后文填空处可用 “eagle” 作为具体例子。词汇复现不仅包括原词，还可能是同义替换（如前文 “happy”，后文用 “delighted”），需灵活识别。 八、语义辨析进阶类考点 该类考点是词汇类考查的深化，聚焦 “近义词在特定语境中的精准适配”，不仅要求区分词义，更需结合场景的情感强度、动作程度、搭配对象等细节判断，是拉开分数差距的关键题型。常见细分方向包括情感强度差异、动作精准度区分、抽象与具体语义辨别三类。 1. 情感强度差异 选项为语义相近但情感浓度不同的词汇（如 “like”“love”“adore”），需根据语境中人物的行为、语气判断情感强度，避免 “程度过轻” 或 “过度夸张” 的选项。这类题目常通过副词（如 “deeply”“slightly”）、语气词（如 “really”“even”）或场景描述（如 “lifelong”“momentary”）暗示情感量级。 【示例分析】 After raising her for 10 years, the old lady ___ her pet cat more than anything else in the world. A. liked B. loved C. admired D. favored 解析：“for 10 years”“more than anything else” 明确体现 “极致的情感”，“loved”（深爱）符合强度需求；“liked”（喜欢）程度过轻，无法匹配 “十年陪伴” 与 “胜过一切” 的语境；“admired”（敬佩）多用于对人的品格、能力的赞赏，不适用宠物；“favored”（偏爱）侧重 “相对其他选择的偏好”，而非绝对的深厚情感，因此排除。解题时可标记 “情感强度提示词”，如 “extremely”“hardly”“only” 等，辅助判断选项量级。 2. 动作精准度区分 选项为语义相关但动作细节不同的动词（如 “walk”“stroll”“march”），需结合动作的目的、姿态、场景判断 “最精准的动作描述”。这类题目常隐含动作的 “主动性 / 被动性”“速度 / 节奏”“目的性 / 随意性” 等细节线索。 【示例分析】 The soldiers ___ neatly along the street to celebrate the national day, with their heads held high. A. walked B. strolled C. marched D. ran 解析：“soldiers”“neatly”“heads held high” 指向 “有组织、有纪律的行进”，“marched”（列队行进）精准匹配军事场景的动作特征；“walked”（走）过于宽泛，未体现 “整齐” 与 “纪律性”；“strolled”（闲逛）强调 “随意、缓慢”，与士兵的庄重姿态矛盾；“ran”（跑）则不符合 “庆祝游行” 的平稳场景，因此排除。解题时可梳理 “动作场景对应表”，如 “医院场景” 常用 “treat”“examine”，“学校场景” 常用 “teach”“explain”，强化动作与场景的绑定记忆。 3. 抽象与具体语义辨别 选项为一组 “抽象概念词” 与 “具体事物词”（如 “success”“achievement”），需根据上下文是否有 “具体事例支撑” 判断语义类型。若文中提及具体事件、数据、物品，优先选具体词；若描述整体状态、感受、理念，优先选抽象词。 【示例分析】 Winning the regional competition was a great ___ for the young athlete, who had practiced day and night for half a year. A. success B. achievement C. progress D. fortune 解析：“Winning the regional competition” 是 “具体的事件成果”，“achievement”（具体成就）侧重 “通过努力获得的具体结果”，符合语境；“success”（成功）是抽象概念，常指 “整体状态的顺利”，不特指某件具体事件；“progress”（进步）强调 “过程中的提升”，而非 “最终结果”；“fortune”（运气）与 “practiced day and night” 体现的 “努力” 矛盾，因此排除。解题时可通过 “是否能对应具体事件 / 物品” 快速区分抽象与具体词，如 “gift”（具体礼物）和 “kindness”（抽象善意）。 九、语用功能类考点 聚焦语言在实际交际中的 “功能用途”，考查考生对 “请求、建议、道歉、邀请” 等语用场景的理解，需结合对话语气、句式结构、场景需求判断选项，避免仅从字面意思选择。常见细分方向包括交际意图判断、语气适配选择、场景功能匹配三类。 1. 交际意图判断 选项为不同交际功能的句式（如 “Could you...?”“Why not...?”），需根据上下文的 “需求”“问题” 或 “回应” 判断说话人的意图（请求、建议、拒绝等）。这类题目常通过 “疑问词”（如 “Could”“Would” 表委婉请求）、“回应内容”（如 “Sure”“Sorry” 对应不同意图）提供线索。 【示例分析】 I said ,“My phone died and I need to call my mom. ___ I use your phone for a minute?” “— Of course, here you are."he replied A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Will 解析：根据 “need to call”“use your phone” 可知说话人是 “委婉请求”，“Could”（委婉请求）符合交际意图；“Must”（必须）语气强硬，不符合请求场景；“Should”（应该）表建议，而非请求；“Will”（将要）表未来动作，无法体现请求意图，因此排除。解题时可整理 “交际意图句式表”，如 “表建议” 用 “Why not...?”“You’d better...?”，“表道歉” 用 “I’m sorry for...?”“Excuse me for...?”，强化功能与句式的对应。 2. 语气适配选择 选项为不同语气的词汇或句式（如 “maybe”“certainly”“probably”），需根据语境的 “确定性程度”“情感倾向” 判断语气强度。若文中有 “证据、事实、肯定回应”，选语气肯定的词；若有 “猜测、不确定、犹豫”，选语气委婉的词。 【示例分析】 The weather forecast said it will rain tomorrow, so we ___ need to take umbrellas when we go out. A. probably B. certainly C. maybe D. hardly 解析：“The weather forecast said” 是 “明确的证据支撑”，说明 “带伞” 是 “确定的需求”，“certainly”（肯定）符合语气；“probably”（可能）、“maybe”（或许）语气过于委婉，与 “天气预报” 的确定性矛盾；“hardly”（几乎不）则与语境完全相反，因此排除。解题时可标记 “语气提示词”，如 “definitely”“surely” 表肯定，“perhaps”“might” 表不确定，辅助判断语气适配度。 3. 场景功能匹配 选项为适用于不同场景的词汇或表达（如 “check in”“check out”“look up”），需结合场景的 “核心需求” 判断功能词。常见场景包括 “酒店、餐厅、医院、商店、机场” 等，每个场景有专属的功能表达，需通过场景关键词（如 “hotel reception”“restaurant menu”）锁定选项。 【示例分析】When we arrived at the hotel, the first thing we did was go to the front desk to ___, so we could get our room keys. A. check in B. check out C. pick up D. put down 解析：“hotel”“front desk”“get our room keys” 明确指向 “酒店入住场景”，“check in”（办理入住）是该场景的核心功能；“check out”（办理退房）与 “arrived”“get room keys” 矛盾；“pick up”（捡起；领取）需搭配具体物品（如 “package”），不适用酒店场景；“put down”（放下；写下）与 “拿钥匙” 的需求无关，因此排除。备考时可按 “场景 - 功能词” 分类整理，如 “餐厅场景” 常用 “order”“pay the bill”，“医院场景” 常用 “make an appointment”“see a doctor”，形成场景化记忆。 十、细节逻辑类考点 聚焦语篇中 “细微的逻辑关联”，需通过 “时间顺序、空间位置、因果链条、条件限制” 等细节线索判断选项，避免因忽略 “隐性逻辑” 导致语义断层。这类题目常通过 “时间副词”（如 “firstly”“finally”）、“空间介词”（如 “above”“below”）、“条件连词”（如 “if”“unless”）提供逻辑线索，是考查语篇精细理解能力的核心题型。 1. 时间顺序逻辑 选项为体现时间先后的词汇（如 “then”“later”“before”）或动词时态，需根据文中 “动作发生的先后顺序” 判断，确保时间线连贯。这类题目常通过 “动作描述的先后”（如 “woke up → brushed teeth → had breakfast”）、“时间标记词”（如 “at 8 am”“the next day”）构建时间逻辑。 【示例分析】I woke up early in the morning, ___ I washed my face and brushed my teeth, and then I went to the kitchen to make breakfast. A. so B. then C. while D. since 解析：“woke up → washed → went” 是 “先后发生的动作”，“then”（然后）体现时间顺序；“so”（因此）表因果，文中无因果关系；“while”（当…… 时）表同时发生，与 “先后动作” 矛盾；“since”（自从；因为）既不表时间顺序，也无因果逻辑，因此排除。解题时可画出 “时间轴”，标注每个动作的发生顺序，再匹配时间逻辑词。 2. 空间位置逻辑 选项为体现空间关系的介词（如 “in”“on”“under”“beside”）或副词（如 “here”“there”“above”），需根据文中 “物体 / 人物的位置描述” 判断空间关联，确保场景画面连贯。这类题目常通过 “视觉描述”（如 “the box on the table”“the girl beside the window”）提供空间线索。 【示例分析】 The little girl sat ___ her mother on the sofa, listening to a story about magic. A. beside B. above C. below D. behind 解析：“on the sofa”“listening to a story together” 暗示 “两人相邻而坐”，“beside”（在…… 旁边）符合空间场景；“above”（在…… 上方）、“below”（在…… 下方）描述垂直空间关系，与 “沙发上” 的水平场景矛盾；“behind”（在…… 后面）无法体现 “一起听故事” 的互动场景，因此排除。解题时可想象 “场景画面”，根据 “人物 / 物体的互动方式”（如 “talk together”“share a book”）判断空间位置。 3. 条件限制逻辑 选项为体现条件关系的连词（如 “if”“unless”“as long as”）或副词（如 “only”“just”“even”），需根据 “前提条件” 与 “结果” 的关联判断选项，确保逻辑严密。这类题目常通过 “假设、限制、要求” 等描述（如 “you can go out if you finish homework”）构建条件逻辑。 【示例分析】 You will not pass the exam ___ you study hard and practice more questions before the test. A. if B. unless C. because D. though 解析：“will not pass” 与 “study hard” 是 “否定结果” 与 “必要条件” 的关系，“unless”（除非，相当于 “if not”）符合逻辑；“if”（如果）表肯定条件，与 “will not pass” 矛盾；“because”（因为）表因果，文中无因果关系；“though”（虽然）表转折，无法体现条件限制，因此排除。解题时可将选项代入原文，检验 “条件” 与 “结果” 是否形成 “必要 / 充分” 关联，如 “unless” 引导必要条件，“if” 引导充分条件。 考点精讲讲练 【2025浙江1月卷】Manuela Ribeiro has a healthy addiction. It’s 41 . A few months ago, the 30-year-old teacher decided it was time to put her 42 to good use. She signed up on the website Bookalokal, and now welcomes 43 into her Brussels flat twice a week for dinner parties. Ribeiro 44 €35 per person for what is usually a three-course meal that can last up to three hours. For Ribeiro, it has become a perfect platform for 45 her hobby of buying food, 46 new recipes and holding dinner parties. “It’s a great opportunity to share my passion for food and to 47 new people,” said Ribeiro. Sometimes she prepares traditional Brazilian dishes 48 her native home; other times she 49 dinner courses with her favorite beers. The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom, as 50 to a restaurant where the service is 51 , the menu is known in advance, and the meal is expected to be no 52 . “But it’s also a great 53 , for it can sometimes take days to 54 a single event,” Ribeiro said. “This platform is not only 55 for professional cooks, but also for those willing to discover new experiences.” 41．A．reading B．traveling C．cooking D．teaching 42．A．hobby B．energy C．education D．money 43．A．coworkers B．students C．relatives D．strangers 44．A．pays B．charges C．owes D．raises 45．A．pursuing B．choosing C．discussing D．changing 46．A．passing on B．trying out C．going over D．taking down 47．A．hire B．help C．meet D．train 48．A．in addition to B．in return for C．in honor of D．in line with 49．A．replaces B．tastes C．orders D．pairs 50．A．opposed B．related C．subject D．vital 51．A．invaluable B．impersonal C．unsuitable D．unprofessional 52．A．surprise B．end C．need D．problem 53．A．lesson B．pleasure C．success D．challenge 54．A．celebrate B．record C．attend D．organise 55．A．selected B．reserved C．evaluated D．requested 【答案】 41．C 42．A 43．D 44．B 45．A 46．B 47．C 48．C 49．D 50．A 51．B 52．A 53．D 54．D 55．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Manuela Ribeiro将自己的烹饪爱好发展成副业，通过在Bookalokal网站上提供晚餐聚会服务，与陌生人分享美食并结交新朋友的故事。 41．考查名词词义辨析：句意：Manuela Ribeiro有一种健康的癖好。那就是烹饪。A. reading阅读；B. traveling旅行；C. cooking烹饪；D. teaching教学。根据下文“She signed up on the website Bookalokal, and now welcomes 　　　　　 into her Brussels flat twice a week for dinner parties”可知，她现在在Bookalokal网站上提供晚餐聚会服务，由此推知她的嗜好是烹饪。故选C。 42．考查名词词义辨析：句意：几个月前，这位30岁的老师决定是时候好好利用她的爱好了。A. hobby爱好；B. energy精力；C. education教育；D. money钱。根据上文“Manuela Ribeiro has a healthy addiction. It’s 1 .”可知，她的爱好是烹饪，此处指好好利用她的烹饪爱好。故选A。 43．考查名词词义辨析：句意：她在Bookalokal 网站上注册了，现在每周两次欢迎陌生人到她布鲁塞尔的公寓来参加晚宴。A. coworkers同事；B. students学生；C. relatives亲戚；D. strangers陌生人。根据下文“It’s a great opportunity to share my passion for food and to 　 　　 new people”可知，这是一个分享她对食物的热爱和结识新朋友的好机会，由此推知她欢迎陌生人到她的公寓参加晚宴。故选D。 44．考查动词词义辨析：句意：对于通常一顿可能持续长达三个小时的三道菜的晚餐，Ribeiro向每人收取35欧元。A. pays支付；B. charges收费；C. owes欠；D. raises提高，筹集。根据下文“€35 per person for what is usually a three-course meal”可知，这是Manuela Ribeiro为客人提供的晚餐的收费标准，即每人收费35欧元。故选B。 45．考查动词词义辨析：句意：对Ribeiro来说，这已经成为她追求购买食材、尝试新食谱以及举办晚宴这些爱好的一个完美平台。A. pursuing追求；B. choosing选择；C. discussing讨论；D. changing改变。根据上文“Manuela Ribeiro has a healthy addiction. It’s 1 .”可知，Manuela Ribeiro热爱烹饪，所以此处想表达的是“追求她购买食材的爱好”。故选A。 46．考查动词短语辨析：句意：对Ribeiro来说，这已经成为她追求购买食材、尝试新食谱以及举办晚宴这些爱好的一个完美平台。A. passing on传递；B. trying out尝试；C. going over复习；D. taking down记下。根据下文“new recipes”可知，此处表示尝试新食谱。故选B。 47．考查动词词义辨析：句意：“这是一个分享我对食物的热情以及结识新朋友的好机会。” Ribeiro说。A. hire雇佣；B. help帮助；C. meet遇见，结识；D. train训练。根据下文“This platform is not only 　 　　for professional cooks, but also for those willing to discover new experiences.”可知，这个平台不仅适合专业厨师，也适合那些愿意探索新体验的人，由此可推测出Manuela Ribeiro通过这个平台可以认识新朋友。故选C。 48．考查介词短语辨析。句意：有时她准备传统的巴西菜肴，以纪念她的祖国；有时她会用她最喜欢的啤酒搭配晚餐。A. in addition to除……外（还）；B. in return for作为……的回报；C. in honor of为了纪念；D. in line with符合。根据下文“her native home”以及语境可知，为了纪念她的祖国，Ribeiro会准备传统的巴西菜肴。故选C。 49．考查动词词义辨析：句意：有时她会按照她的家乡巴西的传统准备传统的巴西菜肴；有时她会把晚餐菜肴和她最喜欢的啤酒搭配起来。A. replaces代替；B. tastes品尝；C. orders订购；D. pairs配对，搭配。根据下文“dinner courses with her favorite beers”可知，此处表示用Ribeiro最喜欢的啤酒搭配晚餐。故选D。 50．考查形容词词义辨析：句意：这个平台让Ribeiro能够非常自由地实现她的梦想，与餐馆形成对比，在餐馆里服务是没有人情味的，菜单是提前知道的，而且人们期望用餐过程中没有惊喜。A. opposed相反的，对立的；B. related相关的；C. subject受…… 支配的；D. vital至关重要的。根据下文“to a restaurant where the service is”可知，此处是将在平台上做饭和开餐厅进行对比，表示两者是相反的。故选A。 51．考查形容词词义辨析：句意：这个平台让Ribeiro能够非常自由地实现她的梦想，与餐馆形成对比，在餐馆里服务是没有人情味的，菜单是提前知道的，而且人们期望用餐过程中没有惊喜。A. invaluable无价的；B. impersonal没有人情味的；C. unsuitable不合适的；D. unprofessional不专业的。根据下文“the menu is known in advance, and the meal is expected to be no 　　 　”可知，菜单是提前知道的，而且饭菜没有什么惊喜，说明餐厅的服务是没有人情味的。故选B。 52．考查名词词义辨析：句意：这个平台让Ribeiro能够非常自由地实现她的梦想，与餐馆形成对比，在餐馆里服务是没有人情味的，菜单是提前知道的，而且人们期望用餐过程中没有惊喜。A. surprise惊喜；B. end结束；C. need需要；D. problem问题。根据上文“the menu is known in advance”可知，菜单是提前知道的，由此推知饭菜没有什么惊喜。故选A。 53．考查名词词义辨析：句意：“但这也是一个很大的挑战，因为有时组织一场活动可能需要好几天的时间。” Ribeiro说。A. lesson教训；B. pleasure快乐；C. success成功；D. challenge挑战。根据下文“it can sometimes take days to 　　 　　 a single event”可知，有时组织一个活动可能需要几天的时间，这是一件具有挑战性的事情。故选D。 54．考查动词词义辨析：句意：“但这也是一个很大的挑战，因为有时组织一场活动可能需要好几天的时间。” Ribeiro说。A. celebrate庆祝；B. record记录；C. attend参加；D. organise组织。根据下文“a single event”可知，此处指组织一个活动。故选D。 55．考查动词词义辨析：句意：“这个平台不仅是为专业厨师保留的，也是为那些愿意发现新体验的人准备的。”A. selected选择；B. reserved保留；C. evaluated评估；D. requested请求。根据下文“for professional cooks, but also for those willing to discover new experiences”可知，这个平台不仅为专业厨师保留，而且也为那些愿意发现新体验的人保留，应用be reserved for。故选B。 训练 1 One summer night, my friends and I stole into the Jordans’ backyard and started harvesting their sweet, juicy raspberries (树莓). We were enjoying every bite of the tasty berries 1 Mr Jordan came charging outside all of a sudden. “What are you boys doing out here?” he yelled as my friends ran off 2 all directions. He attempted to catch one or two as they rushed past him, but they were too 3 for the older gentleman to catch. Within seconds, the boys 4 into the dark of the summer night, all except me. Speed was never my 5 . I took the tongue-lashing (痛骂) that Mr. Jordan gave me as he marched me down the block to my house, where my mother took over and scolded me 6 . My friends said they could hear every colorful word she spoke from the darkness of our backyard, where they had gathered to 7 their escape and to observe my capture. They 8 me about it for days afterwards, while all I could do was complain about how 9 it was that I was the only one who had to pay the price. After about a week of this, I complained to my father about the inequality of the situation. Dad said, “You took raspberries without 10 , and you get exactly the punishment you deserved.” “But what about the other guys?” I asked. “They didn’t get punished at all!” “That’s not my concern nor should it be yours,” Dad said. “You can’t 11 what happens to others. You can only 12 what happens to you. You made a bad choice that night, and you were punished for it.” For the duration of the following years, I come to realize there is no 13 that life will treat us fairly. That’s why we can’t 14 comparing our lives with the lives of others. Like Dad said, that isn’t our 15 . 1．A．before B．while C．when D．after 2．A．towards B．in C．at D．from 3．A．smart B．foxy C．swift D．intelligent 4．A．hid B．marched C．hurried D．disappeared 5．A．strength B．power C．intention D．option 6．A．cruelly B．bitterly C．mercilessly D．pitifully 7．A．negotiate B．celebrate C．plot D．congratulate 8．A．asked B．comforted C．teased D．challenged 9．A．unhappy B．frustrating C．disappointing D．unfair 10．A．thinking B．warning C．asking D．informing 11．A．control B．predict C．accept D．explain 12．A．put up with B．get away with C．agree with D．deal with 13．A．reason B．guarantee C．chance D．doubt 14．A．get stuck in B．get engaged in C．be interested in D．be buried in 15．A．problem B．complaint C．concern D．choice 2 At 17, I quit school, left home and moved from place to place. Years later, I was 16 for possessing drugs. I’d never touched drugs, but nobody believed me because my wandering lifestyle failed to defend my 17 I was sent to prison. My cellmate was Herbert. We both worked in the electric shop. I wouldn’t let the fact that I was 18 imprisoned defeat me; so to keep myself 19 I volunteered for extra work, My attitude and effort earned me Herbert’s confidence and friendship. Before Herbert was 20 , he offered me a job at his big company. Never had I expected 21 would smile on me! Deeply touched by Herbert’s 22 I was determined that someday I’d help other ex-prisoners this way. Once out of prison, I went to Herbert’s company, where I was 23 rapidly through hard work. When I had a 24 in employment, I began to perform the 25 I had made to myself. Through the years, we have offered over 300 ex-prisoners 26 jobs. We believe in them, regardless of their past. As we know, prison 27 a man. When his tern ends, society rarely gives him a paid-in-full receipt. He carries the 28 of “prisoner” wherever he goes. Nobody trusts or wants him. The only 29 open for him might lead back to crime. I’m glad I’ve 30 some of them and inspired their passion for a new life. 16．A．fired B．arrested C．rejected D．blamed 17．A．dignity B．ambition C．innocence D．identity 18．A．unjustly B．indirectly C．leisurely D．readily 19．A．comfortable B．satisfied C．humble D．occupied 20．A．sentenced B．released C．punished D．rescued 21．A．duty B．freedom C．courage D．fortune 22．A．trust B．honesty C．praise D．forgiveness 23．A．promoted B．convinced C．informed D．educated 24．A．choice B．judgment C．direction D．voice 25．A．task B．function C．promise D．explanation 26．A．challenging B．first-rate C．decent D．temporary 27．A．limits B．transforms C．disciplines D．marks 28．A．label B．attitude C．signal D．manner 29．A．advice B．position C．route D．reward 30．A．caught up with B．reached out to C．kept away from D．got ahead of 3 Standing on the edge of the plane, my tandem skydiving (双人跳伞) instructor, Bill, turned to face me. “Do you have any last words?” he asked. “Yes,” I said, joking. “I hope my parachute (降落伞) 31 .” I’d never felt more alive as Bill and I 32 and started our free fall. As we reached 4,000 feet, I felt a parachute open. This, I was told, would slow us down for a smooth 33 . But why were we still 34 so fast? I could hear Bill swearing as he tried to 35 whatever had gone wrong. Worse still, our emergency parachute unexpectedly got 36 on something. At that moment, I just felt so 37 that I’d even invited my family along to experience sorrow instead of watching my wonderful performance. We 38 the ground. An unimaginable pain shot up my back. Feeling weak and tired out, I gathered all my 39 , and turned to face Bill. He started screaming. From my neck down, I could hardly 40 . My mother couldn’t help crying as we were placed into a(n) 41 from the hospital. After years of treatment, the deep physical and mental pain is 42 . I heard Bill made a full 43 and returned to skydiving. I was always terrified of being myself and doing the things I wanted. Now I’ve learned I need to be 44 . There’s nothing like falling from 15,000 feet without a parachute and surviving. It forces me to 45 every day! 31．A．flies B．breaks C．opens D．folds 32．A．dropped out B．stepped out C．climbed out D．rolled out 33．A．blow B．rise C．turn D．fall 34．A．traveling B．riding C．skipping D．escaping 35．A．evaluate B．define C．ignore D．fix 36．A．caught B．burnt C．charged D．controlled 37．A．relieved B．curious C．guilty D．stressed 38．A．occupied B．hit C．attacked D．swept 39．A．strength B．faith C．spirits D．thoughts 40．A．scream B．whisper C．breathe D．move 41．A．taxi B．coach C．ambulance D．bus 42．A．returning B．healing C．beginning D．worsening 43．A．recovery B．list C．impact D．fortune 44．A．hopeless B．aimless C．selfless D．fearless 45．A．spend B．value C．recall D．imagine 4 It was Jennifer Williams’s mother who got her interested in books. A librarian, she 46 to her three children every day. When Williams, now 54, became an elementary school teacher in Danville, Virginia, she wanted her students to 47 with reading just as she had. But early on, she realized that some kids had limited 48 to books. To Williams, the 49 was simple: Give kids books. In 2017, as part of a civic event called Engage Dan-ville, she 50 900 used children’s books over three days. Most people would be 51 with that. “I was like, ‘Anybody could do that,’” she said. “I wanted to do something that’s going to stretch my faith, my work ethic, my everything.” So she raised the number 52 by setting a new goal for herself: Give away one million books. It sounds like an 53 number. 54 , she got to work, first by roping in friends to give away books or money to buy books. Before long, as 55 of Williams’s project spread, strangers started leaving bundles of books on her front porch. As quickly as the books come in, Williams gives them to local schools—free of 56 —and also 57 books to little free libraries around the city of 41,000 just over the North Carolina border. She also 58 a book club for inmates in the local jail. In the four years she’s been doing all this, the Book Lady, as Williams has come to be known, has given away more than 78,000 books—only 922,000 more to reach her 59 ! And she’s not slowing down. It’s too 60 for kids with few options. “Reading can take you anywhere,” she told CNN. “You can travel in time and space. If you can read, you can learn almost anything.” 46．A．showed B．read C．lied D．responded 47．A．catch up B．come up C．fall in love D．get along 48．A．ability B．accuracy C．account D．access 49．A．solution B．deal C．promise D．key 50．A．covered B．bought C．donated D．delivered 51．A．satisfied B．strict C．familiar D．honest 52．A．considerately B．slightly C．simply D．considerably 53．A．unbearable B．unreachable C．unlucky D．undefined 54．A．Consequently B．Still C．Otherwise D．However 55．A．information B．disease C．news D．rumor 56．A．tax B．charge C．damage D．interest 57．A．supplies B．introduces C．attaches D．accompanies 58．A．cancels B．hosts C．describes D．designs 59．A．judgement B．conclusion C．level D．goal 60．A．important B．interesting C．impractical D．individual 5 Feeling unproductive even after working all day? Do you ever feel guilty for relaxing, even after you’ve worked hard all day? Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout? You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia. Although not a scientific term, it’s a helpful way to describe the feeling of 61 to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more, even when you’re completely drained. It’s the pursuit of productivity that motivates you to do more while 62 you of the ability to enjoy any success along the way. Productivity dysmorphia may look like working 63 on the weekends because you think you should be doing more, even though you did more than your share of work throughout the week. It could look like feeling ashamed of yourself when watching a movie or hanging out with friends because it feels like you’re 64 time that you could have spent working. Highly competitive, work-oriented cultures 65 this constant pursuit of productivity that affects other areas of life. 66 , you’re often praised for putting productivity above your well-being. Remember how schools rewarded perfect attendance? 67 , companies prefer employees who get the maximum work done while taking the fewest possible breaks. 68 like these stress that rest is bad and that being constantly at work is the right thing to do. Sometimes called “ 69 capitalism,” this mindset pushes people to force their minds and bodies to work even though they’re 70 . The problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it, but rather the social pressure to find self-worth in work achievements encourages people to dedicate their free time to extra work, 71 the family dinners to cat in front of a computer, and take work devices on vacations so they can wrap up a project on the plane. There’s a difference between enjoying work, working a lot, and feeling compelled to work 72 whether you enjoy it. Popular quotes like “if you do what you love, you don’t work a single day in life” may normalize overworking under the assumption that if you’re 73 about something, you won’t ever get tired. As people place more and more importance on work, it becomes harder to justify something if it doesn’t lead to productivity. Some writers have even begun describing rest as 74 , as if people should stop relaxing if it doesn’t improve performance in some way. Not only does this mindset make it difficult to view and celebrate your achievements, but it also pushes you to build your entire life around work. The only milestones that mater are achieving work goals. The worst part? There’s no sense of 75 when you reach these goals. 61．A．hesitating B．learning C．agreeing D．failing 62．A．assuring B．convincing C．robbing D．accusing 63．A．alone B．extra C．later D．reluctantly 64．A．finding B．investing C．wasting D．saving 65．A．discourage B．evolve C．normalize D．criticize 66．A．In fact B．In other words C．On the contrary D．By comparison 67．A．Reversely B．Consequently C．Alternatively D．Similarly 68．A．Shares B．Breaks C．Habits D．Rewards 69．A．internalized B．rejected C．civilized D．classified 70．A．standing out B．breaking down C．catching up D．showing off 71．A．take B．enjoy C．skip D．extend 72．A．irrespective of B．associated with C．as a result of D．in spite of 73．A．particular B．passionate C．pessimistic D．curious 74．A．essential B．desirable C．productive D．imaginary 75．A．humor B．fulfillment C．timing D．justice 6 When I was a child, mealtimes were treasured family moments. My favorite dish was spaghetti pomodoro, simple pasta in tomato sauce. Our meals 76 fresh vegetables, fruits, and, in our teenage years, a glass of red wine. Occasionally, I enjoyed a few slices of prosciutto (熏火腿) , and outdoor sports kept me active. This traditional Mediterranean diet, rooted in centuries of cultural heritage, kept me healthy and proved to be beneficial for the 77 well-being as well. In 2020, the Mediterranean diet celebrated its tenth anniversary as a UNESCO-designated “Cultural Heritage of Humanity.” Yet, surprisingly, Italians are 78 this healthy lifestyle. Fast food consumption is rising, portions are growing, and fewer families sit down for 79 together. Alarmingly, Italian children now rank among the most overweight in Europe, according to a World Health Organization study. This issue extends beyond Italy to become a(n) 80 crisis. Malnutrition is a(n) 81 problem: while hunger is rising globally, with 821 million people undernourished, two billion people are overweight. 82 , one-third of all food produced is wasted. Livestock farming alone consumes two-thirds of agricultural land and accounts for half of agriculture-related greenhouse gas emissions. Without immediate changes, this cycle will 83 . By 2050, the global population is expected to 84 by 2.3 billion, intensifying the demand for meat. Since the mid-20th century, the food system has prioritized quantity over quality, 85 vast food waste. A fundamental shift is urgently needed to focus on producing healthier, more sustainable food. The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals offer a roadmap to end hunger, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. 86 these goals requires governments to support sustainable farming practices, reduce food waste, and ensure healthy food is both accessible and affordable. Taxing unhealthy food is not enough; fruits and vegetables must become both profitable for farmers and 87 for consumers. Companies must also 88 . At Barilla, we work with farmers to sustainably grow durum wheat, combining traditional crop rotation with modern tools like advanced weather forecasting. This improves efficiency, lowers costs, and enhances quality. 89 , sustainability must be joyful, not punitive. Food should remain colorful, appetizing, and social. The Mediterranean diet reminds us to 90 vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, reduce meat consumption, and enjoy meals together. By embracing these habits, we can nourish our health and protect the planet for generations to come. 76．A．offered B．matched C．featured D．listed 77．A．cook’s B．planet’s C．nation’s D．teenager’s 78．A．taking up B．sticking to C．switching to D．moving away from 79．A．meals B．rules C．gossip D．entertainment 80．A．European B．Asian C．global D．regional 81．A．social B．contradictory C．medical D．unlimited 82．A．Necessarily B．Meaningfully C．Morally D．Shockingly 83．A．worsen B．stabilize C．swing D．restore 84．A．decline B．grow C．double D．reach 85．A．ranked as B．contributing to C．reserved for D．resulting from 86．A．Defining B．Setting C．Achieving D．Assessing 87．A．affordable B．delicious C．edible D．luxurious 88．A．leave out B．fade away C．melt down D．step up 89．A．Consequently B．However C．Moreover D．Initially 90．A．escape B．forecast C．conserve D．prioritize 7 Every year, the world loses some of its 7,000 languages. Parents stop speaking them to their children, words are forgotten and communities lose the ability to read their own 91 . The UN’s culture agency, UNESCO, said predictions that half of the world’s languages will have died out by the end of the century are 92 . Some are disappearing with their last 93 . Thousands are 94 because they are not being spoken widely enough or used in formal settings such as schools or workplaces. The rate of loss is 95 , from one every three months a decade ago to one every 40 days in 2019 — meaning nine languages die a year. A quiet 96 is under way in communities that feel their traditions are drowned out. Tochi Precious, a Nigerian living in Abuja, said: “It pains my heart every day to see that a language is 97 , because it’s not just about the language, it’s also about the people, the history associated with it and the culture. When it is gone, everything linked to it is gone too.” Precious said it was this 98 that made her join efforts to save Igbo, a west African language that was predicted to disappear in 2024. Ensuring there is a(n) 99 of words and meanings, how it is written and how it is used is key, according to campaigners, who help others protect their languages through the organisation Wikitongues. Online encyclopaedia (百科全书) is favoured by language activists as an effective and 100 way to upload media and build dictionaries. Wikitongues, in particular, focuses on 101 languages using collective resources free of charge, such as Wikipedia entries. Many language activists also create books, videos and recordings that can be widely 102 . But after 103 , activists then have the challenge of persuading people to use a language. Precious said that even though Igbo is one of Nigeria’s largest languages, many parents believe only English is useful for a child’s future. But she said it gave her pleasure to see the language doing better. “I have realised that, yes, a language can be endangered but then the people who speak the language can also fight for its 104 . Because 2025 is already here, and definitely Igbo is not 105 ,” she said. 91．A．truth B．mind C．thoughts D．scripts 92．A．confident B．optimistic C．correct D．accurate 93．A．speakers B．courses C．barriers D．studies 94．A．endangered B．different C．informal D．unofficial 95．A．cut B．changed C．quickening D．dropping 96．A．backfire B．outbreak C．offset D．fightback 97．A．cutting off B．dying off C．levelling off D．falling off 98．A．loss B．deal C．identity D．network 99．A．need B．combination C．record D．outcome 100．A．conventional B．permanent C．precise D．affordable 101．A．analysing B．documenting C．developing D．translating 102．A．admired B．expected C．respected D．shared 103．A．innovation B．reservation C．preservation D．motivation 104．A．survival B．right C．country D．independence 105．A．universal B．dominant C．restored D．extinct 8 We all know someone like it. You probably work with or are even related to one. And with Christmas approaching, the season of office parties and family gatherings, you’re increasingly likely to have to 106 with one and rediscover just how annoying they are. We’re talking about the ‘know-it-all’. Individuals who will enthusiastically 107 you about any topic or area, despite clearly having little to no expert knowledge in what they’re talking about. And often, even though 108 do. Why would anyone assume 109 knowledge to everyone else, about every possible subject matter? One is the phenomenon of ‘naive realism’, which describes how people instinctively assume that their 110 of the world reflects objective reality. In reality, everything we see and ‘know’ about the world passes through our brain’s shortcuts, biases, emotional memories, and other mental processes. What we believe is reality in our heads is often noticeably different from what is reality, but we don’t recognize this happening. 111 , we regularly encounter people who see the world from another perspective. But naive realism means we assume that those who understand the world differently are 112 . For a seemingly large number of people, this results in an irresistible urge to ‘correct’ others. It may be 100 per cent well intended, but that doesn’t make it any less 113 . However, this can’t be the 114 story. Many people experience naive realism, yet never do or say anything about it. True know-it-alls don’t actually wait for you to make a mistake before 115 to you. This suggests something beyond naive realism that drives know-it-all behavior. Another cognitive bias (认知偏差) at work, proposed in a recent study by Gehlbach, Robinson, and Fletcher, is ‘the illusion of information adequacy’. Put simply, this describes how though many people 116 sufficient information to make accurate judgments about something, they’ll assume the opposite. It’s logically very hard to 117 what we don’t know. Then there’s the Dunning-Kruger effect: the cognitive bias where people with limited competence in a certain area tend to 118 their abilities. Their lack of smart thinking means they struggle to acknowledge when someone else knows more than them, meaning they dare to argue with those who are better informed. And because people often respond more to 119 than accuracy, they often get away with it. If this happens often enough, across enough subjects, they could convince themselves that they’re 120 on pretty much everything, even though the opposite is true. 106．A．cooperate B．interact C．compete D．identify 107．A．mislead B．question C．encourage D．lecture 108．A．you B．some C．many D．they 109．A．realistic B．practical C．superior D．objective 110．A．domination B．perception C．assessment D．exploitation 111．A．On the contrary B．In other words C．By the way D．As a result 112．A．wrong B．normal C．imaginative D．unprofessional 113．A．controversial B．bothersome C．manageable D．puzzling 114．A．real B．personal C．full D．same 115．A．talking down B．reaching out C．turning around D．holding on 116．A．gain B．require C．lack D．display 117．A．understand B．apply C．explain D．recognize 118．A．distrust B．overestimate C．redefine D．misuse 119．A．confidence B．status C．fluency D．quantity 120．A．advocates B．innovators C．experts D．optimists 9 When I moved from New York City to Washington D．C． three months ago, I had to call cable and utility companies to cancel the services to my old apartment and fix the Internet service in the new one. It was both time-consuming and 121 . Each time I called, I was greeted by an automatic answering system that tried to navigate me to a solution. When that 122 , I hit the button for a customer service representative. That was when the real pain started. All the representatives, I was told, were currently 123 and the estimated waiting time was 18 minutes in one case and 32 minutes in another. I sank into despair once when the phone was 124 accidentally after it had waited for nearly 15 minutes accompanied by service promotion ads and monotonous music from the other end. At that moment, I did 125 my bank and utility companies in China where customer representatives seem always 126 available. I don’t know how many people like to talk to a 127 . But this is an area where lots of jobs can be created in the United States, especially when 128 is still high — 7.7 percent in February, though the lowest since December 2008. That 129 explains why when China created 12.66 million urban jobs in 2012, the US created only 1.8 million. And mind you, those Chinese jobs weren’t taken from Americans despite the fact that many US politicians and average workers seem to think so, and even use it as an 130 to gain political capital. Two economists, Robert Z. Lawrence from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and Lawrence Edwards from the University of Cape Town shed light on the 131 during their talk at the Peterson Institute in Washington on Tuesday. After conducting an extensive survey of empirical literature (实证文献) to date and, more importantly, carrying out their own in-depth 132 of the evidence, they concluded that rapid 133 in emerging economies (新兴经济体) is part of the solution to the US economic problems rather than their cause. The 134 contradict several popular theories on the 135 impact on the US of its trade with developing countries such as China and India. 121．A．enjoyable B．essential C．painful D．dull 122．A．stopped B．continued C．improved D．failed 123．A．busy B．angry C．tired D．away 124．A．sold out B．cut off C．taken away D．broken into 125．A．hate B．understand C．miss D．forget 126．A．permanently B．readily C．temporarily D．financially 127．A．customer B．representative C．machine D．politician 128．A．expectation B．unemployment C．temperature D．estimation 129．A．probably B．unconvincingly C．traditionally D．inadequately 130．A．ability B．objective C．impression D．excuse 131．A．major B．job C．subject D．service 132．A．analyses B．experiments C．plans D．decisions 133．A．decline B．growth C．disappearance D．discovery 134．A．effects B．instructions C．predictions D．conclusions 135．A．great B．immediate C．negative D．invisible 10 My 91-year-old grandfather called me to 136 his new hearing aid. For the first time in a long time, he could hear my voice. It 137 us both. I soon found out there was another reason my grandparents were so happy — their new audiologist (听觉病矫治专家), Anna. Unlike the 138 providers they’d been dealing with, Anna gave time and attention. Anna not only 139 the new hearing aid worked as it should, but also offered to go to my grandparents’ apartment to show them how to use it. Such 140 might sound rare, but I’ve since started wondering: What if it’s more common than we think? It started with some research that showed people often underestimate (低估) the 141 of strangers to engage with, or even befriend them. Then I came across a study that 142 news coverage of current affairs tends to be negative because humans tend to give negative events more attention. 143 stories can attract our attention and prepare us for disappointment. But if we don’t engage with positive ones, they might lead us to be more critical of the world, more defensive and less 144 than we need to be. So I think sometimes what we hear, see, or even know might not be the whole picture. The truth might be 145 from us, requiring us to notice and discover it. We could start by asking ourselves whether we are 146 more on negative or positive stories. Maybe even paying more attention to good news or 147 good news will help. Anna’s attitude was remarkable. She 148 the call of duty and, upon leaving, 149 to accept anything but words as thanks. Why not 150 ourselves that behind the bad scenes lie untold stories of extraordinary good? 136．A．test B．repair C．admire D．purchase 137．A．frightened B．shocked C．thrilled D．annoyed 138．A．familiar B．enthusiastic C．similar D．previous 139．A．made B．ensured C．expected D．proposed 140．A．kindness B．generosity C．bravery D．intelligence 141．A．refusal B．willingness C．impression D．confusion 142．A．recognized B．protested C．guaranteed D．suggested 143．A．Positive B．Active C．Negative D．Controversial 144．A．hopeful B．aggressive C．violent D．doubtful 145．A．recycled B．hidden C．revealed D．adapted 146．A．calling B．influencing C．concentrating D．waiting 147．A．hiding B．assessing C．proposing D．sharing 148．A．went beyond B．gave up C．went through D．gave away 149．A．embraced B．resisted C．agreed D．refused 150．A．challenge B．inform C．remind D．advise 参考答案 1 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．C 11．A 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和伙伴们偷树莓，但是唯独作者被抓到，并受到了惩罚由此引起作者对生活的感悟。 1．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们正津津有味地吃着美味的浆果，突然乔丹先生冲了出来。A. before在……之前；B. while当……时候 ，正在那时；C. when当……时候；D. after在……之后。be doing sth when…“正在做某事正在那时”为固定句型。故选C项。 2．考查介词词义辨析。句意：“你们在外面干什么？”我的朋友们朝四面八方跑去时，他喊道。A. towards向；B. in在……里；C. at在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置、空间）；D. from来自。根据下文“He attempted to catch one or two”可知，作者的朋友们朝四面八方跑去。in all directions“四面八方”。故选B项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当它们从他身边冲过时，他试图抓住其中一两个，但他们跑得太快了，老先生没能抓住。A. smart聪明的；B. foxy狡猾的；C. swift敏捷的；D. intelligent聪明的。根据下文“Within seconds, the boys ___4___ into the dark of the summer night”可知，他们跑得太快了。故选C项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几秒钟后，男孩们消失在夏夜的黑暗中。A. hid隐藏；B. marched前进；C. hurried匆匆；D. disappeared消失。根据上文“but they were too ___3___ for the older gentleman to catch”可知，男孩们消失在夏夜的黑暗中。故选D项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，速度从来都不是我的强项。A. strength力气，优势；B. power力量；C. intention 意图；D. option选择。根据上文“All except me”可知，速度从来都不是作者的强项。故选A项。 6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我挨了乔丹先生的一顿臭骂，他带着我穿过街区回到了我的家，母亲接过了我的手，愤怒地骂了我一顿。A. cruelly残忍地；B. bitterly愤怒地，痛苦地；C. mercilessly残忍地；D. pitifully可怜地。根据上文“I took the tongue-lashing (痛骂)”可知，作者挨了乔丹先生的一顿臭骂，妈妈也愤怒地骂了作者。故选B项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友们说，他们能在我们后院的黑暗中听到她说的每一个精彩的词，他们聚集在那里庆祝他们的逃脱，并观看我被抓住。A. negotiate协商；B. celebrate庆祝；C. plot密谋；D. congratulate祝贺。根据上文“where they had gathered”以及下文“to observe my capture”可知，所有的朋友头逃跑了，所以他们聚集在那里庆祝他们的逃脱。故选B项。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来他们拿这件事取笑了我好几天，而我能做的就是抱怨这是多么不公平，我是唯一一个要为此付出代价的人。A. asked问；B. comforted安慰；C. teased取笑；D. challenged挑战。根据上文“where they had gathered to  ____7____  their escape and to observe my capture.”可知，他们是在拿这件事取笑作者。故选C项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上题。A. unhappy不快乐的；B. frustrating令人沮丧的； C. disappointing令人失望的；D. unfair不公平的。根据下文“I was the only one who had to pay the price”可知，作者能做的就是抱怨这是多么不公平。故选D项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：爸爸说:“你没问就拿了树莓，你得到了你应得的惩罚。”A. thinking思考；B. warning警告；C. asking问； D. informing告知。根据上文“my friends and I stole into the Jordans’ backyard”可知，作者是偷了树莓，所以没问就拿了树莓。故选C项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你无法控制发生在别人身上的事。A. control控制；B. predict预测；C. accept 接受；D. explain解释。根据常识以及只有作者被惩罚而其他人逃脱了可知，你无法控制发生在别人身上的事。故选A项。 12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：你只能处理发生在你身上的事情。A. put up with忍受；B. get away with侥幸成功；C. agree with同意；D. deal with处理。根据上文“you get exactly the punishment you deserved.”可知，你只能处理发生在你身上的事情。故选D项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几年里，我逐渐意识到生活不一定会保证公平对待我们。A. reason理由；B. guarantee保证；C. chance机会；D. doubt怀疑。根据下文“that life will treat us fairly. That’s why we can’t ____14____ comparing our lives with the lives of others.”可知，生活不一定会保证公平对待每个人。故选B项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么我们不能执着于把自己的生活和别人的生活进行比较。A. get stuck in下定决心做；B. get engaged in参与；C. be interested in对……感兴趣；D. be buried in专心于。根据上文“After about a week of this, I complained to my father about the inequality of the situation. Dad said, “You took raspberries without ___10___ , and you get exactly the punishment you deserved.” “But what about the other guys?” I asked. “They didn’t get punished at all!”以及作者的感悟可知，作者感悟到不能执着于把自己的生活和别人的生活进行比较。故选A项。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像爸爸说的，那不是我们关心的事。A. problem问题；B. complaint抱怨；C. concern关心；D. choice选择。根据上文“That’s not my concern nor should it be yours”可知，就像爸爸说的，那不是我们关心的事。故选C项。 2 16．B 17．C 18．A 19．D 20．B 21．D 22．A 23．A 24．D 25．C 26．C 27．D 28．A 29．C 30．B 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者含冤入狱，出狱后努力工作，在曾经狱友的公司里帮助有入狱前科的人的故事。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年以后，我因藏毒品而被捕。A. fired开除；B. arrested逮捕；C. rejected拒绝；D. blamed责备。根据后文“I was sent to prison”可知因为藏毒被逮捕了。故选B。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从未接触过毒品，但没有人相信我，因为我流浪的生活方式无法捍卫我的清白——我被送进了监狱。A. dignity尊严；B. ambition抱负；C. innocence无辜；D. identity身份。根据上文“I’d never touched drugs, but nobody believed me”可知作者是无辜的，但没人能证明。故选C。 18．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不会让我被不公平地囚禁的事实打败我；所以为了让自己忙碌，我自愿做额外的工作。A. unjustly不公地；B. indirectly间接地；C. leisurely悠闲地；D. readily准备好地。结合上文可知作者是含冤入狱的，即不公平。故选A。 19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不会让我被不公平地囚禁的事实打败我；所以为了让自己忙碌，我自愿做额外的工作。A. comfortable自在的；B. satisfied满足的；C. humble谦虚的；D. occupied忙碌的。根据后文“I volunteered for extra work”自愿做额外的工作是为了让自己忙碌起来。故选D。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在赫伯特被释放之前，他让我在他的大公司工作。A. sentenced判刑；B. released释放；C. punished惩罚；D. rescued营救。赫伯特是被释放前承诺作者的，故选B。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从未想过命运会向我微笑！A. duty义务；B. freedom自由；C. courage勇气；D. fortune命运，运气。作者有工作了，所以是时来运转，命运对他微笑了。故选D。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：赫伯特的信任深深打动了我，我决定有一天我也要用这种方式帮助其他有前科的人。A. trust信任；B. honesty诚实；C. praise赞美；D. forgiveness原谅。赫伯特让作者在自己的公司工作，信任作者。故选A。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：句意:出狱后，我去了赫伯特的公司，通过努力工作，我很快就得到了提升。A. promoted提高,晋升；B. convinced相信；C. informed通知；D. educated教育。根据后文“rapidly through hard work”指通过努力工作得到晋升。故选A。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我在就业中有了发言权时，我开始履行我对自己做出的承诺。A. choice选择；B. judgment判断；C. direction方向；D. voice声音。上文提到作者得到了晋升，即有了发言权。故选D。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我在就业中有了发言权时，我开始履行我对自己做出的承诺。A. task任务；B. function功能；C. promise承诺；D. explanation解释。根据上文“someday I'd help other ex-prisoners this way.”指履行之前的诺言。故选C。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，我们为300多名有前科的人提供了体面的工作。A. challenging挑战性的；B. first-rate一流的；C. decent体面的；D. temporary暂时的。根据后文“We believe in them, regardless of their past.(我们相信他们，不管他们的过去)”指为300多名有前科的人提供了体面的工作。故选C。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们知道，监狱会标记一个人。A. limits限制；B. transforms转变；C. disciplines纪律；D. marks标记。根据后文提到带着罪犯的标签，可知，监狱会标记一个人。故选D。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他走到哪里都带着“囚犯”的标签。A. label标签；B. attitude态度；C. signal信号；D. manner礼貌。根据后文“of “prisoner” wherever he goes”指走到哪里都带着“囚犯”的标签。故选A。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他来说唯一的出路可能是重新犯罪。A. advice建议；B. position位置；C. route路途；D. reward奖励。根据上文“Nobody trusts or wants him.(没有人信任或需要他)”可知，有前科的人唯一的出路可能是重新犯罪。故选C。 30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很高兴我与他们中的一些人进行了接触，激发了他们对新生活的热情。A. caught up with赶上；B. reached out to联系；C. kept away from远离；D. got ahead of提前。根据后文“some of them and inspired their passion for a new life”指接触了有前科的人，激发了他们对新生活的热情。故选B。 3 31．C 32．B 33．D 34．A 35．D 36．A 37．C 38．B 39．A 40．D 41．C 42．B 43．A 44．D 45．B 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述作者在一次双人跳伞中，由于降落伞故障导致作者和同伴从高空坠落，给作者身心造成了严重伤害，但得知同伴康复后继续跳伞，作者最终明白了要无所畏惧，珍惜生活的每一天。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望我的降落伞能打开。A. flies飞；B. breaks坏掉；C. opens打开；D. folds折叠。根据后文“I felt a parachute open.”的提示可知，此处指降落伞能打开。故选C。 32．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当Bill和我走出去开始自由落体时，我感到前所未有的兴奋。A. dropped out退出；B. stepped out走出去；C. climbed out爬出；D. rolled out展开。根据前文的“Standing on the edge of the plane”可知，作者与Bill站在机舱边缘，走出去之后开始自由落体。故选B。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人告诉我，这会让我们减速，顺利降落。A. blow吹；B. rise上升；C. turn弯道；D. fall下落。根据前文可知，作者在进行跳伞活动，结合常识可知，降落伞可以使下降速度减缓。且上文的“started our free fall”也是提示。故选D。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但为什么我们还行进得这么快？A. traveling行进；B. riding骑；C. skipping跳；D. escaping逃跑。根据前文可知，作者感觉到降落伞打开了，速度应该减下来了，句中的But转折说明速度没减，依然下落的很快。故选A。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能听到Bill骂骂咧咧的在试图修复出了问题的东西。A. evaluate评估；B. define定义；C. ignore忽视；D. fix修理。根据后文“whatever had gone wrong”可知，有什么东西出问题了，Bill在尝试修复。故选D。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，我们的紧急降落伞意外地被什么东西卡住了。A. caught拦住；截住；B. burnt烧毁；C. charged收费；D. controlled控制。根据前文“Worse still” 可推知，备用的紧急降落伞也不能正常使用，打不开，卡住了。故选A。 37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那一刻，我感到非常愧疚，我邀请家人来却没能让他们观看到我精彩的表演，反而让他们经历悲痛。A. relieved释然的；B. curious好奇的；C. guilty内疚的；D. stressed有压力的。根据前文可知，作者的降落伞无法打开，面临坠地的危险，想到家人受邀而来，将亲眼目睹这样的悲剧，作者感到愧疚。故选C。 38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们撞到了地上。A. occupied占领；B. hit碰撞；C. attacked攻击；D. swept清扫。根据前文降落伞无法打开，下落速度没有减下来可知，作者他们撞到了地面上。故选B。 39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我感到虚弱无力，疲惫不堪，于是集中了全部力气，转头看向Bill。A. strength力气；B. faith信念；C. spirits精神；D. thoughts想法。根据本句可知，作者摔下来后，虚弱无力，因此集中全部力气看向同伴。故选A。 40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从脖子往下，我几乎动弹不得。A. scream尖叫；B. whisper低语；C. breathe呼吸；D. move移动。根据下文“After years of treatment, the deep physical and mental pain ”可知，作者身体和精神都受到损害，由此推知脖子以下的身体不能“移动”。故选D。 41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们被抬到从医院来的救护车时，我母亲忍不住哭了起来。A. taxi出租车；B. coach教练；C. ambulance救护车；D. bus公交车。根据“from the hospital”可知，作者被抬到就救护车上。故选C。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的治疗，强烈的身体和精神痛苦正在治愈。A. returning返回；B. healing治愈；C. beginning开始；D. worsening加重。根据“years of treatment”可知，作者接受了多年的治疗，在慢慢康复。故选B。 43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我听说Bill完全康复了并重拾跳伞运动。A. recovery康复；B. list清单；C. impact影响； D. fortune运气。根据“returned to skydiving”可知，Bill能够重拾跳伞运动，说明他完全康复了。故选A。 44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在我明白了我需要无所畏惧。A. hopeless绝望的；B. aimless无目标的；C. selfless无私的；D. fearless无畏的。根据前后文可知，作者做事会畏手畏脚，但经历过这次意外后，作者认识到他应该无所畏惧，因为再没有什么事情能比得过从15000英尺高空坠下来还奇迹存活下来的了。故选D。 45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它促使我珍惜每一天！A. spend度过；B. value珍视；C. recall回想起；D. imagine想象。作者从高空坠落而奇迹生还的经历，使他无比珍视生命，珍惜每一天。故选B。 4 46．B 47．C 48．D 49．A 50．C 51．A 52．D 53．B 54．D 55．C 56．B 57．A 58．B 59．D 60．A 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了Jennifer Williams捐赠图书的故事。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名图书管理员，她每天给她的三个孩子读书。A. showed展示；B. read读；C. lied说谎；D. responded回应。根据上一句中的“books”和下一句中的“reading”可知，此处表示“读书”。故选B。 47．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当现年54岁的Williams成为弗吉尼亚州丹维尔市的一名小学教师时，她希望她的学生像她一样热爱阅读。A. catch up赶上；B. come up突然发生；C. fall in love爱上；D. get along相处。 根据句意可知，此处表达的意思与第一句中“interested in books”的意思相近，短语fall in love表示 “爱上”。故选C。 48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在早些时候，她就意识到有些孩子接触书籍的机会有限。A. ability能力；B. accuracy准确；C. account账户；D. access机会。 短语have access to表示“有机会得到”，根据本句中的but可知，本句与上一句所表述的“她希望她的学生爱上阅读”存在转折关系，因此可知一些学生能阅读的机会很有限。故选D。 49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对Williams来说，解决办法很简单：给孩子们书。A. solution解决方法；B. deal交易；C. promise承诺；D. key关键。 根据前文可知，她意识到了学生没有书读的问题，因而想到了“给孩子们书”这个方法来解决问题。故选A。 50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2017年，作为Engage Dan ville城市活动的一份子，她在三天内捐赠了900本二手儿童书籍。A. covered覆盖；B. bought购买；C. donated捐赠；D. delivered交付。根据后文中的提示“Give away(赠送)”可知，此处表示“捐赠”。故选C。 51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数人都会对此感到满意。A. satisfied满意的；B. strict严格的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. honest诚实的。 根据前文可知，她在三天内捐赠了900本书，大部分人都会对此行动感动满意的。故选A。 52．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，她为自己设定了一个新的目标，大大提高了这个数字：赠送一百万本书。A. considerately体贴地；B. slightly轻微地；C. simply简单地； D. considerably相当多地。根据“one million books”与上文中“900 used children’s books”的数量比较可知，捐书的目标数量被她大大地提高了。故选D。 53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是不能达到的数字。A. unbearable难以忍受的；B. unreachable无法达到的；C. unlucky不幸的；D. undefined未限定的。根据前文中的“one million”可知，这个数字太庞大，听起来遥不可及。故选B。 54．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，她开始行动，首先是通过拉拢朋友捐书或捐钱买书。A. Consequently所以；B. Still仍然；C. Otherwise否则；D. However然而。根据上下文可知，虽然数目很大，但是她还是开始行动起来，因此此处表示转折，应填However。故选D。 55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不久，随着Williams所做项目消息的传开，陌生人开始把一捆捆书放在她家的前廊。A. information信息；B. disease疾病；C. news消息；D. rumor谣传。 根据本句中的“spread”可知，此处表示“消息”传播开了。故选C。 56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些书一到，Williams就把它们免费送给当地的学校，还向北卡罗来纳州边境附近城市的41000个小型免费图书馆提供书籍。A. tax税款；B. charge费用；C. damage损坏；D. interest利息。 根据上文中的“give away”可知，她要无偿捐赠书本，短语free of charge表示“免费”。故选B。 57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些书一到，Williams就把它们免费送给当地的学校，还向北卡罗来纳州边境附近城市的41000个小型免费图书馆提供书籍。 A. supplies提供；B. introduces介绍；C. attaches附上；D. accompanies陪伴。根据本句的句子结构可知，此处与gives是并列关系，由“to little free libraries”可知“提供”符合句意。故选A。 58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还为当地监狱的囚犯主办了一个图书俱乐部。A. cancels取消；B. hosts主办；C. describes描述；D. designs设计。根据本句中的“a book club”可知，Williams给当地监狱的犯人主办了图书俱乐部。故选B。 59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她做这一切的四年时间里，这位图书女士，Williams就是这样被人们所熟知的，已经送出了78000多本书，而距离达到她的目标，还有922000本。A. judgement判断；B. conclusion结论；C. level水平；D. goal目标。 根据句中的数字可知，她的捐书量还差922000才能达到她定的100万本的目标。故选D。 60．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对没有太多选择的孩子来说太重要了。A. important重要的；B. interesting有趣的；C. impractical不现实的；D. individual单独的。根据前后文可知，虽然距离设定的目标还差很多很多，但Williams并没有懈怠，因为她知道阅读有很多好处，对于没有太多选择的孩子来说，这项活动非常重要。故选A。 5 61．D 62．C 63．B 64．C 65．C 66．A 67．D 68．D 69．A 70．B 71．C 72．A 73．B 74．C 75．B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕“生产力畸形”这一概念展开，批判过度追求工作效率、忽视休息与生活的社会心态。 61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然这不是一个科学术语，但它是描述一种感觉的有用方式，即未能认可自己的成就，并且即使在完全筋疲力尽时仍想继续做更多事情。A. hesitating犹豫；B. learning学习；C. agreeing同意；D. failing未能。根据下文“wanting to continue doing more, even when you’re completely drained”可知，此处指未能认可自己的成就从而想继续做更多的事情，fail to do sth. ，表示“未能做某事”，符合语境。故选D项。 62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是对生产力的追求，促使你做更多事情，同时剥夺了你享受沿途任何成功的能力。A. assuring确保；B. convincing使信服；C. robbing剥夺；D. accusing指责。根据上文“the pursuit of productivity that motivates you to do more”以及下文“the ability to enjoy any success along the way”的对比可知，这里指过度追求生产力会剥夺享受成功的能力，rob sb. of sth. ，表“抢劫某人某物”，为固定搭配，符合语境。故选C项。 63．考查副词词义辨析。句意：生产力畸形可能表现为周末额外工作，因为你认为自己应该做更多，尽管你在整个星期已经完成了超过自己份额的工作。A. alone独自；B. extra额外；C. later后来；D. reluctantly不情愿地。根据下文“even though you did more than your share of work throughout the week”可知，此处指做完分内的工作还要周末额外工作。故选B项。 64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它可能表现为看电影或和朋友出去玩时感到羞愧，因为感觉你在浪费本可以用来工作的时间。A. finding找到；B. investing投资；C. wasting浪费；D. saving节省。根据上文“feeling ashamed of yourself when watching a movie or hanging out with friends”可知，这种心态认为休闲是浪费时间。故选C项。 65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：高度竞争、以工作为导向的文化使这种对生产力的持续追求正常化，从而影响生活的其他领域。A. discourage阻止；B. evolve进化；C. normalize使正常化；D. criticize批评。根据下文“you’re often praised for putting productivity above your well-being”可知，这种文化让过度追求生产力变得正常化。故选C项。 66．考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，你常常因将生产力置于幸福之上而受到赞扬。A. In fact事实上；B. In other words换句话说；C. On the contrary相反；D. By comparison相比之下。分析句子可知，此处是对前一句“Highly competitive, work-oriented cultures normalize this constant pursuit”的进一步强调，用“事实上”符合语境。故选A项。 67．考查副词词义辨析。句意：类似地，公司更喜欢那些完成最多工作且休息最少的员工。A. Reversely相反地；B. Consequently因此；C. Alternatively或者；D. Similarly类似地。根据上文“schools rewarded perfect attendance”以及语境可知，前文提到“学校奖励全勤”，此处“公司偏好工作最多的员工”是类似的情况，用Similarly表示类比。故选D项。 68．考查名词词义辨析。句意：像这样的奖励强调休息是不好的，持续工作是正确的事情。A. Shares分享；B. Breaks休息；C. Habits习惯；D. Rewards奖励。根据上文“schools rewarded perfect attendance”和“companies prefer employees who get the maximum work done”可知，此处指学校和公司的奖励机制。故选D项。 69．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种心态有时被称为“内化资本主义”，它迫使人们即使在身心崩溃时也强迫自己工作。A. internalized内化的；B. rejected拒绝的；C. civilized文明的；D. classified分类的。根据下文“the social pressure to find self-worth in work achievements”可知，这里指这种将工作价值内化的心态被称为“内化资本主义”。故选A项。 70．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种心态有时被称为“内化资本主义”，它迫使人们即使在身心崩溃时也强迫自己工作。A. standing out突出；B. breaking down崩溃；C. catching up赶上；D. showing off炫耀。根据上文“force their minds and bodies to work even though”可知，此处指即使身心崩溃也继续工作。故选B项。 71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：问题不在于老板让他们这样做，而是在工作成就中寻找自我价值的社会压力鼓励人们将空闲时间用于额外工作，不参加家庭晚餐去电脑前吃饭，并在假期携带工作设备以便在飞机上完成项目。A. take拿走；B. enjoy享受；C. skip跳过，不参加；D. extend延长。根据上文“dedicate their free time to extra work”可知，此处指过度忙于工作从而不参加家庭晚餐。故选C项。 72．考查介词短语辨析。句意：享受工作、大量工作和感觉被迫工作之间是有区别的，不管你是否喜欢。A. irrespective of不管；B. associated with与……相关；C. as a result of由于；D. in spite of尽管。根据上文“feeling compelled to work”可知，此处指不管是否喜欢都被迫工作。故选A项。 73．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：像“如果你做你喜欢的事，一生中就不会觉得在工作”这样的流行名言，可能会在假设如果你对某件事充满热情，就永远不会累的情况下，让过度工作正常化。A. particular特别的；B. passionate热情的；C. pessimistic悲观的；D. curious好奇的。根据上文“if you do what you love”可知，此处指对某事 “充满热情”，与前文“做你所爱的”对应。故选B项。 74．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些作家甚至开始将休息描述为富有成效的，好像如果休息不能以某种方式提高表现，人们就应该停止放松。A. essential必要的；B. desirable可取的；C. productive富有成效的；D. imaginary想象的。根据下文“as if people should stop relaxing if it doesn’t improve performance”可知，这种错误观念将休息视为“有成效的”（即如果工作“没有成效”就不该休息）。故选C项。 75．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最糟糕的是？当你达到这些目标时，没有成就感。A. humor幽默；B. fulfillment满足，成就感；C. timing时机；D. justice正义。根据上文“there’s no sense of”以及“when you reach these goals”可知，这里指过度追求工作目标会导致达成后缺乏成就感。故选B项。 6 76．C 77．B 78．D 79．A 80．C 81．B 82．D 83．A 84．B 85．B 86．C 87．A 88．D 89．C 90．D 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章通过分析地中海饮食的优势、当前饮食模式的问题（如肥胖、浪费、环境影响等），论证了向可持续饮食模式转变的必要性，并提出政府、企业和个人的应对措施。 76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的餐食以新鲜蔬菜、水果为特色，在我们青少年时期，还有一杯红酒。A. offered提供；B. matched匹配；C. featured以……为特色；D. listed列出。根据下文“fresh vegetables, fruits, and, in our teenage years, a glass of red wine”可知，此处描述餐食的组成特点，“以……为特色”符合语境。故选C项。 77．考查名词所有格辨析。句意：这种植根于几个世纪文化遗产的传统地中海饮食让我保持健康，也被证明对地球的福祉有益。A. cook’s厨师的；B. planet’s地球的；C. nation’s国家的；D. teenager’s青少年的。根据下文“one-third of all food produced is wasted”和“Livestock farming alone consumes two-thirds of agricultural land and accounts for half of agriculture-related greenhouse gas emissions”中提及食物浪费、畜牧业对环境的影响可知，这里指地中海饮食不仅有益健康，也有利于地球。故选B项。 78．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，令人惊讶的是，意大利人正在远离这种健康的生活方式。A. taking up开始从事；B. sticking to坚持；C. switching to转向；D. moving away from远离。根据下文“Fast food consumption is rising”可知，意大利人逐渐放弃传统饮食改为快餐，远离健康生活方式。故选D项。 79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：越来越少的家庭一起坐下来用餐。A. meals餐食；B. rules规则；C. gossip闲聊；D. entertainment娱乐。根据上文“mealtimes were treasured family moments”以及Yet表转折可知，表示以前和现在情况的对比，指家庭聚餐减少。故选A项。 80．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个问题超越意大利，成为一场全球危机。A. European欧洲的；B. Asian亚洲的；C. global全球的；D. regional地区的。根据上文“extends beyond Italy”及下文“hunger is rising globally”可知，这里指问题已演变为全球性危机。故选C项。 81．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：营养不良是一个矛盾的问题：全球饥饿人数上升（8.21 亿人营养不良），同时有 20 亿人超重。A. social社会的；B. contradictory矛盾的；C. medical医学的；D. unlimited无限的。根据上文“with 821 million people undernourished”和“two billion people are overweight”可知，这里表示“全球饥饿营养不良”与“超重”并存，体现了矛盾性。故选B项。 82．考查副词词义辨析。句意：令人震惊的是，全球生产的食物中有三分之一被浪费。A. Necessarily必然地；B. Meaningfully有意义地；C. Morally道德上地；D. Shockingly令人震惊地。根据下文“one-third of all food produced is wasted”以及语境可知，三分之一食物被浪费是令人震惊的事实。故选D项。 83．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果不立即改变，这种循环将恶化。A. worsen恶化；B. stabilize稳定；C. swing摇摆；D. restore恢复。根据上文“Without immediate changes”及后文人口增长对食物的需求可知，这里指如果现状不改变，问题会恶化。故选A项。 84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到2050年，全球人口预计将增长23亿。A. decline下降；B. grow增长；C. double翻倍；D. reach达到。根据下文“intensifying the demand for meat”以及语境可知，这里指人口增长导致需求增加。故选B项。 85．考查动词短语辨析。句意：自20世纪中叶以来，食品体系优先考虑数量而非质量，导致大量食物浪费。A. ranked as列为；B. contributing to导致；C. reserved for保留；D. resulting from由……引起。根据上文“prioritized quantity over quality”和下文“vast food waste”可知，这里指“重数量轻质量”是原因，“食物浪费”是结果，“导致”符合因果关系。故选B项。 86．考查动词词义辨析。句意：实现这些目标需要政府支持可持续农业实践，减少食物浪费，并确保健康食品既可获得又负担得起。A. Defining定义；B. Setting设定；C. Achieving实现；D. Assessing评估。根据下文“requires governments to support”以及语境可知，这里指实现这些目标需要政府的支持。故选C项。 87．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对不健康食品征税是不够的；水果和蔬菜必须让农民有利可图，让消费者买得起。A. affordable负担得起的；B. delicious美味的；C. edible可食用的；D. luxurious奢侈的。根据上文“profitable for farmers”以及语境可知，这里与“让农民有利可图”对应，消费者角度需“负担得起”。故选A项。 88．考查动词短语辨析。句意：企业也必须行动起来。A. leave out遗漏；B. fade away逐渐消失；C. melt down熔化；D. step up挺身而出，采取行动。根据下文“At Barilla, we work with farmers”可知，这里指企业需行动起来承担责任。故选D项。 89．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，可持续发展必须是令人愉悦的，而非惩罚性的。A. Consequently因此；B. However然而；C. Moreover此外；D. Initially最初。根据下文“sustainability must be joyful, not punitive”以及语境可知，此处补充说明可持续发展的另一维度，与前文形成递进关系，“此外”符合逻辑。故选C项。 90．考查动词词义辨析。句意：地中海饮食提醒我们优先选择蔬菜、水果和全谷物，减少肉类消费，一起享受美食。A. escape逃避；B. forecast预测；C. conserve保护；D. prioritize优先考虑。根据下文“reduce meat consumption”以及语境可知，这里指应优先选择健康食材并减少肉类消费。故选D项。 7 91．D 92．B 93．A 94．A 95．C 96．D 97．B 98．A 99．C 100．D 101．B 102．D 103．C 104．A 105．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球语言正以每40天消失一种的速度消亡，但通过记录、数字化传播和社群努力，如尼日利亚的伊博语拯救行动，濒危语言正获得一线生机。 91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：父母不再对孩子说这些语言，词汇被遗忘，社群逐渐丧失读写自己字母表的能力。A. truth真相；B. mind头脑；C. thoughts想法；D. scripts字母表。根据上文“Parents stop speaking them to their children, words are forgotten”可知，此处描述一种语言逐渐消失的情况，指社群逐渐丧失读写自己字母表的能力。故选D。 92．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：联合国文化机构教科文组织表示，预测到本世纪末全球半数语言将消亡的观点可能还过于乐观。A. confident自信的；B. optimistic乐观的；C. correct正确的；D. accurate准确的。根据下文“from one every three months a decade ago to one every 40 days in 2019 — meaning nine languages die a year”可知，语言消失的速度在加快，因此是指这种观点可能还过于乐观。故选B。 93．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些语言正随最后的说话者一同逝去。A. speakers说话者；B. courses课程；C. barriers障碍；D. studies研究。根据上文“Some are disappearing”可知，语言会因为说话者的消失而灭绝。故选A。 94．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：数以千计的语言濒危，因为它们未被广泛使用，或未进入学校、职场等正式场合。A. endangered濒危的；B. different不同的；C. informal非正式的；D. unofficial非官方的。根据下文“because they are not being spoken widely enough or used in formal settings such as schools or workplaces”可知，这些未被广泛使用，或未进入学校、职场等正式场合，因此是处于濒危的状态。故选A。 95．考查动词词义辨析。句意：消亡的速度正在加快——十年前每三个月消失一种，而2019年每40天就消失一种，相当于每年有九种语言灭绝。A. cut切割；B. changed改变；C. quickening加速；D. dropping下降。根据下文“from one every three months a decade ago to one every 40 days in 2019 — meaning nine languages die a year”可知，十年前每三个月消失一种，而2019年每40天就消失一种，因此是指消亡的速度正在加快。故选C。 96．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在传统被主流文化淹没的社群中，一场无声的反抗正在进行。A. backfire适得其反；B. outbreak爆发；C. offset抵消；D. fightback反击。根据下文“Precious said it was this ____8____ that made her join efforts to save Igbo, a west African language”可知，Precious加入了拯救伊博语的行动中，因此是指一场无声的反抗正在进行。故选D。 97．考查动词短语辨析。句意：看到一种语言消亡每天都让我心痛，因为这不仅是语言的消失，还有与之相关的人民、历史和文化的湮灭。A. cutting off切断；B. dying off消亡；C. levelling off趋于平稳；D. falling off减少。根据上文“in communities that feel their traditions are drowned out”可知，在这些社群中，传统被主流文化淹没，因此是指语言在消亡。故选B。 98．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Precious说正是这种失去感促使她加入拯救伊博语的行动，这是西非的一种语言，曾被预测2024年将灭绝。A. loss失去；B. deal交易；C. identity身份；D. network网络。根据上文“When it is gone, everything linked to it is gone too.”可知，语言的消失伴随着其他与之相关的事物的消失，因此是指这种失去感促使她加入拯救伊博语的行动。故选A。 99．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过维基语言组织帮助其他人保护他们的语言的活动人士表示，关键是要确保单词和含义、书写方式和使用方式都有记录。A. need需求；B. combination组合；C. record记录；D. outcome结果。根据下文“who help others protect their languages through the organisation Wikitongues”可知，这些活动人士帮助其他人保护他们的语言，因此是指确保单词和含义、书写方式和使用方式都有记录。故选C。 100．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：语言活动家青睐在线百科全书，因其能以高效且负担得起的方式上传媒体资料并编纂词典。A. conventional传统的；B. permanent永久的；C. precise精确的；D. affordable负担得起的。根据上文“Online encyclopaedia (百科全书)”可知，在线百科全书是一种高效且负担得起的方式。故选D。 101．考查动词词义辨析。句意：维基语言尤其注重利用维基百科条目等免费集体资源来记录语言。A. analysing分析；B. documenting记录；C. developing发展；D. translating翻译。根据上文“who help others protect their languages through the organisation Wikitongues”可知，维基语言是能帮助其他人保护他们的语言的一个组织，因此是指利用集体资源来记录语言。故选B。 102．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多活动家还制作书籍、视频和录音，供广泛共享。A. admired钦佩；B. expected预期；C. respected尊敬；D. shared共享。根据这是保护濒危语言的情境，以及上文“Many language activists also create books, videos and recordings”可知，这些书籍、视频和录音可以被广泛共享，从而达到保护语言的目的。故选D。 103．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但保存语言后，活动家还面临说服人们使用语言的挑战。A. innovation创新；B. reservation保留；C. preservation保存；D. motivation动机。根据上一段描述的语言活动家致力于用各种方式把语言保存下来可知，此处指保存语言后之后的挑战。故选C。 104．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到，是的，语言可能濒危，但使用它的人也能为其生存而战。A. survival生存；B. right权利；C. country国家；D. independence独立。根据上文“Precious said it was this ____8____ that made her join efforts to save Igbo”可知，Precious加入了拯救伊博语的行动中，因此是指使用它的人为其生存而战。故选A。 105．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为2025年已至，而伊博语显然没有灭绝。A. universal普遍的；B. dominant主导的；C. restored恢复的；D. extinct灭绝的。根据上文“a west African language that was predicted to disappear in 2024”可知，原本伊博语被预测2024年灭绝，因此是指现在它显然没有灭绝。故选D。 8 106．B 107．D 108．A 109．C 110．B 111．D 112．A 113．B 114．C 115．A 116．C 117．D 118．B 119．A 120．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了生活中那些“无所不知”的人，分析了他们这种行为背后的心理原因，包括“天真现实主义”、“信息充足错觉”和“邓宁-克鲁格效应”等认知偏差。 106．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着圣诞节的临近，办公室聚会和家庭聚会的季节也随之而来，你越来越有可能不得不与他们互动，并重新发现他们有多讨厌。A. cooperate合作；B. interact互动；C. compete竞争；D. identify识别。根据上文“We all know someone like it. You probably work with or are even related to one.”可知，这里指生活中会遇到“无所不知”的人，你会与他们互动。故选B。 107．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些人会热情地就任何话题或领域向你发表长篇大论，尽管他们显然对自己谈论的话题几乎没有任何专业知识。A. mislead误导；B. question质疑；C. encourage鼓励；D. lecture说教，发表长篇大论。根据下文“about any topic or area, despite clearly having little to no expert knowledge in what they’re talking about”可知，那些“无所不知”的人尽管对自己谈论的话题几乎没有任何专业知识，却喜欢发表长篇大论。故选D。 108．考查代词词义辨析。句意：而且通常，即使你知道。A. you你；B. some一些；C. many许多；D. they他们。根据上文“Individuals who will enthusiastically 2 you about any topic or area, despite clearly having little to no expert knowledge in what they’re talking about.”可知，即使你知道相关话题或领域，“无所不知”的人也会长篇大论。故选A。 109．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为什么有人会认为自己比其他人都了解所有可能的主题呢？A. realistic现实的；B. practical实际的；C. superior优越的；D. objective客观的。根据下文“One is the phenomenon of ‘naive realism’, which describes how people instinctively assume that their 5 of the world reflects objective reality.”可知，那些“无所不知”的人认为自己比其他人都了解所有可能的主题，有优越感。故选C。 110．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中之一是“天真现实主义”现象，它描述了人们如何本能地认为自己对世界的看法反映了客观现实。A. domination统治；B. perception看法，理解；C. assessment评估；D. exploitation开发，利用。根据下文“of the world reflects objective reality”可知，这里指人们对世界的看法。故选B。 111．考查介词短语辨析。句意：因此，我们经常会遇到从另一个角度看世界的人。A. On the contrary相反；B. In other words换句话说；C. By the way顺便说一下；D. As a result因此。根据上文“What we believe is reality in our heads is often noticeably different from what is reality, but we don’t recognize this happening.”可知，我们认为的现实与实际现实往往大不相同，但我们并没有意识到这一点，因此，我们经常会遇到从另一个角度看世界的人。故选D。 112．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但天真现实主义意味着我们认为那些对世界理解不同的人是错误的。A. wrong错误的；B. normal正常的；C. imaginative富有想象力的；D. unprofessional不专业的。根据上文“But naive realism means we assume that those who understand the world differently”以及常识可知，那些对世界理解不同的人与我们的看法不同，我们认为他们是错误的。故选A。 113．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能是出于好意，但这并没有让它变得不那么烦人。A. controversial有争议的；B. bothersome烦人的；C. manageable可管理的；D. puzzling令人困惑的。根据上文“for a seemingly large number of people, this results in an irresistible urge to ‘correct’ others.”可知，那些“无所不知”的人总是忍不住去“纠正”别人，这很烦人。故选B。 114．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这不能是完整的故事。A. real真实的；B. personal个人的；C. full满的；D. same相同的。根据下文“Many people experience naive realism, yet never do or say anything about it.”可知，很多人都有天真现实主义，但从未对此做过任何事或说过任何话，所以这不可能是完整的故事。故选C。 115．考查动词短语辨析。句意：真正的“无所不知”的人实际上不会等你犯错后再向你发表长篇大论。A. talking down居高临下地说话；B. reaching out伸手；C. turning around转身；D. holding on坚持。根据上文“True know-it-alls don’t actually wait for you to make a mistake”可知，真正的“无所不知”的人实际上不会等你犯错后再向你发表长篇大论，talk down to sb. 表示“对某人居高临下地说话”，符合语境。故选A。 116．考查动词词义辨析。句意：简而言之，这描述了尽管许多人缺乏足够的信息来对某事做出准确的判断，但他们却会假设相反的情况。A. gain获得；B. require需要；C. lack缺乏；D. display展示。根据下文“they’ll assume the opposite”可知，这里指许多人缺乏足够的信息，却假设相反的情况。故选C。 117．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从逻辑上讲，我们很难识别我们不知道的东西。A. understand理解；B. apply应用；C. explain解释；D. recognize识别。根据上文“It’s logically very hard to”以及常识可知，人们因认知局限难以“识别”自身无知，这解释了为何会高估自己。故选D。 118．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后是邓宁-克鲁格效应：一种认知偏差，即人们在某一领域能力有限时，往往会高估自己的能力。A. distrust不信任；B. overestimate高估；C. redefine重新定义；D. misuse滥用。根据下文“Their lack of smart thinking means they struggle to acknowledge when someone else knows more than them, meaning they dare to argue with those who are better informed.”可知，邓宁-克鲁格效应指的是人们在某一领域能力有限时，往往会高估自己的能力。故选B。 119．考查名词词义辨析。句意：而且因为人们通常更看重信心而不是准确性，所以他们经常能侥幸逃脱。A. confidence信心；B. status地位；C. fluency流利；D. quantity数量。根据上文“they dare to argue with those who are better informed.”以及下文“they often get away with it”可知，他们经常能侥幸逃脱，是因为人们通常更看重信心而不是准确性。故选A。 120．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这种情况经常发生，涉及足够多的主题，他们可能会说服自己，他们几乎在所有事情上都是专家，尽管事实并非如此。A. advocates倡导者；B. innovators创新者；C. experts专家；D. optimists乐观主义者。根据上文“If this happens often enough, across enough subjects”以及常识可知，如果这种情况经常发生，涉及足够多的主题，那些“无所不知”的人可能会说服自己，他们几乎在所有事情上都是专家。故选C。 9 121．C 122．D 123．A 124．B 125．C 126．B 127．C 128．B 129．A 130．D 131．C 132．A 133．B 134．D 135．C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过描述自己在美国办理业务时遭遇客服电话长时间等待的糟糕体验，进而探讨中美就业情况差异，并引用经济学家观点指出新兴经济体增长是美国经济问题解决方案的一部分而非原因，反驳了关于美国与发展中国家贸易对美国有负面影响的流行理论。 121．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这既耗时又令人痛苦。A. enjoyable令人愉快的；B. essential基本的，必要的；C. painful痛苦的；D. dull枯燥的。根据后文“Each time I called, I was greeted by an automatic answering system that tried to navigate me to a solution.”描述打电话联系客服时遭遇自动应答系统，可知这个过程是令人痛苦的。故选C项。 122．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当自动应答系统不起作用时，我就按下按钮找客服代表。A. stopped停止；B. continued继续；C. improved提高，改善；D. failed失败，不起作用。根据后文“I hit the button for a customer service representative”可知，自动应答系统没能解决问题，即不起作用，所以作者才按下按钮找客服代表。故选D项。 123．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我被告知，所有的客服代表目前都很忙，有一次预计等待时间是18分钟，另一次是32分钟。A. busy忙碌的；B. angry生气的；C. tired疲倦的；D. away离开的。根据后文“the estimated waiting time was 18 minutes in one case and 32 minutes in another”可知，等待时间长，说明客服代表都在忙。故选A项。 124．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一次，电话在等了将近15分钟后，伴随着服务促销广告和另一端单调的音乐，不小心被挂断了，我陷入了绝望。A. sold out卖完；B. cut off切断，挂断；C. taken away拿走；D. broken into闯入。根据后文“I sank into despair”可知，电话被挂断了，作者陷入绝望。故选B项。 125．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，我确实想念中国的银行和公用事业公司，在那里客服代表似乎总是随时都能提供服务。A. hate讨厌；B. understand理解；C. miss想念；D. forget忘记。根据前文“I sank into despair once when the phone was  __4__  accidentally after it had waited for nearly 15 minutes accompanied by service promotion ads and monotonous music from the other end.”可知，在美国办理业务时遭遇客服电话长时间等待的糟糕体验后，作者此时想念在中国联系客服时客服代表随时能提供服务的情况。故选C项。 126．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，我确实想念中国的银行和公用事业公司，在那里客服代表似乎总是随时都能提供服务。A. permanently永久地；B. readily容易地，随时地；C. temporarily暂时地；D. financially经济上地。根据前文“I sank into despair once when the phone was  __4__  accidentally after it had waited for nearly 15 minutes accompanied by service promotion ads and monotonous music from the other end.”可知，作者在美国联系客服时遭遇客服电话长时间等待的糟糕体验后，作者想念在中国的服务，说明中国的客服代表随时能提供服务。故选B项。 127．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不知道有多少人喜欢和机器说话。A. customer顾客；B. representative代表；C. machine机器；D. politician政治家。根据前文“Each time I called, I was greeted by an automatic answering system”可知，作者打电话时遇到的是自动应答系统，也就是和机器说话。故选C项。 128．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这是美国可以创造很多就业机会的领域，尤其是在失业率仍然很高的情况下——2月份失业率为7.7%，尽管这是自2008年12月以来的最低水平。A. expectation期望；B. unemployment失业；C. temperature温度；D. estimation估计。根据后文“is still high — 7.7 percent in February”可知，这里说的是失业率仍然很高。故选B项。 129．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这可能解释了为什么2012年中国创造了1266万个城镇就业岗位，而美国只创造了180万个。A. probably可能；B. unconvincingly难以令人信服地；C. traditionally传统上；D. inadequately不充分地。根据前文“But this is an area where lots of jobs can be created in the United States, especially when  __8__  is still high - 7.7 percent in February, though the lowest since December 2008.”可知，在美国失业率高的情况下，这些领域原本可以创造很多就业机会，可是，作者打电话时却是机器接听的。这里作者用“可能”来表达一种推测，即前面提到的美国客服领域就业情况与中国就业情况差异可能解释了中美就业岗位数量的不同。故选A项。 130．考查名词词义辨析。句意：请注意，尽管许多美国政客和普通工人似乎都这么认为，甚至将其作为获取政治资本的借口，但这些中国的工作岗位并没有从美国人手中夺走。A. ability能力；B. objective目标；C. impression印象；D. excuse借口。根据后文“to gain political capital”可知，许多美国政客和普通工人将中美就业情况差异作为获取政治资本的借口。故选D项。 131．考查名词词义辨析。句意：周二，哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院的罗伯特·Z·劳伦斯和开普敦大学的劳伦斯·爱德华兹两位经济学家在华盛顿彼得森国际经济研究所的谈话中阐明了这个问题。A. major专业；B. job工作；C. subject主题，问题；D. service服务。根据前文“China created 12.66 million urban jobs in 2012, the US created only 1.8 million.”可知，提到中美就业情况差异很大，经济学家阐明的是这个问题。故选C项。 132．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在对迄今为止的实证文献进行广泛调查后，更重要的是，他们自己对证据进行了深入分析，他们得出结论，新兴经济体的快速增长是美国经济问题的解决方案的一部分，而不是其原因。A. analyses分析；B. experiments实验；C. plans计划；D. decisions决定。根据前文“carrying out their own in-depth”以及后文“they concluded”可知，经济学家对证据进行了深入分析后得出结论。故选A项。 133．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在对迄今为止的实证文献进行广泛调查后，更重要的是，他们自己对证据进行了深入分析，他们得出结论，新兴经济体的快速增长是美国经济问题的解决方案的一部分，而不是其原因。A. decline下降；B. growth增长；C. disappearance消失；D. discovery发现。根据后文“is part of the solution to the US economic problems rather than their cause”可知，新兴经济体的快速增长是美国经济问题的解决方案的一部分。故选B项。 134．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些结论反驳了关于美国与发展中国家（如中国和印度）贸易对美国负面影响的几种流行理论。A. effects影响，效果；B. instructions说明；C. predictions预测；D. conclusions结论。根据前文“they concluded that ”可知，经济学家得出了结论。故选D项。 135．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些结论反驳了关于美国与发展中国家（如中国和印度）贸易对美国负面影响的几种流行理论。A. great伟大的；B. immediate立即的；C. negative负面的；D. invisible看不见的。根据前文“And mind you, those Chinese jobs weren’t taken from Americans despite the fact that many US politicians and average workers seem to think so, and even use it as an ___10___ to gain political capital.”可知，前文提到美国一些人认为中国的工作岗位从美国人手中夺走，这些经济学家结论反驳这些流行理论，可知这些流行理论是关于美国与发展中国家贸易对美国有负面影响的。故选C项。 10 136．A 137．C 138．D 139．B 140．A 141．B 142．D 143．C 144．A 145．B 146．C 147．D 148．A 149．D 150．C 【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了91岁祖父因新助听器能听清作者声音而激动，引出听觉病矫治专家安娜的善举，进而探讨关注积极故事的重要性。 136．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我 91 岁的祖父打电话给我，让我测试他的新助听器。A. test测试；B. repair修理；C. admire钦佩；D. purchase购买。根据后文“his new hearing aid”和“For the first time in a long time, he could hear my voice.”可知，祖父让作者测试助听器，看是否能听清声音。故选A项。 137．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让我们俩都很激动。A. frightened使害怕；B. shocked使震惊；C. thrilled使激动；D. annoyed使恼怒。根据前文“For the first time in a long time, he could hear my voice.”可知，祖父第一次能听清作者的声音，所以这让他们都很激动。故选C项。 138．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与他们之前打交道的服务提供商不同，安娜付出了时间和精力。A. familiar熟悉的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. similar相似的；D. previous以前的。根据前文“ their new audiologist (听觉病矫治专家), Anna”可知，安娜和是祖父新的听觉病矫治专家，结合“Unlike”和后文“Anna gave time and attention”可推知，安娜和之前的服务提供商不同。故选D项。 139．考查动词词义辨析。句意：安娜不仅确保新助听器能正常工作，还主动提出去我祖父母的公寓，向他们展示如何使用它。A. made制作；B. ensured确保；C. expected期望；D. proposed提议。根据前文“their new audiologist (听觉病矫治专家)”和后文“the new hearing aid worked as it should”可知，安娜作为听觉病矫治专家，要确保助听器正常工作。故选B项。 140．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样的善举听起来可能很罕见，但从那以后，我开始想：如果它比我们想象的更普遍呢？A. kindness善良，善举；B. generosity慷慨；C. bravery勇敢；D. intelligence智力。根据前文“Anna gave time and attention. Anna not only 4 the new hearing aid worked as it should, but also offered to go to my grandparents’ apartment to show them how to use it.”可知，安娜付出时间和精力，确保助听器正常工作并教祖父母使用，这是一种善举。故选A项。 141．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一开始，一些研究表明，人们常常低估陌生人与他们交往甚至成为朋友的意愿。A. refusal拒绝；B. willingness意愿；C. impression印象；D. confusion困惑。根据后文“to engage with, or even befriend them”可知，此处说的是陌生人与他人交往和做朋友的意愿。故选B项。 142．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我偶然发现一项研究表明，时事新闻报道往往是负面的，因为人类往往更关注负面事件。A. recognized认出；B. protested抗议；C. guaranteed保证；D. suggested表明，建议。根据后文“news coverage of current affairs tends to be negative”可知，这是研究表明的内容。故选D项。 143．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：负面故事可以吸引我们的注意力，并让我们为失望做好准备。A. Positive积极的；B. Active活跃的；C. Negative负面的；D. Controversial有争议的。根据前文“news coverage of current affairs tends to be negative”和后文“prepare us for disappointment”可知，这里说的是负面故事。故选C项。 144．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但如果我们不关注积极的故事，它们可能会导致我们对世界更加挑剔，更加防备，也比我们需要的更缺乏希望。A. hopeful有希望的；B. aggressive有攻击性的；C. violent暴力的；D. doubtful怀疑的。根据前文“more critical of the world, more defensive”可推知，不关注积极故事，会让人更缺乏希望。故选A项。 145．考查动词词义辨析。句意：真相可能对我们隐藏着，需要我们去注意和发现它。A. recycled回收利用；B. hidden隐藏；C. revealed揭示；D. adapted适应。根据后文“requiring us to notice and discover it”可知，真相是被隐藏起来的。故选B项。 146．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们可以从问自己是更专注于负面故事还是正面故事开始。A. calling打电话；B. influencing影响；C. concentrating集中；D. waiting等待。根据后文“more on negative or positive stories”和“paying more attention to”可知，作者问自己是否更专注于负面或正面故事。故选C项。 147．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许甚至更多地关注好消息或分享好消息会有帮助。A. hiding隐藏；B. assessing评估；C. proposing提议；D. sharing分享。根据前文“paying more attention to good news”和“even”可知，这里说的是分享好消息，与关注好消息构成递进关系。故选D项。 148．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她超越了职责要求，离开时，除了言语感谢外，拒绝接受任何东西。A. went beyond超越；B. gave up放弃；C. went through经历；D. gave away赠送。根据前文可知安娜与之前的服务提供商不同，她付出了时间和精力，结合后文“the call of duty”可推知，安娜的行为超越了职责要求。故选A项。 149．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她超越了职责要求，离开时，除了言语感谢外，拒绝接受任何东西。A. embraced拥抱；B. resisted抵抗；C. agreed同意；D. refused拒绝。根据后文“to accept anything but words as thanks”可知，安娜拒绝接受除言语感谢之外的东西。故选D项。 150．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么不提醒自己，在糟糕的表象背后，隐藏着不为人知的非凡善举呢？A. challenge挑战；B. inform通知；C. remind提醒；D. advise建议。前文作者讲述了安娜的善举，提醒人们关注积极的故事，结合后文“ourselves that behind the bad scenes lie untold stories of extraordinary good”可知，作者提醒自己关注表象背后不为人知的非凡善举，点明主题。故选C项。 1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题14 完形填空 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 完形填空常考知识点及答题方法简析 高频考点精讲 进阶分级练 高考学考英语完形填空作为综合性语言运用题型，核心考查考生在语篇语境中对词汇、语法、语用知识的灵活运用能力，以及逻辑思维与文化认知水平。该题型要求考生不仅能掌握《普通高中英语课程标准》规定的 3500 个左右核心词汇及相关固定搭配、习惯用法，还需具备根据上下文线索推断词义、理解句间逻辑关系（如因果、转折、让步等）的能力，最终实现对语篇整体意义的准确把握，体现 “语言知识为基、语篇理解为本” 的考查理念。 从能力层级来看，完形填空注重分层考查不同维度的语言素养：基础层面要求考生能识别并运用词性转换、固定短语等基础语言知识，确保语法结构与语义表达的准确性；进阶层面强调语篇逻辑分析能力，需考生通过上下文语境（如情节发展、人物情感变化、作者态度倾向）推断空格处的最佳选项，避免孤立理解单个句子；高阶层面则渗透文化意识考查，选材常涉及中外文化背景、社会生活场景或价值观导向内容，要求考生结合文化常识理解语篇内涵，体现语言学习与文化认知的融合。 在选材与设空设计上，完形填空遵循 “贴近生活、难易适中、注重素养” 的原则。选材多为记叙文、夹叙夹议文（偶见说明文），篇幅控制在 250-300 词左右，文本主题积极向上，兼具教育意义与可读性，如成长感悟、亲情友情、社会热点、文化习俗等；设空分布均匀，避免集中在某一局部段落，且空格多为实词（名词、动词、形容词、副词占比约 80%），虚词（连词、介词等）为辅，既考查词汇辨析与搭配能力，又通过虚词设空检验语篇逻辑衔接能力，确保考查内容全面覆盖语言知识与语用能力，符合高考对 “基础性、综合性、应用性” 的考查要求。 一、词汇理解与辨析类考点 该类考点在高考英语完形填空中占比最高（超 80%），聚焦实词在语境中的精准运用，是考生必须攻克的核心板块。细分来看，其包含近义词区分、形近词辨别和一词多义三种类型： 命题要点 近义词区分：命题人常将语义相近但情感色彩、使用场景、搭配习惯存在细微差异的词汇作为选项，例如 “journey”“trip”“travel”“voyage” 等表示 “旅行” 的词汇，需要考生依据语境精准判断。 形近词辨别：通过拼写相似但词义截然不同的单词制造干扰，如 “adapt（适应）” 与 “adopt（收养；采纳）” ，这类题目着重考查考生的词汇辨析能力与细心程度。 一词多义：选取具有多个释义的高频词，结合上下文设置考点，像 “book” 除了常见的 “书” 的含义，在 “book a ticket” 中意为 “预订” 。考生需突破思维定式，结合具体语境挖掘词汇的深层含义。 1. 近义词区分 在高考英语完形填空中，近义词的辨析是一大难点，它侧重对词性差异或语义侧重的辨别，考生需结合语法功能与语境精准选择。这类题目旨在考查学生对词汇细微差别的理解，以及在实际语境中运用词汇的能力。 【示例分析】 The teachers then ___ my singing skills and asked what role I wanted to play. A. advertised B. tested C. challenged D. polished 解析：从句子所处的 “面试场景” 语境分析，老师们对 “我” 的歌唱技能进行评估，“test”（测试）一词能准确体现这一行为，符合语义逻辑。“advertise”（宣传）通常用于推广产品、服务或理念，与老师评估学生能力的场景不匹配；“challenge”（挑战）强调提出难题或进行对抗性活动，放在此处语义不通；“polish”（打磨）虽有提升、完善的意思，但在该语境下，老师是先判断能力，而非直接进行打磨提升，所以其余选项均不合适。此外，这类近义词辨析题还常涉及动词、形容词等词性，比如 “effective” 和 “efficient”，前者强调有效果，后者侧重有效率，做题时一定要关注词性及语境需求。 2. 形近词辨别 高考英语完形填空中，形近词辨别是容易让考生掉入陷阱的考点。这类题目需要考生时刻保持警惕，因为这些词汇拼写相似，但含义却完全不同，稍不留意就会选错。在复习过程中，考生可以通过制作形近词对比表格的方式，加深对词汇的记忆与区分。 【示例分析】 She had to ___ to the new environment after moving to the city. A. adapt B. adopt C. adept D. adore 解析：“adapt” 是不及物动词，常见搭配 “adapt to”，意为 “适应”，在 “适应新环境” 这一语境中使用恰当。“adopt” 是及物动词，意思是 “收养；采纳”，如 “adopt a child”（收养孩子）、“adopt a plan”（采纳计划），与句子语境不符；“adept” 是形容词，意为 “熟练的、擅长的”，常用 “be adept at/in” 结构，词性和含义都不符合本题要求；“adore” 是及物动词，意为 “爱慕、崇拜”，也无法表达 “适应环境” 的语义，所以后三个选项均因含义不符被排除。考生在遇到形近词题目时，可先从词性入手，再结合词义和语境进行判断。 3. 一词多义 一词多义是高考英语完形填空的高频考点，同一词汇在不同语境中含义差异显著，这就要求考生必须依托上下文进行细致推断。很多时候，考生对某个单词的常见释义非常熟悉，但在特定语境中，该单词会呈现出不常用的含义，这就需要考生灵活运用知识，准确把握词汇在具体语境中的语义。 【示例分析】 We had decided on key items for the ___ we were moving to in town. A. hotel B. office C. cottage D. apartment 解析：本题解题的关键在于对后文线索的捕捉，“sit in my apartment today” 明确给出了提示，说明要搬去的地方是 “apartment”（公寓）。同时，结合 “item” 在此处指的是搬家物品，“hotel” 通常是临时居住场所，一般不会特意为其选定搬家物品；“office” 是办公地点，与日常生活中的搬家物品关联不大；“cottage”（小屋）在文中未提及相关信息，从上下文语境连贯性和语义合理性角度判断，“apartment” 为最佳选项。面对一词多义的题目，考生要像侦探一样，在文章中寻找蛛丝马迹，通过上下文确定词汇的确切含义。 二、语法结构类考点 考查基础语法在语境中的灵活运用，核心涉及非谓语动词、从句引导词和时态一致三大方向。 在非谓语动词的考查中，命题者常将过去分词、现在分词和动词不定式置于复杂语境，要求考生依据句子逻辑主语与动作的主被动关系、时间先后顺序精准判断。例如，当动作与逻辑主语构成主动关系且强调正在进行时，现在分词往往是正确选择；若存在被动关系，则需选用过去分词。 从句引导词的考点主要围绕定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句展开。考生需仔细辨别从句类型，分析引导词在从句中充当的成分。在定语从句里，关系代词（that, which, who 等）和关系副词（where, when, why 等）的选择取决于其在从句中作主语、宾语还是状语；名词性从句中，what、whether、if 等引导词的使用需根据句子语义和成分需求来确定。 时态一致的考查着重于上下文时态的连贯性。高考题目常通过多个动作的先后顺序、时间状语提示等方式，检验考生对一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等多种时态的理解与运用能力，要求考生确保整个语篇时态逻辑严密，避免出现时态矛盾的情况。 1. 非谓语动词 非谓语动词作为高考完形填空中的高频考点，需要考生精准判断其在句子中的逻辑关系，进而选择合适的形式。其中，to do 形式通常表示目的、将来或具体的一次性动作；doing 形式表示主动、进行或经常性、习惯性动作；done 形式则强调被动、完成的状态 。 【示例分析】 The project, ___ by setbacks, was completed ahead of schedule. 解析：过去分词 "marked" 表被动完成，说明项目 "被挫折标记"，符合逻辑。在该句中，“marked by setbacks” 作为后置定语修饰 “the project”，体现项目在完成前遭受挫折的被动完成状态，同时要注意与现在分词短语作定语（表主动、进行）的区分。例如，“The boy standing under the tree”（站在树下的男孩），“standing” 就表示主动且正在进行的动作。 2. 从句引导词 从句引导词的选择在高考完形填空中，主要涉及定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等，考生必须准确判断从句的性质，并理清其与主句之间的逻辑关系。 【示例分析】 I was reading a book in the classroom when there was an ___. A. which B. when C. that D. where 解析："when" 引导时间状语从句，表 "正在此时"，符合 "be doing...when..." 固定句式结构。这种结构中，“when” 并非表示常规的 “当…… 时候”，而是强调 “突然”。此外，在定语从句中，关系代词 “which”“that” 在从句中作主语或宾语，“where” 在从句中作地点状语，与本题情况不同。比如，“This is the house where I lived last year”（这是我去年住的房子），“where” 指代地点在从句中作状语；“The book which/that I bought yesterday is interesting”（我昨天买的那本书很有趣），“which/that” 在从句中作宾语，通过对比能更好掌握不同引导词的用法。 3. 时态与语态 时态与语态的判断在完形填空中，需要考生结合句中的时间线索，如时间状语、上下文语境等，同时分析动作之间的先后关系和主被动关系。被动语态的核心在于强调动作的承受者，而不是执行者。 【示例分析】 By the time we arrived, the performance ___ already ___. A. has; started B. had; started C. will; start D. was; starting 解析："by the time" 引导的过去时间点前发生的动作，需用过去完成时 "had started"。“by the time” 后接过去时间时，主句常用过去完成时，表示 “到…… 时候为止，已经……”；若后接将来时间，主句常用将来完成时，如 “By the time you come back, I will have finished the work”（到你回来的时候，我将已经完成工作）。此外，判断语态时，要分析主语和动词之间的关系，例如 “The bridge was built last year”（这座桥去年被建造），“bridge” 是动作 “build” 的承受者，所以用被动语态。 三、逻辑关系类考点 通过关联词考查对文章句间、段间逻辑的把握，这是高考英语完形填空的高频考点，涵盖转折、因果、并列等核心关系。转折关系常通过 however、but、yet 等词，揭示前后语义的反转，如前文描述困难重重，后文用 however 引出意外转机；因果关系借助 because、so、therefore 等词，建立事件的前因后果联系，像因天气恶劣，so 活动被迫取消；并列关系则依靠 and、or、both...and... 等词，呈现同等重要的信息，例如列举多种兴趣爱好时用 and 连接。这些关联词如同文章的 “隐形脉络”，考生需精准捕捉，才能理清文本逻辑，选出契合语境的答案。 1. 转折关系 转折关系在完形填空中是高频考点，其本质是通过标志词构建语义对立，核心标志词包含but、however、nevertheless。考生需重点关注：转折词前后的情感色彩是否相反，动作或状态是否矛盾，常见干扰项会设置语义相近但逻辑关系不符的词汇。 【示例分析】 The theory seemed perfect, nevertheless no one could reproduce it. 解析："nevertheless" 作为强转折词，将 "理论完美" 的正向描述与 "无法重现" 的负向结果形成鲜明对比，体现理论表象与实际可行性的矛盾。解题时需警惕类似 "therefore（因果）""moreover（递进）" 等逻辑混淆词。 2. 因果关系 因果关系考查考生对事件逻辑链的理解，包含原因→结果和结果→原因两种推理方向。核心标志词有because、so、thus、due to、consequently等。选项设计常围绕事件的直接关联性，错误选项可能是时间顺序相近但无因果的干扰项。 【示例分析】 Melanie Bailey should have finished the course earlier than she did. Her ____ came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line. A. delay（符合因果逻辑，"背着对手过终点" 导致 "赛程延误"） B. chance（机会，与原因无直接关联） C. trouble（麻烦，语义宽泛缺乏针对性） D. excuse（借口，与原文积极语境不符） 解析："because" 明确因果关系，解题关键在于找到与 "should have finished earlier" 形成因果呼应的词汇，同时注意时态一致性（过去式 came 对应过去发生的原因）。 3. 并列关系 并列关系用于连接语义对等、结构相似的成分，常见标志词包括and、or、as well as、not only...but also等。该类题目常涉及词性一致性、语义同类性两个考查维度，需特别注意平行结构中冠词、介词等虚词的复用规则。 【示例分析】 She is not only good at playing the piano but also ____ in painting. A. skilled（形容词，与 "good" 词性一致，构成 "be skilled in" 固定搭配） B. skill（名词，词性不符） C. skillfully（副词，修饰动词，与语境不符） D. skills（名词复数，无法与 "be...in" 搭配） 解析："not only...but also" 作为并列连词，要求前后结构严格平行，此处需选择与 "good" 词性、功能均匹配的形容词，形成 "be + adj. + 介词短语" 的平行结构。 四、固定搭配与语境推断类考点 在英语高考中，完形填空不仅是对词汇和语法的考查，更是对语言综合运用能力的检验。前者侧重积累习惯表达，后者依赖上下文线索推理，是完形填空的核心能力要求。所谓习惯表达，涵盖固定搭配（如 take pride in、make progress）、习语（kick the bucket 表示 “去世”）、口语化表达（no-brainer 指 “无需动脑的事”）等，这些内容需要考生通过长期阅读和语境积累形成语感；而上下文推理则要求考生具备逻辑分析能力，通过寻找指代关系（it/they 对应前文名词）、因果连词（therefore/however）、时间线索（firstly/meanwhile）以及情感色彩一致性，对空缺处进行精准判断。这两项能力相辅相成，既需要扎实的语言基本功，也离不开灵活的语篇分析技巧，共同构成了解题的关键钥匙。 1. 固定搭配 固定搭配作为高考英语完形填空中的高频考点，着重考查考生对常用短语和习语的掌握程度。这类考点涵盖动词短语、介词短语和习语，这些表达具有整体性，不能随意拆分或替换其中的词汇。在解题时，考生不仅要熟悉短语本身的含义，还要结合句子语境判断其是否适用。 【示例分析】 Burchill was ___ at the hotel on business and planning to visit some friends. A. studying B. staying C. looking D. packing 解析：在该句中，“stay at the hotel” 是一个典型的固定搭配，意为 “入住酒店”，这与句子中 “on business”（因公出差）的商务场景语义高度契合。选项 A “studying”（学习）、C “looking”（看）、D “packing”（打包），与 “at the hotel” 搭配时，均无法表达出合理的语义，因此正确答案为 B。此外，类似的固定搭配还有 “check in at the hotel”（办理酒店入住）、“check out of the hotel”（办理酒店退房）等，考生在备考时应加强积累。 2. 语境推断 语境推断类题目旨在考查考生对文章整体逻辑和细节信息的把握能力。在解答这类题目时，考生需要关注文章中的复现词、情感线索、逻辑关系词等隐含信息，通过上下文的相互印证来确定答案。这类题目往往需要考生跳出单个句子的限制，立足全文逻辑进行分析。 【示例分析】 I started getting really nervous. What if I didn’t get a main role? Soon, the cast list was ___. My friends checked and came back shouting, “Amy, you got the main role!” A. traded B. posted C. questioned D. claimed 解析：在这个语境中，关键线索是 “checked”（查看），只有当演员表被 “posted”（张贴）出来，朋友们才能够去查看，该选项符合上下文逻辑。而选项 A “traded”（交易），与演员表的发布毫无关联；选项 C “questioned”（质疑），代入句子后语义不通；选项 D “claimed”（宣称），也无法与 “checked” 形成合理的逻辑关系，因此均被排除。此外，考生在面对此类题目时，还应注意一些常见的情感线索词，如 “excited”“disappointed”“surprised” 等，这些词能够帮助我们快速把握作者或文中人物的情感态度，从而更好地理解语境。 五、情感态度类考点 情感态度类考点在高考完形填空中虽占比不及词汇类，但直接影响对语篇主旨的理解，常通过形容词、副词、动词等体现人物情绪或作者观点，需结合语境判断情感倾向（积极、消极、中性），避免因忽略情感线索选错答案。 这类题目中，选项往往是情感色彩鲜明的词汇，如 “delighted（高兴的）”“frustrated（沮丧的）”“calm（平静的）” 等。解题时需关注文中人物的动作、语言、环境描写等细节，比如 “she smiled brightly” 暗示积极情感，“he sighed heavily” 则可能体现消极情绪，通过这些线索锁定与情感倾向一致的选项。 1. 人物情绪判断 聚焦文中人物在特定场景下的情绪变化，选项多为描述情绪的形容词或动词，需结合动作、对话、环境等线索推断，避免仅凭词汇表面含义选择。在实际解题中，人物的微表情、心理活动描写以及场景氛围营造，都是判断情绪的重要依据。 【示例分析】 When I saw my painting displayed in the school gallery, I felt so ___ that I couldn’t help smiling. A. nervous B. proud C. confused D. tired 解析：从 “couldn’t help smiling”（忍不住笑）这一动作线索可判断，人物情绪是积极的。“proud”（自豪的）符合积极情感倾向；“nervous”（紧张的）、“confused”（困惑的）、“tired”（疲惫的）均为消极或中性情绪，与 “微笑” 的动作矛盾，因此排除。此外，类似的情绪线索还有 “tears of joy”（喜悦的泪水）暗示开心，“clenched fists”（紧握的拳头）可能体现愤怒或紧张，需重点关注。比如在某些文本中，人物突然加快的脚步、颤抖的声音，也能辅助判断其紧张、激动等情绪。部分文章还会通过环境描写烘托情绪，如 “阴沉的天空” 暗示压抑，“阳光洒满房间” 营造愉悦氛围。 2. 作者观点倾向 考查作者对事件、人物的态度，选项常为具有评价性的形容词或副词（如 “valuable（有价值的）”“unfair（不公平的）”），需通过作者的用词、语气及对事件的描述逻辑判断观点倾向。作者在文章中表达观点时，除了直接的情感词汇，还会通过对比、举例等论证方式来强化态度。 【示例分析】 The volunteer activity not only helped those in need but also taught us important life lessons. It was truly a ___ experience for everyone involved. A. meaningless B. painful C. rewarding D. boring 解析：作者用 “not only helped...but also taught...” 强调志愿活动的积极作用，体现肯定态度。“rewarding”（有意义的、有益的）符合作者的积极观点；“meaningless”（无意义的）、“painful”（痛苦的）、“boring”（无聊的）均为消极评价，与作者对活动的正面描述相悖。解题时，若文中出现 “fortunately（幸运地）”“unluckily（不幸地）” 等副词，也可直接判断作者的态度倾向。此外，当作者使用 “in my opinion”“from my perspective” 等表达时，往往会直接引出观点；而 “on the contrary”“while” 等词连接的内容，则可能通过对比展现观点差异。比如在描述两种不同的教育方式时，作者可能会用 “effective” 与 “ineffective” 等词汇形成鲜明对比，以此表明自己的态度。 六、文化背景类考点 高考完形填空偶尔会涉及英语国家的文化习俗、生活常识（如节日、社交礼仪、生活习惯等），这类题目需结合文化背景知识辅助判断，若缺乏相关认知，易因文化差异导致理解偏差。 文化背景类题目常隐藏在场景描述中，比如涉及 “Thanksgiving（感恩节）” 会关联 “turkey（火鸡）”“family gathering（家庭聚会）”；涉及 “restaurant etiquette（餐厅礼仪）” 会提到 “tip（小费）”“reservation（预订）”。复习时需积累常见的英语国家文化常识，避免因文化盲区选错答案。 1. 生活习俗场景 围绕英语国家的日常生活习惯（如饮食、交通、社交等）设置考点，需结合文化常识判断符合场景的行为或事物。在这类题目中，命题人常常利用中西方文化差异制造干扰项，考生既要熟悉西方社会的基础生活规范，也要善于从语境中捕捉关键线索。 【示例分析】 In many Western countries, it’s common to give a ___ to the waiter after dining in a restaurant as a way to show appreciation for good service. A. gift B. tip C. card D. flower 解析：在西方餐饮文化中，“给服务员小费” 是约定俗成的社交礼仪，通常小费金额为账单总额的 15%-20%，“tip”（小费）正是这一文化现象的精准表达。相比之下，“gift”（礼物）常用于私人关系或特殊场合，“card”（卡片）和 “flower”（花）虽然也能传递感谢，但不符合餐厅消费的常规答谢形式。此外，类似的生活习俗还有 “driving on the left side（靠左行驶）” 是英国、澳大利亚等英联邦国家的交通规则，需注意与美国等靠右行驶国家的差异；“shaking hands when meeting（见面握手）” 虽是通用社交礼仪，但在北欧部分地区，更流行简单点头示意。备考时，可整理典型生活场景的文化对比表格，如餐桌礼仪、日常问候用语等，强化跨文化意识。 2. 节日文化场景 结合英语国家的传统节日（如圣诞节、万圣节、复活节等）设置考点，选项常与节日相关的事物、活动匹配，需依托节日文化知识判断。这类题目往往通过营造节日氛围的描述，考查考生对节日核心元素的熟悉程度，尤其注重对节日专属符号和仪式的识别。 【示例分析】 At Christmas, families in Western countries usually decorate a ___ with lights, ornaments and gifts to celebrate the holiday. A. Christmas tree B. birthday cake C. lantern D. mooncake 解析：“装饰圣诞树” 是圣诞节最具代表性的传统之一，起源于 16 世纪的德国，如今已成为全球圣诞节的标志性符号。而 “birthday cake”（生日蛋糕）属于个人庆生场景；“lantern”（灯笼）在中国文化中象征团圆喜庆，常见于元宵节、中秋节；“mooncake”（月饼）更是中秋节阖家团圆的象征，均与圣诞节文化内核不符。值得注意的是，部分题目还会涉及节日的深层寓意，例如复活节彩蛋象征重生，感恩节火鸡代表丰收。复习时，可按时间轴梳理节日脉络，整理每个节日的起源故事、特色食物、传统活动及标志性符号，例如万圣节除 “pumpkin lanterns（南瓜灯）”“trick-or-treat（不给糖就捣蛋）” 外，还需注意 “costume party（化妆舞会）” 等衍生习俗，提升答题准确性。 七、语篇衔接类考点 语篇衔接类考点聚焦文章的整体性与连贯性，通过代词指代、词汇复现、逻辑连接等方式实现句间、段间的衔接，需准确把握上下文的关联，避免因忽略衔接线索导致语义断裂。 这类题目中，代词（it, they, this, that 等）的指代对象常需从前文寻找；词汇复现（原词复现、同义复现）可帮助锁定与前文语义一致的选项；逻辑连接则需结合前文提到的转折、因果等关系，确保衔接自然。 1. 代词指代判断 考查代词（人称代词、指示代词等）所指代的对象，需在前文寻找对应的名词或句子，确保指代明确、语义连贯。代词在句中主要起到避免重复、连接上下文的作用，因此判断其指代对象时，不仅要关注词性、单复数，还要考虑逻辑关系和语境含义。 在实际考试中，代词指代的干扰项往往会设置与前文出现过的人物或事物相关的词汇，增加迷惑性。解题时，可采用 “三步定位法”：首先，确定代词在句中的语法功能（如主语、宾语等）；其次，回溯前文，圈定可能的指代对象；最后，将选项代入原文，通过语义连贯性和逻辑合理性进行验证。 【示例分析】 Lisa bought a new book yesterday. She spent the whole evening reading ___ because the story was so interesting. A. it B. her C. him D. them 解析：代词 “it” 指代前文提到的单数名词 “a new book”，符合指代逻辑；“her”（她的 / 她）、“him”（他）指代人，与 “book”（事物）不符；“them” 指代复数名词，而 “book” 是单数，因此排除。此外，考生需注意，若句中出现多个可能的指代对象，需结合句子的核心内容判断。例如，若句中同时出现人物和事物，代词优先指代离其更近、逻辑关联更强的对象。解题时，若代词指代不明，可先确定前文出现的名词单复数、指代对象（人 / 事物），再匹配选项。 2. 词汇复现衔接 通过原词、同义词、近义词的重复出现，实现语篇衔接，解题时需关注前文出现的词汇，寻找与空缺处语义一致的复现词。词汇复现是英语语篇构建的重要手段，分为直接复现和间接复现两种类型。直接复现指原词重复，间接复现则涵盖同义替换、上下义词关联（如 “apple” 与 “fruit”）、反义词对比（如 “hot” 与 “cold”）等形式。这些复现方式能够帮助作者在不重复用词的情况下，保持文意的连贯性和逻辑性。 在解题过程中，考生需要建立 “上下文语义关联” 的意识。遇到填空时，不要仅关注选项本身，而是要快速扫描前文，寻找语义线索。有时，复现词可能隐藏在段落的主题句、过渡句或细节描述中，需要考生具备一定的文本敏感度。同时，要警惕干扰项中形似但语义不符的词汇，避免因惯性思维误选。 【示例分析】 The old man loved gardening. Every morning, he would go to his small ___ to water the flowers and vegetables he planted. A. kitchen B. garden C. bedroom D. office 解析：前文提到 “loved gardening（热爱园艺）”，“garden（花园）” 是 “gardening” 的相关复现词，符合 “浇水、种花草蔬菜” 的场景；“kitchen（厨房）”、“bedroom（卧室）”、“office（办公室）” 均与 “园艺” 无关，因此排除。此外，若遇到选项中无原词复现的情况，可考虑同义替换，如前文出现 “begin”，后文填空处可能用 “start”；或根据上下文逻辑选择上下义词，如前文提及 “bird”，后文填空处可用 “eagle” 作为具体例子。词汇复现不仅包括原词，还可能是同义替换（如前文 “happy”，后文用 “delighted”），需灵活识别。 八、语义辨析进阶类考点 该类考点是词汇类考查的深化，聚焦 “近义词在特定语境中的精准适配”，不仅要求区分词义，更需结合场景的情感强度、动作程度、搭配对象等细节判断，是拉开分数差距的关键题型。常见细分方向包括情感强度差异、动作精准度区分、抽象与具体语义辨别三类。 1. 情感强度差异 选项为语义相近但情感浓度不同的词汇（如 “like”“love”“adore”），需根据语境中人物的行为、语气判断情感强度，避免 “程度过轻” 或 “过度夸张” 的选项。这类题目常通过副词（如 “deeply”“slightly”）、语气词（如 “really”“even”）或场景描述（如 “lifelong”“momentary”）暗示情感量级。 【示例分析】 After raising her for 10 years, the old lady ___ her pet cat more than anything else in the world. A. liked B. loved C. admired D. favored 解析：“for 10 years”“more than anything else” 明确体现 “极致的情感”，“loved”（深爱）符合强度需求；“liked”（喜欢）程度过轻，无法匹配 “十年陪伴” 与 “胜过一切” 的语境；“admired”（敬佩）多用于对人的品格、能力的赞赏，不适用宠物；“favored”（偏爱）侧重 “相对其他选择的偏好”，而非绝对的深厚情感，因此排除。解题时可标记 “情感强度提示词”，如 “extremely”“hardly”“only” 等，辅助判断选项量级。 2. 动作精准度区分 选项为语义相关但动作细节不同的动词（如 “walk”“stroll”“march”），需结合动作的目的、姿态、场景判断 “最精准的动作描述”。这类题目常隐含动作的 “主动性 / 被动性”“速度 / 节奏”“目的性 / 随意性” 等细节线索。 【示例分析】 The soldiers ___ neatly along the street to celebrate the national day, with their heads held high. A. walked B. strolled C. marched D. ran 解析：“soldiers”“neatly”“heads held high” 指向 “有组织、有纪律的行进”，“marched”（列队行进）精准匹配军事场景的动作特征；“walked”（走）过于宽泛，未体现 “整齐” 与 “纪律性”；“strolled”（闲逛）强调 “随意、缓慢”，与士兵的庄重姿态矛盾；“ran”（跑）则不符合 “庆祝游行” 的平稳场景，因此排除。解题时可梳理 “动作场景对应表”，如 “医院场景” 常用 “treat”“examine”，“学校场景” 常用 “teach”“explain”，强化动作与场景的绑定记忆。 3. 抽象与具体语义辨别 选项为一组 “抽象概念词” 与 “具体事物词”（如 “success”“achievement”），需根据上下文是否有 “具体事例支撑” 判断语义类型。若文中提及具体事件、数据、物品，优先选具体词；若描述整体状态、感受、理念，优先选抽象词。 【示例分析】 Winning the regional competition was a great ___ for the young athlete, who had practiced day and night for half a year. A. success B. achievement C. progress D. fortune 解析：“Winning the regional competition” 是 “具体的事件成果”，“achievement”（具体成就）侧重 “通过努力获得的具体结果”，符合语境；“success”（成功）是抽象概念，常指 “整体状态的顺利”，不特指某件具体事件；“progress”（进步）强调 “过程中的提升”，而非 “最终结果”；“fortune”（运气）与 “practiced day and night” 体现的 “努力” 矛盾，因此排除。解题时可通过 “是否能对应具体事件 / 物品” 快速区分抽象与具体词，如 “gift”（具体礼物）和 “kindness”（抽象善意）。 九、语用功能类考点 聚焦语言在实际交际中的 “功能用途”，考查考生对 “请求、建议、道歉、邀请” 等语用场景的理解，需结合对话语气、句式结构、场景需求判断选项，避免仅从字面意思选择。常见细分方向包括交际意图判断、语气适配选择、场景功能匹配三类。 1. 交际意图判断 选项为不同交际功能的句式（如 “Could you...?”“Why not...?”），需根据上下文的 “需求”“问题” 或 “回应” 判断说话人的意图（请求、建议、拒绝等）。这类题目常通过 “疑问词”（如 “Could”“Would” 表委婉请求）、“回应内容”（如 “Sure”“Sorry” 对应不同意图）提供线索。 【示例分析】 I said ,“My phone died and I need to call my mom. ___ I use your phone for a minute?” “— Of course, here you are."he replied A. Must B. Should C. Could D. Will 解析：根据 “need to call”“use your phone” 可知说话人是 “委婉请求”，“Could”（委婉请求）符合交际意图；“Must”（必须）语气强硬，不符合请求场景；“Should”（应该）表建议，而非请求；“Will”（将要）表未来动作，无法体现请求意图，因此排除。解题时可整理 “交际意图句式表”，如 “表建议” 用 “Why not...?”“You’d better...?”，“表道歉” 用 “I’m sorry for...?”“Excuse me for...?”，强化功能与句式的对应。 2. 语气适配选择 选项为不同语气的词汇或句式（如 “maybe”“certainly”“probably”），需根据语境的 “确定性程度”“情感倾向” 判断语气强度。若文中有 “证据、事实、肯定回应”，选语气肯定的词；若有 “猜测、不确定、犹豫”，选语气委婉的词。 【示例分析】 The weather forecast said it will rain tomorrow, so we ___ need to take umbrellas when we go out. A. probably B. certainly C. maybe D. hardly 解析：“The weather forecast said” 是 “明确的证据支撑”，说明 “带伞” 是 “确定的需求”，“certainly”（肯定）符合语气；“probably”（可能）、“maybe”（或许）语气过于委婉，与 “天气预报” 的确定性矛盾；“hardly”（几乎不）则与语境完全相反，因此排除。解题时可标记 “语气提示词”，如 “definitely”“surely” 表肯定，“perhaps”“might” 表不确定，辅助判断语气适配度。 3. 场景功能匹配 选项为适用于不同场景的词汇或表达（如 “check in”“check out”“look up”），需结合场景的 “核心需求” 判断功能词。常见场景包括 “酒店、餐厅、医院、商店、机场” 等，每个场景有专属的功能表达，需通过场景关键词（如 “hotel reception”“restaurant menu”）锁定选项。 【示例分析】When we arrived at the hotel, the first thing we did was go to the front desk to ___, so we could get our room keys. A. check in B. check out C. pick up D. put down 解析：“hotel”“front desk”“get our room keys” 明确指向 “酒店入住场景”，“check in”（办理入住）是该场景的核心功能；“check out”（办理退房）与 “arrived”“get room keys” 矛盾；“pick up”（捡起；领取）需搭配具体物品（如 “package”），不适用酒店场景；“put down”（放下；写下）与 “拿钥匙” 的需求无关，因此排除。备考时可按 “场景 - 功能词” 分类整理，如 “餐厅场景” 常用 “order”“pay the bill”，“医院场景” 常用 “make an appointment”“see a doctor”，形成场景化记忆。 十、细节逻辑类考点 聚焦语篇中 “细微的逻辑关联”，需通过 “时间顺序、空间位置、因果链条、条件限制” 等细节线索判断选项，避免因忽略 “隐性逻辑” 导致语义断层。这类题目常通过 “时间副词”（如 “firstly”“finally”）、“空间介词”（如 “above”“below”）、“条件连词”（如 “if”“unless”）提供逻辑线索，是考查语篇精细理解能力的核心题型。 1. 时间顺序逻辑 选项为体现时间先后的词汇（如 “then”“later”“before”）或动词时态，需根据文中 “动作发生的先后顺序” 判断，确保时间线连贯。这类题目常通过 “动作描述的先后”（如 “woke up → brushed teeth → had breakfast”）、“时间标记词”（如 “at 8 am”“the next day”）构建时间逻辑。 【示例分析】I woke up early in the morning, ___ I washed my face and brushed my teeth, and then I went to the kitchen to make breakfast. A. so B. then C. while D. since 解析：“woke up → washed → went” 是 “先后发生的动作”，“then”（然后）体现时间顺序；“so”（因此）表因果，文中无因果关系；“while”（当…… 时）表同时发生，与 “先后动作” 矛盾；“since”（自从；因为）既不表时间顺序，也无因果逻辑，因此排除。解题时可画出 “时间轴”，标注每个动作的发生顺序，再匹配时间逻辑词。 2. 空间位置逻辑 选项为体现空间关系的介词（如 “in”“on”“under”“beside”）或副词（如 “here”“there”“above”），需根据文中 “物体 / 人物的位置描述” 判断空间关联，确保场景画面连贯。这类题目常通过 “视觉描述”（如 “the box on the table”“the girl beside the window”）提供空间线索。 【示例分析】 The little girl sat ___ her mother on the sofa, listening to a story about magic. A. beside B. above C. below D. behind 解析：“on the sofa”“listening to a story together” 暗示 “两人相邻而坐”，“beside”（在…… 旁边）符合空间场景；“above”（在…… 上方）、“below”（在…… 下方）描述垂直空间关系，与 “沙发上” 的水平场景矛盾；“behind”（在…… 后面）无法体现 “一起听故事” 的互动场景，因此排除。解题时可想象 “场景画面”，根据 “人物 / 物体的互动方式”（如 “talk together”“share a book”）判断空间位置。 3. 条件限制逻辑 选项为体现条件关系的连词（如 “if”“unless”“as long as”）或副词（如 “only”“just”“even”），需根据 “前提条件” 与 “结果” 的关联判断选项，确保逻辑严密。这类题目常通过 “假设、限制、要求” 等描述（如 “you can go out if you finish homework”）构建条件逻辑。 【示例分析】 You will not pass the exam ___ you study hard and practice more questions before the test. A. if B. unless C. because D. though 解析：“will not pass” 与 “study hard” 是 “否定结果” 与 “必要条件” 的关系，“unless”（除非，相当于 “if not”）符合逻辑；“if”（如果）表肯定条件，与 “will not pass” 矛盾；“because”（因为）表因果，文中无因果关系；“though”（虽然）表转折，无法体现条件限制，因此排除。解题时可将选项代入原文，检验 “条件” 与 “结果” 是否形成 “必要 / 充分” 关联，如 “unless” 引导必要条件，“if” 引导充分条件。 考点精讲讲练 【2025浙江1月卷】Manuela Ribeiro has a healthy addiction. It’s 41 . A few months ago, the 30-year-old teacher decided it was time to put her 42 to good use. She signed up on the website Bookalokal, and now welcomes 43 into her Brussels flat twice a week for dinner parties. Ribeiro 44 €35 per person for what is usually a three-course meal that can last up to three hours. For Ribeiro, it has become a perfect platform for 45 her hobby of buying food, 46 new recipes and holding dinner parties. “It’s a great opportunity to share my passion for food and to 47 new people,” said Ribeiro. Sometimes she prepares traditional Brazilian dishes 48 her native home; other times she 49 dinner courses with her favorite beers. The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom, as 50 to a restaurant where the service is 51 , the menu is known in advance, and the meal is expected to be no 52 . “But it’s also a great 53 , for it can sometimes take days to 54 a single event,” Ribeiro said. “This platform is not only 55 for professional cooks, but also for those willing to discover new experiences.” 41．A．reading B．traveling C．cooking D．teaching 42．A．hobby B．energy C．education D．money 43．A．coworkers B．students C．relatives D．strangers 44．A．pays B．charges C．owes D．raises 45．A．pursuing B．choosing C．discussing D．changing 46．A．passing on B．trying out C．going over D．taking down 47．A．hire B．help C．meet D．train 48．A．in addition to B．in return for C．in honor of D．in line with 49．A．replaces B．tastes C．orders D．pairs 50．A．opposed B．related C．subject D．vital 51．A．invaluable B．impersonal C．unsuitable D．unprofessional 52．A．surprise B．end C．need D．problem 53．A．lesson B．pleasure C．success D．challenge 54．A．celebrate B．record C．attend D．organise 55．A．selected B．reserved C．evaluated D．requested 【答案】 41．C 42．A 43．D 44．B 45．A 46．B 47．C 48．C 49．D 50．A 51．B 52．A 53．D 54．D 55．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Manuela Ribeiro将自己的烹饪爱好发展成副业，通过在Bookalokal网站上提供晚餐聚会服务，与陌生人分享美食并结交新朋友的故事。 41．考查名词词义辨析：句意：Manuela Ribeiro有一种健康的癖好。那就是烹饪。A. reading阅读；B. traveling旅行；C. cooking烹饪；D. teaching教学。根据下文“She signed up on the website Bookalokal, and now welcomes 　　　　　 into her Brussels flat twice a week for dinner parties”可知，她现在在Bookalokal网站上提供晚餐聚会服务，由此推知她的嗜好是烹饪。故选C。 42．考查名词词义辨析：句意：几个月前，这位30岁的老师决定是时候好好利用她的爱好了。A. hobby爱好；B. energy精力；C. education教育；D. money钱。根据上文“Manuela Ribeiro has a healthy addiction. It’s 1 .”可知，她的爱好是烹饪，此处指好好利用她的烹饪爱好。故选A。 43．考查名词词义辨析：句意：她在Bookalokal 网站上注册了，现在每周两次欢迎陌生人到她布鲁塞尔的公寓来参加晚宴。A. coworkers同事；B. students学生；C. relatives亲戚；D. strangers陌生人。根据下文“It’s a great opportunity to share my passion for food and to 　 　　 new people”可知，这是一个分享她对食物的热爱和结识新朋友的好机会，由此推知她欢迎陌生人到她的公寓参加晚宴。故选D。 44．考查动词词义辨析：句意：对于通常一顿可能持续长达三个小时的三道菜的晚餐，Ribeiro向每人收取35欧元。A. pays支付；B. charges收费；C. owes欠；D. raises提高，筹集。根据下文“€35 per person for what is usually a three-course meal”可知，这是Manuela Ribeiro为客人提供的晚餐的收费标准，即每人收费35欧元。故选B。 45．考查动词词义辨析：句意：对Ribeiro来说，这已经成为她追求购买食材、尝试新食谱以及举办晚宴这些爱好的一个完美平台。A. pursuing追求；B. choosing选择；C. discussing讨论；D. changing改变。根据上文“Manuela Ribeiro has a healthy addiction. It’s 1 .”可知，Manuela Ribeiro热爱烹饪，所以此处想表达的是“追求她购买食材的爱好”。故选A。 46．考查动词短语辨析：句意：对Ribeiro来说，这已经成为她追求购买食材、尝试新食谱以及举办晚宴这些爱好的一个完美平台。A. passing on传递；B. trying out尝试；C. going over复习；D. taking down记下。根据下文“new recipes”可知，此处表示尝试新食谱。故选B。 47．考查动词词义辨析：句意：“这是一个分享我对食物的热情以及结识新朋友的好机会。” Ribeiro说。A. hire雇佣；B. help帮助；C. meet遇见，结识；D. train训练。根据下文“This platform is not only 　 　　for professional cooks, but also for those willing to discover new experiences.”可知，这个平台不仅适合专业厨师，也适合那些愿意探索新体验的人，由此可推测出Manuela Ribeiro通过这个平台可以认识新朋友。故选C。 48．考查介词短语辨析。句意：有时她准备传统的巴西菜肴，以纪念她的祖国；有时她会用她最喜欢的啤酒搭配晚餐。A. in addition to除……外（还）；B. in return for作为……的回报；C. in honor of为了纪念；D. in line with符合。根据下文“her native home”以及语境可知，为了纪念她的祖国，Ribeiro会准备传统的巴西菜肴。故选C。 49．考查动词词义辨析：句意：有时她会按照她的家乡巴西的传统准备传统的巴西菜肴；有时她会把晚餐菜肴和她最喜欢的啤酒搭配起来。A. replaces代替；B. tastes品尝；C. orders订购；D. pairs配对，搭配。根据下文“dinner courses with her favorite beers”可知，此处表示用Ribeiro最喜欢的啤酒搭配晚餐。故选D。 50．考查形容词词义辨析：句意：这个平台让Ribeiro能够非常自由地实现她的梦想，与餐馆形成对比，在餐馆里服务是没有人情味的，菜单是提前知道的，而且人们期望用餐过程中没有惊喜。A. opposed相反的，对立的；B. related相关的；C. subject受…… 支配的；D. vital至关重要的。根据下文“to a restaurant where the service is”可知，此处是将在平台上做饭和开餐厅进行对比，表示两者是相反的。故选A。 51．考查形容词词义辨析：句意：这个平台让Ribeiro能够非常自由地实现她的梦想，与餐馆形成对比，在餐馆里服务是没有人情味的，菜单是提前知道的，而且人们期望用餐过程中没有惊喜。A. invaluable无价的；B. impersonal没有人情味的；C. unsuitable不合适的；D. unprofessional不专业的。根据下文“the menu is known in advance, and the meal is expected to be no 　　 　”可知，菜单是提前知道的，而且饭菜没有什么惊喜，说明餐厅的服务是没有人情味的。故选B。 52．考查名词词义辨析：句意：这个平台让Ribeiro能够非常自由地实现她的梦想，与餐馆形成对比，在餐馆里服务是没有人情味的，菜单是提前知道的，而且人们期望用餐过程中没有惊喜。A. surprise惊喜；B. end结束；C. need需要；D. problem问题。根据上文“the menu is known in advance”可知，菜单是提前知道的，由此推知饭菜没有什么惊喜。故选A。 53．考查名词词义辨析：句意：“但这也是一个很大的挑战，因为有时组织一场活动可能需要好几天的时间。” Ribeiro说。A. lesson教训；B. pleasure快乐；C. success成功；D. challenge挑战。根据下文“it can sometimes take days to 　　 　　 a single event”可知，有时组织一个活动可能需要几天的时间，这是一件具有挑战性的事情。故选D。 54．考查动词词义辨析：句意：“但这也是一个很大的挑战，因为有时组织一场活动可能需要好几天的时间。” Ribeiro说。A. celebrate庆祝；B. record记录；C. attend参加；D. organise组织。根据下文“a single event”可知，此处指组织一个活动。故选D。 55．考查动词词义辨析：句意：“这个平台不仅是为专业厨师保留的，也是为那些愿意发现新体验的人准备的。”A. selected选择；B. reserved保留；C. evaluated评估；D. requested请求。根据下文“for professional cooks, but also for those willing to discover new experiences”可知，这个平台不仅为专业厨师保留，而且也为那些愿意发现新体验的人保留，应用be reserved for。故选B。 训练 1 One summer night, my friends and I stole into the Jordans’ backyard and started harvesting their sweet, juicy raspberries (树莓). We were enjoying every bite of the tasty berries 1 Mr Jordan came charging outside all of a sudden. “What are you boys doing out here?” he yelled as my friends ran off 2 all directions. He attempted to catch one or two as they rushed past him, but they were too 3 for the older gentleman to catch. Within seconds, the boys 4 into the dark of the summer night, all except me. Speed was never my 5 . I took the tongue-lashing (痛骂) that Mr. Jordan gave me as he marched me down the block to my house, where my mother took over and scolded me 6 . My friends said they could hear every colorful word she spoke from the darkness of our backyard, where they had gathered to 7 their escape and to observe my capture. They 8 me about it for days afterwards, while all I could do was complain about how 9 it was that I was the only one who had to pay the price. After about a week of this, I complained to my father about the inequality of the situation. Dad said, “You took raspberries without 10 , and you get exactly the punishment you deserved.” “But what about the other guys?” I asked. “They didn’t get punished at all!” “That’s not my concern nor should it be yours,” Dad said. “You can’t 11 what happens to others. You can only 12 what happens to you. You made a bad choice that night, and you were punished for it.” For the duration of the following years, I come to realize there is no 13 that life will treat us fairly. That’s why we can’t 14 comparing our lives with the lives of others. Like Dad said, that isn’t our 15 . 1．A．before B．while C．when D．after 2．A．towards B．in C．at D．from 3．A．smart B．foxy C．swift D．intelligent 4．A．hid B．marched C．hurried D．disappeared 5．A．strength B．power C．intention D．option 6．A．cruelly B．bitterly C．mercilessly D．pitifully 7．A．negotiate B．celebrate C．plot D．congratulate 8．A．asked B．comforted C．teased D．challenged 9．A．unhappy B．frustrating C．disappointing D．unfair 10．A．thinking B．warning C．asking D．informing 11．A．control B．predict C．accept D．explain 12．A．put up with B．get away with C．agree with D．deal with 13．A．reason B．guarantee C．chance D．doubt 14．A．get stuck in B．get engaged in C．be interested in D．be buried in 15．A．problem B．complaint C．concern D．choice 2 At 17, I quit school, left home and moved from place to place. Years later, I was 16 for possessing drugs. I’d never touched drugs, but nobody believed me because my wandering lifestyle failed to defend my 17 I was sent to prison. My cellmate was Herbert. We both worked in the electric shop. I wouldn’t let the fact that I was 18 imprisoned defeat me; so to keep myself 19 I volunteered for extra work, My attitude and effort earned me Herbert’s confidence and friendship. Before Herbert was 20 , he offered me a job at his big company. Never had I expected 21 would smile on me! Deeply touched by Herbert’s 22 I was determined that someday I’d help other ex-prisoners this way. Once out of prison, I went to Herbert’s company, where I was 23 rapidly through hard work. When I had a 24 in employment, I began to perform the 25 I had made to myself. Through the years, we have offered over 300 ex-prisoners 26 jobs. We believe in them, regardless of their past. As we know, prison 27 a man. When his tern ends, society rarely gives him a paid-in-full receipt. He carries the 28 of “prisoner” wherever he goes. Nobody trusts or wants him. The only 29 open for him might lead back to crime. I’m glad I’ve 30 some of them and inspired their passion for a new life. 16．A．fired B．arrested C．rejected D．blamed 17．A．dignity B．ambition C．innocence D．identity 18．A．unjustly B．indirectly C．leisurely D．readily 19．A．comfortable B．satisfied C．humble D．occupied 20．A．sentenced B．released C．punished D．rescued 21．A．duty B．freedom C．courage D．fortune 22．A．trust B．honesty C．praise D．forgiveness 23．A．promoted B．convinced C．informed D．educated 24．A．choice B．judgment C．direction D．voice 25．A．task B．function C．promise D．explanation 26．A．challenging B．first-rate C．decent D．temporary 27．A．limits B．transforms C．disciplines D．marks 28．A．label B．attitude C．signal D．manner 29．A．advice B．position C．route D．reward 30．A．caught up with B．reached out to C．kept away from D．got ahead of 3 Standing on the edge of the plane, my tandem skydiving (双人跳伞) instructor, Bill, turned to face me. “Do you have any last words?” he asked. “Yes,” I said, joking. “I hope my parachute (降落伞) 31 .” I’d never felt more alive as Bill and I 32 and started our free fall. As we reached 4,000 feet, I felt a parachute open. This, I was told, would slow us down for a smooth 33 . But why were we still 34 so fast? I could hear Bill swearing as he tried to 35 whatever had gone wrong. Worse still, our emergency parachute unexpectedly got 36 on something. At that moment, I just felt so 37 that I’d even invited my family along to experience sorrow instead of watching my wonderful performance. We 38 the ground. An unimaginable pain shot up my back. Feeling weak and tired out, I gathered all my 39 , and turned to face Bill. He started screaming. From my neck down, I could hardly 40 . My mother couldn’t help crying as we were placed into a(n) 41 from the hospital. After years of treatment, the deep physical and mental pain is 42 . I heard Bill made a full 43 and returned to skydiving. I was always terrified of being myself and doing the things I wanted. Now I’ve learned I need to be 44 . There’s nothing like falling from 15,000 feet without a parachute and surviving. It forces me to 45 every day! 31．A．flies B．breaks C．opens D．folds 32．A．dropped out B．stepped out C．climbed out D．rolled out 33．A．blow B．rise C．turn D．fall 34．A．traveling B．riding C．skipping D．escaping 35．A．evaluate B．define C．ignore D．fix 36．A．caught B．burnt C．charged D．controlled 37．A．relieved B．curious C．guilty D．stressed 38．A．occupied B．hit C．attacked D．swept 39．A．strength B．faith C．spirits D．thoughts 40．A．scream B．whisper C．breathe D．move 41．A．taxi B．coach C．ambulance D．bus 42．A．returning B．healing C．beginning D．worsening 43．A．recovery B．list C．impact D．fortune 44．A．hopeless B．aimless C．selfless D．fearless 45．A．spend B．value C．recall D．imagine 4 It was Jennifer Williams’s mother who got her interested in books. A librarian, she 46 to her three children every day. When Williams, now 54, became an elementary school teacher in Danville, Virginia, she wanted her students to 47 with reading just as she had. But early on, she realized that some kids had limited 48 to books. To Williams, the 49 was simple: Give kids books. In 2017, as part of a civic event called Engage Dan-ville, she 50 900 used children’s books over three days. Most people would be 51 with that. “I was like, ‘Anybody could do that,’” she said. “I wanted to do something that’s going to stretch my faith, my work ethic, my everything.” So she raised the number 52 by setting a new goal for herself: Give away one million books. It sounds like an 53 number. 54 , she got to work, first by roping in friends to give away books or money to buy books. Before long, as 55 of Williams’s project spread, strangers started leaving bundles of books on her front porch. As quickly as the books come in, Williams gives them to local schools—free of 56 —and also 57 books to little free libraries around the city of 41,000 just over the North Carolina border. She also 58 a book club for inmates in the local jail. In the four years she’s been doing all this, the Book Lady, as Williams has come to be known, has given away more than 78,000 books—only 922,000 more to reach her 59 ! And she’s not slowing down. It’s too 60 for kids with few options. “Reading can take you anywhere,” she told CNN. “You can travel in time and space. If you can read, you can learn almost anything.” 46．A．showed B．read C．lied D．responded 47．A．catch up B．come up C．fall in love D．get along 48．A．ability B．accuracy C．account D．access 49．A．solution B．deal C．promise D．key 50．A．covered B．bought C．donated D．delivered 51．A．satisfied B．strict C．familiar D．honest 52．A．considerately B．slightly C．simply D．considerably 53．A．unbearable B．unreachable C．unlucky D．undefined 54．A．Consequently B．Still C．Otherwise D．However 55．A．information B．disease C．news D．rumor 56．A．tax B．charge C．damage D．interest 57．A．supplies B．introduces C．attaches D．accompanies 58．A．cancels B．hosts C．describes D．designs 59．A．judgement B．conclusion C．level D．goal 60．A．important B．interesting C．impractical D．individual 5 Feeling unproductive even after working all day? Do you ever feel guilty for relaxing, even after you’ve worked hard all day? Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout? You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia. Although not a scientific term, it’s a helpful way to describe the feeling of 61 to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more, even when you’re completely drained. It’s the pursuit of productivity that motivates you to do more while 62 you of the ability to enjoy any success along the way. Productivity dysmorphia may look like working 63 on the weekends because you think you should be doing more, even though you did more than your share of work throughout the week. It could look like feeling ashamed of yourself when watching a movie or hanging out with friends because it feels like you’re 64 time that you could have spent working. Highly competitive, work-oriented cultures 65 this constant pursuit of productivity that affects other areas of life. 66 , you’re often praised for putting productivity above your well-being. Remember how schools rewarded perfect attendance? 67 , companies prefer employees who get the maximum work done while taking the fewest possible breaks. 68 like these stress that rest is bad and that being constantly at work is the right thing to do. Sometimes called “ 69 capitalism,” this mindset pushes people to force their minds and bodies to work even though they’re 70 . The problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it, but rather the social pressure to find self-worth in work achievements encourages people to dedicate their free time to extra work, 71 the family dinners to cat in front of a computer, and take work devices on vacations so they can wrap up a project on the plane. There’s a difference between enjoying work, working a lot, and feeling compelled to work 72 whether you enjoy it. Popular quotes like “if you do what you love, you don’t work a single day in life” may normalize overworking under the assumption that if you’re 73 about something, you won’t ever get tired. As people place more and more importance on work, it becomes harder to justify something if it doesn’t lead to productivity. Some writers have even begun describing rest as 74 , as if people should stop relaxing if it doesn’t improve performance in some way. Not only does this mindset make it difficult to view and celebrate your achievements, but it also pushes you to build your entire life around work. The only milestones that mater are achieving work goals. The worst part? There’s no sense of 75 when you reach these goals. 61．A．hesitating B．learning C．agreeing D．failing 62．A．assuring B．convincing C．robbing D．accusing 63．A．alone B．extra C．later D．reluctantly 64．A．finding B．investing C．wasting D．saving 65．A．discourage B．evolve C．normalize D．criticize 66．A．In fact B．In other words C．On the contrary D．By comparison 67．A．Reversely B．Consequently C．Alternatively D．Similarly 68．A．Shares B．Breaks C．Habits D．Rewards 69．A．internalized B．rejected C．civilized D．classified 70．A．standing out B．breaking down C．catching up D．showing off 71．A．take B．enjoy C．skip D．extend 72．A．irrespective of B．associated with C．as a result of D．in spite of 73．A．particular B．passionate C．pessimistic D．curious 74．A．essential B．desirable C．productive D．imaginary 75．A．humor B．fulfillment C．timing D．justice 6 When I was a child, mealtimes were treasured family moments. My favorite dish was spaghetti pomodoro, simple pasta in tomato sauce. Our meals 76 fresh vegetables, fruits, and, in our teenage years, a glass of red wine. Occasionally, I enjoyed a few slices of prosciutto (熏火腿) , and outdoor sports kept me active. This traditional Mediterranean diet, rooted in centuries of cultural heritage, kept me healthy and proved to be beneficial for the 77 well-being as well. In 2020, the Mediterranean diet celebrated its tenth anniversary as a UNESCO-designated “Cultural Heritage of Humanity.” Yet, surprisingly, Italians are 78 this healthy lifestyle. Fast food consumption is rising, portions are growing, and fewer families sit down for 79 together. Alarmingly, Italian children now rank among the most overweight in Europe, according to a World Health Organization study. This issue extends beyond Italy to become a(n) 80 crisis. Malnutrition is a(n) 81 problem: while hunger is rising globally, with 821 million people undernourished, two billion people are overweight. 82 , one-third of all food produced is wasted. Livestock farming alone consumes two-thirds of agricultural land and accounts for half of agriculture-related greenhouse gas emissions. Without immediate changes, this cycle will 83 . By 2050, the global population is expected to 84 by 2.3 billion, intensifying the demand for meat. Since the mid-20th century, the food system has prioritized quantity over quality, 85 vast food waste. A fundamental shift is urgently needed to focus on producing healthier, more sustainable food. The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals offer a roadmap to end hunger, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture. 86 these goals requires governments to support sustainable farming practices, reduce food waste, and ensure healthy food is both accessible and affordable. Taxing unhealthy food is not enough; fruits and vegetables must become both profitable for farmers and 87 for consumers. Companies must also 88 . At Barilla, we work with farmers to sustainably grow durum wheat, combining traditional crop rotation with modern tools like advanced weather forecasting. This improves efficiency, lowers costs, and enhances quality. 89 , sustainability must be joyful, not punitive. Food should remain colorful, appetizing, and social. The Mediterranean diet reminds us to 90 vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, reduce meat consumption, and enjoy meals together. By embracing these habits, we can nourish our health and protect the planet for generations to come. 76．A．offered B．matched C．featured D．listed 77．A．cook’s B．planet’s C．nation’s D．teenager’s 78．A．taking up B．sticking to C．switching to D．moving away from 79．A．meals B．rules C．gossip D．entertainment 80．A．European B．Asian C．global D．regional 81．A．social B．contradictory C．medical D．unlimited 82．A．Necessarily B．Meaningfully C．Morally D．Shockingly 83．A．worsen B．stabilize C．swing D．restore 84．A．decline B．grow C．double D．reach 85．A．ranked as B．contributing to C．reserved for D．resulting from 86．A．Defining B．Setting C．Achieving D．Assessing 87．A．affordable B．delicious C．edible D．luxurious 88．A．leave out B．fade away C．melt down D．step up 89．A．Consequently B．However C．Moreover D．Initially 90．A．escape B．forecast C．conserve D．prioritize 7 Every year, the world loses some of its 7,000 languages. Parents stop speaking them to their children, words are forgotten and communities lose the ability to read their own 91 . The UN’s culture agency, UNESCO, said predictions that half of the world’s languages will have died out by the end of the century are 92 . Some are disappearing with their last 93 . Thousands are 94 because they are not being spoken widely enough or used in formal settings such as schools or workplaces. The rate of loss is 95 , from one every three months a decade ago to one every 40 days in 2019 — meaning nine languages die a year. A quiet 96 is under way in communities that feel their traditions are drowned out. Tochi Precious, a Nigerian living in Abuja, said: “It pains my heart every day to see that a language is 97 , because it’s not just about the language, it’s also about the people, the history associated with it and the culture. When it is gone, everything linked to it is gone too.” Precious said it was this 98 that made her join efforts to save Igbo, a west African language that was predicted to disappear in 2024. Ensuring there is a(n) 99 of words and meanings, how it is written and how it is used is key, according to campaigners, who help others protect their languages through the organisation Wikitongues. Online encyclopaedia (百科全书) is favoured by language activists as an effective and 100 way to upload media and build dictionaries. Wikitongues, in particular, focuses on 101 languages using collective resources free of charge, such as Wikipedia entries. Many language activists also create books, videos and recordings that can be widely 102 . But after 103 , activists then have the challenge of persuading people to use a language. Precious said that even though Igbo is one of Nigeria’s largest languages, many parents believe only English is useful for a child’s future. But she said it gave her pleasure to see the language doing better. “I have realised that, yes, a language can be endangered but then the people who speak the language can also fight for its 104 . Because 2025 is already here, and definitely Igbo is not 105 ,” she said. 91．A．truth B．mind C．thoughts D．scripts 92．A．confident B．optimistic C．correct D．accurate 93．A．speakers B．courses C．barriers D．studies 94．A．endangered B．different C．informal D．unofficial 95．A．cut B．changed C．quickening D．dropping 96．A．backfire B．outbreak C．offset D．fightback 97．A．cutting off B．dying off C．levelling off D．falling off 98．A．loss B．deal C．identity D．network 99．A．need B．combination C．record D．outcome 100．A．conventional B．permanent C．precise D．affordable 101．A．analysing B．documenting C．developing D．translating 102．A．admired B．expected C．respected D．shared 103．A．innovation B．reservation C．preservation D．motivation 104．A．survival B．right C．country D．independence 105．A．universal B．dominant C．restored D．extinct 8 We all know someone like it. You probably work with or are even related to one. And with Christmas approaching, the season of office parties and family gatherings, you’re increasingly likely to have to 106 with one and rediscover just how annoying they are. We’re talking about the ‘know-it-all’. Individuals who will enthusiastically 107 you about any topic or area, despite clearly having little to no expert knowledge in what they’re talking about. And often, even though 108 do. Why would anyone assume 109 knowledge to everyone else, about every possible subject matter? One is the phenomenon of ‘naive realism’, which describes how people instinctively assume that their 110 of the world reflects objective reality. In reality, everything we see and ‘know’ about the world passes through our brain’s shortcuts, biases, emotional memories, and other mental processes. What we believe is reality in our heads is often noticeably different from what is reality, but we don’t recognize this happening. 111 , we regularly encounter people who see the world from another perspective. But naive realism means we assume that those who understand the world differently are 112 . For a seemingly large number of people, this results in an irresistible urge to ‘correct’ others. It may be 100 per cent well intended, but that doesn’t make it any less 113 . However, this can’t be the 114 story. Many people experience naive realism, yet never do or say anything about it. True know-it-alls don’t actually wait for you to make a mistake before 115 to you. This suggests something beyond naive realism that drives know-it-all behavior. Another cognitive bias (认知偏差) at work, proposed in a recent study by Gehlbach, Robinson, and Fletcher, is ‘the illusion of information adequacy’. Put simply, this describes how though many people 116 sufficient information to make accurate judgments about something, they’ll assume the opposite. It’s logically very hard to 117 what we don’t know. Then there’s the Dunning-Kruger effect: the cognitive bias where people with limited competence in a certain area tend to 118 their abilities. Their lack of smart thinking means they struggle to acknowledge when someone else knows more than them, meaning they dare to argue with those who are better informed. And because people often respond more to 119 than accuracy, they often get away with it. If this happens often enough, across enough subjects, they could convince themselves that they’re 120 on pretty much everything, even though the opposite is true. 106．A．cooperate B．interact C．compete D．identify 107．A．mislead B．question C．encourage D．lecture 108．A．you B．some C．many D．they 109．A．realistic B．practical C．superior D．objective 110．A．domination B．perception C．assessment D．exploitation 111．A．On the contrary B．In other words C．By the way D．As a result 112．A．wrong B．normal C．imaginative D．unprofessional 113．A．controversial B．bothersome C．manageable D．puzzling 114．A．real B．personal C．full D．same 115．A．talking down B．reaching out C．turning around D．holding on 116．A．gain B．require C．lack D．display 117．A．understand B．apply C．explain D．recognize 118．A．distrust B．overestimate C．redefine D．misuse 119．A．confidence B．status C．fluency D．quantity 120．A．advocates B．innovators C．experts D．optimists 9 When I moved from New York City to Washington D．C． three months ago, I had to call cable and utility companies to cancel the services to my old apartment and fix the Internet service in the new one. It was both time-consuming and 121 . Each time I called, I was greeted by an automatic answering system that tried to navigate me to a solution. When that 122 , I hit the button for a customer service representative. That was when the real pain started. All the representatives, I was told, were currently 123 and the estimated waiting time was 18 minutes in one case and 32 minutes in another. I sank into despair once when the phone was 124 accidentally after it had waited for nearly 15 minutes accompanied by service promotion ads and monotonous music from the other end. At that moment, I did 125 my bank and utility companies in China where customer representatives seem always 126 available. I don’t know how many people like to talk to a 127 . But this is an area where lots of jobs can be created in the United States, especially when 128 is still high — 7.7 percent in February, though the lowest since December 2008. That 129 explains why when China created 12.66 million urban jobs in 2012, the US created only 1.8 million. And mind you, those Chinese jobs weren’t taken from Americans despite the fact that many US politicians and average workers seem to think so, and even use it as an 130 to gain political capital. Two economists, Robert Z. Lawrence from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and Lawrence Edwards from the University of Cape Town shed light on the 131 during their talk at the Peterson Institute in Washington on Tuesday. After conducting an extensive survey of empirical literature (实证文献) to date and, more importantly, carrying out their own in-depth 132 of the evidence, they concluded that rapid 133 in emerging economies (新兴经济体) is part of the solution to the US economic problems rather than their cause. The 134 contradict several popular theories on the 135 impact on the US of its trade with developing countries such as China and India. 121．A．enjoyable B．essential C．painful D．dull 122．A．stopped B．continued C．improved D．failed 123．A．busy B．angry C．tired D．away 124．A．sold out B．cut off C．taken away D．broken into 125．A．hate B．understand C．miss D．forget 126．A．permanently B．readily C．temporarily D．financially 127．A．customer B．representative C．machine D．politician 128．A．expectation B．unemployment C．temperature D．estimation 129．A．probably B．unconvincingly C．traditionally D．inadequately 130．A．ability B．objective C．impression D．excuse 131．A．major B．job C．subject D．service 132．A．analyses B．experiments C．plans D．decisions 133．A．decline B．growth C．disappearance D．discovery 134．A．effects B．instructions C．predictions D．conclusions 135．A．great B．immediate C．negative D．invisible 10 My 91-year-old grandfather called me to 136 his new hearing aid. For the first time in a long time, he could hear my voice. It 137 us both. I soon found out there was another reason my grandparents were so happy — their new audiologist (听觉病矫治专家), Anna. Unlike the 138 providers they’d been dealing with, Anna gave time and attention. Anna not only 139 the new hearing aid worked as it should, but also offered to go to my grandparents’ apartment to show them how to use it. Such 140 might sound rare, but I’ve since started wondering: What if it’s more common than we think? It started with some research that showed people often underestimate (低估) the 141 of strangers to engage with, or even befriend them. Then I came across a study that 142 news coverage of current affairs tends to be negative because humans tend to give negative events more attention. 143 stories can attract our attention and prepare us for disappointment. But if we don’t engage with positive ones, they might lead us to be more critical of the world, more defensive and less 144 than we need to be. So I think sometimes what we hear, see, or even know might not be the whole picture. The truth might be 145 from us, requiring us to notice and discover it. We could start by asking ourselves whether we are 146 more on negative or positive stories. Maybe even paying more attention to good news or 147 good news will help. Anna’s attitude was remarkable. She 148 the call of duty and, upon leaving, 149 to accept anything but words as thanks. Why not 150 ourselves that behind the bad scenes lie untold stories of extraordinary good? 136．A．test B．repair C．admire D．purchase 137．A．frightened B．shocked C．thrilled D．annoyed 138．A．familiar B．enthusiastic C．similar D．previous 139．A．made B．ensured C．expected D．proposed 140．A．kindness B．generosity C．bravery D．intelligence 141．A．refusal B．willingness C．impression D．confusion 142．A．recognized B．protested C．guaranteed D．suggested 143．A．Positive B．Active C．Negative D．Controversial 144．A．hopeful B．aggressive C．violent D．doubtful 145．A．recycled B．hidden C．revealed D．adapted 146．A．calling B．influencing C．concentrating D．waiting 147．A．hiding B．assessing C．proposing D．sharing 148．A．went beyond B．gave up C．went through D．gave away 149．A．embraced B．resisted C．agreed D．refused 150．A．challenge B．inform C．remind D．advise 1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $