第8讲 被动语态-核心语法 重难点专项突破 任务单 2026届高考英语一轮复习

高考核心语法·精练 第8讲 被动语态2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、被动语态基础结构及分时态应用表 此表格梳理被动语态的核心结构及时态适配规则，明确不同时态下被动语态的构成逻辑，是语法填空 “动词形式填写” 的基础考点，覆盖高频时态的被动表达。 结构类型 时态类别 具体结构 示例 核心结构（be + 过去分词） 一般现在时 am/is/are + done Rice is grown in the south of the country. 一般过去时 was/were + done The door was repaired by him yesterday. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + done The rooms are being painted red by her. 过去进行时 was/were + being + done Trees were being planted here this time last year. 一般将来时 will be + done A new library will be built between the buildings. 现在完成时 have/has been + done I have been informed of the date of the sports meeting. 过去完成时 had been + done The magazine had been returned before I arrived. 补充结构 含情态动词 情态动词（can/must/should）+ be + done Your room must be cleaned every day. 口语常用（get + 过去分词） get + done His phone got stolen on the bus yesterday. 注意事项： 1. be 动词需结合主语单复数及时态调整，如主语单数 + 一般过去时用 was，主语复数 + 现在进行时用 are，不可固定使用某一形式； 2. “get + 过去分词” 仅用于口语，强调动作结果，正式书面语优先用 “be + 过去分词”； 3. 过去分词形式固定，需重点记忆不规则动词的过去分词（如 eat-eaten、break-broken），避免形式错误。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Many kinds of fresh fruits ________ (sell) in this small supermarket every day. 【答案】are sold 【解析】考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：这家小超市每天都出售多种新鲜水果。根据表格规则，一般现在时被动语态结构为 “am/is/are + 过去分词”，主语 “fruits” 为复数，“sell” 的过去分词为 “sold”，故填 are sold。 2. The ancient castle ________ (build) by local people hundreds of years ago. 【答案】was built 【解析】考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：这座古堡是几百年前当地人建造的。根据表格规则，一般过去时被动语态结构为 “was/were + 过去分词”，时间标志词 “hundreds of years ago” 提示时态，主语 “castle” 为单数，“build” 的过去分词为 “built”，故填 was built。 3. A new bridge ________ (be) built over the river now, and it will benefit nearby residents. 【答案】is being 【解析】考查现在进行时被动语态。句意：一座新桥正在河上修建，它将使附近居民受益。根据表格规则，现在进行时被动语态结构为 “am/is/are + being + 过去分词”，时间标志词 “now” 提示时态，主语 “bridge” 为单数，故填 is being。 4. By the end of last term, all the textbooks ________ (return) to the school library by the students. 【答案】had been returned 【解析】考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：到上学期末，所有课本都已被学生们归还到学校图书馆。根据表格规则，过去完成时被动语态结构为 “had been + 过去分词”，时间标志词 “By the end of last term” 提示时态，“return” 的过去分词为 “returned”，故填 had been returned。 5. This difficult problem ________ (must solve) before the important meeting begins tomorrow. 【答案】must be solved 【解析】考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：这个难题必须在明天重要会议开始前解决。根据表格规则，含情态动词的被动语态结构为 “情态动词 + be + 过去分词”，“solve” 的过去分词为 “solved”，故填 must be solved。 二、被动语态典型句式及特殊转换表 此表格梳理被动语态的基础句式，以及双宾语、复合宾语、动词短语的被动转换规则，解决 “特殊句子结构变被动” 的难点，适配日常语法应用及题型考查需求。 类型 规则说明 示例（主动→被动） 基础句式 肯定句：主语 + be + 过去分词 (+by...)；否定句：主语 + be+not + 过去分词；一般疑问句：Be + 主语 + 过去分词？ 肯定句：The door was closed by him.；否定句：These books are not kept in the library.；疑问句：Is this plate made of silver? 双宾语结构 1. 间接宾语作主语：原间接宾语 + be + 过去分词 + 直接宾语 (+by...)；2. 直接宾语作主语：原直接宾语 + be + 过去分词 + to/for + 原间接宾语 (+by...) 主动：The teacher gave Tom a book.→被动 1：Tom was given a book by the teacher.；被动 2：A book was given to Tom by the teacher. 复合宾语结构 宾语作主语，宾补保留为 “主语补足语”；感官 / 使役动词（see/make 等）后 “不带 to 不定式” 需还原 to 主动：We often hear him play the guitar.→被动：He is often heard to play the guitar by us. 动词短语结构 动词短语的介词 / 副词不可省略，需随动词一起变为被动 主动：We should get rid of such a bad habit.→被动：Such a bad habit should be got rid of. 注意事项： 1. 双宾语转换时，间接宾语前加 to（适用于 bring/give/send 等动词）、加 for（适用于 buy/cook/make 等动词），不可混淆； 2. 感官动词（see/hear/feel 等）和使役动词（make/let/have 等）的主动结构中，宾补 “不带 to”，变被动后必须还原 to，避免遗漏； 3. 动词短语（如 look forward to、take care of）变被动时，介词 / 副词不可省略，需保持短语完整性。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. These old photos ________ (not take) by a professional photographer, but they look very beautiful. 【答案】were not taken 【解析】考查被动语态否定句。句意：这些旧照片不是专业摄影师拍的，但看起来非常漂亮。根据表格规则，被动语态否定句结构为 “be + not + 过去分词”，结合语境可知时态为一般过去时，主语 “photos” 为复数，“take” 的过去分词为 “taken”，故填 were not taken。 2. Our teacher often tells us interesting stories.（改为被动语态） Interesting stories ________ often ________ to us by our teacher. 【答案】are; told 【解析】考查双宾语结构被动转换。句意：我们老师经常给我们讲有趣的故事。根据表格规则，直接宾语 “interesting stories” 作主语时，被动结构为 “be + 过去分词 + to + 间接宾语”，主语为复数，一般现在时，“tell” 的过去分词为 “told”，故填 are; told。 3. People heard the little girl sing a sweet song in the park yesterday.（改为被动语态） The little girl ________ ________ to sing a sweet song in the park yesterday. 【答案】was heard 【解析】考查复合宾语结构被动转换。句意：昨天人们听到这个小女孩在公园里唱了一首甜美的歌。根据表格规则，感官动词 “hear” 的主动结构变被动时，宾补 “不带 to 不定式” 需还原 to，时态为一般过去时，主语为单数，故填 was heard。 4. We should take good care of the disabled children in our community.（改为被动语态） The disabled children in our community should ________ ________ good care of. 【答案】be taken 【解析】考查动词短语被动转换。句意：我们应该好好照顾社区里的残疾儿童。根据表格规则，动词短语 “take care of” 变被动时不可省略介词，结构为 “be + 过去分词”，“take” 的过去分词为 “taken”，故填 be taken。 5. ________ this valuable watch ________ (make) of gold by skilled workers? 【答案】Is; made 【解析】考查被动语态一般疑问句。句意：这块珍贵的手表是熟练工人用黄金制成的吗？根据表格规则，被动语态一般疑问句结构为 “Be + 主语 + 过去分词？”，主语 “watch” 为单数，一般现在时，“make” 的过去分词为 “made”，故填 Is; made。 三、主动表被动的特殊场景表 此表格梳理 “主动形式表被动含义” 的高频场景，解决 “无需显性被动结构却含被动意义” 的问题，覆盖日常语境中常见的特殊表达。 特殊场景类型 规则说明 示例 系动词 + 表语 感官类（look/smell/taste）、变化类（get/go）、保持类（keep/remain）系动词 + 表语，主动表被动 The flowers smell sweet.；He got excited when he heard the good news. 动词 + 副词 write/read/sell/wash 等动词 + 副词（well/smoothly/easily），表主语属性，主动表被动 Organic vegetables sell well in this market.；This fancy pen writes smoothly. measure/weigh 接短语 表 “测量 / 称重起来”，后接数量短语，主动表被动 The new carpet measures three by four meters.；The heavy stone weighs over 100 pounds. want/need/require/deserve+doing 主语为物，“doing” 表被动，等同于 “to be done” The machine requires checking regularly. = The machine requires to be checked regularly. be worth doing/be to blame be worth doing 表 “值得做”，be to blame 表 “该受责备”，主动表被动 The old town is worth visiting.；The poor management is to blame for the failure. be + 形容词 + 不定式 表 “难以 / 易于做”，形容词（hard/easy/pleasant）+ 不定式，主动表被动 The door is hard to open in winter.；The song is pleasant to listen to. 注意事项： 1. 所有 “主动表被动” 场景的主语均为 “物”，主语为人时不可使用，如不可说 “He sells well”，需说 “His books sell well”； 2. 仅特定动词（如 sell/wash/measure）可用于 “主动表被动”，不可随意扩展到其他动词； 3. “be worth doing” 中 doing 主动表被动，而 “be worthy of” 后需接 “being done”，二者不可混淆（如 “The book is worth reading” 正确，“The book is worth being read” 错误）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The flowers in the garden ________ (smell) very sweet and attract many bees every spring. 【答案】smell 【解析】考查系动词 + 表语主动表被动。句意：花园里的花闻起来很香，每年春天都吸引许多蜜蜂。根据表格规则，感官系动词 “smell” 后接表语，主动形式表被动含义，主语 “flowers” 为复数，故填 smell。 2. This kind of cloth ________ (wash) easily, so it is very popular among housewives. 【答案】washes 【解析】考查动词 + 副词主动表被动。句意：这种布容易洗，所以很受家庭主妇的欢迎。根据表格规则，“wash” 后接副词 “easily”，表主语属性，主动形式表被动含义，主语 “cloth” 为单数，故填 washes。 3. The large wooden table ________ (measure) two meters long and one meter wide. 【答案】measures 【解析】考查 measure 接短语主动表被动。句意：这张大型木桌长两米，宽一米。根据表格规则，“measure” 表 “测量起来” 时，主动形式表被动含义，主语 “table” 为单数，故填 measures。 4. The old temple in the countryside ________ (be) worth visiting, so many tourists come here every year. 【答案】is 【解析】考查 be worth doing 主动表被动。句意：乡下的这座古寺值得一游，所以每年都有很多游客来这里。根据表格规则，“be worth doing” 结构中主动形式表被动含义，主语 “temple” 为单数，一般现在时，故填 is。 5. The broken door ________ (need) repair as soon as possible to ensure safety. 【答案】needs 【解析】考查 want/need+doing 主动表被动。句意：这扇破损的门需要尽快修理以确保安全。根据表格规则，“need doing” 结构中主动形式表被动含义，等同于 “need to be done”，主语 “door” 为单数，故填 needs。 四、易混易错点及特殊注意点表 此表格梳理 “无被动的动词 / 短语” 及 “特殊被动表达”，规避常见语法错误，覆盖易混淆的被动语态应用场景。 类别 规则说明 示例 无被动的不及物动词 happen/occur/exist 等不及物动词，无被动语态，仅用主动 The unexpected event happened during the morning meeting.；A brilliant idea occurred to him. 无被动的不及物动词短语 come out/consist of/belong to/date from 等短语，无被动，仅用主动 The team consists of five experienced members.；The castle dates back to the 12th century. 特殊被动表达（under + 抽象名词） “under + 抽象名词”（repair/construction/discussion 等）表 “正在被……”，含被动意义 The old bridge is under repair and will reopen next month.；The subway line is under construction. 无宾语时用被动的动词 dress/devote/apply 等动词，无宾语时需用被动结构（be dressed/be devoted 等） She was dressed in a red coat when I saw her.；All efforts must be applied to solving this problem. 注意事项： 1. 不及物动词（如 happen/occur）无被动语态，不可说 “was happened/was occurred”，需用主动形式； 2. 不及物动词短语（如 belong to/date from）作定语时，需用现在分词形式（如 “The necklace belonging to her mother”），不可用过去分词； 3. “under + 抽象名词” 仅适用于特定抽象名词（如 repair/construction/discussion），不可随意搭配其他名词（如不可说 “The problem is under solve”，需说 “The problem is under discussion”）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. A sudden heavy rain ________ (happen) when we were on our way to the picnic last Sunday. 【答案】happened 【解析】考查无被动的不及物动词。句意：上周日我们去野餐的路上，突然下了一场大雨。根据表格规则，“happen” 是不及物动词，无被动语态，结合 “last Sunday” 用一般过去时，故填 happened。 2. The successful project ________ (consist) of three main parts, which are all completed by our team. 【答案】consists 【解析】考查无被动的不及物动词短语。句意：这个成功的项目由三个主要部分组成，均由我们团队完成。根据表格规则，“consist of” 是不及物动词短语，无被动语态，主语 “project” 为单数，一般现在时，故填 consists。 3. The old hospital in our town ________ (be) under repair now, and it will be put into use next year. 【答案】is 【解析】考查特殊被动表达（under + 抽象名词）。句意：我们镇上的老医院现在正在修缮中，明年将投入使用。根据表格规则，“under repair” 表 “正在被修理”，含被动意义，主语 “hospital” 为单数，一般现在时，故填 is。 4. The little girl ________ (dress) in a pink skirt when she attended her friend's birthday party. 【答案】was dressed 【解析】考查无宾语时用被动的动词。句意：这个小女孩参加朋友的生日派对时，穿着一条粉色的裙子。根据表格规则，“dress” 无宾语时需用被动结构 “be dressed”，结合 “attended” 可知时态为一般过去时，主语为单数，故填 was dressed。 5. The valuable necklace ________ (belong) to my grandmother for more than fifty years. 【答案】belongs 【解析】考查无被动的不及物动词短语。句意：这条珍贵的项链属于我奶奶已经五十多年了。根据表格规则，“belong to” 是不及物动词短语，无被动语态，主语 “necklace” 为单数，一般现在时，故填 belongs。 一、语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025高三上·江苏·专题练习）Last Year, large amounts of money (spend) on building the bridge. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were spent 【详解】考查时态语态以及主谓一致。句意：去年，为了建造这座桥花费了大量的钱。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语“Last Year”可知，句子时态为一般过去时态，且该动词和主语之间为被动关系，所以该句话使用一般过去时态的被动语态。large amounts of“大量的……”，该短语加名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。故填were spent。 2．（2024高三上·浙江·专题练习）Citizens of higher social classes (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】were permitted 【详解】考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。 3．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were used 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：车厢由蒸汽机拉动，对于乘客而言在浓烟和噪音下乘车肯定是相当不舒服的。主语Steam engines和谓语动词use是被动关系，且由句中的must have been可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的事情，设空处用一般过去时的被动语态。又因主语是名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。故填were used。 4．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）As they (give) an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were given 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：由于收到了英国广播公司(BBC)现场直播的邀请，披头士很快就通过全国巡演在英国成名。主语they与谓语动词give是被动关系，且与句中已有的谓语became时态一致，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。填were given。 5．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）There, they (welcome) to the Chinese style compound where they were to live. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were welcomed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在那里，他们被欢迎到他们要居住的中国式大院。根据从句谓语were可知，主句用一般过去时，主语they与welcome是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were welcomed。 6．（2021高三上·浙江·专题练习）Many a large and big business (have) been built up from small ones. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：许多大企业都是由小企业发展起来的。此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应使用现在完成时，且主语business和build之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，已有been built up，空处需填助动词，主语Many a large and big business为单数概念，助动词用has。故填has。 7．（2021高三上·浙江·专题练习）Only 60 percent of the work (be) done yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：仅仅60%的工作昨天被完成。根据yesterday可知，是一般过去时；由于主语是 the work，因此要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was。 8．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）It was said that the flight to New York (cancel) due to the foggy weather. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been canceled/ had been cancelled 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：据说飞往纽约的航班因大雾天气而取消了。空处应填从句谓语动词的形式，从句动作发生在主句动作之前且flight与cancel之间为被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been canceled/cancelled。 9．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Family-friendly facilities (develop) in the following years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be developed 【详解】考查一般将来时和被动语态。句意：在接下来几年，适合家用的设施将会被研发。根据句意可知这里缺少谓语动词，时间状语“in the following years”说明是一般将来时，主语“facilities”和谓语动词“develop”之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故填will be developed。 10．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）People (influence) to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people to describe their relationship to iPad and similar devices. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been influenced 【详解】考查时态。句意：人们已经被影响而对科技上瘾。一项调查报告称，“上瘾”是人们最常使用的词，用来描述他们与iPad和类似设备的关系。分析句子，设空处作谓语，句子表述动作发生在过去，对现在有影响故使用现在完成时。同时people和influence之间是被动关系，故使用现在完成时被动语态，people(人们)作主语，谓语动词用复数。故填have been influenced。 11．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）An organization called Campus Cosmic Ray Observation Collaboration (establish) in September 2020 to promote the idea. Zhang, head of the organization, said they plan to build more stations on school campuses across China. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was established 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：2020年9月，一个名为“校园宇宙射线观测协作”的组织成立，以推广这一理念。该组织的负责人张说，他们计划在中国各地的校园建设更多的站点。根据句子中的时间状语in September 2020表明时态是一般过去时，主语An organization和动词establish为被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数。故填was established。 12．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）It was a part of town, I realized, that I (warn) about, but nothing happened to me, and as soon as we were near the bright lights of the main road, my “guide” just (disappear). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 had been warned disappeared 【详解】考查时态。句意：我意识到，这是城镇的一部分，我曾被警告过，但我什么也没发生，当我们靠近主干道的明亮灯光时，我的“向导”就消失了。分析句子，第一空应该使用动词作谓语，此处表示过去的过去，故使用过去完成时，同时I和warn之间是被动关系，故使用过去完成时的被动语态。用had been warned；同时，结合句子结构，第二空为句子的谓语动词，结合前句判断设空处应该使用一般过去时，用disappeared。故填had been warned；disappeared。 13．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）S&A is starting to do police work. Earlier this summer, 90 employees   (hire) to guard its doors and check receipts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were hired 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：今年夏天早些时候，90名员工被雇佣守卫其大门并检查收据。hire与主语 employees 为被动关系，故用被动语态，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were hired。 14．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The females: never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that (deposit) in the warm sand. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were deposited 【详解】考查一般过去时被动语态。句意：雌鸟:再也不会到巢里去照顾在温暖的沙子里孵化的蛋了。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示过去发生的动作，故使用一般过去时。同时that指代前文的eggs,其与deposit之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were deposited。 15．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be built 【详解】考查动词。句意：四川不久将修建更多的高速公路，以促进当地经济。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句中soon意为“不久”，表示将来发生的动作，故使用一般将来时。同时more expressways与build之间是被动关系，故使用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be built。 Passage 1 （2023·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 1 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 2 (six) century, B．C． Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 4 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 5 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6 (intend) for everyone. 7 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8 saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【答案】 1. to teach 2. sixth 3. as 4. where 5. borrowing 6. intended 7. Different 8. for 9. warning 10. be employed 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 2. 考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。 7. 考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。 8. 考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。 9. 考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 10. 考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的文字形式已经流传了几个世纪，今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。从句主语a simple literal form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 【点睛】 Passage 2 （2023·全国乙卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 1 royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 2 (build) system of ring roads. But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 3 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural 4 (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 5 somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 6 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 7 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 8   (record) everything I discovered. The 9 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 10 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【答案】 1. to 2. built 3. which/that 4. wonders 5. but 6. Having visited 7. was amazed 8. recording 9. remarkable 10. means 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合，同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师，记录了这座城市的变化，并表示将来还会继续拍摄北京的风貌。 1. 考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知，空处和上文保持一致，表示“从……到……”，用介词to。故填to。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 4. 考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。 5. 考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系，用but。故填but。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。 7. 考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。 9. 考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。 10. 考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。 【点睛】 Passage 3 （2025·浙江·一模）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Amid the cool night breeze of Baiyin, a city 1 (locate)in Northwest China’s Gansu province, the scent of herbs fills the air as crowds gather around cupping stations and pulse-reading 2 (stand). These lively scenes unfold at the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Night Market in Wansheng Park, 3 millennia-old wisdom comes alive, becoming a trend for Generation Z. “The heat leaves me drained and sleepy,” says 21-year-old Yu Huiyan as she extends her wrist for a pulse diagnosis. The doctor diagnoses her weak pulse and fatigue, prescribing a blend of 4 (herb)medicine to boost energy and improve digestion. After positive results from previous TCM treatments, Yu and her peers 5 (draw)to TCM in recent years. At the market, acupuncture, cupping, massage and herbs are 6 (increasing)popular. Han Long, 7 TCM physician with a decade of experience at Baiyin First People’s Hospital, 8 (stress)that classic texts like Huangdi Neijing are key 9 understanding health. He hopes more young people will embrace TCM 10 (enhance)their own health and that of their families. The growing trend of TCM night markets is also helping a new generation of practitioners like Han step into the spotlight, widening TCM’s reach beyond traditional circles and ensuring that its legacy endures. 【答案】 1. located 2. stands 3. where 4. herbal 5. have been drawn 6. increasingly 7. a 8. stresses 9. to 10. to enhance 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国西北甘肃省白银市万胜公园的中医夜市，展现了中医这一千年智慧在当代的活力，尤其受到Z世代的喜爱，以及中医夜市对推广中医和新一代从业者的积极影响。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在位于中国西北甘肃省的白银市凉爽的夜风中，草药的香气弥漫在空气中，人群聚集在拔罐站和把脉处周围。句中已有谓语动词fills，空处应填非谓语动词，逻辑主语a city与locate之间是被动关系，需用过去分词作后置定语。故填located。 2. 考查名词的数。句意：在位于中国西北甘肃省的白银市凉爽的夜风中，草药的香气弥漫在空气中，人群聚集在拔罐站和把脉处周围。空处应填名词作宾语，stand“摊位”是可数名词，结合 cupping stations（复数）可知，此处需用复数形式表示多个把脉处。故填stands。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：这些热闹的场景发生在万胜公园的中医夜市，在那里，千年智慧焕发生机，成为 Z 世代的潮流。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Traditional Chinese Medicine Night Market in Wansheng Park，定语从句中缺少地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 4. 考查形容词。句意：医生诊断出她脉搏微弱、疲劳，开了一种草药配方来提神和改善消化。medicine是名词，需用形容词修饰，herb的形容词形式为herbal（草药的）。故填herbal。 5. 考查时态语态。句意：在之前的中医治疗取得积极效果后，余和她的同龄人近年来被中医所吸引。主语Yu and her peers与draw之间是被动关系，且in recent years提示用现在完成时，主语为复数，助动词用have。故填have been drawn。 6. 考查副词。句意：在这个市场里，针灸、拔罐、按摩和草药越来越受欢迎。popular是形容词，需用副词修饰，increasing的副词形式为increasingly（越来越多地）。故填increasingly。 7. 考查不定冠词。句意：白银市第一人民医院有十年经验的中医韩龙强调，像《黄帝内经》这样的经典文献是理解健康的关键。TCM physician是可数名词单数，此处泛指“一位中医”，且TCM以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。 8. 考查时态。句意：白银市第一人民医院有十年经验的中医韩龙强调，像《黄帝内经》这样的经典文献是理解健康的关键。主语Han Long是第三人称单数，文章整体用一般现在时，故谓语动词stress用第三人称单数形式stresses。故填stresses。 9. 考查固定搭配。句意：白银市第一人民医院有十年经验的中医韩龙强调，像《黄帝内经》这样的经典文献是理解健康的关键。be key to...是固定搭配，意为“是……的关键”，to为介词。故填to。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他希望更多的年轻人接受中医，以改善自己和家人的健康。此处表示接受中医的目的是改善健康，需用动词不定式to enhance作目的状语。故填to enhance。 Passage 4 （2025·广东·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On March 30, a “taiji for All” event was held in Brussels, 1 five Belgian Taiji associations took turns to take the stage, leading Belgian people closer to Taiji. After that, the movie Taiji Zhang Sanfeng. 2 (star) Jet Li, Michelle Yeoh and other stars, was shown on the spot. Taiji, thought of 3 a treasure of traditional Chinese culture, enjoys worldwide reputation for its philosophical ideas like 4 (harmonious) between man and nature and co-existence of all things. In 2020, Taijquan, based on Taiji philosophy and integrating traditional Chinese health-keeping and combat wisdom, 5 (list) in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity Yu Jiajian, president of the European Taiji Culture Center, performed Yang-style Taiji Saber (刀) on-site. He explained that this set of saber techniques 6 (be) gentle within toughness. Though the movement speed was soft and stable, the movement strength was full of inner power. Fei Shengchao, the Chinese Ambassador to Belgium, who attended 7 event, said that Taiji integrated knowledge and 8 (practice) from multiple fields. Its core ideas had contributed Eastern wisdom to 9 (globe) ecological civilization construction. He hoped the occasion would provide a platform for Belgian Taiji enthusiasts 10 (display) and communicate, enhancing local people’s understanding of Taiji culture. 【答案】 1. where 2. Starring 3. as 4. harmony 5. was listed 6. was 7. the 8. practices 9. global 10. to display 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了3月30日在布鲁塞尔举行了一场“全民太极”活动，多家比利时太极协会参与，现场还放映了电影《太极张三丰》。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：3月30日，一场“全民太极”活动在布鲁塞尔举行，五家比利时太极协会轮流登台，带领比利时人走近太极。“_____ five Belgian Taiji associations took turns to take the stage”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“event”，关系词将其代入定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这一活动中”，是模糊地点，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：之后，现场放映了由李连杰、杨紫琼等明星主演的电影《太极张三丰》。“(star) Jet Li, Michelle Yeoh and other stars”作后置定语，star(由……担任主角)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“movie”之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式表主动。故填Starring。 3. 考查介词。句意：太极被视为中国传统文化的瑰宝，因其“人与自然和谐共生”等哲学理念享誉全球。think of…as…是动词短语，意为“把……看作是，认为……是”，句中使用其过去分词形式作后置定语。故填as。 4. 考查名词。句意：太极被视为中国传统文化的瑰宝，因其“人与自然和谐共生”等哲学理念享誉全球。根据句意及空前介词“like”可知，此处应用名词harmony作宾语，意为“和谐”，抽象名词不可数。故填harmony。 5. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：2020年，基于太极哲学、融合中国传统养生和搏击智慧的太极拳被列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。list (列入)是谓语动词，与主语“Taijquan”之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“In 2020”可知，讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was listed。 6. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他解释说，这套刀法刚中有柔。提示词be (是)是系动词，作谓语，根据上文“explained”可知，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时态，主语“this set”是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was。 7. 考查冠词。句意：中国驻比利时大使费胜潮也出席了此次活动，他说太极融合了多领域的知识和实践。特指上文提到的“全民太极”活动，应用定冠词the限定，表特指。故填the。 8. 考查名词。句意：中国驻比利时大使费胜潮也出席了此次活动，他说太极融合了多领域的知识和实践。名词practice作宾语，与名词“knowledge”是并列关系，意为“实践，实际行动”，结合“from multiple fields”可知，表示多领域的实践，用复数形式。故填practices。 9. 考查形容词。句意：它的核心理念为全球生态文明建设贡献了东方智慧。提示词修饰名词词组“ecological civilization construction”，用形容词global作定语，意为“全球的”。故填global。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他希望这次活动能为比利时太极爱好者提供一个展示和交流的平台，增进当地人对太极文化的了解。结合“provide a platform for Belgian Taiji enthusiasts...”可知，此处应用不定式复合结构“for+逻辑主语+to do”，表示“为比利时太极爱好者提供展示交流的平台”。故填to display。 Passage 5 （2025·湖南永州·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Moscow Zoo hosted a week-long celebration, starting on Sunday, to mark the second birthday of Katyusha, the first giant panda born in Russia. The zoo 1 (decorate) with traditional Chinese elements, including red lanterns and festive displays. Celebrations featured lively dragon dances, tea ceremonies, 2 educational workshops on panda conservation. The parade created a carnival atmosphere, with crowds cheering and laughing as the dragon wove through the pathways. Visitors enjoyed interactive 3 (activity), such as handmade craft sessions and thematic tours showcasing animals native to China. Katyusha, the center of attention, received a specially crafted birthday cake made of bamboo, fruits, and ice carved into the number “2”, 4 (mark) the panda's age in a display combining Chinese tradition with zoological enrichment. Dedicated zookeepers went to great lengths 5 (refresh) her and keep both her mind and body active and enriched Katyusha’s daily life by adding edible (可食用的) decorations and hiding food in new toys. She enjoyed a bamboo playhouse filled with treats, 6 she enthusiastically unpacked to find the 7 (hide) biscuits. Moscow Zoo Director Svetlana Akulova shared updates on Katyusha’s growth, noting that Katyusha is 8 unique example of natural upbringing and a key part of Sino-Russian 9 (science) research on giant pandas. Zhang Wei, minister counselor at China’s embassy in Russia, attended the event, saying: “Katyusha is not only a special 10 (represent) of cultural exchange but also a beloved star on social media in both countries.” 【答案】 1. was decorated 2. and 3. activities 4. marking 5. to refresh 6. which 7. hidden 8. a 9. scientific 10. representative 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了莫斯科动物园为庆祝在俄罗斯出生的首只大熊猫喀秋莎两岁生日而举办的一周庆祝活动。 1. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：动物园用中国传统元素装饰，包括红灯笼和节日装饰。空处为句子的谓语动词，此处描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语the zoo和decorate为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用was。故填was decorated。 2. 考查连词。句意：庆祝活动包括生动的舞龙表演、茶道和关于熊猫保护的教育研讨会。“lively dragon dances, tea ceremonies”和“educational workshops on panda conservation”为并列关系，需用连词and连接。故填and。 3. 考查名词。句意：游客们喜欢互动活动，如手工制作活动和展示中国本土动物的专题旅游。activity为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词复数形式。故填activities。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：作为焦点，喀秋莎收到了一个特别制作的生日蛋糕，由竹子、水果和雕刻成数字“2”的冰制成，将中国传统与生物学丰富性结合在一起，标志着熊猫的年龄。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，mark和the number “2”是逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填marking。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：敬业的动物园管理员竭尽全力让她焕然一新，让她的身心保持活跃，并通过添加可食用的装饰品和在新玩具中隐藏食物来丰富喀秋莎的日常生活。go to great lengths to do sth.为固定短语，意为“竭尽全力做某事”，空处需填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to refresh。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：她喜欢一个装满零食的竹子游戏屋，她热情地打开游戏屋，寻找隐藏的饼干。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a bamboo playhouse，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 7. 考查形容词。句意同上。此处需用形容词修饰名词biscuits；hide的形容词为hidden，意为 “隐藏的”。故填hidden。 8. 考查冠词。句意：莫斯科动物园园长斯维特拉娜·阿库洛娃分享了喀秋莎成长的最新情况，指出卡秋莎是自然养育的独特例子，也是中俄大熊猫科学研究的关键部分。example为可数名词，此处表示泛指“一个独特的例子”，且unique发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 9. 考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词research，需用形容词scientific“科学的”作定语。故填scientific。 10. 考查名词。句意：喀秋莎不仅是文化交流的特别代表，也是两国社交媒体上的明星。special为形容词，修饰名词，空处需填名词representative，表示“代表”，此处表示单数意义，需用名词单数形式。故填representative。 Passage 6 （2025·湖北·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Sayram Lake is located in Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, 1 is a scenic area with ethnic customs, integrating 2 (origin) landscapes like mountains, lakes, grasslands. It is believed that the warm and moist air from the Atlantic Ocean travels a long distance, and 3 (block) by the Tianshan Mountains, thus condensing into precipitation and forming the lake. Surrounded by magnificent snow-capped mountains of the Tianshan range, it 4 (sit) at 2,071 meters altitude. The lake’s crystal-clear blue water is so clear that it is praised as one of the lakes with the highest transparency in China. The whole terrain (地势) slopes 5 (gentle) from the snow mountains down to the lake, creating stunning natural scenery. Wild swans are 6 highlight, especially from April to June. These elegant birds swim in the clear water, forming a beautiful picture with the snow mountains in the background. The best time 7 (visit) is May to October. Summer brings 20°C weather with blooming wildflowers, 8 autumn shows golden mountain views. Self-driving is popular — visitors can drive the 95-kilometer lakeside road and stop to enjoy views. Known as the “Pearl of Tianshan,” Sayram Lake charms visitors 9 its pure beauty. For those who want to fully enjoy the beauty of this lake, local tour guides can offer valuable 10 (guide). It’s perfect for escaping city hustle. 【答案】 1. which 2. original 3. is blocked 4. sits 5. gently 6. a 7. to visit 8. while 9. with 10. guidance 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于中国新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州的赛里木湖，包括其地理位置、形成原因、自然景观、最佳游览时间、游览方式以及当地导游服务等信息，凸显了赛里木湖的纯净之美。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：赛里木湖位于中国新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州，是一个兼具民族风情的风景区，融合了山脉、湖泊、草原等原始景观。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是Sayram Lake，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2. 考查形容词。句意：赛里木湖位于中国新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州，是一个兼具民族风情的风景区，融合了山脉、湖泊、草原等原始景观。空格后为名词landscapes，需用形容词修饰名词；origin的形容词形式为original“原始的”。故填original。 3. 考查动词语态。句意：人们认为，来自大西洋的暖湿气流长途跋涉，被天山山脉阻挡，从而凝结成降水，形成了这个湖泊。句子主语the warm and moist air与动词block之间是被动关系，且整句描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语为不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is blocked。 4. 考查动词时态。句意：它被天山山脉壮丽的雪山环绕，海拔2071米。句子描述赛里木湖的客观位置特征，用一般现在时；主语it为第三人称单数，谓语动词sit需用第三人称单数形式。故填sits。 5. 考查副词。句意：整个地势从雪山向湖泊缓缓倾斜，形成了迷人的自然风光。空格前为动词slopes，需用副词修饰动词；gentle的副词形式为gently“平缓地”。故填gently。 6. 考查冠词。句意：野生天鹅是一大亮点，尤其是在4月至6月期间。highlight为可数名词单数，此处表示“一个亮点”，是泛指概念；且highlight发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。 7. 考查动词不定式。句意：最佳游览时间是5月至10月。名词time后常接动词不定式作后置定语；the best time to visit即“最佳游览时间”。故填to visit。 8. 考查并列连词。句意：夏天带来20℃的天气和盛开的野花，而秋天则呈现出金黄的山景。空格前后分别描述“夏天”和“秋天”的不同景象，存在对比关系；并列连词while可表示“然而、而”，用于连接对比的内容。故填while。 9. 考查介词。句意：被誉为“天山明珠”的赛里木湖，以其纯净之美吸引着游客。此处表示“凭借（用）其纯净之美吸引游客”，介词with可表示“用、凭借”；charm sb. with sth.为常用搭配，意为“用某物吸引某人”。故填with。 10. 考查名词。句意：对于那些想充分欣赏这片湖泊之美的人来说，当地导游可以提供宝贵的指导。空格前为形容词valuable，需用名词作offer的宾语；guide的名词形式为guidance“指导”，且为不可数名词。故填guidance。 1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考核心语法·精练 第8讲 被动语态2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、被动语态基础结构及分时态应用表 此表格梳理被动语态的核心结构及时态适配规则，明确不同时态下被动语态的构成逻辑，是语法填空 “动词形式填写” 的基础考点，覆盖高频时态的被动表达。 结构类型 时态类别 具体结构 示例 核心结构（be + 过去分词） 一般现在时 am/is/are + done Rice is grown in the south of the country. 一般过去时 was/were + done The door was repaired by him yesterday. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + done The rooms are being painted red by her. 过去进行时 was/were + being + done Trees were being planted here this time last year. 一般将来时 will be + done A new library will be built between the buildings. 现在完成时 have/has been + done I have been informed of the date of the sports meeting. 过去完成时 had been + done The magazine had been returned before I arrived. 补充结构 含情态动词 情态动词（can/must/should）+ be + done Your room must be cleaned every day. 口语常用（get + 过去分词） get + done His phone got stolen on the bus yesterday. 注意事项： 1. be 动词需结合主语单复数及时态调整，如主语单数 + 一般过去时用 was，主语复数 + 现在进行时用 are，不可固定使用某一形式； 2. “get + 过去分词” 仅用于口语，强调动作结果，正式书面语优先用 “be + 过去分词”； 3. 过去分词形式固定，需重点记忆不规则动词的过去分词（如 eat-eaten、break-broken），避免形式错误。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Many kinds of fresh fruits ________ (sell) in this small supermarket every day. 2. The ancient castle ________ (build) by local people hundreds of years ago. 3. A new bridge ________ (be) built over the river now, and it will benefit nearby residents. 4. By the end of last term, all the textbooks ________ (return) to the school library by the students. 5. This difficult problem ________ (must solve) before the important meeting begins tomorrow. 二、被动语态典型句式及特殊转换表 此表格梳理被动语态的基础句式，以及双宾语、复合宾语、动词短语的被动转换规则，解决 “特殊句子结构变被动” 的难点，适配日常语法应用及题型考查需求。 类型 规则说明 示例（主动→被动） 基础句式 肯定句：主语 + be + 过去分词 (+by...)；否定句：主语 + be+not + 过去分词；一般疑问句：Be + 主语 + 过去分词？ 肯定句：The door was closed by him.；否定句：These books are not kept in the library.；疑问句：Is this plate made of silver? 双宾语结构 1. 间接宾语作主语：原间接宾语 + be + 过去分词 + 直接宾语 (+by...)；2. 直接宾语作主语：原直接宾语 + be + 过去分词 + to/for + 原间接宾语 (+by...) 主动：The teacher gave Tom a book.→被动 1：Tom was given a book by the teacher.；被动 2：A book was given to Tom by the teacher. 复合宾语结构 宾语作主语，宾补保留为 “主语补足语”；感官 / 使役动词（see/make 等）后 “不带 to 不定式” 需还原 to 主动：We often hear him play the guitar.→被动：He is often heard to play the guitar by us. 动词短语结构 动词短语的介词 / 副词不可省略，需随动词一起变为被动 主动：We should get rid of such a bad habit.→被动：Such a bad habit should be got rid of. 注意事项： 1. 双宾语转换时，间接宾语前加 to（适用于 bring/give/send 等动词）、加 for（适用于 buy/cook/make 等动词），不可混淆； 2. 感官动词（see/hear/feel 等）和使役动词（make/let/have 等）的主动结构中，宾补 “不带 to”，变被动后必须还原 to，避免遗漏； 3. 动词短语（如 look forward to、take care of）变被动时，介词 / 副词不可省略，需保持短语完整性。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. These old photos ________ (not take) by a professional photographer, but they look very beautiful. 2. Our teacher often tells us interesting stories.（改为被动语态） Interesting stories ________ often ________ to us by our teacher. 3. People heard the little girl sing a sweet song in the park yesterday.（改为被动语态） The little girl ________ ________ to sing a sweet song in the park yesterday. 4. We should take good care of the disabled children in our community.（改为被动语态） The disabled children in our community should ________ ________ good care of. 5. ________ this valuable watch ________ (make) of gold by skilled workers? 三、主动表被动的特殊场景表 此表格梳理 “主动形式表被动含义” 的高频场景，解决 “无需显性被动结构却含被动意义” 的问题，覆盖日常语境中常见的特殊表达。 特殊场景类型 规则说明 示例 系动词 + 表语 感官类（look/smell/taste）、变化类（get/go）、保持类（keep/remain）系动词 + 表语，主动表被动 The flowers smell sweet.；He got excited when he heard the good news. 动词 + 副词 write/read/sell/wash 等动词 + 副词（well/smoothly/easily），表主语属性，主动表被动 Organic vegetables sell well in this market.；This fancy pen writes smoothly. measure/weigh 接短语 表 “测量 / 称重起来”，后接数量短语，主动表被动 The new carpet measures three by four meters.；The heavy stone weighs over 100 pounds. want/need/require/deserve+doing 主语为物，“doing” 表被动，等同于 “to be done” The machine requires checking regularly. = The machine requires to be checked regularly. be worth doing/be to blame be worth doing 表 “值得做”，be to blame 表 “该受责备”，主动表被动 The old town is worth visiting.；The poor management is to blame for the failure. be + 形容词 + 不定式 表 “难以 / 易于做”，形容词（hard/easy/pleasant）+ 不定式，主动表被动 The door is hard to open in winter.；The song is pleasant to listen to. 注意事项： 1. 所有 “主动表被动” 场景的主语均为 “物”，主语为人时不可使用，如不可说 “He sells well”，需说 “His books sell well”； 2. 仅特定动词（如 sell/wash/measure）可用于 “主动表被动”，不可随意扩展到其他动词； 3. “be worth doing” 中 doing 主动表被动，而 “be worthy of” 后需接 “being done”，二者不可混淆（如 “The book is worth reading” 正确，“The book is worth being read” 错误）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The flowers in the garden ________ (smell) very sweet and attract many bees every spring. 2. This kind of cloth ________ (wash) easily, so it is very popular among housewives. 3. The large wooden table ________ (measure) two meters long and one meter wide. 4. The old temple in the countryside ________ (be) worth visiting, so many tourists come here every year. 5. The broken door ________ (need) repair as soon as possible to ensure safety. 四、易混易错点及特殊注意点表 此表格梳理 “无被动的动词 / 短语” 及 “特殊被动表达”，规避常见语法错误，覆盖易混淆的被动语态应用场景。 类别 规则说明 示例 无被动的不及物动词 happen/occur/exist 等不及物动词，无被动语态，仅用主动 The unexpected event happened during the morning meeting.；A brilliant idea occurred to him. 无被动的不及物动词短语 come out/consist of/belong to/date from 等短语，无被动，仅用主动 The team consists of five experienced members.；The castle dates back to the 12th century. 特殊被动表达（under + 抽象名词） “under + 抽象名词”（repair/construction/discussion 等）表 “正在被……”，含被动意义 The old bridge is under repair and will reopen next month.；The subway line is under construction. 无宾语时用被动的动词 dress/devote/apply 等动词，无宾语时需用被动结构（be dressed/be devoted 等） She was dressed in a red coat when I saw her.；All efforts must be applied to solving this problem. 注意事项： 1. 不及物动词（如 happen/occur）无被动语态，不可说 “was happened/was occurred”，需用主动形式； 2. 不及物动词短语（如 belong to/date from）作定语时，需用现在分词形式（如 “The necklace belonging to her mother”），不可用过去分词； 3. “under + 抽象名词” 仅适用于特定抽象名词（如 repair/construction/discussion），不可随意搭配其他名词（如不可说 “The problem is under solve”，需说 “The problem is under discussion”）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. A sudden heavy rain ________ (happen) when we were on our way to the picnic last Sunday. 2. The successful project ________ (consist) of three main parts, which are all completed by our team. 3. The old hospital in our town ________ (be) under repair now, and it will be put into use next year. 4. The little girl ________ (dress) in a pink skirt when she attended her friend's birthday party. 5. The valuable necklace ________ (belong) to my grandmother for more than fifty years. 一、语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025高三上·江苏·专题练习）Last Year, large amounts of money (spend) on building the bridge. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．（2024高三上·浙江·专题练习）Citizens of higher social classes (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. （所给词的适当形式填空） 3．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）Steam engines (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）As they (give) an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）There, they (welcome) to the Chinese style compound where they were to live. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．（2021高三上·浙江·专题练习）Many a large and big business (have) been built up from small ones. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．（2021高三上·浙江·专题练习）Only 60 percent of the work (be) done yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）It was said that the flight to New York (cancel) due to the foggy weather. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Family-friendly facilities (develop) in the following years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）People (influence) to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people to describe their relationship to iPad and similar devices. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）An organization called Campus Cosmic Ray Observation Collaboration (establish) in September 2020 to promote the idea. Zhang, head of the organization, said they plan to build more stations on school campuses across China. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）It was a part of town, I realized, that I (warn) about, but nothing happened to me, and as soon as we were near the bright lights of the main road, my “guide” just (disappear). (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）S&A is starting to do police work. Earlier this summer, 90 employees   (hire) to guard its doors and check receipts. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）The females: never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that (deposit) in the warm sand. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. (所给词的适当形式填空) Passage 1 （2023·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 1 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 2 (six) century, B．C． Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 4 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 5 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6 (intend) for everyone. 7 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8 saving their environment. The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. Passage 2 （2023·全国乙卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 1 royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 2 (build) system of ring roads. But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 3 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural 4 (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 5 somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 6 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 7 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 8   (record) everything I discovered. The 9 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 10 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. Passage 3 （2025·浙江·一模）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Amid the cool night breeze of Baiyin, a city 1 (locate)in Northwest China’s Gansu province, the scent of herbs fills the air as crowds gather around cupping stations and pulse-reading 2 (stand). These lively scenes unfold at the Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Night Market in Wansheng Park, 3 millennia-old wisdom comes alive, becoming a trend for Generation Z. “The heat leaves me drained and sleepy,” says 21-year-old Yu Huiyan as she extends her wrist for a pulse diagnosis. The doctor diagnoses her weak pulse and fatigue, prescribing a blend of 4 (herb)medicine to boost energy and improve digestion. After positive results from previous TCM treatments, Yu and her peers 5 (draw)to TCM in recent years. At the market, acupuncture, cupping, massage and herbs are 6 (increasing)popular. Han Long, 7 TCM physician with a decade of experience at Baiyin First People’s Hospital, 8 (stress)that classic texts like Huangdi Neijing are key 9 understanding health. He hopes more young people will embrace TCM 10 (enhance)their own health and that of their families. The growing trend of TCM night markets is also helping a new generation of practitioners like Han step into the spotlight, widening TCM’s reach beyond traditional circles and ensuring that its legacy endures. Passage 4 （2025·广东·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On March 30, a “taiji for All” event was held in Brussels, 1 five Belgian Taiji associations took turns to take the stage, leading Belgian people closer to Taiji. After that, the movie Taiji Zhang Sanfeng. 2 (star) Jet Li, Michelle Yeoh and other stars, was shown on the spot. Taiji, thought of 3 a treasure of traditional Chinese culture, enjoys worldwide reputation for its philosophical ideas like 4 (harmonious) between man and nature and co-existence of all things. In 2020, Taijquan, based on Taiji philosophy and integrating traditional Chinese health-keeping and combat wisdom, 5 (list) in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity Yu Jiajian, president of the European Taiji Culture Center, performed Yang-style Taiji Saber (刀) on-site. He explained that this set of saber techniques 6 (be) gentle within toughness. Though the movement speed was soft and stable, the movement strength was full of inner power. Fei Shengchao, the Chinese Ambassador to Belgium, who attended 7 event, said that Taiji integrated knowledge and 8 (practice) from multiple fields. Its core ideas had contributed Eastern wisdom to 9 (globe) ecological civilization construction. He hoped the occasion would provide a platform for Belgian Taiji enthusiasts 10 (display) and communicate, enhancing local people’s understanding of Taiji culture. Passage 5 （2025·湖南永州·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Moscow Zoo hosted a week-long celebration, starting on Sunday, to mark the second birthday of Katyusha, the first giant panda born in Russia. The zoo 1 (decorate) with traditional Chinese elements, including red lanterns and festive displays. Celebrations featured lively dragon dances, tea ceremonies, 2 educational workshops on panda conservation. The parade created a carnival atmosphere, with crowds cheering and laughing as the dragon wove through the pathways. Visitors enjoyed interactive 3 (activity), such as handmade craft sessions and thematic tours showcasing animals native to China. Katyusha, the center of attention, received a specially crafted birthday cake made of bamboo, fruits, and ice carved into the number “2”, 4 (mark) the panda's age in a display combining Chinese tradition with zoological enrichment. Dedicated zookeepers went to great lengths 5 (refresh) her and keep both her mind and body active and enriched Katyusha’s daily life by adding edible (可食用的) decorations and hiding food in new toys. She enjoyed a bamboo playhouse filled with treats, 6 she enthusiastically unpacked to find the 7 (hide) biscuits. Moscow Zoo Director Svetlana Akulova shared updates on Katyusha’s growth, noting that Katyusha is 8 unique example of natural upbringing and a key part of Sino-Russian 9 (science) research on giant pandas. Zhang Wei, minister counselor at China’s embassy in Russia, attended the event, saying: “Katyusha is not only a special 10 (represent) of cultural exchange but also a beloved star on social media in both countries.” Passage 6 （2025·湖北·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Sayram Lake is located in Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, 1 is a scenic area with ethnic customs, integrating 2 (origin) landscapes like mountains, lakes, grasslands. It is believed that the warm and moist air from the Atlantic Ocean travels a long distance, and 3 (block) by the Tianshan Mountains, thus condensing into precipitation and forming the lake. Surrounded by magnificent snow-capped mountains of the Tianshan range, it 4 (sit) at 2,071 meters altitude. The lake’s crystal-clear blue water is so clear that it is praised as one of the lakes with the highest transparency in China. The whole terrain (地势) slopes 5 (gentle) from the snow mountains down to the lake, creating stunning natural scenery. Wild swans are 6 highlight, especially from April to June. These elegant birds swim in the clear water, forming a beautiful picture with the snow mountains in the background. The best time 7 (visit) is May to October. Summer brings 20°C weather with blooming wildflowers, 8 autumn shows golden mountain views. Self-driving is popular — visitors can drive the 95-kilometer lakeside road and stop to enjoy views. Known as the “Pearl of Tianshan,” Sayram Lake charms visitors 9 its pure beauty. For those who want to fully enjoy the beauty of this lake, local tour guides can offer valuable 10 (guide). It’s perfect for escaping city hustle. 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $