专题05 时态与语态（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，浙江专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题05 时态与语态 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 考点一：英语常考的时态 考点二：被动语态的用法 进阶分级练 高考英语对时态与语态的考查以 “语境为核心、基础为重点”，强调语法知识在语篇中的实用价值。从考查范围来看，核心聚焦一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等高频时态，同时融合被动语态与主谓一致的综合运用。要求考生不仅需熟记各时态的构成规则与时间标志词（如一般现在时的 “often”“every day”，现在完成时的 “so far”“recently”），更要掌握被动语态中 “be + 过去分词” 的灵活变化，能根据主语与谓语的逻辑关系精准判断语态形式。 在命题形式与考查载体上，时态与语态主要通过语法填空题型进行检测，且占该题型总分值的 20%-30%，是核心必考点之一。题目依托说明文、记叙文等语篇设置，选材多贴近生活场景、文化传承或科技发展等话题。命题摒弃孤立的语法记忆考查，转而强调上下文逻辑的连贯性，需考生通过分析语篇中的时间线索、动作关系及情感态度，实现时态与语态的精准匹配。 从能力要求与命题趋势来看，高考更注重时态、语态与其他语法点的融合运用及语境推理能力。近年真题中，同一语篇常同时涉及时态判断、被动语态及主谓一致，也隐含主谓一致规则。预计未来仍将以语法填空为主要形式，重点考查一般现在时、现在完成时的语态及时态辨析，同时增加长难句中的语法拆解要求，强调 “语法服务于语篇” 的核心导向，需考生在夯实基础的同时，提升语境分析与知识整合能力。 考点一：英语常考的时态 时态是高考英语语法的核心考点，贯穿听力、单选、完形填空、语法填空和书面表达等题型。以下是高考学考中最常考的 8 种时态。 一、一般现在时（Simple Present Tense） 1.基本概念 表示经常性、习惯性的动作，或客观事实、真理，也可用于描述当前的状态或特征。 2.基本结构主语（第一、二人称 / 复数）+ 动词原形 主语（第三人称单数）+ 动词第三人称单数形式（如：work→works，teach→teaches） 3.标记词语 always（总是）、usually（通常）、often（经常）、sometimes（有时）、every day/week/month（每天 / 周 / 月）、once a week（一周一次）等。 例句： We go to school at 7:30 every morning. （我们每天早上 7 点半去上学。—— 表习惯性动作） The earth goes around the sun. （地球绕着太阳转。—— 表客观真理） She is good at playing the piano. （她擅长弹钢琴。—— 表当前状态） 二、一般过去时（Simple Past Tense） 1.基本概念 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，动作通常已结束，不与现在产生联系。 2. 基本结构 主语 + 动词过去式（如：play→played，eat→ate，see→saw） 3.标记词语 yesterday（昨天）、last night/week/year（昨晚 / 上周 / 去年）、just now（刚才）、in 2020（在 2020 年）、two days ago（两天前）等。 例句： He finished his homework at 9 o'clock last night. （他昨晚 9 点完成了作业。—— 表过去特定时间的动作） They were in Beijing three years ago. （三年前他们在北京。—— 表过去的状态） 三、一般将来时（Simple Future Tense） 1.基本概念 表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或存在的状态，或计划、打算做某事。 3. 基本结构 will + 动词原形（所有人称通用，表客观将来或临时决定） be going to + 动词原形（be 随主语变化，表计划、打算或有迹象要发生的事） 3.标记词语 tomorrow（明天）、next week/month（下周 / 月）、in the future（在将来）、soon（很快）、this afternoon（今天下午）等。 例句： We will visit the Great Wall next month. （下个月我们将参观长城。—— 表计划好的将来动作） It is going to rain—look at the dark clouds. （天要下雨了 —— 看那些乌云。—— 表有迹象的将来） He will help you if you ask him. （如果你求他，他会帮你的。—— 表条件下的将来） 四、现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense） 1.基本概念 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，或当前一段时间内正在进行的动作（说话时未必正在做）。 2. 基本结构 主语 + am/is/are + 动词 - ing 形式（如：read→reading，run→running） 3.标记词语 now（现在）、at the moment（此刻）、look（看）、listen（听）等；无标志词时需结合语境判断 “当前进行”。 例句： Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. （听！有人在隔壁房间唱歌。—— 此时此刻的动作） She is learning French this term. （这学期她正在学法语。—— 当前一段时间的动作） My father is working in his office now. （我爸爸现在正在他的办公室工作。—— 此时此刻的状态） 五、过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense） 1.基本概念 表示过去某个时间点或时间段内正在进行的动作，常与一般过去时搭配，描述 “过去某个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行”。 3. 基本结构 主语 + was/were + 动词 - ing 形式（第一、三人称单数用 was，复数 / 第二人称用 were） 3.标记词语 at 8 o'clock last night（昨晚 8 点）、this time yesterday（昨天这个时候）、when（当…… 时，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时）、while（当…… 时，主从句常均用过去进行时）等。 例句： I was watching TV when the phone rang. （电话响的时候，我正在看电视。——“电话响” 是过去瞬间动作，“看电视” 是当时正在进行的动作） They were playing basketball this time yesterday. （昨天这个时候他们正在打篮球。—— 过去某个时间段的进行动作） While my mother was cooking, my father was cleaning the room. （我妈妈做饭的时候，我爸爸正在打扫房间。—— 过去同时进行的两个动作） 六、现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense） 1.基本概念 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始持续到现在的动作 / 状态（常与 “for + 时间段”“since + 时间点” 连用）。 2. 基本结构 主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词（第一、二人称 / 复数用 have，第三人称单数用 has；如：eat→eaten，write→written） 3.标记词语 already（已经，肯定句）、yet（还，否定句 / 疑问句）、just（刚刚）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、for two years（两年了）、since 2019（自从 2019 年以来）、so far（到目前为止）等。 例句： I have finished my homework, so I can watch TV now. （我已经做完作业了，所以现在可以看电视了。—— 过去动作对现在的影响） He has lived in Shanghai since he was 10 years old. （他从 10 岁起就住在上海了。—— 过去开始持续到现在的状态） Have you ever been to Beijing? （你曾经去过北京吗？—— 询问过去经历对现在的影响） 七、过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense） 1.基本概念 表示在过去某个动作之前已经完成的动作，即 “过去的过去”，常与一般过去时搭配，强调动作的先后顺序。 3. 基本结构 主语 + had + 动词过去分词（所有人称通用，如：leave→left→had left） 3.标记词语 by the time（到…… 时候为止）、before（在…… 之前）、after（在…… 之后）、until（直到……）等；或通过语境判断 “过去的过去”。 例句： By the time I got to the station, the train had left. （我到车站的时候，火车已经开走了。——“火车开走” 是 “我到车站” 之前的动作，即 “过去的过去”） She had learned 500 English words before she entered middle school. （她上中学之前已经学了 500 个英语单词了。——“学单词” 在 “上中学” 之前，即 “过去的过去”） He told me that he had visited the museum twice. （他告诉我他已经去过那个博物馆两次了。——“参观博物馆” 在 “告诉” 之前，即 “过去的过去”） 八、现在完成进行时（Present Perfect Continuous Tense） 1.基本概念 表示从过去开始，持续到现在，并且仍在进行的动作，强调动作的 “持续性” 和 “未完成性”。 2. 基本结构 主语 + have/has + been + 动词 - ing 形式（have/has 的用法同现在完成时） 3.标记词语 since（自从）、for（持续…… 时间）、all day（一整天）、recently（最近）等，强调 “持续到现在”。 例句： She has been studying English for 3 hours. She is still tired. （她已经学了 3 个小时英语了，现在还很累。—— 动作持续到现在，仍在进行） It has been raining since last night. The ground is still wet. （从昨晚开始就一直在下雨，地面现在还是湿的。—— 动作持续到现在，未完成） They have been working on this project recently. （最近他们一直在做这个项目。—— 当前一段时间持续进行的动作） 考点二：被动语态的用法 一、语态的基本概念 英语语态（Voice）是动词的一种形式，用于表示主语与谓语动词之间的关系，分为两种核心类型：主动语态（Active Voice） 和被动语态（Passive Voice）。 主动语态：主语是动作的发出者（即 “谁做了某事”），句子结构更简洁，是日常表达的主要形式。 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者（即 “某事被谁做了”），强调动作的结果或承受者，常省略动作发出者（by 短语）。 二、主动语态：结构与例句 1. 基本结构 主语（动作发出者）+ 谓语动词（主动形式）+ 宾语（动作承受者）（时态通过谓语动词变化体现，如一般现在时、一般过去时等） 2. 常考时态的主动语态举例 时态 结构 例句（英文） 译文 一般现在时 主语 + do/does She cleans the classroom every day. 她每天打扫教室。（主语 “她” 是 “打扫” 的发出者） 一般过去时 主语 + did He finished his homework last night. 他昨晚完成了作业。（主语 “他” 是 “完成” 的发出者） 现在进行时 主语 + am/is/are + doing They are planting trees in the park now. 他们现在正在公园里种树。（主语 “他们” 是 “种植” 的发出者） 过去进行时 主语 + was/were + doing I was reading a novel at 8 p.m. yesterday. 昨天晚上 8 点我正在看一本小说。（主语 “我” 是 “阅读” 的发出者） 现在完成时 主语 + have/has + done We have learned 2000 English words so far. 到目前为止，我们已经学了 2000 个英语单词。（主语 “我们” 是 “学习” 的发出者） 三、被动语态：核心考点 1. 基本结构 主语（动作承受者）+ be 动词 + 过去分词（done） + （by + 动作发出者）（be 动词的时态需根据语境变化，过去分词永远不变） 2. 常考时态的被动语态举例 时态 被动结构 例句（英文） 译文 一般现在时 am/is/are + done The classroom is cleaned every day (by her). 教室每天都被（她）打扫。（强调 “教室” 被打扫的结果） 一般过去时 was/were + done The homework was finished last night (by him). 作业昨晚被（他）完成了。（强调 “作业” 被完成的结果） 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + done Trees are being planted in the park now (by them). 现在公园里正在种树（被他们种）。（强调 “树” 正在被种植的过程） 过去进行时 was/were + being + done A novel was being read by me at 8 p.m. yesterday. 昨天晚上 8 点，一本小说正在被我阅读。（强调 “小说” 被阅读的过程） 现在完成时 have/has + been + done 2000 English words have been learned by us so far. 到目前为止，2000 个英语单词已经被我们学会了。（强调 “单词” 被学会的结果） 一般将来时 will be + done / am/is/are going to be done The meeting will be held tomorrow (by the teacher). 会议明天将被（老师）召开。（强调 “会议” 被召开的计划） 情态动词 情态动词（can/may/must 等）+ be + done This problem can be solved easily (by you). 这个问题（被你）很容易解决。（强调 “问题” 被解决的可能性） 3. 被动语态的特殊用法 （1）省略 “by + 动作发出者” 的情况：当动作发出者不明确、不重要或无需强调时（高考中 90% 的被动句会省略）。 例：Rice is grown in the south of China.（中国南方种植水稻。无需强调 “谁种”，重点在 “水稻被种植”） （2）主动表被动的固定搭配：某些动词（如 look, sound, taste, feel, smell）或短语（如 be worth doing, need doing）虽用主动形式，但表达被动含义。 例 1：The dish tastes delicious.（这道菜尝起来很美味。“taste” 主动表 “被品尝” 的结果） 例 2：The book is worth reading.（这本书值得一读。“reading” 主动表 “被读” 的含义） （3）不及物动词无被动语态：如 happen（发生）、appear（出现）、disappear（消失）、arrive（到达）等，因无宾语，无法构成 “承受者”，故不能用于被动语态。 错误：A car accident was happened yesterday.（×） 正确：A car accident happened yesterday.（昨天发生了一场车祸。） 四、主动语态与被动语态的转换 转换规则： 把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语； 把主动句的谓语动词变为 “be + 过去分词”（时态不变）； 把主动句的主语变为 “by + 主语”（可省略，若主语是代词，需从主格变宾格，如 I→by me）。 例句： 主动句：She writes a letter every week.（她每周写一封信。） 被动句：A letter is written (by her) every week.（一封信每周被（她）写。） 主动句：They will build a new school next year.（他们明年将建一所新学校。） 被动句：A new school will be built (by them) next year.（一所新学校明年将被（他们）建造。） 考点精讲讲练 考点一：英语常考的时态 1．—Over the past 60 years, China’s high-speed railway ______ fast. —That’s true. The project of Jinan-Zhengzhou High-speed Railway ______ by the end of this year. A．has developed; will be completed B．is developing; will complete C．has developed; will complete D．is developing; will be completed 【答案】A 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：——60年来，中国高速铁路发展迅速。——这是真的。济郑高铁项目将于今年年底竣工。分析句子可知，第一空由Over the past 60 years可知，这里时态应用现在完成时；第二空The project与 complete为被动关系，再由by the end of this year可知，这里时态可用一般将来时的被动语态。故选A项。 2．—I know your father ______ to a lot of cities, but what about your mother? —My mother? She ______ to Jinan the day after tomorrow. A．has gone; went B．has been; will go C．has gone; goes D．has been; has gone 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——我知道你父亲去过很多城市，但是你母亲呢？——我妈妈吗？她后天要去济南。第一空为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“曾经去过某地，人已经回来”，应使用have been to，而have gone to表示“到某地去了，在路上或者已经到达那里”，该句表示的是曾经去过某地，所以使用have been to，主语为第三人称单数，所以使用has been；第二空为谓语动词，根据时间状语the day after tomorrow，此处使用一般将来时，所以谓语动词为will go。故选B项。 3．—Miss Hu, I haven’t seen you for a long time. —Yes. I ________ as a volunteer nurse in Shanghai for a month. I came back yesterday. A．worked B．am working C．have worked D．work 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——胡小姐，我很久没见到你了。——是的。我在上海做了一个月的志愿护士。我昨天回来的。根据“I came back yesterday.”可知，这里作为志愿者护士的动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。故选A。 4．— When can you finish your report? — Don’t be worried. I ______ it by 5 o’clock this afternoon. A．will have completed B．will be completing C．have completed D．will complete 【答案】A 【解析】考查时态。句意：——你什么时候能完成你的报告？——别担心。我将在今天下午五点钟之前完成它。A. will have completed 将已经完成（将来完成时，表示到将来某一时间点将已完成的动作；B. will be completing 将在完成（将来进行时，表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作）；C. have completed 已经完成（现在完成时，表示动作已经完成，对现在有影响）；D. will complete 将要完成（一般将来时，表示将要发生的动作）。根据“by 5 o’clock this afternoon”，到今天下午五点钟这个时间点前，报告会被完成，因此需要使用将来完成时态，强调到那个时间点动作已经完成的结果。故选A。 5．John said he ________ there at 8 o’clock, but he didn’t come when we got there. A．will be B．won’t be C．would be D．would not be 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去将来时。句意：约翰说他8点钟到那儿，但我们到那儿时他没有来。结合语境可知，宾语从句的动作在当时尚未发生，从句时态应用将来时，再结合“said”可知，主句使用一般过去时，从句时态应用过去将来时，可排除A和B项，且根据“but he didn’t come when we got there”可知，约翰说的是“他8点钟到那儿”。故选C。 1．At the ongoing international technology conference, many a research team ______ innovative solutions to global energy challenges. A．are presenting B．is presenting C．was presenting D．were presenting 2．—You shouldn’t have let your daughter come home alone late at night. —You are right. Luckily, she________her friends on the way home. A．has met B．had met C．met D．would meet 3．I won’t tell the student the answer to the problem until he ______ on it for more than an hour. A．had worked B．has been working C．will have worked D．will have been working 4．It ______ heavily all day and we have no option but to cancel the meeting. A．is raining B．has been raining C．will be raining D．was raining 5．I first read the fashion magazine over a decade ago and _________ to it since. A．subscribed B．had subscribed C．have subscribed D．was subscribing 6．—Hey! Kate, what about your last winter camp in Hainan? —Oh! It _________ some sweet memories in my heart in the past several months. A．leaves B．is leaving C．has left D．will leave 7．Julia_________ every day and her school day begins with morning _________. A．exercise; exercise B．exercises; exercise C．exercise; exercises D．exercises; exercises 8．Not until he went abroad to further his study _______ the importance of English. A．has he found B．he has found C．did he find D．he had found 9．— I didn’t go back to my hometown for Spring Festival because of COVID-19. — _________. This is the most special festival that I _________. A．So did I; spent B．Neither did I; have spent C．Neither did I; spent D．So it is; have spent 10．—Was it in 2003 ______ the Chinese astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon? —Yes. We ______ be proud of it then. A．when; do B．that; do C．which; did D．that; did 考点二：被动语态的用法 1．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. A．is regarded B．regard C．are regarded D．regards 【答案】A 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最好的全面锻炼方式之一。空处是句子的谓语动词，句子描述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，动词regard与主语之间是被动关系，因此要用被动语态，be regarded as⋅⋅⋅ 意为“被认为是……”。along with连接前后两个名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前者保持一致，即谓语动词应和cycling一致，应用单数形式，空处应填is regarded。故选A。 2．At present, yoga, along with deep breathing exercises and Tai chi, ______ one of the most beneficial activities for health and wellness. A．was considered B．is considered C．were considered D．are considered 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：目前，瑜伽与深呼吸练习和太极一起被认为是对健康最有益的活动之一。设空处使用动词作谓语，根据前文的at present可知，此处表示客观事实，同时句子的主语为yoga为单数，其与consider之间是被动关系，故使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 3．—Alice, why aren’t you at work today? —I a day off. A．have given B．have been given C．gave D．was given 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：——爱丽丝，你今天怎么没来上班？——我请了一天假。此处描述动作发生在过去，但对现在产生结果或影响，应用现在完成时。be given a day off意为“请一天假”，为被动语态。故选B。 1．A new science museum ______ in our city, and it is expected to open next month. A．builds B．has built C．built D．is being built 2．The young man ______ an explanation a second time, but he was still at a loss to know how to address the problem. A．gave B．had given C．has been given D．had been given 3．Currently, almost 50 percent of jobs, including journalism, ______ with technology that can operate automatically. A．has been replacing B．is being replaced C．have been replacing D．are being replaced 4．Helen has been taken to the headmaster’s and she ________ about what happened in their dormitory last night. A．questioned B．was being questioned C．had questioned D．is being questioned 5．The professor, as well as a larger number of students, _______ the program, which will be carried out this summer. A．was attracted to B．were attracted to C．has been attracted to D．have been attracted to 训练 一、单项选择 1．—Alice, why aren’t you at work today? —I a day off. A．have given B．have been given C．gave D．was given 2．When rebuilding the ancient city after the earthquake, the local government made sure that the original cultures and architecture __________ carefully preserved. A．are B．were C．have been D．had been 3．Over the years most of his songs ________ and played in every possible way—from jazz to country. A．are being sing B．have been sung C．were singing D．had been sung 4．-There’s a lot of wind in North China. -Well, more trees ______ every year to stop the wind. A．be planted B．should plant C．should be planted D．can plant 5．To the teacher’s anger, the silly questions ______ by this student many times up to now. A．has been asked B．have been asked C．was asked D．ask 6．The local health organization is reported________twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audubon became its first president. A．to be set up B．being set up C．to have been set up D．having been set up 7．Linda as well as her two close friends into universities in Beijing last year. A．was admitted B．were admitted C．has been admitted D．had been admitted 8．It’s amazing that the ocean contains 99% of the living space on the planet and yet less than 10% of that space ________ by humans up to now. A．has been explored B．is being explored C．have been explored D．are being explored 9．The former minister was finally found innocent, although he ________of allowing false rumour to spread before the election. A．was accused B．had been accused C．has been accused D．would be accused 10．The issue ________ at this moment yesterday by the company’s managers. A．was being discussed B．is being discussed C．had discussed D．was discussing 11．-- ______? --Yes, a bit cold, though. A．Freezing, isn't it B．Nice day, isn't it C．Bad weather, don't you think D．Cold weather, isn't it 12．If something you,you may ask her for help. A．worries B．happens C．worry D．worried 13．If Jim free tomorrow,I will ask Tom to go instead. A．doesn’t be B．isn’t C．won’t D．won’t be 14．A public company ________ the possibility of joining the two departments. A．is looking up B．were looking up C．is looking into D．were looking into 15．Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane ________. A．takes off B．took off C．is taking off D．has taken off 16．Nowadays the growth of food delivery apps in China ______ the country with takeout containers and plastic bags. A．have drowned B．has been drowned C．is drowning D．are drowned 17．—How do you find Apple? —I’m a little worried. It ________ its share in Chinese mobile market with our domestic brands such as Huawei speeding up their development. A．is losing B．was losing C．would lose D．had lost 18．Shadow puppets ______ in China and ______ as far as Turkey and Greece today. A．will originate; have been spreading B．originate; will be spreading C．was originated; is spreading D．originated; have spread 19．She ________that the glass would break while opening the window. A．has frightened B．was frightened C．frightened D．had frightened 20．The students spent as much time getting trained as they ______ studying. A．disliked B．were C．had D．did 21．—What’s up? You didn’t pick up my phone just now. —I’m sorry that I______ the football game with my children, but it’s done now. A．was watching B．watch C．watched D．am watching 22．I haven’t finished my homework yet. I ______ my mother in the kitchen all day yesterday. A．have been helping B．was helping C．had helped D．have helped 23．This time yesterday Jack _________his bike. A．is repairing B．was repairing C．repairs D．repaired 24．As he has been in a terrible state of mind these days, on no account_____succeed in the coming English speech competition. A．has he B．does he C．will he D．he will 25．There ______ an English Evening next Tuesday. A．was B．will be C．will have D．is going to have 26．—Do you know if he ________ to play basketball with us? —I think he will come if he ________ free tomorrow. A．comes; is B．comes; will come C．will come; is D．will come; will come 27．—Have you decided which university are you going to apply for? —Not yet. Before I make the final decision, I ______ it with my parents and my teachers. A．discuss B．discussed C．was discussing D．will discuss 28．Let’s keep to the point or we __________ any decisions. A．will never reach B．have never reached C．never reach D．never reached 29．The computers made by our company sell well, but several years ago no one could imagine the role in the market that they ________． A．has played B．were to play C．had played D．played 30．Hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew ______ crowds, discomfort and danger. A．include B．will include C．included D．would include 31．— Could you attend the lecture about city development tomorrow afternoon? — Sorry, I ______ to Paris for a Chinese silk exhibition then. A．will be flying B．will fly C．fly D．am flying 32．According to the doctor, this time next week, I_______ around as normal and the cut on my foot _______ completely. A．am walking, healed B．will be walking, will have healed C．walks, is going to heal D．have been walking, heals 33．—I know you to China many years ago. And how long have you in China? — I don’t remember it exactly. A．come; live B．came; come C．come; come D．came; lived 34．Recent years ______ a significant increase in the use of AI across different aspects of human life. A．saw B．see C．are seeing D．have seen 35．Nearly seventeen centuries ________ before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. A．has rolled away B．had rolled away C．rolled away D．was rolling away 36．—I really shouldn’t have been so rude and lost my temper. —Well. I ______ you to hold back your anger, but... A．have reminded B．had reminded C．would remind D．reminded 37．Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, ________ from lower forms of life. A．evolved B．had evolved C．have evolved D．were evolving 38．I want to pay a visit to my parents; I _________in the foreign country for five months by next Sunday. A．have been staying B．will have stayed C．have stayed D．will be staying 39．Since its establishment, the Flying Tiger Historical Association ______ to friendly interactions between the Chinese and American people. A．has contributed B．has been contributing C．contributed D．contributes 40．— I hear Katherine won the first prize in the English Speech Contest held last Sunday. — There is no surprise. She _________ for weeks. A．has been practicing B．is practicing C．had been practicing D．practiced 二、语法填空 1 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There are moments in life 41 you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When one door of happiness closes, 42 opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 43 (open) for us. Don't go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone 44 makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Dream what you want 45 (dream); go where you want to go; be what you want to be. The 46 (happy) people don't 47 (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 48 (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a 49 (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone 50 you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying. 2 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A grape seed that falls into the soil of Xinjiang is very fortunate, as Xinjiang is 51 (well) suited for growing grapes than anywhere else. Here, a grape seed can grow to its full potential. 52 its high altitudes(海拔), long periods of dry weather and abundant sunshine, Xinjiang produces fruits with extremely high sugar content. Every fall, a large number of grapes are shipped from Xinjiang to other parts of China, 53 the rest are made into raisins for easy storage. In the vineyards of Moyu, thanks to the hot and dry climate that results from being surrounded by the desert, huge quantities of large and 54 (juice) grapes with very thin skins are produced. These grapes bring wealth as well as their delicious 55 (sweet) to the locals. In mid-September, 56 their Seedless White grapes ripen, local farmers are busy picking grapes 57 (transport) to other parts of the country. Bunches of glowing white grapes 58 (hang) on the vines, waiting to be picked. If you pick one and put 59 in your mouth, you will surely never forget the wonderful taste produced by the 60 (burn) sun and the desert wind of southern Xinjiang. 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During the American Civil War, a young man 61 (name) Roswell McIntyre was drafted into the army. The war was not going well. The army needed 62 (soldier) so much that he was sent into battle without being trained. Roswell became frightened and ran. Later he 63 (sentence) to be shot for desertion. Roswell's mother appealed to President Lincoln, 64 (beg) that he was young and inexperienced, and that he needed 65 second chance. Lincoln thought and prayed. Then he wrote an 66 (admiration) statement. “I have noticed, ” he said, “that it never does a boy much good to shoot him.” He wrote this letter in his own handwriting: “Roswell McIntyre 67 (be) to be readmitted into the army. When he serves out his required enlistment(服兵役期), he will be freed of any charges of desertion.” That letter, signed by President Lincoln, is 68 display in the Library of Congress. Beside it there is a note, 69 reads, “This letter was taken from the body of Roswell McIntyre, who died respectably at the Battle of Five Forks in Virginia.” Now you might be 70 (vast) surprised at the power of forgiveness. 4 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Anna had a car accident when she was a teenager. She lost her arms because of that. What’s worse, when she was twenty years old, she lost her parents. Her elder sister, 71 is ten years older than  her, told her she’d take care of her. However, Anna refused 72 (live) with her. Instead, she said she would take care of   73 (she). She managed to enter college and 74 (study) very hard. Four 75 (year) later, she graduated and was offered work. Once she wrote in her diary, “I am quite lucky. 76 I lost my arms, I still have my legs.” Anna lost her arms, but she chose to face it in a positive way. Instead of 77 (feel) sad every day, she decided not to let it hold her back. She has taught us 78 good lesson. When something bad happens to us, we have two 79 (choose). One is to complain, and the other is to face it   80 (brave). If we choose to escape, it will always follow us wherever we go. If we decided to be strong, new hopes will come. So choose wisely. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 时态与语态 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 考点一：英语常考的时态 考点二：被动语态的用法 进阶分级练 高考英语对时态与语态的考查以 “语境为核心、基础为重点”，强调语法知识在语篇中的实用价值。从考查范围来看，核心聚焦一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等高频时态，同时融合被动语态与主谓一致的综合运用。要求考生不仅需熟记各时态的构成规则与时间标志词（如一般现在时的 “often”“every day”，现在完成时的 “so far”“recently”），更要掌握被动语态中 “be + 过去分词” 的灵活变化，能根据主语与谓语的逻辑关系精准判断语态形式。 在命题形式与考查载体上，时态与语态主要通过语法填空题型进行检测，且占该题型总分值的 20%-30%，是核心必考点之一。题目依托说明文、记叙文等语篇设置，选材多贴近生活场景、文化传承或科技发展等话题。命题摒弃孤立的语法记忆考查，转而强调上下文逻辑的连贯性，需考生通过分析语篇中的时间线索、动作关系及情感态度，实现时态与语态的精准匹配。 从能力要求与命题趋势来看，高考更注重时态、语态与其他语法点的融合运用及语境推理能力。近年真题中，同一语篇常同时涉及时态判断、被动语态及主谓一致，也隐含主谓一致规则。预计未来仍将以语法填空为主要形式，重点考查一般现在时、现在完成时的语态及时态辨析，同时增加长难句中的语法拆解要求，强调 “语法服务于语篇” 的核心导向，需考生在夯实基础的同时，提升语境分析与知识整合能力。 考点一：英语常考的时态 时态是高考英语语法的核心考点，贯穿听力、单选、完形填空、语法填空和书面表达等题型。以下是高考学考中最常考的 8 种时态。 一、一般现在时（Simple Present Tense） 1.基本概念 表示经常性、习惯性的动作，或客观事实、真理，也可用于描述当前的状态或特征。 2.基本结构主语（第一、二人称 / 复数）+ 动词原形 主语（第三人称单数）+ 动词第三人称单数形式（如：work→works，teach→teaches） 3.标记词语 always（总是）、usually（通常）、often（经常）、sometimes（有时）、every day/week/month（每天 / 周 / 月）、once a week（一周一次）等。 例句： We go to school at 7:30 every morning. （我们每天早上 7 点半去上学。—— 表习惯性动作） The earth goes around the sun. （地球绕着太阳转。—— 表客观真理） She is good at playing the piano. （她擅长弹钢琴。—— 表当前状态） 二、一般过去时（Simple Past Tense） 1.基本概念 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，动作通常已结束，不与现在产生联系。 2. 基本结构 主语 + 动词过去式（如：play→played，eat→ate，see→saw） 3.标记词语 yesterday（昨天）、last night/week/year（昨晚 / 上周 / 去年）、just now（刚才）、in 2020（在 2020 年）、two days ago（两天前）等。 例句： He finished his homework at 9 o'clock last night. （他昨晚 9 点完成了作业。—— 表过去特定时间的动作） They were in Beijing three years ago. （三年前他们在北京。—— 表过去的状态） 三、一般将来时（Simple Future Tense） 1.基本概念 表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或存在的状态，或计划、打算做某事。 3. 基本结构 will + 动词原形（所有人称通用，表客观将来或临时决定） be going to + 动词原形（be 随主语变化，表计划、打算或有迹象要发生的事） 3.标记词语 tomorrow（明天）、next week/month（下周 / 月）、in the future（在将来）、soon（很快）、this afternoon（今天下午）等。 例句： We will visit the Great Wall next month. （下个月我们将参观长城。—— 表计划好的将来动作） It is going to rain—look at the dark clouds. （天要下雨了 —— 看那些乌云。—— 表有迹象的将来） He will help you if you ask him. （如果你求他，他会帮你的。—— 表条件下的将来） 四、现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense） 1.基本概念 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作，或当前一段时间内正在进行的动作（说话时未必正在做）。 2. 基本结构 主语 + am/is/are + 动词 - ing 形式（如：read→reading，run→running） 3.标记词语 now（现在）、at the moment（此刻）、look（看）、listen（听）等；无标志词时需结合语境判断 “当前进行”。 例句： Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. （听！有人在隔壁房间唱歌。—— 此时此刻的动作） She is learning French this term. （这学期她正在学法语。—— 当前一段时间的动作） My father is working in his office now. （我爸爸现在正在他的办公室工作。—— 此时此刻的状态） 五、过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense） 1.基本概念 表示过去某个时间点或时间段内正在进行的动作，常与一般过去时搭配，描述 “过去某个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行”。 3. 基本结构 主语 + was/were + 动词 - ing 形式（第一、三人称单数用 was，复数 / 第二人称用 were） 3.标记词语 at 8 o'clock last night（昨晚 8 点）、this time yesterday（昨天这个时候）、when（当…… 时，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时）、while（当…… 时，主从句常均用过去进行时）等。 例句： I was watching TV when the phone rang. （电话响的时候，我正在看电视。——“电话响” 是过去瞬间动作，“看电视” 是当时正在进行的动作） They were playing basketball this time yesterday. （昨天这个时候他们正在打篮球。—— 过去某个时间段的进行动作） While my mother was cooking, my father was cleaning the room. （我妈妈做饭的时候，我爸爸正在打扫房间。—— 过去同时进行的两个动作） 六、现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense） 1.基本概念 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去开始持续到现在的动作 / 状态（常与 “for + 时间段”“since + 时间点” 连用）。 2. 基本结构 主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词（第一、二人称 / 复数用 have，第三人称单数用 has；如：eat→eaten，write→written） 3.标记词语 already（已经，肯定句）、yet（还，否定句 / 疑问句）、just（刚刚）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、for two years（两年了）、since 2019（自从 2019 年以来）、so far（到目前为止）等。 例句： I have finished my homework, so I can watch TV now. （我已经做完作业了，所以现在可以看电视了。—— 过去动作对现在的影响） He has lived in Shanghai since he was 10 years old. （他从 10 岁起就住在上海了。—— 过去开始持续到现在的状态） Have you ever been to Beijing? （你曾经去过北京吗？—— 询问过去经历对现在的影响） 七、过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense） 1.基本概念 表示在过去某个动作之前已经完成的动作，即 “过去的过去”，常与一般过去时搭配，强调动作的先后顺序。 3. 基本结构 主语 + had + 动词过去分词（所有人称通用，如：leave→left→had left） 3.标记词语 by the time（到…… 时候为止）、before（在…… 之前）、after（在…… 之后）、until（直到……）等；或通过语境判断 “过去的过去”。 例句： By the time I got to the station, the train had left. （我到车站的时候，火车已经开走了。——“火车开走” 是 “我到车站” 之前的动作，即 “过去的过去”） She had learned 500 English words before she entered middle school. （她上中学之前已经学了 500 个英语单词了。——“学单词” 在 “上中学” 之前，即 “过去的过去”） He told me that he had visited the museum twice. （他告诉我他已经去过那个博物馆两次了。——“参观博物馆” 在 “告诉” 之前，即 “过去的过去”） 八、现在完成进行时（Present Perfect Continuous Tense） 1.基本概念 表示从过去开始，持续到现在，并且仍在进行的动作，强调动作的 “持续性” 和 “未完成性”。 2. 基本结构 主语 + have/has + been + 动词 - ing 形式（have/has 的用法同现在完成时） 3.标记词语 since（自从）、for（持续…… 时间）、all day（一整天）、recently（最近）等，强调 “持续到现在”。 例句： She has been studying English for 3 hours. She is still tired. （她已经学了 3 个小时英语了，现在还很累。—— 动作持续到现在，仍在进行） It has been raining since last night. The ground is still wet. （从昨晚开始就一直在下雨，地面现在还是湿的。—— 动作持续到现在，未完成） They have been working on this project recently. （最近他们一直在做这个项目。—— 当前一段时间持续进行的动作） 考点二：被动语态的用法 一、语态的基本概念 英语语态（Voice）是动词的一种形式，用于表示主语与谓语动词之间的关系，分为两种核心类型：主动语态（Active Voice） 和被动语态（Passive Voice）。 主动语态：主语是动作的发出者（即 “谁做了某事”），句子结构更简洁，是日常表达的主要形式。 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者（即 “某事被谁做了”），强调动作的结果或承受者，常省略动作发出者（by 短语）。 二、主动语态：结构与例句 1. 基本结构 主语（动作发出者）+ 谓语动词（主动形式）+ 宾语（动作承受者）（时态通过谓语动词变化体现，如一般现在时、一般过去时等） 2. 常考时态的主动语态举例 时态 结构 例句（英文） 译文 一般现在时 主语 + do/does She cleans the classroom every day. 她每天打扫教室。（主语 “她” 是 “打扫” 的发出者） 一般过去时 主语 + did He finished his homework last night. 他昨晚完成了作业。（主语 “他” 是 “完成” 的发出者） 现在进行时 主语 + am/is/are + doing They are planting trees in the park now. 他们现在正在公园里种树。（主语 “他们” 是 “种植” 的发出者） 过去进行时 主语 + was/were + doing I was reading a novel at 8 p.m. yesterday. 昨天晚上 8 点我正在看一本小说。（主语 “我” 是 “阅读” 的发出者） 现在完成时 主语 + have/has + done We have learned 2000 English words so far. 到目前为止，我们已经学了 2000 个英语单词。（主语 “我们” 是 “学习” 的发出者） 三、被动语态：核心考点 1. 基本结构 主语（动作承受者）+ be 动词 + 过去分词（done） + （by + 动作发出者）（be 动词的时态需根据语境变化，过去分词永远不变） 2. 常考时态的被动语态举例 时态 被动结构 例句（英文） 译文 一般现在时 am/is/are + done The classroom is cleaned every day (by her). 教室每天都被（她）打扫。（强调 “教室” 被打扫的结果） 一般过去时 was/were + done The homework was finished last night (by him). 作业昨晚被（他）完成了。（强调 “作业” 被完成的结果） 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + done Trees are being planted in the park now (by them). 现在公园里正在种树（被他们种）。（强调 “树” 正在被种植的过程） 过去进行时 was/were + being + done A novel was being read by me at 8 p.m. yesterday. 昨天晚上 8 点，一本小说正在被我阅读。（强调 “小说” 被阅读的过程） 现在完成时 have/has + been + done 2000 English words have been learned by us so far. 到目前为止，2000 个英语单词已经被我们学会了。（强调 “单词” 被学会的结果） 一般将来时 will be + done / am/is/are going to be done The meeting will be held tomorrow (by the teacher). 会议明天将被（老师）召开。（强调 “会议” 被召开的计划） 情态动词 情态动词（can/may/must 等）+ be + done This problem can be solved easily (by you). 这个问题（被你）很容易解决。（强调 “问题” 被解决的可能性） 3. 被动语态的特殊用法 （1）省略 “by + 动作发出者” 的情况：当动作发出者不明确、不重要或无需强调时（高考中 90% 的被动句会省略）。 例：Rice is grown in the south of China.（中国南方种植水稻。无需强调 “谁种”，重点在 “水稻被种植”） （2）主动表被动的固定搭配：某些动词（如 look, sound, taste, feel, smell）或短语（如 be worth doing, need doing）虽用主动形式，但表达被动含义。 例 1：The dish tastes delicious.（这道菜尝起来很美味。“taste” 主动表 “被品尝” 的结果） 例 2：The book is worth reading.（这本书值得一读。“reading” 主动表 “被读” 的含义） （3）不及物动词无被动语态：如 happen（发生）、appear（出现）、disappear（消失）、arrive（到达）等，因无宾语，无法构成 “承受者”，故不能用于被动语态。 错误：A car accident was happened yesterday.（×） 正确：A car accident happened yesterday.（昨天发生了一场车祸。） 四、主动语态与被动语态的转换 转换规则： 把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语； 把主动句的谓语动词变为 “be + 过去分词”（时态不变）； 把主动句的主语变为 “by + 主语”（可省略，若主语是代词，需从主格变宾格，如 I→by me）。 例句： 主动句：She writes a letter every week.（她每周写一封信。） 被动句：A letter is written (by her) every week.（一封信每周被（她）写。） 主动句：They will build a new school next year.（他们明年将建一所新学校。） 被动句：A new school will be built (by them) next year.（一所新学校明年将被（他们）建造。） 考点精讲讲练 考点一：英语常考的时态 1．—Over the past 60 years, China’s high-speed railway ______ fast. —That’s true. The project of Jinan-Zhengzhou High-speed Railway ______ by the end of this year. A．has developed; will be completed B．is developing; will complete C．has developed; will complete D．is developing; will be completed 【答案】A 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：——60年来，中国高速铁路发展迅速。——这是真的。济郑高铁项目将于今年年底竣工。分析句子可知，第一空由Over the past 60 years可知，这里时态应用现在完成时；第二空The project与 complete为被动关系，再由by the end of this year可知，这里时态可用一般将来时的被动语态。故选A项。 2．—I know your father ______ to a lot of cities, but what about your mother? —My mother? She ______ to Jinan the day after tomorrow. A．has gone; went B．has been; will go C．has gone; goes D．has been; has gone 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——我知道你父亲去过很多城市，但是你母亲呢？——我妈妈吗？她后天要去济南。第一空为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“曾经去过某地，人已经回来”，应使用have been to，而have gone to表示“到某地去了，在路上或者已经到达那里”，该句表示的是曾经去过某地，所以使用have been to，主语为第三人称单数，所以使用has been；第二空为谓语动词，根据时间状语the day after tomorrow，此处使用一般将来时，所以谓语动词为will go。故选B项。 3．—Miss Hu, I haven’t seen you for a long time. —Yes. I ________ as a volunteer nurse in Shanghai for a month. I came back yesterday. A．worked B．am working C．have worked D．work 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——胡小姐，我很久没见到你了。——是的。我在上海做了一个月的志愿护士。我昨天回来的。根据“I came back yesterday.”可知，这里作为志愿者护士的动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时。故选A。 4．— When can you finish your report? — Don’t be worried. I ______ it by 5 o’clock this afternoon. A．will have completed B．will be completing C．have completed D．will complete 【答案】A 【解析】考查时态。句意：——你什么时候能完成你的报告？——别担心。我将在今天下午五点钟之前完成它。A. will have completed 将已经完成（将来完成时，表示到将来某一时间点将已完成的动作；B. will be completing 将在完成（将来进行时，表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作）；C. have completed 已经完成（现在完成时，表示动作已经完成，对现在有影响）；D. will complete 将要完成（一般将来时，表示将要发生的动作）。根据“by 5 o’clock this afternoon”，到今天下午五点钟这个时间点前，报告会被完成，因此需要使用将来完成时态，强调到那个时间点动作已经完成的结果。故选A。 5．John said he ________ there at 8 o’clock, but he didn’t come when we got there. A．will be B．won’t be C．would be D．would not be 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去将来时。句意：约翰说他8点钟到那儿，但我们到那儿时他没有来。结合语境可知，宾语从句的动作在当时尚未发生，从句时态应用将来时，再结合“said”可知，主句使用一般过去时，从句时态应用过去将来时，可排除A和B项，且根据“but he didn’t come when we got there”可知，约翰说的是“他8点钟到那儿”。故选C。 1．At the ongoing international technology conference, many a research team ______ innovative solutions to global energy challenges. A．are presenting B．is presenting C．was presenting D．were presenting 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在正在进行的国际技术会议上，许多研究团队提出了应对全球能源挑战的创新解决方案。由At the ongoing international technology conference可知，句子时态是现在进行时，“many a+可数名词的单数形式”作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，因此空格处是is presenting。故选B。 2．—You shouldn’t have let your daughter come home alone late at night. —You are right. Luckily, she________her friends on the way home. A．has met B．had met C．met D．would meet 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——你不应该让你女儿深夜独自回家。——你说得对。幸运的是，她在回家的路上遇到了她的朋友。根据前者所说的内容中的“shouldn’t have let...”可知，此处描述的是“不应该发生的事情，却发生了，所以此处表示发生在过去的事情， “遇到朋友”也是发生在过去的一个动作，对话的时间背景一致，因此使用一般过去时met。故选C项。 3．I won’t tell the student the answer to the problem until he ______ on it for more than an hour. A．had worked B．has been working C．will have worked D．will have been working 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我不会告诉那个学生这道题的答案，直到他做了一个多小时。根据时间状语for more than an hour可知，用现在完成进行时，表示学生在解决问题这个动作的持续性。故选B。 4．It ______ heavily all day and we have no option but to cancel the meeting. A．is raining B．has been raining C．will be raining D．was raining 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：雨下了一整天，我们别无选择，只好取消会议。根据“all day”和“we have no option but to cancel the meeting”可知，rain“下雨”的行为从过去开始一直持续到现在，且可能会继续下去，因此用现在完成进行时。故选B。 5．I first read the fashion magazine over a decade ago and _________ to it since. A．subscribed B．had subscribed C．have subscribed D．was subscribing 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：我第一次读这本时尚杂志是在十多年前，从那以后我就订阅了它。根据since可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词短语subscribe to意为“订阅”。故选C。 6．—Hey! Kate, what about your last winter camp in Hainan? —Oh! It _________ some sweet memories in my heart in the past several months. A．leaves B．is leaving C．has left D．will leave 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：——嘿!凯特，你上次在海南的冬令营怎么样? ——哦!在过去的几个月里，它在我心中留下了一些甜蜜的回忆。根据时间状语in the past several months可知，此处表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。主谓一致，故选C项。 7．Julia_________ every day and her school day begins with morning _________. A．exercise; exercise B．exercises; exercise C．exercise; exercises D．exercises; exercises 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词时态和固定搭配。句意：Julia每天锻炼，她的学校生活从早操开始。exercise意为“锻炼”，既是动词也是名词，同时既是可数名词，也是不可数名词，表示平时锻炼时是不可数名词，作可数名词，翻译成“……操”，如早操，眼保间操等。根据时间状语every day和begins可知，空处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。主语是Julia，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故空一填表示“锻炼”的动词第三人称单数exercises；根据空前morning可知，空二考查名词的固定搭配morning exercise表示“早操，晨练”，是可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故选D项。 8．Not until he went abroad to further his study _______ the importance of English. A．has he found B．he has found C．did he find D．he had found 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般过去时和部分倒装。句意：直到他出国留学才发现英语的重要性。根据“Not until he went abroad to further his study”可知，此处应用一般过去时。not until位于句首，句子应用部分倒装。故选C。 9．— I didn’t go back to my hometown for Spring Festival because of COVID-19. — _________. This is the most special festival that I _________. A．So did I; spent B．Neither did I; have spent C．Neither did I; spent D．So it is; have spent 【答案】B 【解析】考查倒装句和时态。句意：——因为新冠肺炎，我没有回老家过年。——我也没有。这是我度过的最特别的节日。根据 I didn’t go back...可知，第一空表示“我也没有回家过年”，应用“neither+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”的部分倒装结构，结合didn’t go可知，这里用助动词did。根据This is the most special festival可知，第二空应用现在完成时，“This is the+形容词最高级+名词+that从句”句式中，that从句要用现在完成时。故选B。 10．—Was it in 2003 ______ the Chinese astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon? —Yes. We ______ be proud of it then. A．when; do B．that; do C．which; did D．that; did 【答案】D 【解析】考查强调句型与助动词对动作的强调。——中国宇航员成功登月是在2003年吗？ ——是的。我们当时确实为此感到自豪。第一空为强调句型，强调的是时间in 2003，所以用that引导。第二空是对谓语进行强调，表示对动作强调用助动词do、does或者did+动词原形；此处描述的是过去的事情，所以用did。故选D。 考点二：被动语态的用法 1．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. A．is regarded B．regard C．are regarded D．regards 【答案】A 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：现在骑自行车，慢跑和游泳被认为是最好的全面锻炼方式之一。空处是句子的谓语动词，句子描述客观事实，时态为一般现在时，动词regard与主语之间是被动关系，因此要用被动语态，be regarded as⋅⋅⋅ 意为“被认为是……”。along with连接前后两个名词作主语时，谓语动词应与前者保持一致，即谓语动词应和cycling一致，应用单数形式，空处应填is regarded。故选A。 2．At present, yoga, along with deep breathing exercises and Tai chi, ______ one of the most beneficial activities for health and wellness. A．was considered B．is considered C．were considered D．are considered 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：目前，瑜伽与深呼吸练习和太极一起被认为是对健康最有益的活动之一。设空处使用动词作谓语，根据前文的at present可知，此处表示客观事实，同时句子的主语为yoga为单数，其与consider之间是被动关系，故使用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 3．—Alice, why aren’t you at work today? —I a day off. A．have given B．have been given C．gave D．was given 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：——爱丽丝，你今天怎么没来上班？——我请了一天假。此处描述动作发生在过去，但对现在产生结果或影响，应用现在完成时。be given a day off意为“请一天假”，为被动语态。故选B。 1．A new science museum ______ in our city, and it is expected to open next month. A．builds B．has built C．built D．is being built 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：我们市正在建造一座新的科学博物馆，预计下个月开放。句子主语“A new science museum（新科学博物馆）”与谓语动词“build（建造）”之间为被动关系，因此需用被动语态；由后半句“it is expected to open next month（预计下月开放）”可知，博物馆目前“正在建造中”，尚未完工，故应用现在进行时的被动语态be being done。故选D项。 2．The young man ______ an explanation a second time, but he was still at a loss to know how to address the problem. A．gave B．had given C．has been given D．had been given 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这个年轻人第二次得到了解释，但他仍然不知道如何解决这个问题。分析句子可知，句中“but he was still at a loss...”使用了一般过去时，而“give an explanation”这个动作发生在“was still at a loss”之前，即过去的过去，所以要用过去完成时。同时，“the young man”和“give an explanation”之间是被动关系，即“这个年轻人被给予解释”，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态“had been given”。故选D项。 3．Currently, almost 50 percent of jobs, including journalism, ______ with technology that can operate automatically. A．has been replacing B．is being replaced C．have been replacing D．are being replaced 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：目前，包括新闻业在内的近50%的工作岗位正在被可以自动操作的技术所取代。根据句中Currently可知，句子陈述的是现在正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时，且句子主语almost 50 percent of jobs与replace之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，almost 50 percent of jobs是复数，be动词用are。故选D。 4．Helen has been taken to the headmaster’s and she ________ about what happened in their dormitory last night. A．questioned B．was being questioned C．had questioned D．is being questioned 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：海伦已经被带到校长那里，她正在被询问昨晚在她们宿舍发生的事情。空格处是谓语动词，根据上文的Helen has been taken to the headmaster’s(海伦被带到校长那里去了)可知，海伦肯定是正在被询问昨晚在她们宿舍发生的事情，所以应该用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D项。 5．The professor, as well as a larger number of students, _______ the program, which will be carried out this summer. A．was attracted to B．were attracted to C．has been attracted to D．have been attracted to 【答案】C 【解析】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：这位教授以及许多学生都被这个将于今年夏天实施的项目所吸引。句中为“A as well as B”结构作主语，谓语动词的单复数形式要与A保持一致，即与The professor保持一致，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式，后文“which will be carried out this summer”表明这个项目还未实施，“被吸引”这个动作对现在产生了影响（即现在已经被吸引了，才会和项目有后续关联），所以用现在完成时更合适。“was attracted to”是一般过去时，只强调过去某个时间的动作，不能很好地体现对现在的影响，“has been attracted to”是现在完成时的被动语态，符合语境。故选C。 训练 一、单项选择 1．—Alice, why aren’t you at work today? —I a day off. A．have given B．have been given C．gave D．was given 2．When rebuilding the ancient city after the earthquake, the local government made sure that the original cultures and architecture __________ carefully preserved. A．are B．were C．have been D．had been 3．Over the years most of his songs ________ and played in every possible way—from jazz to country. A．are being sing B．have been sung C．were singing D．had been sung 4．-There’s a lot of wind in North China. -Well, more trees ______ every year to stop the wind. A．be planted B．should plant C．should be planted D．can plant 5．To the teacher’s anger, the silly questions ______ by this student many times up to now. A．has been asked B．have been asked C．was asked D．ask 6．The local health organization is reported________twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audubon became its first president. A．to be set up B．being set up C．to have been set up D．having been set up 7．Linda as well as her two close friends into universities in Beijing last year. A．was admitted B．were admitted C．has been admitted D．had been admitted 8．It’s amazing that the ocean contains 99% of the living space on the planet and yet less than 10% of that space ________ by humans up to now. A．has been explored B．is being explored C．have been explored D．are being explored 9．The former minister was finally found innocent, although he ________of allowing false rumour to spread before the election. A．was accused B．had been accused C．has been accused D．would be accused 10．The issue ________ at this moment yesterday by the company’s managers. A．was being discussed B．is being discussed C．had discussed D．was discussing 11．-- ______? --Yes, a bit cold, though. A．Freezing, isn't it B．Nice day, isn't it C．Bad weather, don't you think D．Cold weather, isn't it 12．If something you,you may ask her for help. A．worries B．happens C．worry D．worried 13．If Jim free tomorrow,I will ask Tom to go instead. A．doesn’t be B．isn’t C．won’t D．won’t be 14．A public company ________ the possibility of joining the two departments. A．is looking up B．were looking up C．is looking into D．were looking into 15．Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane ________. A．takes off B．took off C．is taking off D．has taken off 16．Nowadays the growth of food delivery apps in China ______ the country with takeout containers and plastic bags. A．have drowned B．has been drowned C．is drowning D．are drowned 17．—How do you find Apple? —I’m a little worried. It ________ its share in Chinese mobile market with our domestic brands such as Huawei speeding up their development. A．is losing B．was losing C．would lose D．had lost 18．Shadow puppets ______ in China and ______ as far as Turkey and Greece today. A．will originate; have been spreading B．originate; will be spreading C．was originated; is spreading D．originated; have spread 19．She ________that the glass would break while opening the window. A．has frightened B．was frightened C．frightened D．had frightened 20．The students spent as much time getting trained as they ______ studying. A．disliked B．were C．had D．did 21．—What’s up? You didn’t pick up my phone just now. —I’m sorry that I______ the football game with my children, but it’s done now. A．was watching B．watch C．watched D．am watching 22．I haven’t finished my homework yet. I ______ my mother in the kitchen all day yesterday. A．have been helping B．was helping C．had helped D．have helped 23．This time yesterday Jack _________his bike. A．is repairing B．was repairing C．repairs D．repaired 24．As he has been in a terrible state of mind these days, on no account_____succeed in the coming English speech competition. A．has he B．does he C．will he D．he will 25．There ______ an English Evening next Tuesday. A．was B．will be C．will have D．is going to have 26．—Do you know if he ________ to play basketball with us? —I think he will come if he ________ free tomorrow. A．comes; is B．comes; will come C．will come; is D．will come; will come 27．—Have you decided which university are you going to apply for? —Not yet. Before I make the final decision, I ______ it with my parents and my teachers. A．discuss B．discussed C．was discussing D．will discuss 28．Let’s keep to the point or we __________ any decisions. A．will never reach B．have never reached C．never reach D．never reached 29．The computers made by our company sell well, but several years ago no one could imagine the role in the market that they ________． A．has played B．were to play C．had played D．played 30．Hundreds of people spent good money on an experience that they knew ______ crowds, discomfort and danger. A．include B．will include C．included D．would include 31．— Could you attend the lecture about city development tomorrow afternoon? — Sorry, I ______ to Paris for a Chinese silk exhibition then. A．will be flying B．will fly C．fly D．am flying 32．According to the doctor, this time next week, I_______ around as normal and the cut on my foot _______ completely. A．am walking, healed B．will be walking, will have healed C．walks, is going to heal D．have been walking, heals 33．—I know you to China many years ago. And how long have you in China? — I don’t remember it exactly. A．come; live B．came; come C．come; come D．came; lived 34．Recent years ______ a significant increase in the use of AI across different aspects of human life. A．saw B．see C．are seeing D．have seen 35．Nearly seventeen centuries ________ before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place. A．has rolled away B．had rolled away C．rolled away D．was rolling away 36．—I really shouldn’t have been so rude and lost my temper. —Well. I ______ you to hold back your anger, but... A．have reminded B．had reminded C．would remind D．reminded 37．Many people refused to believe that living things, including humans, ________ from lower forms of life. A．evolved B．had evolved C．have evolved D．were evolving 38．I want to pay a visit to my parents; I _________in the foreign country for five months by next Sunday. A．have been staying B．will have stayed C．have stayed D．will be staying 39．Since its establishment, the Flying Tiger Historical Association ______ to friendly interactions between the Chinese and American people. A．has contributed B．has been contributing C．contributed D．contributes 40．— I hear Katherine won the first prize in the English Speech Contest held last Sunday. — There is no surprise. She _________ for weeks. A．has been practicing B．is practicing C．had been practicing D．practiced 二、语法填空 1 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There are moments in life 41 you miss some people so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When one door of happiness closes, 42 opens, but often we look so long at the closed door that we don't see the one which 43 (open) for us. Don't go for looks; they can deceive (欺骗). Don't go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone 44 makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Dream what you want 45 (dream); go where you want to go; be what you want to be. The 46 (happy) people don't 47 (necessary) have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that 48 (come) along their way. The brightest future will always be based on a 49 (forget) past. When you were born, you were crying and everyone 50 you was smiling. Live your life so that when you die, you're the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying. 2 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A grape seed that falls into the soil of Xinjiang is very fortunate, as Xinjiang is 51 (well) suited for growing grapes than anywhere else. Here, a grape seed can grow to its full potential. 52 its high altitudes(海拔), long periods of dry weather and abundant sunshine, Xinjiang produces fruits with extremely high sugar content. Every fall, a large number of grapes are shipped from Xinjiang to other parts of China, 53 the rest are made into raisins for easy storage. In the vineyards of Moyu, thanks to the hot and dry climate that results from being surrounded by the desert, huge quantities of large and 54 (juice) grapes with very thin skins are produced. These grapes bring wealth as well as their delicious 55 (sweet) to the locals. In mid-September, 56 their Seedless White grapes ripen, local farmers are busy picking grapes 57 (transport) to other parts of the country. Bunches of glowing white grapes 58 (hang) on the vines, waiting to be picked. If you pick one and put 59 in your mouth, you will surely never forget the wonderful taste produced by the 60 (burn) sun and the desert wind of southern Xinjiang. 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During the American Civil War, a young man 61 (name) Roswell McIntyre was drafted into the army. The war was not going well. The army needed 62 (soldier) so much that he was sent into battle without being trained. Roswell became frightened and ran. Later he 63 (sentence) to be shot for desertion. Roswell's mother appealed to President Lincoln, 64 (beg) that he was young and inexperienced, and that he needed 65 second chance. Lincoln thought and prayed. Then he wrote an 66 (admiration) statement. “I have noticed, ” he said, “that it never does a boy much good to shoot him.” He wrote this letter in his own handwriting: “Roswell McIntyre 67 (be) to be readmitted into the army. When he serves out his required enlistment(服兵役期), he will be freed of any charges of desertion.” That letter, signed by President Lincoln, is 68 display in the Library of Congress. Beside it there is a note, 69 reads, “This letter was taken from the body of Roswell McIntyre, who died respectably at the Battle of Five Forks in Virginia.” Now you might be 70 (vast) surprised at the power of forgiveness. 4 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Anna had a car accident when she was a teenager. She lost her arms because of that. What’s worse, when she was twenty years old, she lost her parents. Her elder sister, 71 is ten years older than  her, told her she’d take care of her. However, Anna refused 72 (live) with her. Instead, she said she would take care of   73 (she). She managed to enter college and 74 (study) very hard. Four 75 (year) later, she graduated and was offered work. Once she wrote in her diary, “I am quite lucky. 76 I lost my arms, I still have my legs.” Anna lost her arms, but she chose to face it in a positive way. Instead of 77 (feel) sad every day, she decided not to let it hold her back. She has taught us 78 good lesson. When something bad happens to us, we have two 79 (choose). One is to complain, and the other is to face it   80 (brave). If we choose to escape, it will always follow us wherever we go. If we decided to be strong, new hopes will come. So choose wisely. 参考答案 一、 1．B 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：——爱丽丝，你今天怎么没来上班？——我请了一天假。此处描述动作发生在过去，但对现在产生结果或影响，应用现在完成时。be given a day off意为“请一天假”，为被动语态。故选B。 2．B 【解析】考查时态。句意：在地震后重建古城时，当地政府确保原始文化和建筑得到了精心保护。由made sure可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，preserve是that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词，与主语cultures and architects是被动关系，用被动语态，且主语是复数，故选B。 3．B 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：多年来，他的大部分歌曲以各种可能的方式被演唱和演奏——从爵士乐到乡村音乐。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据该句时间状语Over the years可知，此处为现在完成时，结合songs和动词sing为被动关系，所以为现在完成时的被动语态结构。故选B项。 4．C 【解析】考查情态动词和语态。句意：——中国北方风很大。——嗯，每年应该种更多的树来挡风。主语more trees与plant之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据句意，用情态动词should，表示“应该，应当”之意，即should be planted。故选C。 5．B 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：让老师生气的是，到目前为止这个愚蠢的问题已经被这个学生问了许多次了。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，谓语动词使用被动语态，根据时间状语up to now可知句子表示的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，谓语动词使用现在完成时的被动语态，又因主语the silly questions为复数，谓语动词不使用单数第三人称形式，故选B项。 6．C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，当地卫生组织成立于25年前，当时奥杜邦博士成为该组织的第一任主席。此处是固定搭配：be reported to do意为“据报道”，所以空白处要填“to do”的形式。set up这一动作发生在is reported之前，所以要用完成时态，又set up和逻辑主语local health organization之间是被动关系，用被动语态，空处应填to have been set up。故选C项。 7．A 【解析】考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：琳达和她的两个密友去年被北京的大学录取了。动词admit意为“准许……加入；接收入院”，结合last year可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，且Linda as well as her two close friends有admit为被动关系，句子用一般过去时的被动语态，as well as连接两个成分作主语时，其后的谓语通常要与前面一个主语保持一致，本句谓语与Linda一致，be动词用was。选项A为一般过去时的被动语态，选项B为一般过去时的被动语态，选项C为现在完成时的被动语态，选项D为过去完成时的被动语态。故选A。 8．A 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：令人惊讶的是，海洋包含了地球上99%的生存空间，但到目前为止，人类探索的空间还不到10%。根据句中时间状语up to now可知，此处应用现在完成时态，主语10% of that space与动词explore是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态，且主语是单数，故谓语动词用单数。故选A。 9．B 【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：这位前部长最终被判无罪，尽管他被指控在选举前允许虚假谣言传播。分析句子可知，accuse与主语是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，且accuse发生在主句谓语动词之前，属于过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故选B项。 10．A 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：昨天这个时候公司的经理们正在讨论这个问题分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语at this moment yesterday可知，此处应为过去进行时，且discuss与句子主语The issue之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去进行时态的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词应为was being discussed。 11．B 【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：--天气不错吧？ --是的，不过有点冷。根据答句“不过有一点冷”可知存在转折关系，可推知问句是表示好天气。故选B项。 12．A 【解析】考查时态。句意：如果有什么事让你担心，你可以向她求助。A. worries动词第三人称单数，烦忧；B. happens 动词第三人称单数，发生；C. worry动词，烦忧；D. worried动词过去式，烦忧。根据语境可知，根据语境可知，if引到的条件状语从句中，如果主句有情态动词，从句一般用一般现在时表一般将来时，something做主语，看作单数。且happen为不及物动词，后面不能加宾语，所以排除B选项。故选A项。 13．B 【解析】考查时态。句意：如果明天吉姆没有空，我就叫汤姆去。根据主将从现原则，if引导的条件状语从句中要用一般现在时态代替一般故将来时态。故选B项。 14．C 【解析】考查主谓一致和动词短语辨析。句意：一家上市公司正在研究合并这两个部门的可能性。分析句子可知，这里主语A public company，为第三人称单数形式，所以排除答案B、D；且look up 表“查询”，look into表“考查、研究”，由句意可知，这里表示“研究”合并这两个部门的可能性。故选C项。 15．C 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：女士们先生们，请系好安全带。飞机正在起飞。分析句子可知，该句动词短语take off是趋向性动词，动词go，come，leave及词组take off等趋向性动词可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。故选C项。 16．C 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：如今，中国外卖应用程序的增长正在用外卖容器和塑料袋淹没这个国家。分析句意可知，空格处填写谓语动词drown“淹没”的某种形式；根据时间状语nowadays“现在”可知用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，且谓语动词和主语the growth of food delivery apps“外卖应用程序的增长”为主谓关系，用主动语态即可；选项A为现在完成时，选项B为现在完成时的被动形式，选项C为现在进行时，选项D为一般现在时的被动形式。故选C项。 17．A 【解析】考查时态。句意：——你觉得苹果怎么样？——我有点担心。随着华为等本土品牌加快发展，它正在失去在中国移动市场的份额。结合语境可知，此处描述目前一段时间正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时。故选A。 18．D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：皮影戏起源于中国，现在已经传播到土耳其和希腊。第一空陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。originate“起源”，为不及物动词，没有被动语态；第二空根据时间状语“today”可知，用现在完成时态。故选D。 19．B 【解析】考查时态。句意：她害怕打开窗户时玻璃会碎。be frightened that…“对……事情感到害怕”。根据that从句中的would break可知，该句描述的是过去发生的情况，所以用一般过去时态。A和D项的时态不对。而C项中的frighten可作动词，意为“使惊吓”，所以不符合句意。故选B。 20．D 【解析】考查时态和助动词。句意：学生们花在训练上的时间和学习上的时间一样多。A. disliked不喜欢；B. were是；C. had有，过去完成时中助动词；D. did做，一般过去时中助动词。句子表示“学生们花在训练上的时间和学习上的时间一样多”，空格处意为“花费”，由前面的spent可知，空格处也本应用spent，为了避免重复，可用did代替前面的动作。故选D。 21．A 【解析】考查时态。句意：——怎么了？你刚才没接我的电话。——很抱歉，我刚才正在和孩子们看足球比赛，不过现在已经结束了。根据语境可知，that从句的时态为过去进行时态，表示刚刚打电话时正在和孩子们看足球比赛着。故选A。 22．B 【解析】考查时态。句意：我还没有完成我的家庭作业。我昨天一整天都在厨房帮我妈妈。根据时间状语“all day yesterday”可知，表示过去的一段时间内正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时态。故选B。 23．B 【解析】考查时态。句意：昨天的这个时候杰克正在修他的自行车。A. is repairing动词repair的现在进行时；B. was repairing动词repair的过去进行时；C. repairs动词repair第三人称单数；D. repaired动词repair的过去式。根据句中的时间状语“This time yesterday”可知此句陈述的是过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故选B。 24．C 【解析】考查倒装句和时态。句意：因为这些天他的精神状态一直很糟糕，所以他不会在即将到来的英语演讲比赛中成功。on no account放在句首时，句子用倒装语序，排除D项，又根据in the coming English speech competition可判断句子用将来时，故选C。 25．B 【解析】考查一般将来时。句意：下周二将举办英语晚会。分析句子可知，句中时间状语是next Tuesday，因此使用一般将来时，且此句是there be句型。故选B项。 26．C 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：——你知道他是否会来和我们一起打篮球吗？——如果他明天有空，我想他会来的。A.comes来； is是；B.comes来; will come来；C.will come来； is是；D.will come来； will come来。分析题意可知，问句中的if作“是否”解，引导宾语从句，此处指“会来和我们一起打篮球”，故从句的谓语动词用一般将来时；而答语中的if意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句。英语中，在时间、条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时时，状语从句用一般现在时代替将来时，在其他从句中无此用法，故本题应选C。 27．D 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——你决定申请哪所大学了吗？——还没有。在我做出最后决定之前，我会和我的父母和老师讨论。根据句子结构，此处作谓语动词。由“Before I make the final decision”（在我做出最后决定之前），此句make为一般现在时，可推断“我和父母及老师讨论”应该是表将来时的动作，用用一般将来时加动词原形即will discuss。故选D项。 28．A 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：让我们紧扣主题，否则我们将永远无法做出任何决定。A.will never reach将不会达到；B.have never reached还没有达到；C.never reach从未达到；D.never reached从未达到。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是“祈使句+or+陈述句”，陈述句使用一般将来时态。故选A。 29．B 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我们公司生产的电脑卖得很好，但几年前没有人能想象到它们在市场上所扮演的角色。根据several years ago可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，由imagine可知，后面要跟一个将要发生的动作，因此使用过去将来时，可以使用was/were to do表达，，结合空格前的the role，可知表示过去想象电脑将会起到的作用。故选B。 30．D 【解析】考查时态。句意：数百人花了大价钱在一次他们明知道会包括拥挤、不舒适和危险的体验上。设空处为从句谓语，主句是一般过去时，从句表示从过去看将来，应用过去将来时，故选D。 31．A 【解析】考查时态。句意：——明天下午你能参加关于城市发展的讲座吗？——对不起，那个时候我正飞往巴黎去看中国的丝绸展。分析句子可知，then指代的就是tomorrow afternoon，表在将来的某一个时间正在做某事应用将来进行时。故选A项。 32．B 【解析】考查时态。句意：根据医生的说法，下周这个时候，我将会像往常一样走路，而且我脚上的伤口也将完全愈合。walk“走路”，heal“康复”。根据时间状语this time next week可知，这里描述的是将来某一时间点正在进行的动作，and前的句子时态应用将来进行时，即will be doing形式，本题用will be walking。the cut on my foot的“康复”是到那时已经完成的动作，and后的句子时态应用将来完成时，即will have done形式，本题用will have healed。故选B。 33．D 【解析】考查时态。句意：——我知道你多年前就来中国了。你在中国住了多久了？——我记不清了。根据过去时间短语many years ago可知，谓语动词使用过去式came，how long 与持续性动词连用，1ive是持续性动词，come是暂时性动词。根据语境可知，本句为现在完成时态，所以动词使用过去分词lived。故选D。 34．D 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：近年来，人工智能在人类生活的不同方面的应用显著增加。结合句意及“Recent years”可知，此处是描述过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响， 应用现在完成时，主语是名词复数，助动词使用have。故选D。 35．B 【解析】考查时态。句意：在庞贝城从沉寂的安息之地被挖掘出来之前，将近17个世纪已经过去了。根据句意，roll away(滚走，消散)表示的动作发生在was dug之前，即过去的过去，所以应用过去完成时。故选B。 36．B 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：——我真的不应该这么粗鲁，发脾气。 ——嗯。我提醒过你忍住怒火，但是……A. have reminded提醒（现在完成时）；B. had reminded提醒（过去完成时）；C. would remind提醒（过去将来时）；D. reminded提醒（一般过去时）。分析可知，lost my temper发生在过去，remind所表示的动作发生在过去的过去，应为过去完成时态，应为had reminded，故选B项。 37．B 【解析】考查时态。句意：许多人拒绝相信包括人类在内的生物是从低等生物进化而来的。根据语境可知，此处我们人类已经进化过来了，从句谓语动词应该用完成时态，结合主句动词refused，可知此处用过去完成时。故选B项。 38．B 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我想去看望我的父母；到下星期天为止，我在国外就呆了五个月了。根据句中的for months by next Sunday表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作，故用将来完成时。故选B。 39．B 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：飞虎历史协会自成立以来，为促进中美两国人民友好交往作出了积极贡献。动词短语contribute to意为“为……做贡献”，根据Since its establishment可知，此处是指动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在，且强调动作在这一段时间是一直正在进行的，应用现在完成进行时，主语是the Flying Tiger Historical Association，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 40．C 【解析】考查动词时态。句意——我听说Katherine在上周日举行的英语演讲比赛中获得了第一名。——没什么好惊讶的。她已经练习了好几个星期。分析句子时态可知，“练习”发生在“获奖”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时态，且根据后文for weeks可知“强调动作从过去的过去开始一直延续到过去某个时间点”应用过去完成进行时，故选C。 二、 1 41．when 42．another 43．has been opened 44．who 45．to dream 46．happiest 47．necessarily 48．comes 49．forgotten 50．around 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在生活中的一些体会：快乐的人不一定拥有最好的东西，他们只是珍惜人生中的一切，善于抓住生活中美好的一面，时刻对未来充满期许。 41．考查定语从句。句意：生命中很多时候你会特别想念一些人以至于你想把他们从梦中拉出来，紧紧地拥抱他们。在先行词为时间名词moments，从句中缺少时间状语，故填when。 42．考查形容词。句意：当一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开，但我们常常盯着那扇关闭的门太久，而看不到另一扇为我们打开的门。another意为“另一，又一”，符合语境，故填another。 43．考查时态和语态。句意：当一扇幸福之门关闭时，另一扇就会打开，但我们常常盯着那扇关闭的门太久，而看不到另一扇为我们打开的门。根据语境，从句中的谓语应为现在完成时的被动语态，故填has been opened。 44．考查定语从句的先行词。句意：寻找那些让你微笑的人，因为仅一个微笑就能让黑暗的一天雨过天晴。先行词someone是指人的不定代词，定语从句中谓语动词makes缺主语，故填who。 45．考查动词的固定搭配。句意：做你想做的梦吧.去你想去的地方吧.成为你想成为的人吧。动词want后面加动词不定式，故此处应填to dream。 46．考查形容词的最高级。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。由空前的the和空后的best可知此处要用最高级，此处应填happiest。 47．考查副词。句意：最快乐的人不需要拥有世界上最好的东西。动词have要用副词来修饰，故填necessarily，意为“必要地”。 48．考查时态。句意：他们只是充分利用他们所拥有的东西。他们这里说的是客观事实，故用一般现在时；定语从句的关系代词that指代先行词everything，故该空填动词的第三人称单数comes。 49．考查过去分词。句意：忘掉过去你将迎来美好的未来。Forgotten是forget的过去分词。名词past意为“过去”，和forget之间为动宾关系，故填过去分词作定语，故填forgotten。 50．考查副词。句意：当你出生时，你在哭泣而你周边的人在微笑。around意为“环绕，在周围”，符合语境，故填around。 【点睛】that在定语从句中是既可以指人也可以 指物，当先行词是all, something,nothing等不定代词用that，这是that和which在比较是都在指物的情况下，不包括指人时。当先行词是those, one ,ones, anyone ,someone等并且指人时，我们只用who。 从句中要注意先行词和动词的对应关系。一般现在时主语为第三人称单数，动词要用三单；主语为非第三人称单数，动词用原形。 2 51．better 52．with 53．and/while 54．juicy 55．sweetness 56．when 57．to be transported 58．hang 59．it 60．burning 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了新疆的特产——葡萄。 51．考查副词比较级。句意：因为新疆比其他地方更适合种植葡萄。“than”表明此处用副词比较级形式，故填better。 52．考查介词。句意：由于新疆的海拔高，气候干燥，日照充足，新疆出产的水果含糖量极高。此处用with+名词表示“由于……”，故填with。 53．考查连词。句意：每年秋天，都有大量的葡萄从新疆运往其他地区，（而）其余的则做成葡萄干，这样便于存放。根据句意可知此处表示顺承或对比关系，故填and/while。 54．考查形容词。句意：大量皮薄、大而多汁的葡萄被生产出来。修饰名词grapes用形容词，故填juicy。 55．考查名词。句意：这些葡萄给当地人带来了财富和甘甜。作动词bring的宾语用名词，故填sweetness。 56．考查时间状语从句。句意：九月中旬，当无籽白葡萄成熟时，当地农民正忙着采摘将被运往全国各地的葡萄。根据句意可知此处表示“当……的时候”，故填when。 57．考查不定式。句意同上，grapes与transport之间是被动关系，而且动作发生在将来，所以用不定式的被动式作定语，故填to be transported。 58．考查时态。句意：葡萄藤上挂着一串串晶莹剔透的白葡萄，等待采摘。此处的hang为不及物动词，不用被动语态，陈述的是客观事实，应该用一般现在时，故填hang。 59．考查代词。句意：如果你摘一粒放进嘴里，你一定不会忘记在新疆的烈日下和来自沙漠的风中生产出来的葡萄的甘甜。此处指代“一粒葡萄”，故填it。 60．考查形容词。句意同上，修饰名词sun用形容词，burning表示“火辣辣的”，故填burning。 3 61．named 62．soldiers 63．was sentenced 64．begging 65．a 66．admirable 67．is 68．on 69．which 70．vastly 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了在美国内战期间林肯总统宽恕逃兵的故事。 61．考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国内战期间，一个叫罗斯威尔·麦金泰尔的年轻人被征召入伍。Name sb. (as) sth.“将某人命名为...”，man与name之间为被动关系，即用过去分词作定语，named的过去分词形式为named。故填named。 62．考查名词。句意：军队急需士兵，以致于他没有经过训练就被派上战场。根据语境可知，军队需要许多的士兵，所以要使用可数名词的复数形式。故填soldiers。 63．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：后来，他因逃亡被判处枪决。这里讲述的是过去发生的事情，又sentence是“判决”的意思，与he之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was sentenced。 64．考查非谓语动词。句意：罗斯韦尔的母亲乞求林肯总统，他的儿子年轻，没有经验，需要第二次机会。句子中已经有谓语appealed，故此处用非谓语动词作状语，Roswell' s mother 与beg之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故填begging。 65．考查不定冠词的用法。a+序数词为固定搭配，意为“另外几个”。故填a。 66．考查形容词。句意：然后他写了一句令人钦佩的话。修饰名词为形容词。admiration 的名词形式为admirable意为“令人钦佩的” 故填admirable。 67．考查一般现在时及主谓一致。句意：Roswell McIntyre将被重新投入军队。由下文可知此处用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故用is。故填is。 68．考查介词。句意：那封由林肯总统签署的信在国会图书馆展出。on display意为“在展出中”为固定短语。故填on。 69．考查非限制性定语从句。句意：旁边还有一张纸条，上面写着：“……”。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词anote,且在从句中作主语，故只能用which引导该定语从句。故填which。 70．考查副词。句意：现在你可能会对宽恕的力量大为吃惊。修饰形容词surprised应为副词，vast的副词形式为vastly，意为“非常”。故填vastly。 4 71．who 72．to live 73．herself 74．studied 75．years 76．Although 77．feeling 78．a 79．choices 80．bravely 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。安娜十几岁的时候由于车祸失去了胳膊，二十岁的时候失去了父母。她的姐姐要照顾她，她拒绝了，通过自己的努力进入了大学和找到了工作。通过安娜的故事，作者告诉我们 当我们遇到不好的事情时，我们要选择勇敢。 71．考查定语从从句的关系词。分析可知空格处引导定语从句，先行词为her elder sister指人，在定语从句中做主语，故用who引导这个定语从句。故填who。 72．考查不定式。refuse to do为固定搭配，意为“拒绝做某事”，空格处要用不定式。故填to live。 73．考查反身代词。句意：相反，她说她会照顾她自己。根据句意，这里要表达的是照顾“她自己”，故填反身代词herself。 74．考查时态。安娜学习努力这件事发生在过去，所以这里要用一般过去时，故填studied。 75．考查名词单复数。year为可数名词，且由four修饰，所以这里要用其复数形式，故填years。 76．考查连词。句意：尽管我失去了双臂，我还有双腿。I lost my arms和I still have my legs是两个完整的句子，要用一个连词这两个句子，根据句意可知前后为转折关系，所以用although，故填 Although。 77．考查动名词。Instead of为介词短语，后要接动词的动名词形式，故填feeling。 78．考查冠词。lesson为可数名词，且原文没有用复数形式，所以要用冠词修饰。这里要表达的是“一堂好课”，是泛指，故用不定冠词a,故填a。 79．考查名词单复数。句意：当发生不好的事情时，我们有两个选择。空格处做have的宾语，结合句意这里应该用所给词的名词choice, choice为可数名词且由two修饰，要用其复数形式 ，故填choices。 80．考查副词。空格处修饰动词face，要用副词修饰动词，故填bravely。 1 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $