第5讲 动词时态语态-1-核心语法 重难点专项突破 任务单 2026届高考英语一轮复习

高考核心语法·精练 第5讲 动词时态语态-1 2026年高考语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、高频基础时态（主动语态）用法表 此表格聚焦本讲核心的 4 种基础时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时）的主动语态规则，明确各时态的功能、结构及时间标志词，是判断 “动作发生时间状态” 的基础框架。 类别 核心功能 主动语态结构 高频时间标志词 一般现在时 1. 表客观真理、永恒事实 2. 表习惯性、经常性动作 3. 表当前稳定状态 1. 主语非三单：do 2. 主语三单：does（如 works, teaches） every day/week, usually, always, sometimes, 客观真理无标志词 一般过去时 表过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态（动作已结束） did（规则动词 + ed，如 worked；不规则动词需特殊记，如 ate, saw） yesterday, last week/month/year, ago, in 2020, just now 现在进行时 1. 表当前（说话时）正在进行的动作 2. 表现阶段（未明确结束）持续的动作 am/is/are + doing（如 am working, is teaching） now, at the moment, these days, look! listen! 过去进行时 1. 表过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 2. 表过去某一时间段持续的动作 was/were + doing（如 was working, were teaching） at 8 o'clock last night, this time yesterday, when/while 引导的过去时间状语从句 注意事项： 1. 三单形式规则：一般现在时主语为 “he/she/it/ 单数名词 / 不可数名词” 时，动词需变三单，以 “s/x/sh/ch/o” 结尾加 “es”（如 fix-fixes, teach-teaches），以 “辅音 + y” 结尾变 “y” 为 “i” 加 “es”（如 study-studies）； 2. 不规则动词记忆：需重点掌握高频不规则动词的过去式（如 go-went, take-took），避免因形式错误导致时态混淆； 3. 现在进行时的 “现阶段” 语义：若表 “最近一段时间在做某事（未明确此刻正在做）”，也需用现在进行时（如 I am reading a novel these days，不一定此刻正在读）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The earth ________ (go) around the sun, which is a well-known objective truth. 【答案】goes 【解析】考查一般现在时（主动语态）。句意：地球绕着太阳转，这是众所周知的客观真理。根据表格规则，一般现在时可表客观真理，主语 “the earth” 为第三人称单数，动词 “go” 需变三单形式 “goes”，故填 goes。 2. He ________ (visit) his grandparents with his parents every weekend to show his love. 【答案】visits 【解析】考查一般现在时（主动语态）。句意：为了表达爱意，他每周都和父母一起去看望祖父母。根据表格规则，一般现在时表习惯性动作，时间标志词 “every weekend” 印证时态，主语 “he” 为三单，“visit” 变三单 “visits”，故填 visits。 3. My sister ________ (read) an interesting novel in her room at the moment. 【答案】is reading 【解析】考查现在进行时（主动语态）。句意：此刻我妹妹正在房间里读一本有趣的小说。根据表格规则，现在进行时表当前正在进行的动作，时间标志词 “at the moment” 提示时态，主语 “my sister” 为单数，用 “is reading”，故填 is reading。 4. I ________ (watch) a wonderful movie when my best friend called me last night. 【答案】was watching 【解析】考查过去进行时（主动语态）。句意：昨晚我最好的朋友给我打电话时，我正在看一部精彩的电影。根据表格规则，过去进行时表 “过去某时刻正在进行的动作”，“when” 引导的从句表过去时间点，主语 “i” 搭配 “was”，“watch” 用现在分词 “watching”，故填 was watching。 5. They ________ (play) basketball on the school playground this time yesterday afternoon. 【答案】were playing 【解析】考查过去进行时（主动语态）。句意：昨天下午这个时候，他们正在学校操场上打篮球。根据表格规则，过去进行时表 “过去某时间段持续的动作”，时间标志词 “this time yesterday afternoon” 提示时态，主语 “they” 为复数，用 “were playing”，故填 were playing。 二、高频基础时态（被动语态）用法表 此表格梳理 4 种基础时态的被动语态结构、功能及转换逻辑，解决 “动作承受关系” 的判断问题，是语法填空 “动词形式转换” 的高频考点。 类别 被动语态结构 核心功能 主动→被动转换示例 一般现在时 am/is/are + done（如 am done, is taught） 表经常性、习惯性的被动动作，或当前的被动状态 主动：He teaches English.→被动：English is taught by him. 一般过去时 was/were + done（如 was done, were taught） 表过去某一具体时间的被动动作 主动：She finished the work yesterday.→被动：The work was finished by her yesterday. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + done（如 am being done, is being taught） 表当前（说话时）正在进行的被动动作 主动：They are repairing the car now.→被动：The car is being repaired by them now. 过去进行时 was/were + being + done（如 was being done, were being taught） 表过去某一时刻正在进行的被动动作 主动：He was cleaning the room at 9 last night.→被动：The room was being cleaned by him at 9 last night. 注意事项： 1. 被动语态的 “be 动词” 变化：be 动词需随主语单复数及时态变化（如主语单数 + 一般过去时用 was，主语复数 + 现在进行时用 are），不可固定用 am/is/are； 2. “by + 执行者” 的省略：若无需强调动作执行者，可省略 “by + 主语”（如 The letter was written yesterday. 无需说 by her），但强调执行者时必须保留； 3. 不及物动词无被动：本讲明确 “不及物动词（如 happen, occur, rise, fall）无被动语态”，避免错误表达（如 “An accident was happened yesterday” 错误，正确：An accident happened yesterday）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. English ________ (teach) as a main foreign language in most middle schools in China. 【答案】is taught 【解析】考查一般现在时（被动语态）。句意：在中国大多数中学，英语被作为主要外语来教授。根据表格规则，一般现在时被动语态表 “经常性被动动作”，主语 “English” 为单数，“teach” 的过去分词为 “taught”，故填 is taught。 2. The old photos ________ (find) in a small box when we cleaned the attic last weekend. 【答案】were found 【解析】考查一般过去时（被动语态）。句意：上周末我们打扫阁楼时，在一个小盒子里发现了这些旧照片。根据表格规则，一般过去时被动语态表 “过去具体时间的被动动作”，时间标志词 “last weekend” 提示时态，主语 “photos” 为复数，“find” 的过去分词为 “found”，故填 were found。 3. A new library ________ (build) in our community now, and it will be finished next year. 【答案】is being built 【解析】考查现在进行时（被动语态）。句意：我们社区正在建一座新图书馆，它将于明年完工。根据表格规则，现在进行时被动语态表 “当前正在进行的被动动作”，时间标志词 “now” 提示时态，主语 “library” 为单数，“build” 的过去分词为 “built”，故填 is being built。 4. The valuable painting ________ (repair) by a famous artist at 9 o'clock this morning. 【答案】was being repaired 【解析】考查过去进行时（被动语态）。句意：今天早上 9 点，这幅珍贵的画作正由一位著名艺术家修复。根据表格规则，过去进行时被动语态表 “过去某时刻正在进行的被动动作”，时间标志词 “at 9 o'clock this morning” 提示时态，主语 “painting” 为单数，“repair” 的过去分词为 “repaired”，故填 was being repaired。 5. These difficult math problems ________ (discuss) by the students in the class this time yesterday. 【答案】were being discussed 【解析】考查过去进行时（被动语态）。句意：昨天这个时候，学生们正在课堂上讨论这些难解的数学题。根据表格规则，过去进行时被动语态表 “过去某时间段持续的被动动作”，时间标志词 “this time yesterday” 提示时态，主语 “problems” 为复数，“discuss” 的过去分词为 “discussed”，故填 were being discussed。 三、语法填空题型专项考查表 此表格结合文档 “语法填空” 题型（“填入适当单词”“用所给单词正确形式填空”），梳理本讲时态语态在该题型中的核心考点、解题逻辑及示例，直接对应文档 “模拟练习”“真题操练” 的考查方向。 类型 考点要求 解题逻辑步骤 真题级示例 给动词填形式 用所给动词的正确时态 / 语态形式填空（如括号内给 do，填 does/did/was done 等） 1. 判断动作逻辑：主动（主语是执行者）vs 被动（主语是承受者） 2. 判断动作时间：根据时间标志词 / 语境确定时态 3. 确定形式：结合时态 + 语态写动词正确形式 1. He ______ (teach) in this school for 5 years.（无被动逻辑，表当前状态，填 teaches） 2. The old building ______ (repair) last month.（主语是承受者，过去时间，填 was repaired） 无提示填单词 填入适当的 be 动词（am/is/are/was/were），构成被动语态 1. 分析句子结构：谓语是否缺 “be 动词” 2. 判断时态：根据语境 / 时间标志确定时态 3. 判断单复数：根据主语单复数确定 be 动词形式 1. The meeting ______ held in the hall yesterday.（过去时，主语单数，填 was） 2. Many trees ______ being planted these days.（现在进行时，主语复数，填 are） 注意事项： 1. 无提示填单词的 “be 动词” 判断：需先确认是否表被动（若主语是动作承受者，必填 be 动词），再结合时态、单复数确定具体形式，不可盲目填 do/does； 2. 给动词填形式的 “时态优先”：若无法直接判断语态，可先通过时间标志词确定时态（如 “now”→现在进行时），再判断主动 / 被动； 3. 避免 “时态语态重复错误”：如 “is being done” 已含现在进行时 + 被动，不可多填 be 动词（错误：is being is done）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The young man ________ (work) in a big company as an engineer now because he is good at technology. 【答案】works 【解析】考查给动词填形式（一般现在时主动语态）。句意：这个年轻人现在在一家大公司当工程师，因为他擅长技术。根据解题逻辑，先判断主动（主语 “the young man” 是 “work” 的执行者），再通过 “now” 及 “当前稳定状态” 确定一般现在时，主语三单，“work” 变 “works”，故填 works。 2. All the important documents ________ (send) to the manager by his assistant just now. 【答案】were sent 【解析】考查给动词填形式（一般过去时被动语态）。句意：刚才所有重要文件都由助手送给经理了。根据解题逻辑，先判断被动（主语 “documents” 是 “send” 的承受者），再通过 “just now” 确定一般过去时，主语复数，“send” 的过去分词为 “sent”，故填 were sent。 3. A big sports meeting ________ held in our school every two years to encourage students to exercise. 【答案】is 【解析】考查无提示填单词（一般现在时被动语态的 be 动词）。句意：我们学校每两年举办一次大型运动会，鼓励学生锻炼。根据解题逻辑，先确定表被动（主语 “meeting” 是 “hold” 的承受者，缺 be 动词），再通过 “every two years” 确定一般现在时，主语单数，填 “is”，故填 is。 4. The old house ________ being pulled down when the government stopped the project last month. 【答案】was 【解析】考查无提示填单词（过去进行时被动语态的 be 动词）。句意：上个月政府叫停项目时，这座老房子正在被拆除。根据解题逻辑，先确定表被动（主语 “house” 是 “pull down” 的承受者，缺 be 动词），再通过 “last month” 确定过去时，主语单数，填 “was”，故填 was。 5. My favorite singer ________ (perform) a new song on the stage at the moment, and all fans are cheering. 【答案】is performing 【解析】考查给动词填形式（现在进行时主动语态）。句意：此刻我最喜欢的歌手正在舞台上演唱一首新歌，所有粉丝都在欢呼。根据解题逻辑，先判断主动（主语 “singer” 是 “perform” 的执行者），再通过 “at the moment” 确定现在进行时，主语单数，故填 is performing。 四、易错点对比辨析表 此表格针对本讲高频易错点（时态混淆、语态误用），通过 “错误 - 正确” 对比明确规则，帮助规避典型错误。 易错类型 错误表达 正确表达 核心规则总结 时态混淆（一般过去时 vs 过去进行时） I watched TV at 8 last night.（错误：“at 8 last night” 表过去某时刻，需用进行时） I was watching TV at 8 last night. 表 “过去某一时刻正在做” 用过去进行时，表 “过去某时间做过（已结束）” 用一般过去时 语态误用（不及物动词用被动） A big fire was happened in the forest yesterday.（错误：happen 是不及物动词，无被动） A big fire happened in the forest yesterday. 不及物动词（happen/occur/rise/fall）无被动语态，只能用主动形式 现在进行时表 “习惯性动作” 错误 He is often playing basketball after school.（错误：“often” 表习惯性动作，需用一般现在时） He often plays basketball after school. 表 “习惯性、经常性动作” 用一般现在时，表 “当前 / 现阶段进行” 用现在进行时 被动语态 be 动词遗漏 The work finished by him yesterday.（错误：主语是承受者，缺 be 动词） The work was finished by him yesterday. 被动语态必须含 “be 动词 + 过去分词”，be 动词不可遗漏，需随时间 / 单复数变化 注意事项： 1. 时间标志词的 “唯一性”：不同时态对应固定时间标志词（如 “at 8 last night” 只对应过去进行时），需牢记标志词与时态的匹配关系； 2. 不及物动词的 “主动表被动”：部分不及物动词短语（如 take place, break out）虽有 “被动含义”，但仍用主动形式（如 “The war broke out in 1939”，不可说 was broken out）； 3. 语境优先原则：若无明确时间标志词，需通过上下文逻辑判断时态（如 “Look! The dog ______ (run)”，通过 “Look!” 判断用现在进行时 is running）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The little boy ________ (draw) a picture when his mother came back home yesterday evening. 【答案】was drawing 【解析】考查时态混淆纠错（一般过去时 vs 过去进行时）。句意：昨晚妈妈回家时，这个小男孩正在画画。根据规则，“when” 引导过去时间点，表 “此时正在做的动作” 需用过去进行时，主语 “the little boy” 为单数，故填 was drawing。 2. A terrible accident ________ (happen) on this busy road last Friday, causing two injuries. 【答案】happened 【解析】考查语态误用纠错（不及物动词用被动）。句意：上周五这条繁忙的道路上发生了一起严重事故，造成两人受伤。根据规则，“happen” 是不及物动词，无被动语态，结合 “last Friday” 用一般过去时，故填 happened。 3. My parents usually ________ (take) a walk in the park after dinner instead of watching TV. 【答案】take 【解析】考查现在进行时表 “习惯性动作” 纠错。句意：我父母通常晚饭后去公园散步，而不是看电视。根据规则，“usually” 表习惯性动作，需用一般现在时，主语 “my parents” 为复数，用 “take” 原形，故填 take。 4. The difficult task ________ (complete) by the hard-working team after three weeks of effort. 【答案】was completed 【解析】考查被动语态 be 动词遗漏纠错。句意：经过三周的努力，这个艰巨的任务被勤奋的团队完成了。根据规则，被动语态需含 “be 动词 + 过去分词”，结合 “after three weeks of effort” 确定一般过去时，主语 “task” 为单数，“complete” 的过去分词为 “completed”，故填 was completed。 5. The students ________ (not listen) to the teacher carefully when the sudden noise broke out. 【答案】were not listening 【解析】考查时态混淆纠错（一般过去时 vs 过去进行时）。句意：突然的噪音响起时，学生们没有认真听老师讲课。根据规则，“when” 引导过去时间点，表 “此时正在进行的否定动作” 需用过去进行时否定式，主语 “students” 为复数，故填 were not listening。 一、语法填空：在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2024·河北·一模）They broke my windows and (threat) me. 【答案】threatened 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：他们打破我的窗户并且威胁我。分析句子可知，空处应为动词，与“broke”并列作谓语，故应为过去式；threaten为动词，表示“威胁”，符合句意。故填threatened。 2．（2021·广东江门·一模）——That must have been a long trip. ——Yeah, it (take) us a whole week to get there. 【答案】took 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——那一定是一段漫长的旅程。——是啊，我们花了整整一周才到那里。空处应填谓语动词的形式，由That must have been a long trip可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填took。 3．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）The students’ proposals (evaluate) based on creativity last semester. 【答案】were evaluated 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：上学期，学生们的提案是根据创造性来评估的。根据时间状语“last semester”可知，句子需用一般过去时；主语“The students’ proposals”与动词“evaluate”之间是被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were +过去分词”，主语为复数，be动词用were，evaluate的过去分词为evaluated。故填were evaluated。 4．（2021高三上·浙江·专题练习）No one in the department but Tom and I (know) that the director is going to resign. 【答案】knows 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：除了汤姆和我，部门里没有人知道主任要辞职。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等附属成分时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。no one后面跟的是第三人称单数形式。根据句意，故填knows。 5．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Doing exercise in the morning （be）good for our health. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：早上做运动对我们的健康有好处。分析句子可知，句子的主语是Doing exercise ，即动名词做主语，看作单数，谓语也用单数。句子表达的客观事实，所以用一般现在时。故填is。 6．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Little we know his life. 【答案】do/did 【详解】考查部分倒装和时态。句意：我们几乎不了解他的生活。否定词提前，要进行部分倒装，要把助动词提到主语前面，根据语境可以是一般现在时或者一般过去时，故填do/did。 7．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）They (work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them，and now we (work) on it as no good results have come out so far. 【答案】 had been working are working 【详解】考查谓语动词的时态。句意：在我加入这个项目之前，他们已经做了差不多一个星期了，现在我们正在做，因为到目前为止还没有什么好的结果。分析句子可知and前后的两个分句都缺谓语，所以两处都填谓语动词。第一空根据时间状语before I joined them，可知表示在过去某个时间之前一直进行的动作，用过去完成进行had been working；第二空表是现在正在进行，用现在进行时are working。故分别填had been working和are working。 8．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Not only the writers speak with people who study culture and group behavior, but also they talked with animals experts like zookeepers. 【答案】did 【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意：作者不仅与研究文化和群体行为的人交谈，还与动物园管理员等动物专家交谈。分析句子结构可知，否定词位于句首句子使用部分倒装，即将助动词、系动词或者情态动词置于主语之前，根据下文中的talked可知，空格所在的句子使用的是一般过去时态，一般过去时态的助动词为did，将其置于主语之前，原来的谓语动词变为动词原形speak。故填did。 9．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）After the wars, the Indians were driven to the west of the country. Not until 1924 they gain the right to vote. 【答案】did 【详解】考查部分倒装和时态。句意：战争结束后，印第安人被驱赶到该国西部。直到1924年，他们才获得投票权。分析句意可知，词组not until“直到……才”引导的时间状语置于句首时，句子的主谓应该使用部分倒装，而此句描述事实已发生，故使用一般过去时，即空格处需要填写的为提前的助动词did。故填did。 10．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）One day Gene and Hannah Bortnick heard piano music coming from their living room. They thought their 3-year-old son Ethan   (listen) to a CD． 【答案】was listening 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：一天，Gene和Hannah Bortnick听到客厅里传来钢琴曲。他们以为3岁的儿子Ethan在听CD。空处应填谓语动词的形式，从句主语为Ethan，动作发生在过去且正在进行，应用过去进行时。故填was listening。 11．（2020高三·全国·专题练习）Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 【答案】is regarded 【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：如今，骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最好的全方位运动形式之一。本句描述客观事实，动词regard和主语之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语动词与主语cycling保持一致，应该用单数形式。故填is regarded。 12．（21-22高三上·江苏盐城·阶段练习）Nowadays, cell phones have features such as games, music and calendars and more new functions (add)． 【答案】are being added 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：如今，手机已经具备了游戏、音乐和日历等功能，而且还添加了更多的新功能 。表示动作正在进行，且主语与谓语构成被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语为functions，谓语用复数。故填are being added。 13．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Apparently,the most depressing day of the year is the third Monday in January, when it’s cold and dark outside. This day (nickname) ‘Blue Monday’ by psychologist Cliff Arnall in 2004. 【答案】was nicknamed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：显然，一年中最令人沮丧的日子是一月的第三个星期一，这天外面又冷又黑。2004年，心理学家Cliff Arnall将这一天戏称为“忧郁星期一”。根据后文in 2004可知用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为This day，谓语动词用单数。故填was nicknamed。 14．（2020高三·全国·专题练习）He went home in a hurry,never once looking back to see if he (follow). 【答案】was being followed 【详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意：他匆匆回家，一次也没有回头看看是否正被跟踪。此处主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且表示过去某个时刻动作正在进行，应使用过去进行时的被动语态，主语为he，谓语动词用单数。故填was being followed。 15．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）For example, I (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50. 【答案】ordered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：例如，前几天我在网上订购了一台数码相机，节省了大约50美元。分析句子可知，order是谓语动词，由the other day可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填ordered。 Passage 1 （2025·全国二卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 1 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 2 (center) heating doesn’t exist. Nothing in my life before prepared me 3 this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt 4 learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found 5 (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 6 (be) one of them.      Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 7 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 8 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 9 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 10 (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】 1. where 2. central 3. for 4. and 5. myself 6. is 7. to discover 8. absence 9. afternoons 10. left 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从美国到中国浙江农村生活的经历与感受。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2. 考查形容词。句意同上。本空修饰名词heating，应用形容词central“中央的，中心的”，作定语。故填central。 3. 考查介词。句意：我生命中没有任何事情能让我为这一切做好准备——可以肯定的是，我第一次来到这里时，从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。prepare sb. for...“使某人为……做好准备”，固定搭配。故填for。 4. 考查连词。句意：但令人惊讶的是，你是如何适应并在新环境中学习的。adapt和learn是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 5. 考查反身代词。句意：随着时间的推移，我发现自己在这里有了宾至如归的感觉。本空指代主语I，表示“我自己”，应用反身代词myself。故填myself。 6. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。 8. 考查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。 9. 考查名词的数。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午有很多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。 Passage 2 （2025·全国一卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 1 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. Go is one of 2 earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition. “The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope 3 (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” “In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ 4 (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. “The players’ personalities 5 (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 6 (try) to beat the opponent 7 no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 8 (strategy) placement of the pieces, 9 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 10 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 【答案】 1. which 2. the 3. to present 4. guidance 5. are revealed 6. tries 7. by 8. strategic/strategical 9. and 10. digitally 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了上海久事美术馆举办的一场以围棋为灵感的艺术展览。 1. 56. 考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2. 考查冠词。句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。 4. 考查名词。句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。 5. 考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。 6. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 7. 考查介词。句意同上。“by+具体数值”表示“以（某一差值）”，此处指“以一到两分的优势”，符合语境。故填by。 8. 考查形容词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement，需用形容词strategic或者strategical“战略性的，策略的”，作定语。故填strategic/strategical。 9. 64. 考查连词。句意同上。the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, the energy flow following each move三者为并列关系，作并列主语，所以空处需用连词and。故填and。 10. 考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰形容词generated，需用副词digitally“数字地”，作状语。故填digitally。 Passage 3 （2025·吉林·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the wheel of time turns, traditional practices are witnessing a comeback. Gua Sha, an ancient Chinese healing technique, has been gaining 1 (popular) in recent years as a holistic approach to wellness and beauty, because it offers various benefits to modern wellness seekers. On a media app, a before-and-after video of Gua Sha has been viewed more than 11.8 million times. Meanwhile, influencers have started to share their Gua Sha routines on some other media apps, attracting 2 (grow) attention from global audiences. Moreover, Western beauty stores and   3 (celebrity) have jumped at the fashion and started favoring Gua Sha or selling its tools. Actually, Gua Sha has been practiced in China since the Ming Dynasty and is known to have muscle pain relieved 4 improve blood circulation. Originally, it 5 (use) on the body, like arms, legs, and back; however, nowadays, it’s commonly used to improve the health of 6 (face) skin. The practice is performed using a smooth-edged tool to gently scrape (刮) areas of the body, 7 , according to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) , can encourage a healthy flow of energy and blood. Gua Sha, a TCM practice, also 8 (serve) as a cultural practice, now has 9 (incredible) found its way to the West due to its potential health benefits. Undoubtedly, promoting TCM practices could be 10 much-needed opportunity for others to learn more about Chinese culture. 【答案】 1. popularity 2. growing 3. celebrities 4. and 5. was used 6. facial 7. which 8. serving 9. incredibly 10. a 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了刮痧这一中国传统疗法在现代社会的复兴与普及。 1. 考查词性转换。句意：刮痧，一项古老的中国疗法，作为一种促进健康和美容的整体方法，近年来越来越受欢迎，因为它为现代追求健康的人们提供了多种益处。设空处作gaining的宾语，应用名词形式；popularity意为“受欢迎，流行”，为不可数名词。故填popularity。 2. 考查词性转换。句意：同时，一些有影响力的人开始在其他一些媒体应用程序上分享他们的刮痧日常，吸引了越来越多全球观众的关注。设空处作定语，修饰名词attention；再结合句意可知，此处表示“日益增长的”，应用形容词growing。故填growing。 3. 考查名词单复数。句意：此外，西方美容店和名人也欣然接受这一潮流，开始推崇刮痧或销售相关工具。设空处与 Western beauty stores为并列成分，在句中作主语，应用名词形式；再结合句意可知，此处表示复数概念，应填名词复数形式。故填celebrities。 4. 考查连词。句意：事实上，刮痧自明朝以来就在中国流传，人们公认其能缓解肌肉疼痛并改善血液循环。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，have muscle pain relieved 与 improve blood circulation为并列成分，应用连词 and 连接。故填and。 5. 考查动词时态语态及主谓一致。句意：起初，它主要用于身体部位，如手臂、腿部和背部；然而，如今它常被用来改善面部皮肤健康。设空处为本句的谓语，根据句中的时间状语 Originally可知，此处应该用一般过去时；it 指代上文中的 Gua Sha，与 use之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语 it是单数，谓语也应用单数形式。故填was used。 6. 考查词性转换。句意同上。设空处作定语，修饰名词 skin；再结合句意可知，此处表示“面部的”，应用形容词形式 facial。故填facial。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：这种疗法使用边缘平滑的工具轻轻刮拭身体部位，根据中医理论，这可以促进气血的健康流通。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词 which引导该从句。故填which。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：刮痧，作为一种中医疗法，同时也是一种文化实践，因其潜在的健康益处，如今已不可思议地传入西方。分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语 has found，设空处和谓语之间没有连接词连接，故设空处应用非谓语动词；serve与其逻辑主语 Gua Sha之间是主动关系，应用其现在分词形式。故填serving。 9. 考查词性转换。句意同上。分析句子成分并结合句意可知，此处修饰谓语 has found，意为“难以置信地”，应用副词作状语。故填incredibly。 10. 考查冠词。句意：毫无疑问，推广中医疗法可能是一个其他人急需的能更多了解中国文化的机会。此处泛指“一个急需的机会”，应用不定冠词修饰，且 much-needed的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 Passage 4 （2025·河北衡水·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Neuralink, 1 (found) by Elon Musk, plans to begin clinical trials in the United States in October 2025 of the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), a device that can read speech signals 2 (direct) from the brain and transform them into text. The project aims to help people with speech disorders. The company’s president, DJ Seo, said the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted 3 (permit) for the study. According to him, the technology will be able to record 4 a person is trying to say or mentally imagine speech. “If you’re imagining saying something, we would be able to pick that up,” Seo said. Neuralink is currently conducting five more clinical trials of implants (植入) that allow users 5 (control) electronic devices, including computers, using brain signals. The company is considering implanting the device in healthy people by 2030, which would be 6 step towards creating consumer technology. Similar developments are already being tested by other scientific groups to restore speech in patients 7 possess ability to think but cannot physically pronounce words. While companies like Synchron focus on less invasive (侵入的) methods, Neuralink’s deeper brain implant approach offers 8 (detailed) brain data. The start of the tests in October was postponed from the previous plan: implantation in the part of the brain for language 9 (suppose) to begin by the end of September. In addition to 10 (restore) speech, Neuralink is studying the possibilities of treating blindness and Parkinson’s disease. 【答案】 1. founded 2. directly 3. permission 4. what 5. to control 6. a 7. who/that 8. more detailed 9. was supposed 10. restoring 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了 Neuralink 公司研发的脑机接口（BCI）设备的相关情况，包括其计划开展的临床试验、目标用途、与其他科研团队类似研究的对比，以及研发计划的调整等内容。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：Neuralink由埃隆·马斯克创立，计划于2025年10月在美国开始对脑机接口（BCI）进行临床试验，这是一种可以直接从大脑读取语音信号并将其转化为文本的设备。Neuralink与found之间是被动关系，即“被创立”，所以用过去分词founded作后置定语，修饰Neuralink。故填founded。 2. 考查副词。句意：Neuralink由埃隆·马斯克创立，计划于2025年10月在美国开始对脑机接口（BCI）进行临床试验，这是一种可以直接从大脑读取语音信号并将其转化为文本的设备。此处修饰动词read，要用副词形式，direct的副词是directly，意为“直接地”。故填directly。 3. 考查名词。句意：该公司总裁DJ Seo表示，美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）已批准这项研究。grant是及物动词，后接名词作宾语，permit的名词形式是permission，意为“许可，批准”，为不可数名词。故填permission。 4. 考查宾语从句。句意：据他介绍，这项技术将能够记录一个人试图说的话或在脑海中想象说出的话。空格处引导宾语从句，作record的宾语，从句中缺少say的宾语，表示“……的话”，所以用what引导。故填what。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：Neuralink目前正在进行另外五项植入物的临床试验，这些植入物允许用户使用大脑信号控制包括电脑在内的电子设备。allow sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式to control。故填to control。 6. 考查冠词。句意：该公司正在考虑到2030年将该设备植入健康人体内，这将是朝着创造消费技术迈出的一步。step是可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一步”，且step是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：其他科研团队已经在测试类似的进展，以恢复那些有思考能力但无法实际说出话的患者的语言能力。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是patients，指人，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。 8. 考查形容词比较级。句意：虽然像Synchron这样的公司专注于侵入性较小的方法，但Neuralink的深度脑植入方法能提供更详细的大脑数据。根据语境，此处是将Neuralink的方法与其他公司的方法进行对比，所以用比较级，detailed的比较级是more detailed，意为“更详细的”。故填more detailed。 9. 考查时态和语态。句意：10月份开始的测试比之前的计划推迟了：原计划在9月底开始在大脑语言区域进行植入。be supposed to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“应该做某事”，且事情发生在过去，主语implantation是单数，所以用一般过去时的被动语态was supposed。故填was supposed。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了恢复语言能力，Neuralink还在研究治疗失明和帕金森病的可能性。in addition to是固定短语，意为“除……之外”，其中to是介词，后接动名词形式作宾语，所以用restoring。故填restoring。 Passage 5 （2025·湖南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 2025 Reviving Craft — China’s Intangible Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Design exhibition was held at Palazzo Serbelloni in Milan from Oct 3 to 12. The exhibition 1 (organize) jointly by Sun Media Group and the Italy China Council Foundation. 2 the theme “A Narrative of Social Life”, the exhibition focused on the role of culture in social interactions, 3 (deepen) a mutual appreciation between Chinese and Italian audiences through dialogues of art and the 4 (wise) of their civilizations. Structured through two interwoven parts, the exhibition space blended philosophical thoughts with aesthetic feelings. The exhibition featured four 5 (theme) areas — Banquet, Salon, Merenda, and Opera. Through exhibits that incorporated both intangible cultural heritage 6 contemporary designs, such as clothes,  jewelry, furniture, porcelain (瓷器), wine vessels, and tea, they examined the different relationship between  humans, social activities, fashion, and cultural heritage. The exhibition broke away from 7 (convention) methods, employing immersive displays, stories based on real life, and creative expressions. It also 8 (include) multimedia techniques and interactive AI devices, 9 helped to facilitate an artistic journey that fostered 10 deeper appreciation for the cultural depth and  lasting charm of Chinese intangible cultural heritage. 【答案】 1. was organized 2. With 3. deepening 4. wisdom 5. thematic/themed 6. and 7. conventional 8. included 9. which 10. a 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍2025年“复兴工艺——中国非遗与当代设计展”在米兰举办的情况、主题、展区及特色。 1. 考查动词语态和时态。句意：该展览由阳光媒体集团和意大利中国理事会基金会联合主办。此处为谓语动词，描述10月3日至12日举办的展览的主办情况，用一般过去时；且the exhibition与organize为被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，所以谓语动词为was organized。故填was organized。 2. 考查介词。句意：展览以“社会生活叙事”为主题，聚焦文化在社会交往中的作用，通过艺术对话和文明智慧，加深中意观众之间的相互欣赏。此处为固定搭配“with the theme...”，意为“以……为主题”，用介词with，句首单词首字母大写。故填With。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：展览以“社会生活叙事”为主题，聚焦文化在社会交往中的作用，通过艺术对话和文明智慧，加深中意观众之间的相互欣赏。此处为非谓语动词，the exhibition与deepen为主动关系，用现在分词deepening作伴随状语。故填deepening。 4. 考查名词。句意：展览以“社会生活叙事”为主题，聚焦文化在社会交往中的作用，通过艺术对话和文明智慧，加深中意观众之间的相互欣赏。此处与dialogues并列，作介词through的宾语，用wise的名词形式wisdom，意为“智慧”，为不可数名词。故填wisdom。 5. 考查形容词。句意：展览设有“宴会”“沙龙”“午后茶点”“歌剧”四个主题展区。此处修饰名词areas，用theme的形容词形式thematic或themed，均意为“主题的”。故填thematic/themed。 6. 考查连词。句意：通过融合非遗与当代设计的展品（如服装、珠宝、家具、瓷器、酒器、茶叶），展览探讨了人类、社会活动、时尚与文化遗产之间的不同关系。此处为固定搭配“both...and...”，意为“既……又……”，连接“intangible cultural heritage”和“contemporary designs”，所以用and。故填and。 7. 考查形容词。句意：展览突破了传统方式，采用沉浸式展示、基于现实生活的故事和创意表达。此处修饰名词methods，用convention的形容词形式conventional，意为“传统的”。故填conventional。 8. 考查动词时态。句意：展览还融入了多媒体技术和互动人工智能设备，助力打造一场艺术之旅，让观众更深入地领略中国非遗的文化深度与持久魅力。此处为谓语动词，与前文“broke”以及从句中的谓语动词“helped”等动作时态一致，描述过去的展览特色，用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为included。故填included。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：展览还融入了多媒体技术和互动人工智能设备，助力打造一场艺术之旅，让观众更深入地领略中国非遗的文化深度与持久魅力。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为“multimedia techniques and interactive AI devices”，指物，从句中缺少主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 10. 考查冠词。句意：展览还融入了多媒体技术和互动人工智能设备，助力打造一场艺术之旅，让观众更深入地领略中国非遗的文化深度与持久魅力。appreciation意为“鉴赏”，为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以使用冠词，结合句意，此处泛指“一种更深入的欣赏”，且deeper是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。 Passage 6 （2025·安徽·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Gezhouba Dam, known as the “First Dam on the Yangtze River”, celebrated its 40th anniversary on July 30. Over the past four decades, it 1 (produce) nearly 600 billion kWh of clean electricity. Engineers and experts have said that as one of the most important water conservation projects in China, Gezhouba Dam is 2 monument in the history of Chinese hydropower (水电) construction, 3 (reflect) China’s strong mobilization and organizational capabilities. Its 40-year “high reliability, longevity, and zero faults” operation has made important contributions to China’s economic and 4 (society) development. Gezhouba Dam is located in Yichang, central China’s Hubei Province. The construction of Gezhouba Dam 5 (approve) by Chairman Mao Zedong. From the start of construction in 1970 6 the completion in 1988, more than 100,000 hydropower workers, 7 conquered the wilderness, carrying poles and pushing carts, finally completed this great project. In 40 years, Gezhouba Dam has witnessed China’s opening-up 8 prosperity. Gezhouba builders are constantly making technological 9 (innovate) to maintain our leading position in the industry while ensuring safe operations. Its contribution to flood control and clean energy makes it 10 (true) remarkable. 【答案】 1. has produced 2. a 3. reflecting 4. social 5. was approved 6. to 7. who 8. and 9. innovations 10. truly 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了葛洲坝大坝40年来的发展历程、建设背景、建设过程、技术创新及贡献。 1. 考查时态。句意：在过去的四十年里，它产生了近6000亿千瓦时的清洁电力。根据时间状语“Over the past four decades”可知，句子时态应为现在完成时，主语为it，助动词用has。故填has produced。 2. 考查冠词。句意：工程师和专家表示，葛洲坝大坝作为中国最重要的水利项目之一，是中国水电建设史上的一座丰碑，反映了中国强大的动员和组织能力。monument为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且monument发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。空处需用非谓语动词作状语，Gezhouba Dam和reflect之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填reflecting。 4. 考查形容词。句意：其40年的“高可靠性、长寿命、零故障”运行，为中国的经济和社会发展做出了重要贡献。空处需用形容词作定语，修饰名词development，social“社会的”为形容词。故填social。 5. 考查时态语态。句意：葛洲坝大坝的建设得到了毛泽东主席的批准。根据时间状语“From the start of construction in 1970”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，主语The construction of Gezhouba Dam和approve之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用was。故填was approved。 6. 考查介词。句意：从1970年开工到1988年竣工，10多万名水电工人征服了荒野，肩挑手推，终于完成了这项伟大的工程。from...to...为固定短语，意为“从……到……”。故填to。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：同上。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是hydropower workers，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导定语从句。故填who。 8. 考查连词。句意：40年来，葛洲坝大坝见证了中国的开放与繁荣。根据句意可知，China’s opening-up和prosperity为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 9. 考查名词复数。句意：葛洲坝建设者不断进行技术创新，在确保安全运行的同时，保持我们在行业中的领先地位。make technological innovations为固定短语，意为“进行技术创新”，innovation为可数名词，此处应用其复数形式表示泛指。故填innovations。 10. 考查副词。句意：它对防洪和清洁能源的贡献使其真正非凡。空处需用副词作状语修饰形容词remarkable，true的副词为truly“真正地”。故填truly。 11 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考核心语法·精练 第5讲 动词时态语态-1 2026年高考语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、高频基础时态（主动语态）用法表 此表格聚焦本讲核心的 4 种基础时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时）的主动语态规则，明确各时态的功能、结构及时间标志词，是判断 “动作发生时间状态” 的基础框架。 类别 核心功能 主动语态结构 高频时间标志词 一般现在时 1. 表客观真理、永恒事实 2. 表习惯性、经常性动作 3. 表当前稳定状态 1. 主语非三单：do 2. 主语三单：does（如 works, teaches） every day/week, usually, always, sometimes, 客观真理无标志词 一般过去时 表过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态（动作已结束） did（规则动词 + ed，如 worked；不规则动词需特殊记，如 ate, saw） yesterday, last week/month/year, ago, in 2020, just now 现在进行时 1. 表当前（说话时）正在进行的动作 2. 表现阶段（未明确结束）持续的动作 am/is/are + doing（如 am working, is teaching） now, at the moment, these days, look! listen! 过去进行时 1. 表过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 2. 表过去某一时间段持续的动作 was/were + doing（如 was working, were teaching） at 8 o'clock last night, this time yesterday, when/while 引导的过去时间状语从句 注意事项： 1. 三单形式规则：一般现在时主语为 “he/she/it/ 单数名词 / 不可数名词” 时，动词需变三单，以 “s/x/sh/ch/o” 结尾加 “es”（如 fix-fixes, teach-teaches），以 “辅音 + y” 结尾变 “y” 为 “i” 加 “es”（如 study-studies）； 2. 不规则动词记忆：需重点掌握高频不规则动词的过去式（如 go-went, take-took），避免因形式错误导致时态混淆； 3. 现在进行时的 “现阶段” 语义：若表 “最近一段时间在做某事（未明确此刻正在做）”，也需用现在进行时（如 I am reading a novel these days，不一定此刻正在读）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The earth ________ (go) around the sun, which is a well-known objective truth. 2. He ________ (visit) his grandparents with his parents every weekend to show his love. 3. My sister ________ (read) an interesting novel in her room at the moment. 4. I ________ (watch) a wonderful movie when my best friend called me last night. 5. They ________ (play) basketball on the school playground this time yesterday afternoon. 二、高频基础时态（被动语态）用法表 此表格梳理 4 种基础时态的被动语态结构、功能及转换逻辑，解决 “动作承受关系” 的判断问题，是语法填空 “动词形式转换” 的高频考点。 类别 被动语态结构 核心功能 主动→被动转换示例 一般现在时 am/is/are + done（如 am done, is taught） 表经常性、习惯性的被动动作，或当前的被动状态 主动：He teaches English.→被动：English is taught by him. 一般过去时 was/were + done（如 was done, were taught） 表过去某一具体时间的被动动作 主动：She finished the work yesterday.→被动：The work was finished by her yesterday. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + done（如 am being done, is being taught） 表当前（说话时）正在进行的被动动作 主动：They are repairing the car now.→被动：The car is being repaired by them now. 过去进行时 was/were + being + done（如 was being done, were being taught） 表过去某一时刻正在进行的被动动作 主动：He was cleaning the room at 9 last night.→被动：The room was being cleaned by him at 9 last night. 注意事项： 1. 被动语态的 “be 动词” 变化：be 动词需随主语单复数及时态变化（如主语单数 + 一般过去时用 was，主语复数 + 现在进行时用 are），不可固定用 am/is/are； 2. “by + 执行者” 的省略：若无需强调动作执行者，可省略 “by + 主语”（如 The letter was written yesterday. 无需说 by her），但强调执行者时必须保留； 3. 不及物动词无被动：本讲明确 “不及物动词（如 happen, occur, rise, fall）无被动语态”，避免错误表达（如 “An accident was happened yesterday” 错误，正确：An accident happened yesterday）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. English ________ (teach) as a main foreign language in most middle schools in China. 2. The old photos ________ (find) in a small box when we cleaned the attic last weekend. 3. A new library ________ (build) in our community now, and it will be finished next year. 4. The valuable painting ________ (repair) by a famous artist at 9 o'clock this morning. 5. These difficult math problems ________ (discuss) by the students in the class this time yesterday. 三、语法填空题型专项考查表 此表格结合文档 “语法填空” 题型（“填入适当单词”“用所给单词正确形式填空”），梳理本讲时态语态在该题型中的核心考点、解题逻辑及示例，直接对应文档 “模拟练习”“真题操练” 的考查方向。 类型 考点要求 解题逻辑步骤 真题级示例 给动词填形式 用所给动词的正确时态 / 语态形式填空（如括号内给 do，填 does/did/was done 等） 1. 判断动作逻辑：主动（主语是执行者）vs 被动（主语是承受者） 2. 判断动作时间：根据时间标志词 / 语境确定时态 3. 确定形式：结合时态 + 语态写动词正确形式 1. He ______ (teach) in this school for 5 years.（无被动逻辑，表当前状态，填 teaches） 2. The old building ______ (repair) last month.（主语是承受者，过去时间，填 was repaired） 无提示填单词 填入适当的 be 动词（am/is/are/was/were），构成被动语态 1. 分析句子结构：谓语是否缺 “be 动词” 2. 判断时态：根据语境 / 时间标志确定时态 3. 判断单复数：根据主语单复数确定 be 动词形式 1. The meeting ______ held in the hall yesterday.（过去时，主语单数，填 was） 2. Many trees ______ being planted these days.（现在进行时，主语复数，填 are） 注意事项： 1. 无提示填单词的 “be 动词” 判断：需先确认是否表被动（若主语是动作承受者，必填 be 动词），再结合时态、单复数确定具体形式，不可盲目填 do/does； 2. 给动词填形式的 “时态优先”：若无法直接判断语态，可先通过时间标志词确定时态（如 “now”→现在进行时），再判断主动 / 被动； 3. 避免 “时态语态重复错误”：如 “is being done” 已含现在进行时 + 被动，不可多填 be 动词（错误：is being is done）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The young man ________ (work) in a big company as an engineer now because he is good at technology. 2. All the important documents ________ (send) to the manager by his assistant just now. 3. A big sports meeting ________ held in our school every two years to encourage students to exercise. 4. The old house ________ being pulled down when the government stopped the project last month. 5. My favorite singer ________ (perform) a new song on the stage at the moment, and all fans are cheering. 四、易错点对比辨析表 此表格针对本讲高频易错点（时态混淆、语态误用），通过 “错误 - 正确” 对比明确规则，帮助规避典型错误。 易错类型 错误表达 正确表达 核心规则总结 时态混淆（一般过去时 vs 过去进行时） I watched TV at 8 last night.（错误：“at 8 last night” 表过去某时刻，需用进行时） I was watching TV at 8 last night. 表 “过去某一时刻正在做” 用过去进行时，表 “过去某时间做过（已结束）” 用一般过去时 语态误用（不及物动词用被动） A big fire was happened in the forest yesterday.（错误：happen 是不及物动词，无被动） A big fire happened in the forest yesterday. 不及物动词（happen/occur/rise/fall）无被动语态，只能用主动形式 现在进行时表 “习惯性动作” 错误 He is often playing basketball after school.（错误：“often” 表习惯性动作，需用一般现在时） He often plays basketball after school. 表 “习惯性、经常性动作” 用一般现在时，表 “当前 / 现阶段进行” 用现在进行时 被动语态 be 动词遗漏 The work finished by him yesterday.（错误：主语是承受者，缺 be 动词） The work was finished by him yesterday. 被动语态必须含 “be 动词 + 过去分词”，be 动词不可遗漏，需随时间 / 单复数变化 注意事项： 1. 时间标志词的 “唯一性”：不同时态对应固定时间标志词（如 “at 8 last night” 只对应过去进行时），需牢记标志词与时态的匹配关系； 2. 不及物动词的 “主动表被动”：部分不及物动词短语（如 take place, break out）虽有 “被动含义”，但仍用主动形式（如 “The war broke out in 1939”，不可说 was broken out）； 3. 语境优先原则：若无明确时间标志词，需通过上下文逻辑判断时态（如 “Look! The dog ______ (run)”，通过 “Look!” 判断用现在进行时 is running）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The little boy ________ (draw) a picture when his mother came back home yesterday evening. 2. A terrible accident ________ (happen) on this busy road last Friday, causing two injuries. 3. My parents usually ________ (take) a walk in the park after dinner instead of watching TV. 4. The difficult task ________ (complete) by the hard-working team after three weeks of effort. 5. The students ________ (not listen) to the teacher carefully when the sudden noise broke out. 一、语法填空：在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2024·河北·一模）They broke my windows and (threat) me. 2．（2021·广东江门·一模）——That must have been a long trip. ——Yeah, it (take) us a whole week to get there. 3．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）The students’ proposals (evaluate) based on creativity last semester. 4．（2021高三上·浙江·专题练习）No one in the department but Tom and I (know) that the director is going to resign. 5．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Doing exercise in the morning （be）good for our health. 6．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Little we know his life. 7．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）They (work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them，and now we (work) on it as no good results have come out so far. 8．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Not only the writers speak with people who study culture and group behavior, but also they talked with animals experts like zookeepers. 9．（2025高三上·全国·专题练习）After the wars, the Indians were driven to the west of the country. Not until 1924 they gain the right to vote. 10．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）One day Gene and Hannah Bortnick heard piano music coming from their living room. They thought their 3-year-old son Ethan   (listen) to a CD． 11．（2020高三·全国·专题练习）Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, (regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 12．（21-22高三上·江苏盐城·阶段练习）Nowadays, cell phones have features such as games, music and calendars and more new functions (add)． 13．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Apparently,the most depressing day of the year is the third Monday in January, when it’s cold and dark outside. This day (nickname) ‘Blue Monday’ by psychologist Cliff Arnall in 2004. 14．（2020高三·全国·专题练习）He went home in a hurry,never once looking back to see if he (follow). 15．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）For example, I (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50. Passage 1 （2025·全国二卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 1 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 2 (center) heating doesn’t exist. Nothing in my life before prepared me 3 this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt 4 learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found 5 (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 6 (be) one of them.      Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 7 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 8 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 9 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 10 (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. Passage 2 （2025·全国一卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 1 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. Go is one of 2 earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition. “The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope 3 (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” “In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ 4 (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. “The players’ personalities 5 (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 6 (try) to beat the opponent 7 no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 8 (strategy) placement of the pieces, 9 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 10 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. Passage 3 （2025·吉林·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As the wheel of time turns, traditional practices are witnessing a comeback. Gua Sha, an ancient Chinese healing technique, has been gaining 1 (popular) in recent years as a holistic approach to wellness and beauty, because it offers various benefits to modern wellness seekers. On a media app, a before-and-after video of Gua Sha has been viewed more than 11.8 million times. Meanwhile, influencers have started to share their Gua Sha routines on some other media apps, attracting 2 (grow) attention from global audiences. Moreover, Western beauty stores and   3 (celebrity) have jumped at the fashion and started favoring Gua Sha or selling its tools. Actually, Gua Sha has been practiced in China since the Ming Dynasty and is known to have muscle pain relieved 4 improve blood circulation. Originally, it 5 (use) on the body, like arms, legs, and back; however, nowadays, it’s commonly used to improve the health of 6 (face) skin. The practice is performed using a smooth-edged tool to gently scrape (刮) areas of the body, 7 , according to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) , can encourage a healthy flow of energy and blood. Gua Sha, a TCM practice, also 8 (serve) as a cultural practice, now has 9 (incredible) found its way to the West due to its potential health benefits. Undoubtedly, promoting TCM practices could be 10 much-needed opportunity for others to learn more about Chinese culture. Passage 4 （2025·河北衡水·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Neuralink, 1 (found) by Elon Musk, plans to begin clinical trials in the United States in October 2025 of the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), a device that can read speech signals 2 (direct) from the brain and transform them into text. The project aims to help people with speech disorders. The company’s president, DJ Seo, said the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted 3 (permit) for the study. According to him, the technology will be able to record 4 a person is trying to say or mentally imagine speech. “If you’re imagining saying something, we would be able to pick that up,” Seo said. Neuralink is currently conducting five more clinical trials of implants (植入) that allow users 5 (control) electronic devices, including computers, using brain signals. The company is considering implanting the device in healthy people by 2030, which would be 6 step towards creating consumer technology. Similar developments are already being tested by other scientific groups to restore speech in patients 7 possess ability to think but cannot physically pronounce words. While companies like Synchron focus on less invasive (侵入的) methods, Neuralink’s deeper brain implant approach offers 8 (detailed) brain data. The start of the tests in October was postponed from the previous plan: implantation in the part of the brain for language 9 (suppose) to begin by the end of September. In addition to 10 (restore) speech, Neuralink is studying the possibilities of treating blindness and Parkinson’s disease. Passage 5 （2025·湖南·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 2025 Reviving Craft — China’s Intangible Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Design exhibition was held at Palazzo Serbelloni in Milan from Oct 3 to 12. The exhibition 1 (organize) jointly by Sun Media Group and the Italy China Council Foundation. 2 the theme “A Narrative of Social Life”, the exhibition focused on the role of culture in social interactions, 3 (deepen) a mutual appreciation between Chinese and Italian audiences through dialogues of art and the 4 (wise) of their civilizations. Structured through two interwoven parts, the exhibition space blended philosophical thoughts with aesthetic feelings. The exhibition featured four 5 (theme) areas — Banquet, Salon, Merenda, and Opera. Through exhibits that incorporated both intangible cultural heritage 6 contemporary designs, such as clothes,  jewelry, furniture, porcelain (瓷器), wine vessels, and tea, they examined the different relationship between  humans, social activities, fashion, and cultural heritage. The exhibition broke away from 7 (convention) methods, employing immersive displays, stories based on real life, and creative expressions. It also 8 (include) multimedia techniques and interactive AI devices, 9 helped to facilitate an artistic journey that fostered 10 deeper appreciation for the cultural depth and  lasting charm of Chinese intangible cultural heritage. Passage 6 （2025·安徽·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Gezhouba Dam, known as the “First Dam on the Yangtze River”, celebrated its 40th anniversary on July 30. Over the past four decades, it 1 (produce) nearly 600 billion kWh of clean electricity. Engineers and experts have said that as one of the most important water conservation projects in China, Gezhouba Dam is 2 monument in the history of Chinese hydropower (水电) construction, 3 (reflect) China’s strong mobilization and organizational capabilities. Its 40-year “high reliability, longevity, and zero faults” operation has made important contributions to China’s economic and 4 (society) development. Gezhouba Dam is located in Yichang, central China’s Hubei Province. The construction of Gezhouba Dam 5 (approve) by Chairman Mao Zedong. From the start of construction in 1970 6 the completion in 1988, more than 100,000 hydropower workers, 7 conquered the wilderness, carrying poles and pushing carts, finally completed this great project. In 40 years, Gezhouba Dam has witnessed China’s opening-up 8 prosperity. Gezhouba builders are constantly making technological 9 (innovate) to maintain our leading position in the industry while ensuring safe operations. Its contribution to flood control and clean energy makes it 10 (true) remarkable. 9 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $