专题03 动词（短语）、情态动词与虚拟语气（知识梳理+高频考点精讲+进阶分级练）（讲义，浙江专用）英语学业水平考试合格考总复习

专题03 动词（短语）、情态动词与虚拟语气 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 考点一：动词的分类及动词短语 考点二：情态动词的用法 考点三：虚拟语气的结构与用法 进阶分级练 1.动词及动词短语常考知识点 基础动词考查核心：（1）时态与语态融合：时态是高考学考必考点（，核心聚焦一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时三大高频时态，常结合被动语态考查。（2）主谓一致衔接：重点判断主语单复数，如不可数名词 / 抽象概念作主语需用三单、，“A together with B” 结构谓语随 A 变化等。 固定搭配与语境辨析：侧重 “动词 + 介词 / 副词” 短语在语境中的运用，如 “carry out”（执行）、“give up”（放弃）等，多出现于完形填空和语法填空，需结合上下文判断含义。 熟词生义：延伸高频动词的多义性考查，如 “make” 表 “使成为”“制定”，“get” 表 “使…… 做”“到达” 等，需通过真题积累搭配场景。 2.情态动词：意义辨析与句式结构 着重考查基本意义与语气差异及“情态动词 + have done” 高频结构等，需掌握不同情态动词的语义侧重、区分推测与虚拟含义等。 3.虚拟语气：从句中的时态对应 着重考查if 条件状语从句、含蓄虚拟条件及名词性从句特殊句式中的虚拟语气用法。 考点一：动词的分类及动词短语 （一）基础动词分类及用法 1. 及物动词 必须接宾语才能表达完整意思，宾语可由名词、代词、从句等充当。常见动词：achieve（实现）、admire（钦佩）、affect（影响）、avoid（避免）、consider（考虑） 例句 1：She finally achieved her dream of becoming a doctor.（她最终实现了成为一名医生的梦想。） 例句 2：We should consider other people's feelings before making a decision.（做决定前我们应该考虑别人的感受。） 2. 不及物动词 无需接宾语即可表达完整意思，若需接宾语，需先加介词。常见动词：arrive（到达）、come（来）、fall（落下）、happen（发生）、rise（上升） 例句 1：They arrived at the airport at 8 o'clock this morning.（他们今天早上 8 点到达了机场。）（注：arrive 后接大地点用 in，接小地点用 at） 例句 2：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.（太阳每天从东方升起，西方落下。） 3. 连系动词 后接表语（名词、形容词、介词短语等），构成 “主系表” 结构，表达主语的性质、状态或身份。常见动词：be（是）、become（变得）、feel（感觉）、look（看起来）、seem（似乎）、sound（听起来）、taste（尝起来） 例句 1：The milk tastes sour. You'd better not drink it.（这牛奶尝起来酸了，你最好别喝了。） 例句 2：She seems very happy today because she got a good grade.（她今天似乎很开心，因为她取得了好成绩。） （二）常考高频动词短语 动词短语是高考完形填空、阅读理解、语法填空的核心考点，需重点掌握 “一词多义”“不同搭配含义差异”。 1. 以 “break” 为核心的短语 短语 含义 例句 break down 出故障；分解；崩溃 My car broke down on the way to work.（我的车在上班路上出故障了。）/The machine can break down waste into useful materials.（这台机器能将废物分解成有用的材料。） break out （战争、火灾等）爆发 A big fire broke out in the forest last night.（昨晚森林里爆发了一场大火。） break up 分手；解散；打碎 They broke up after dating for two years.（他们交往两年后分手了。）The meeting broke up at 5 p.m.（会议下午 5 点解散了。） 2. 以 “call” 为核心的短语 短语 含义 例句 call for 需要；要求；去接（某人） This problem calls for careful consideration.（这个问题需要仔细考虑。）/I'll call for you at 7 o'clock tomorrow morning.（我明天早上 7 点去接你。） call off 取消 The sports meeting was called off because of the heavy rain.（因为大雨，运动会被取消了。） call up 打电话；使回忆起 I called up my friend to tell her the good news.（我给朋友打电话，告诉她这个好消息。）/The old photo called up my memories of childhood.（这张旧照片使我回忆起童年时光。） 3. 以 “come” 为核心的短语 短语 含义 例句 come across 偶然遇见；偶然发现 I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.（昨天我在街上偶然遇见了一位老朋友。）/She came across a useful book in the library.（她在图书馆偶然发现了一本有用的书。） come true 实现 His dream of studying abroad finally came true.（他出国留学的梦想最终实现了。） come up with 提出（想法、计划等） The students came up with many good ideas for the school party.（学生们为学校派对提出了很多好想法。） 4. 以 “give” 为核心的短语 短语 含义 例句 give away 赠送；泄露 She gave away all her old clothes to the poor.（她把所有旧衣服都赠送给了穷人。）/He accidentally gave away the secret.（他不小心泄露了秘密。） give in 屈服；让步 The enemy finally gave in after a long battle.（经过长时间的战斗，敌人最终屈服了。）/She didn't give in to the difficulties.（她没有向困难让步。） give up 放弃 Never give up your dreams, no matter how hard it is.（无论多困难，都不要放弃你的梦想。） 5. 以 “take” 为核心的短语 短语 含义 例句 take care of 照顾；处理 She stays at home to take care of her sick mother.（她待在家里照顾生病的母亲。）/He is capable of taking care of the problem alone.（他有能力独自处理这个问题。） take off （飞机）起飞；脱下（衣服） The plane will take off in 10 minutes.（飞机将在 10 分钟后起飞。）/He took off his coat because it was too hot.（因为太热，他脱下了外套。） take up 占据（时间、空间）；开始学习 / 从事 Playing the piano takes up most of her free time.（弹钢琴占据了她大部分的空闲时间。）/She decided to take up English after graduation.（她决定毕业后开始学习英语。） （三）易混淆动词（短语）辨析 高考常考查含义相近的动词（短语），需通过语境区分差异。 1. “borrow” vs “lend” vs “keep” borrow：借入，强调 “从别人那里借东西”，搭配 “borrow sth from sb” 例句：I borrowed a pen from my classmate.（我从同学那里借了一支笔。） lend：借出，强调 “把东西借给别人”，搭配 “lend sth to sb” 例句：She lent her bike to me yesterday.（昨天她把自行车借给我了。） keep：保留，强调 “借东西后的持有时间”，常与时间段连用 例句：You can keep this book for two weeks.（这本书你可以借两周。） 2. “look for” vs “find” vs “find out” look for：寻找，强调 “寻找的动作” 例句：He is looking for his lost key.（他正在找他丢失的钥匙。） find：找到，强调 “寻找的结果” 例句：Finally, he found the key under the sofa.（最后，他在沙发底下找到了钥匙。） find out：查明、弄清楚，强调 “通过努力得知真相或信息” 例句：We need to find out who broke the window.（我们需要查明是谁打破了窗户。） 3. “put on” vs “wear” vs “dress” put on：穿上，强调 “穿的动作” 例句：She put on her coat and went out.（她穿上外套出去了。） wear：穿着，强调 “穿的状态”，可接衣服、帽子、眼镜等 例句：He wears a pair of glasses every day.（他每天都戴着一副眼镜。） dress：给…… 穿衣服，宾语常为人，搭配 “dress sb” 或 “be dressed in” 例句：She dresses her daughter every morning.（她每天早上给女儿穿衣服。）He is dressed in a blue shirt today.（他今天穿着一件蓝色衬衫。） 考点二：情态动词的用法 （一）情态动词的特点 情态动词是表示说话人语气、态度（如能力、许可、义务、推测等）的动词，本身有词义但不能独立作谓语，需后接动词原形构成谓语。 常见特点：无人称和数的变化（如 can 的主语是单数 / 复数，形式均为 can）；否定式直接在后面加 not（如 can→can not/can't）；疑问句需将情态动词提前（如 Can you speak English?）。 （二）高频情态动词用法 1.表 “能力”：can/could/be able to can：侧重现在或客观上的能力，否定式 can't（“不能”）。 例句：She can play the piano very well.（她钢琴弹得很好。） could：① 过去的能力（对应 can 的过去式）；② 委婉表达现在的能力（语气比 can 弱）。 例句 1：He could swim when he was five.（他五岁时就会游泳了。） 例句 2：Could you help me carry this box?（你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？）（表委婉请求，非过去时） be able to：可用于各种时态，强调 “通过努力实现的能力”，与 can/could 的区别在于时态灵活性。 例句：After practicing for a month, she was able to pass the driving test.（练习一个月后，她终于能通过驾照考试了。） 2.表 “许可”：can/could/may/might can/could：口语中常用，could 语气更委婉，回答时用 can（不用 could）表许可。 例句 1：Can I use your pen?（我能用一下你的笔吗？） 例句 2：—Could I go out with friends tonight?（今晚我能和朋友出去吗？） —Yes, you can.（可以。）（不可说 Yes, you could.） may/might：正式场合常用，might 语气更委婉，回答时用 may 或 can 表许可。 例句 1：You may not enter the lab without permission.（未经允许，不得进入实验室。） 例句 2：Might I ask a question about the text?（我可以问一个关于课文的问题吗？） 3.表 “义务 / 责任”：must/have to/should/ought to must：① 主观上的 “必须”（强调说话人要求），否定式 mustn't（“禁止”）；② 肯定句中表 “必然推测”（“一定”）。 例句 1：You must finish your homework before watching TV.（看电视前你必须完成作业。）（主观要求） 例句 2：You mustn't park here—it's a no-parking area.（禁止在这里停车，这是禁停区。）（禁止） 例句 3：He isn't in the office. He must be on his way to the meeting.（他不在办公室，一定是在去开会的路上。）（肯定推测） have to：客观上的 “不得不”（因外界条件被迫），有人称和时态变化，否定式 don't have to（“不必”）。 例句：It's raining heavily, so I have to take an umbrella.（雨下得很大，所以我不得不带伞。）（客观被迫） should/ought to：① 表 “建议”（“应该”，ought to 语气稍强）；② 表 “责任”（“理应”）。 例句 1：You should listen to your parents' advice.（你应该听父母的建议。）（建议） 例句 2：He ought to apologize for being late.（他迟到了，理应道歉。）（责任） 4.表 “推测”：must/may/might/can/could 推测语气从强到弱：must（一定，100%）> may（可能，70%）> might/could（或许，50%）> can't（不可能，0%） 肯定推测：must（仅用于肯定句）、may、might、could（may/might/could 可用于肯定 / 否定句）。 例句 1：The light is on. She must be at home.（灯亮着，她一定在家。）（肯定句，强推测） 例句 2：He may not come to the party—he has a lot of work to do.（他可能不来参加派对了，他有很多工作要做。）（否定句，中推测） 否定推测：can't（“不可能”，语气强）、may not/might not（“可能不”，语气弱）。 例句 1：He can't speak French—he never learned it.（他不可能会说法语，他从没学过。）（强否定推测） 例句 2：This might not be the right answer. Let's check again.（这或许不是正确答案，我们再检查一下。）（弱否定推测） 5.表 “意愿 / 请求”：will/would/shall will：① 表现在的 “意愿”（“愿意”）；② 表 “请求”（口语中，主语为第二人称）；③ 表 “将来习惯性动作”（“会”）。 例句 1：I will help you if you need it.（如果你需要，我愿意帮你。）（意愿） 例句 2：Will you please pass me the salt?（请把盐递给我好吗？）（请求） 例句 3：Every morning, he will go for a walk in the park.（每天早上，他都会去公园散步。）（习惯性动作） would：① 过去的 “意愿”（对应 will 的过去式）；② 委婉表现在的 “请求 / 意愿”（语气比 will 弱）。 例句 1：She said she would meet us at the gate.（她说她会在门口等我们。）（过去意愿） 例句 2：Would you like a cup of tea?（你想喝杯茶吗？）（委婉请求） shall：① 用于第一人称（I/we），表 “征求意见”（“…… 好吗？”）；② 用于第二、三人称，表 “命令、承诺或规定”（正式场合）。 例句 1：Shall we go to the cinema this weekend?（这周末我们去看电影好吗？）（征求意见） 例句 2：All students shall obey the school rules.（所有学生必须遵守校规。）（规定） （三）易混点辨析 must vs. have to：must 是 “主观必须”，have to 是 “客观不得不”。 例：I must study hard（我觉得自己必须努力）；I have to study hard（老师留了很多作业，不得不努力）。 can't vs. mustn't：can't 是 “不可能”（表推测），mustn't 是 “禁止”（表义务）。 例：He can't be late（他不可能迟到）；You mustn't be late（你禁止迟到）。 may vs. might：might 推测语气比 may 弱，且可用于过去时；may 可表 “许可”，might 表 “许可” 时更委婉。 例：He may come（可能来）；He might come（或许来，更不确定）。 考点三：虚拟语气的结构与用法 虚拟语气是高考学考英语语法的核心考点之一，主要用于表达非真实的假设、愿望、建议、命令或推测，即说话人认为句子描述的情况与事实相反、不太可能发生或仅为主观设想。其核心特征是通过动词时态的 “后退”（如用过去时表现在，用过去完成时表过去）来体现 “非真实性”。 （一）虚拟语气的核心：与事实相反的假设 这类虚拟语气主要用于if引导的条件状语从句，需根据 “假设的时间”（现在、过去、将来）调整主从句的动词形式，是高考最常考的基础类型。 1. 与 “现在事实” 相反的假设 【适用情境】假设当前存在的情况与实际不符（如 “我现在要是有时间，就去看你”，但实际 “我现在没时间”）。 【句式结构】if 从句（主语 + 过去式，be 动词统一用 were）；主句（主语 + would/could/should/might + 动词原形）。 例句： If I were you, I would take this opportunity to study abroad. （如果我是你，我会抓住这个机会出国留学。） 解析：实际 “我不是你”，从句用 were（不用 was），主句用 would take 表 “将会做”。 If she had more money, she could buy a new computer. （如果她有更多钱，她就能买一台新电脑了。） 解析：实际 “她没有更多钱”，从句用过去式 had，主句用 could buy 表 “能够做”。 2. 与 “过去事实” 相反的假设 【适用情境】假设过去发生的事情与实际结果不同（如 “昨天要是下雨，我们就不会去公园了”，但实际 “昨天没下雨，我们去了公园”）。 【句式结构】if 从句（主语 + had + 过去分词）；主句（主语 + would/could/should/might + have + 过去分词）。 例句： If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam. （如果他当初更努力学习，他就能通过考试了。） 解析：实际 “他过去没努力，没通过考试”，从句用 had studied，主句用 would have passed 表 “本会通过”。 We might have arrived on time if the traffic hadn’t been so heavy. （如果当时交通没那么拥堵，我们或许能准时到达。） 解析：实际 “过去交通拥堵，没准时到”，从句用 hadn’t been，主句用 might have arrived 表 “本可能到达”。 3. 与 “将来事实” 相反的假设 【适用情境】假设未来发生的事情可能性极低（如 “要是明天天塌下来，我们就待在家里”，但实际 “明天天不可能塌”）。 【句式结构】if 从句（①主语 + 过去式；②主语 + should + 动词原形；③主语 + were to + 动词原形）；主句（主语 + would/could/should/might + 动词原形）。 例句： If it rained tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic. （如果明天下雨，我们就取消野餐。） 解析：实际 “明天大概率不下雨”，从句用过去式 rained，主句用 would cancel。 If you should meet her, please tell her to call me back.（此处主句表 “建议”，用原形） （万一你见到她，麻烦让她给我回电话。） 解析：实际 “未来见到她的可能性低”，从句用 should meet（表 “万一”），主句用动词原形（符合 “建议” 的虚拟用法，见下文 “特殊场景”）。 If the earth were to stop rotating, all living things would die. （如果地球停止自转，所有生物都会死亡。） 解析：实际 “地球不可能停止自转”，从句用 were to stop，主句用 would die。 （二）虚拟语气的特殊场景 除了if条件句，虚拟语气还常用于表达 “愿望、建议、命令、遗憾” 等场景，需牢记固定句式和动词形式。 1. 表达 “愿望”：wish + 宾语从句 根据 “愿望的时间” 调整从句动词时态，与 “if 条件句” 时态逻辑一致。 对 “现在” 的愿望：从句用过去式（be 动词用 were）。 例句：I wish I were taller.（我希望自己再高一点。）→ 实际 “现在不高”。 对 “过去” 的愿望：从句用 had + 过去分词。 例句：She wishes she hadn’t said those words to her mother.（她希望自己没对妈妈说那些话。）→ 实际 “过去说了，现在后悔”。 对 “将来” 的愿望：从句用 would/could + 动词原形。 例句：We wish the summer holiday would come soon.（我们希望暑假快点来。）→ 实际 “暑假还没到，愿望暂未实现”。 2. 表达 “建议、命令、要求”：特定动词 + 宾语从句 从句动词必须用 “should + 动词原形”，其中 should 可省略（高考常考 “省略 should” 的情况）。常见动词：suggest（建议）、advise（建议）、order（命令）、command（命令）、request（要求）、require（要求）、insist（坚持要求）、demand（要求）。 例句： The teacher suggested that we (should) practice speaking English every day. （老师建议我们每天练习说英语。） 解析：suggest 表 “建议”，从句用 (should) practice，should 可省略。 The manager ordered that the work (should) be finished before 5 o’clock. （经理命令这项工作要在 5 点前完成。） 解析：order 表 “命令”，从句用 (should) be finished（被动语态），should 可省略。 3. 表达 “遗憾、惋惜”：without/but for + 名词（替代 if 条件句） “without/but for + 名词” 相当于 “if it weren’t/hadn’t been for + 名词”，主句用虚拟语气。 与现在相反：without + 名词，主句用 would/could + 动词原形。 例句：Without your help, I couldn’t finish this work on time.（要是没有你的帮助，我没法按时完成这项工作。）→ 实际 “现在有你的帮助”。 与过去相反：but for + 名词，主句用 would/could + have + 过去分词。 例句：But for his carelessness, we would have won the game.（要不是他的粗心，我们本该赢得比赛。）→ 实际 “过去他粗心，没赢比赛”。 4. 固定句式：as if/as though（好像） 从句用虚拟语气（与事实不符），时态与 “wish” 一致；若与事实相符，用陈述语气。 与现在相反：从句用过去式。 例句：He talks as if he knew everything.（他说话的样子好像什么都知道。）→ 实际 “他不知道所有事”。 与过去相反：从句用 had + 过去分词。 例句：She looks as though she had cried for a long time.（她看起来好像哭了很久。）→ 实际 “她没哭很久”。 考点一：动词的分类及动词短语 例1．Rather than ________ there doing nothing, he prefers to help his colleagues with the preparation of the meeting. A．seat B．sit C．seating D．sitting 【答案】B 【解析】考查sit与seat的区别和固定结构。句意：与其坐在那里无所事事，他更愿意帮助同事们准备会议。prefer to do rather than do表示“宁愿做……而不愿做”，seat是及物动词，常用于be seated结构，sit是不及物动词，故B项正确。 例2．Not only his children but also the old man ________ himself with welfare projects. A．is concerned B．concerns C．are concerned D．concern 【答案】B 【解析】考查主谓一致和动词短语。句意：不仅他的孩子，而且这位老人自己也和福利项目有关。当not only…but also…引导并列结构做主语的时候，谓语动词遵从就近一致原则，本句要和the old man保持一致，要使用单数形式。动词短语concern sb with sth意为“某人与某事有关系”，该短语与上下文语意一致。故B项正确。 1．—Tom, don't always make your sister_________. Go and get the car_________ at once. —OK, mum. I'll do it right now. A．to cry; wash B．cries; to wash C．cry; washed D．cry; wash 【答案】C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：—汤姆，别总是让你妹妹哭。马上去洗车。—好的，妈妈。我现在就做。第一空考查make sb. do sth.使某人做某事，make为使役动词，do作宾语补足语，与前面sb.构成主动关系；第二空考查使役动词get sth. done，此处done与前面sth.构成被动关系，作宾语补足语。结合题目，make your sister cry（使得你妹妹哭），get the car washed（洗车），符合题意。故选C项。 2．I prefer to have those advanced machines ________ rather than let them ________ by the enemies! A．destroyed; to be used B．to be destroyed; be used C．destroyed; be used D．to be destroyed; used 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词。句意：我宁愿让那些先进的机器被摧毁，也不愿让敌人使用它们！分析句子结构，第一空格前have为使役动词，have sth. done使…被做，此处done作宾语补足语，表被动含义，destroyed与machines构成被动关系，用过去分词形式；let也为使役动词，用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，空格二的动词use与前面them构成被动关系，故用be used形式。综合以上分析，故选C项。 3．It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some ________ over 90 meters. A．measured B．measuring C．measures D．is measured 【答案】B 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：这儿是如此潮湿，以至于树很高，一些高达90米。分析句子可知，so...that引导状语从句，在从句中，the trees are extremely tall是完整的句子，中间没有连词，说明后面是独立主格结构， some是逻辑主语，后面是非谓语动词做状语，measure后面接数词，表示：长，宽，高是多少的时候，measure是不及物动词，用现在分词。故选B。 4．In my opinion, all Mr. White ________ good to his students in his class at present. He is very strict in their study. A．does does does B．does do do C．does does do D．does do does 【答案】C 【解析】考查谓语动词和助动词。句意：在我看来，目前怀特先生所做的一切对他班上的学生都是有益的。他对他们的学习很严格。分析句子可知，Mr. White does为定语从句，修饰all；主语为all Mr. White does，后面的does do是谓语动词的强调形式。故选C项。 5．With the development of science and technology, the prices of TV sets have _____. A．gone down B．been gone down C．brought down D．been gone up 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着科学技术的发展，电视机的价格下降了。go down（价格、水平或数量）下降，下跌；bring down取来，导致，引起，降低（价格）。go down 和 bring down 都表示价格的下降， 但 bring down是及物动词， 表示降价时应用 bring the price down 或bring down the price，而 go down 是不及物动词，没有被动语态。故 A 项正确。 考点二：情态动词的用法 例1. It has been announced that the first to purchase goods on the opening day in the supermarket ________ get 10% off the total price. A．must B．will C．shall D．may 【答案】C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：据宣布，第一个在超市购物的人可以享受总价9折的优惠。该题考查情态动词shall的用法：shall在法律、条约、协定等文件中，表示义务、规定、承诺等。此处表示超市的“承诺”。故选C项。 例2．—Zhang Guimei has achieved so much in her career as a teacher and principal. —Yes, she ________ a lot of difficulties to make such great achievements. A．would have gone through B．must have gone through C．should have gone through D．could have gone through 【答案】B 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——为一名教师和校长，张桂梅在她的职业生涯中取得了很多成就。 ——是的，她一定经历了很多困难才取得了如此伟大的成就。 此处表示对过去的肯定的推测，意义为“一定”，应该用must have done结构。故填B项。 1．Any individual who intends to ______ a medical career ______, in accordance with established regulations, complete the necessary training and pass all required examinations before being granted the professional license. A．commence; shall B．commence; ought to C．manage; ought to D．manage; shall 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词和情态动词辨析。句意：任何打算开始医疗职业生涯的人都必须按照既定规定完成必要的培训并通过所有要求的考试，然后才能获得职业执照。选项中涉及的词汇：A. commence开始；shall必须，应该，用于第三人称表示法律、规定、命令等；manage管理；第一空，根据语意可知，此处指的是“开始医疗职业生涯”，所以应填入commence；第二空，根据语意可知，此处表示“必须按照既定规定完成必要的培训并通过所有要求的考试”，shall用于第三人称表示法律、规定、命令等，符合语境。故选A项。 2．— What about your trip to the town? — Couldn’t be worse. Stuck in the mud, the car _______ not move, however hard we pushed it. A．could B．should C．would D．might 【答案】C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——你到镇上的旅行怎么样？——糟透了。车子陷在泥里了，无论我们多用力推它，它都不动。A. could能够；B. should应该；C. would会；D. might可能。根据句意可知，句子强调了车在当时的情况下反复尝试后仍然不动，would用于指过去的否定句中，表示拒绝，或无此习惯或不可能；用于事物常表示拟人化，此处意义为“不肯；总是不”。其它选项无此用法。故选C项。 3．Don’t let Tom paint on the trousers, for it________ wash out. A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．can’t D．won’t 【答案】D 【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：不要让汤姆在裤子上画画，因为它洗不掉。A. mustn’t禁止；B. shouldn’t不应该；C. can’t不能；D. won’t不会。根据句意可知，此处表示“它不会被洗掉”，will在此处表示的是在某种情况下真实或可能的事，can’t表示的是做某事的能力，不合语境，故选D。 4．—How about the meals during your exchange visit? —Well, it ____________ worse. A．couldn’t have been B．couldn’t be C．might not have been D．might not be 【答案】A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——你们交流访问期间的饭菜怎么样？  ——太糟糕了。根据句意以及“during your exchange visit”可知，此处表达的是对过去情况的否定推测，结合空后的worse可知，该句表达的是最高级的意义，应用couldn’t have done表示。故选A项。 5．I __________ myself more — It was a perfect day. A．couldn’t have enjoyed B．needn’t have enjoyed C．shouldn’t have enjoyed D．mustn’t have enjoyed 【答案】A 【解析】考查情态动词+have done的用法。句意：我玩得很开心——这是完美的一天。A. couldn’t have enjoyed不可能开心； B. needn’t have enjoyed本不必开心；C. shouldn’t have enjoyed本不应该开心；D. mustn’t have enjoyed一定不可能开心。下文“It was a perfect day.”可知，我很开心，not与比较级连用表示最高级，couldn’t have enjoyed myself more，意为“从未比这更高兴过”，故选A。 考点三：虚拟语气的结构与用法 例1. There is a real possibility that these delicate animals could be frightened, __________a sudden loud noise. A．if there should have B．should there be C．had there been D．if there be 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。句意：如果突然一声巨响，这些脆弱的动物很有可能会收到惊吓。此处为虚拟语气的条件句，根据前文的these delicate animals could be frightened和句意可知，此处与将来事实相反，表达为if there should be a sudden loud noise，可省略为should there be a sudden loud noise。故选B。 例2．Although the suspect insisted ______ alone during the time of the crime, the court still demanded evidence ______ to support his alibi. A．being at home, he should provide B．he be at home, he provided C．he was at home, be provided D．he was at home, he providing 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气和动词时态。句意：尽管嫌疑人在犯罪发生时坚称自己独自在家，但法庭仍然要求提供证据来支持他的不在场证明。第一空，insisted表示“坚持认为”，后面的宾语从句应该使用陈述语气，而不是虚拟语气，结合“insisted”可知，从句使用一般过去时，排除A项和B项；第二空，demanded后面接宾语从句，从句中的动词应该使用虚拟语气，即“(should) + 动词原形”，should常省略，evidence和provide为被动关系，需用被动语态。故选C。 1．I recommend the government ________ this new method for city design since it is cheaper and practical, ________ the way most city design is done today. A．uses; compared to B．use; compared with C．use; comparing to D．uses; comparing with 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气和非谓语动词。句意：我建议政府采用这种新的城市设计方法，因为与当今大多数城市设计方式相比，该方法更廉价、更可行。主句谓语动词recommend表示“建议”，其后的宾语从句省略连词that，需用虚拟语气，从句谓语采用“(should)+动词原形”形式，其中should可省略，故第一空为动词原形use。自since至句末为一个原因状语从句，从句谓语动词为is，第二空需填非谓语动词。逻辑主语为it，指代新方法，与动词compare构成被动关系，意为“这种方法被与……相比较”，compared with the way...在句中作状语，因此第二空为compared。故选B项。 2．She described her future career plans in such detail, as if she ______ them for a long time, and at this time next year, she ______ in a renowned international company. A．would plan; will work B．had planned; will be working C．has planned; works D．would plan; is working 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：她如此详细地描述了她未来的职业规划，好像她已经计划了很长时间，明年的这个时候，她将在一家著名的国际公司工作。第一空处，as if引导的方式状语从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，需求使用虚拟语气，从句要用过去完成时态had planned；第二空处，根据时间状语“at this time next year”可知，此处表示将来某个时间正在进行的动作，要用将来进行时态will be working。故选B项。 3．_______ for his unexpected invitation last week, I wouldn’t be standing here today, making small talks with this buzzing crowd of strangers who _______ come out for the special occasion — an unimaginable scenario for an introvert like me. A．Were it not; have B．Had it not been; has C．Were it not; has D．Had it not been; have 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气和主谓一致。句意：若不是因为他上周的意外邀请，我今天就不会站在这里，和这群为特殊场合蜂拥而至的陌生人寒暄——对于像我这样的内向者来说，这简直是不可想象的场景。根据“last week”可知，第一空表示的是与过去事实相反的假设，因此需用过去完成时的虚拟语气had it not been；who引导定语从句，先行词strangers是复数，因此动词需用复数形式。故选D。 4．Volunteers officially requested that more shelters ________ to accommodate more homeless cats and dogs in the city. A．were built B．were being built C．would be built D．be built 【答案】D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：志愿者正式请求建造更多的避难所，以容纳城市中更多的无家可归的猫狗。结合requested“请求，要求”可知，当主句谓语是“命令、要求、建议”等动词时，其宾语从句使用虚拟语气，即should+do的形式，其中should可以省略。本题中that引导的宾语从句的主语more shelters和build之间是被动关系，用(should) be built符合题意。故选D项。 5．— It’s many years since I last saw you. I didn’t recognize you at first. — I ________ either, if someone hadn’t called you by name. A．wouldn’t have B．wouldn’t C．didn’t D．hadn’t 【答案】A 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——自从我上次见到你已经很多年了。我根本没认出你来。——如果别人没叫你的名字，我也不会认出你。根据语境可知，本句是考查对过去的虚拟条件句的主句。对过去的虚拟条件句的从句用过去完成时表示，主句用 would / should / could / might + have + 过去分词。在这个例子中，“if someone hadn’t called you by name”是条件从句，它描述了一个和过去事实相反的情况（实际上有人叫出了名字）。主句“I wouldn’t have”则表示如果没有这个人叫出名字，说话者在过去也不会认出对方。故选A。 一、单项选择 1．The bill ________ data-privacy standards across the EU, and tech companies ________ that compliance costs will soar. A．concerns about; deeply concern B．concerns; are deeply concerned C．concerns that; are deeply concerned about D．is concerned about; are deeply concerned 2．This kind of cloth ______ well and ______ long. A．washes; is lasted B．is washed; lasting C．washes; lasts D．is washing; lasting 3．Many students ______ the basic skills needed to solve complex math problems, which makes it difficult for them to achieve high scores. A．lack of B．are lacking of C．lack D．are lacking for 4．The teacher has his students ______ English every morning for half an hour. A．read B．reading C．to read D．being read 5．Some of the apples are bad, but I believe the rest _________sweet. A．taste B．tastes C．is tasted D．are tasted 6．At the meeting, Mr Lee ________ some issues that were closely connected with education, which led to some heated discussions. A．came across B．wound up C．referred to D．burned up 7．There are many things teens should when deciding what colleges to apply to. A．set in motion B．get under control C．bring to an end D．take into consideration 8．A family day out is an opportunity to work and school and spend quality time together. A．put aside B．pass on C．take up D．give away 9．I don’t figure out why Jackson ________ the job offer. After all, he has been out of work for nearly a year. A．put down B．turned down C．turned up D．cheered up 10．He decided to take up painting as a hobby in his spare time. A．give up B．drop out C．start D．concern 11．The teacher suggests that the broken classroom window __________ as soon as possible to keep students safe. A．repair B．repaired C．be repaired D．is repairing 12．The visitors looked at me ______I had lost my mind. A．so that B．as long as C．as if D．unless 13．It is strongly recommended that the machine_________ every year. A．should check B．checked C．be checked D．is checked 14．It is strongly recommended that he ________ to the hospital. A．sends B．is sent C．should send D．be sent 15．The first time we ________ the annual conference, our manager suggested that we ________ the procedure. A．hold; simplified B．held; simplify C．have held; simplified D．had held; simplify 16．All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ________ badly wounded and that he ________ at once. A．should be; be operated on B．were; must be operated on C．was; should be operated D．was; be operated on 17．With the situation ________ urgent, the expert advocates that the government ________ more on green energy. A．becoming; invests B．becomes; invest C．becoming; invest D．became; should invest 18．It is essential that these application forms ________ back as early as possible. A．are sent B．be sent C．will be sent D．must be send 19．The teacher demanded that every student ________ of the safety rules before the experiment. A．informing B．be informed C．to be informed D．was informed 20．They insisted that we ______ to the countryside to work as practice teachers. A．send B．sent C．be sent D．were sent 21．The university student answered all the questions properly. She ________ many books. A．must have read B．must read C．could have read D．should read 22．—Can my computer be repaired by Friday? —It ________ be ready by then, but I’ll call you to confirm. A．should B．shall C．would D．must 23．Depression, a mental problem that often results from fierce competition and great pressures in life, ________ be a destructive illness if not treated properly. A．must B．should C．need D．can 24．No reader remove a book from the library without permission. A．would B．might C．shall D．need 25．— Is your class teacher in the office now? — He ________ be there now. He’s gone to Beijing. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．won’t 二、语法填空 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For his first trip to China, an official from the Republic of Korea (ROK) headed straight to Zhangjiajie, famous 1 its beautiful landscape (景色). He said, “I feel 2 (excite) and it feels like stepping into a wonderland. One of the fastest ways to experience the area is by 3 (ride) up the world’s tallest outdoor elevator.” He expressed his 4 (admire) for Zhangjiajie National Forest Park. Zhangjiajie, located in Hunan Province, was the source of inspiration for a film. Thanks to China’s expanded visa-free transit policy (过境免签政策), this inland city 5 (become) a hot spot for international tourists so far. Streets are lined with different kinds of restaurants and multilingual (多种语言的) signs. Local sellers even learn foreign languages 6 (welcome) guests. 7 (actual), from January 2025 to July 2025, the city hosted 722,000 international visitors, spending $380 million. Tourism employs over 300,000 people during peak seasons. Zhangjiajie now attracts lots of visitors 8 are from 183 countries and areas. In recent years, Hunan Province has put forward 9 number of policies to provide convenience for inbound tourists. These policies cover entry procedures, payment, transportation, and shopping. In January 2025, 18 provincial departments jointly issued (发布) 12 10 (measure), which are to further promote tourism and make sure international tourists have a more pleasant experience. B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Located in the southwest of Zhangjiajie in Hunan Province, Fenghuang Ancient Town or Phoenix Ancient Town 1 (know) as “the most beautiful town in China”. 2 (build) in 1704, this old town was given the title of the “National AAAAA Tourist Attraction” for 3 (it) breathtaking scenery of many ancient sites of towers, bridges, streets, and other buildings as well as the rich culture of Miao, Tujia and other 26 ethnic groups. You may be attracted by the simple but 4 (wonder) customs, 5 are written in Border Town, to come to visit 6 place. But once you get here, you will find its 7 (attract) is not limited to this. You can walk on the bluestone paths after the rain; take a boat on the Tuojiang River and appreciate the 100-year-old buildings; climb on the ancient gate towers 8 feel all the changes of the ancient town; watch the old woman washing clothes on the river banks 9 (calm); or sit alone near the window in a coffee bar silently 10 (enjoy) the scenery and letting your thoughts drift... These may be the secrets of the quietness of the ancient town. C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Recently I had the honor to join a media tour and travel to Qufu, Jining in Shandong Province — the birthplace of Confucius — which allowed me 1 (reflect) deeply on his sayings, a reminder of transformation — whether personal or societal — comes through steady, mindful action, no matter how 2 (slow) the journey may go on. At the 2024 Confucius ceremonial event on September 28th, I was inspired by the lasting influence of Confucius’ teachings, stressing morality and virtuous behavior. I’ve seen this not only throughout the people I meet but also in its expansion across the world, 3 (carry) by education programs, including Confucius Institutes that help bridge cultures. While visiting the Temple of Confucius, I realized that the 4 (strong) of his teachings lies in its simplicity, much like his saying about persistence. Each lesson in morality, responsibility and virtue builds upon the last, just as small, patient steps lead to great progress over time. This philosophy of steady perseverance creates 5 strong foundation for 6 (harmony) living. The focus on relationships by Confucius, whether with family, colleagues or society, 7 (shape) how China interacts with the world already. I’ve come to see that the power of Shandong, and indeed China 8 a whole, is built on countless individual acts of responsibility and honesty. This is much like the essence of Panda Diplomacy (外交), which reflects the country’s ongoing commitment to 9 (promote) grassroots friendship between China and other nations through giant pandas. This, 10 I’ve witnessed many times, represents the gradual yet dead-set progress towards building something lasting. 参考答案 一、 1．B 【解析】考查concern用法。句意：该法案涉及欧盟范围内的数据隐私标准，科技公司则深切担忧合规成本将会飙升。分析句子可知，第一空应填及物动词concerns，表“涉及；关于”，主语通常是物（如法案、文件、问题等），直接接宾语；第二空考查be concerned about，意为“担忧；关心”，主语通常是人或组织，concerned在此处为形容词，表“担忧的”。故选B项。 2．C 【解析】考查主动表被动词。句意：这种布料洗涤效果好，而且耐用。陈述事实用一般现在时，且wash和last此处为不及物动词，表示事物特性，用主动形式表被动意义，类似用法还有sell、write等。故选C。 3．C 【解析】考查动词和固定搭配。句意：许多学生缺乏解决复杂数学问题所需的基本技能，这使得他们很难取得高分。空格处是谓语动词，所以选项中的lack是动词，动词lack是及物动词，后面可以跟名词作宾语，不与介词of搭配，排除A和B项。lack for是固定搭配，一般与否定意义的词搭配，如lack for nothing“没有欠缺”，所以排除D项。故选C项。 4．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。 句意：老师让学生们每天早上读半小时英语。根据后文every morning可知，表示“每天早上读半小时英语”，所以此处需用have sb. do sth.表示让某人做某事，强调日常习惯。由此可知，空处需用动词原形作宾语补足语。故选A项。 5．A 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：有些苹果坏了，但我认为剩下的苹果吃起来很甜。the rest 指代的是 “剩下的苹果”，是复数意义，谓语动词应该用复数形式，taste在此处是系动词，意为 “尝起来”，没有被动语态。故选A。 6．C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在会议上，李先生提到了一些与教育密切相关的问题，这引发了一些激烈的讨论。A. came across偶然遇到；B. wound up结束；C. referred to提到，涉及；D. burned up烧毁。根据“some issues that were closely connected with education”和“which led to some heated discussions”可知，李先生在会议上提及了与教育相关的问题，从而引发了激烈讨论，动词短语referred to符合语境。故选C项。 7．D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：青少年在决定申请哪所大学时，有很多事情需要考虑。A. set in motion使开始；B. get under control控制住；C. bring to an end结束；D. take into consideration考虑。根据“when deciding what colleges to apply to”可知，在决定申请大学时，需要考虑很多事情，用动词短语take into consideration表示“考虑”，符合语境。故选D项。 8．A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：全家外出游玩是一个放下工作和学校事务，共度美好时光的机会。A. put aside把……放在一边，暂不考虑；B. pass on传递；C. take up占据；D. give away赠送。结合“and spend quality time together”可知，空格处应表达“放下（工作和学校事务）”，故用put aside。故选A。 9．B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不明白为什么杰克逊拒绝了这份工作邀请。毕竟，他已经失业将近一年了。A. put down放下，记下；B. turned down拒绝；C. turned up出现，调大（音量等）；D. cheered up（使）振作起来。根据句中“After all, he has been out of work for nearly a year.”可知，杰克逊已经失业将近一年了，所以此处指不明白他为什么会拒绝这份工作邀请。故选B。 10．C 【解析】考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：他决定在业余时间把绘画当作一种爱好。A. give up放弃；B. drop out退出；C. start开始，着手；D. concern涉及，使担心。句中“take up”的意思是“开始从事”，与动词start意思相近。故选C项。 11．C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：老师建议尽快修理教室坏了的窗户，以保证学生的安全。在“suggest(建议)”后的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”的形式，其中should可以省略。本句中，“the broken classroom window”和“repair”之间是被动关系，即窗户被修理，所以要用被动语态(should) be repaired。故选C。 12．C 【解析】考查状语从句。句意：那些参观者看着我，仿佛我精神失常了一样。A. so that以便，引导目的状语从句或结果状语从句；B. as long as只要，引导条件状语从句；C. as if好像，引导方式状语从句；D. unless除非，引导否定意义的条件状语从句。根据后文“I had lost my mind”可知，那些参观者看着我，仿佛我精神失常了一样，应用as if引导方式状语从句，故选C。 13．C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：强烈建议每年对这台机器进行一次检查。recommended表示“建议”，此处为虚拟语气，从句谓语用should+动词原形，且主语machine与谓语check构成被动关系。故选C。 14．D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：强烈建议把他送到医院去。根据空前动词recommend可知，此处从句需用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略。he与send构成被动关系。故选D。 15．B 【解析】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：我们第一次举办年度会议时，经理建议我们简化流程。The first time引导时间状语从句，描述过去发生的 “第一次举办年会” 这件事，需用一般过去时。suggest在此处表示 “建议”，后接宾语从句时，从句需用 “(should) + 动词原形” 的虚拟语气结构，其中should可省略。故选B项。 16．D 【解析】考查动词时态和虚拟语气用法。句意：医院里所有的医生都坚持认为他伤得很重，坚持要求必须立即给他做手术。分析句子可知，该句第一空，“医生坚持认为他伤得很重”，此处 “insist”表“坚持某种事实或观点”，而非“提出要求”，因此宾语从句需用陈述语气，时态与主句“insisted”（一般过去时）一致。该句第二空，“医生坚持要求他立刻做手术”，此处“insist”表 “坚持提出某种要求或建议”，宾语从句需用虚拟语气，结构为 “(should) + 动词原形”，“should”可省略，故从句谓语为“be operated on”。故选D项。 17．C 【解析】考查非谓语动词和虚拟语气。句意：随着形势的日益紧迫，这位专家主张政府加大对绿色能源的投资。“With the situation ________ urgent”是With复合结构作状语，宾语the situation和动词become之间是逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语。第二空在that引导的宾语从句中作谓语，主语谓语动词是advocates“主张”，表示建议、命令、要求、主张等动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用“(should)+动词原形”，should可省略，所以第二空用(should) invest。故选C。 18．B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：重要的是，这些申请表格应被尽早送回。It is essential that....从句谓语用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可省略。从句主语application forms与谓语send back构成被动关系，谓语应用被动语态。故选B项。 19．B 【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：老师要求在实验前把安全规则告诉每个学生。demand后的that宾语从句中用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可省略，学生是被告知安全规则，因此空格处是be informed。故选B。 20．C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他们坚持要求我们被派到农村去当实习教师。当 insist 表示 “坚持要求” 时，其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词形式为 “(should) + 动词原形”。根据句意，“我们” 是 “被派” 到农村，需用被动语态。故选C项。 21．A 【解析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：这个大学生把所有问题都回答得很好。她一定读了很多书。A. must have read：must have done表示对过去情况的“肯定推测”，语气最强，意为“一定做过某事”。结合“回答得好”这一事实，可确定她“一定读了很多书”，完全契合逻辑，符合题意； B. must read：must do表示“现在或将来必须做某事”，或对现在情况的推测（无法用于推测过去的动作，排除； C. could have read：could have done表示对过去情况的“可能性推测”，语气较弱（意为“可能做过某事”），或“本可以做却没做”，此处“回答得好”更支持“肯定推测”而非“可能性推测”，排除； D. should read：should do表示“应该做某事”（表建议或责任），不用于推测过去的动作，与“基于过去事实推测”的语境无关，排除。故选A项。 22．A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我的电脑周五前能修好吗？——到那时应该能修好，但我会打电话确认一下。此处为情态动词表推测的用法，“should”用于表示“按常理推测某事很可能发生”，语气委婉，符合“电脑周五前大概率能修好，但需确认”的语境，“shall”常用于第一人称表将来或表命令、承诺，“would”表过去将来或委婉请求，“must”表“必须、一定”，语气过于肯定，均不符合此处推测且留有余地的需求。故选A项。 23．D 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：抑郁症是一种常常由生活中的激烈竞争和巨大压力导致的心理问题，如果治疗不当，它可能会成为一种具有破坏性的疾病。A. must必须，一定；B. should应该；C. need需要；D. can能，可能。根据“a mental problem that often results from fierce competition and great pressures in life”以及“if not treated properly”可知，抑郁症本身是一种心理问题，但在特定情况下（治疗不当）有成为具有破坏性疾病的可能性。can在这里表示理论上的可能性，符合语境。而must表示肯定的推测，语气过于绝对；should表示应该，不符合句意；need表示需要，也不符合语境。故选D项。 24．C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：未经图书馆管理员允许，任何读者不得将书带出图书馆。考查情态动词。A. would将会；    B. might可能；C. shall将要，将会；D. need需要。shall用于第二、三人称表示命令、威胁、许诺、警告、规定等。故选C。 25．B 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——你的班主任现在在办公室吗？——他现在不可能在那里。他去北京了。A. mustn’t禁止；B. can’t不可能；C. needn’t不必；D. won’t将不。根据下文“He’s gone to Beijing.”可知，班主任去北京了，所以他现在不可能在办公室，can’t表示“不可能”，符合句意。故选B。 二、 A 1．for 2．excited 3．riding 4．admiration 5．has become 6．to welcome 7．Actually 8．that/who 9．a 10．measures 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了张家界因美景吸引众多国际游客，以及当地为促进旅游业发展所采取的措施。 1．考查介词。句意：韩国一名官员首次来中国，直奔以风景秀丽而闻名的张家界。famous for表示“以……而闻名”，故填for。 2．考查形容词。句意：我感到很兴奋，感觉就像进入了一个仙境。此处作表语，表示“兴奋的”，修饰人，应用形容词excited，故填excited。 3．考查动名词。句意：体验这个地区最快的方式之一是乘坐世界上最高的户外电梯。作介词by的宾语，应用ride“乘坐”的动名词形式，故填riding。 4．考查名词。句意：他对张家界国家森林公园表示赞美。此处作宾语，应用名词admiration，表示“赞美”，故填admiration。 5．考查时态。句意：得益于中国扩大的过境免签政策，这个内陆城市迄今已成为国际游客的热门景点。become“变成”。根据后文so far可知，时态为现在完成时，主语为this inland city，助动词用has，故填has become。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：当地卖家甚至学习外语来欢迎客人。本句谓语为learn，此处为非谓语动词，作目的状语，应用welcome“欢迎”的不定式，故填to welcome。 7．考查副词。句意：实际上，从2025年1月到2025年7月，该市接待了72.2万国际游客，消费3.8亿美元。修饰后文整个句子，应用副词actually“实际上”，作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Actually。 8．考查定语从句。句意：张家界现在吸引了很多来自183个国家和地区的游客。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词visitors，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who或that引导，故填who/that。 9．考查冠词。句意：近年来，湖南省出台了许多为入境游客提供便利的政策。表示“许多”用固定短语a number of，故填a。 10．考查名词的数。句意：2025年1月，18个省级部门联合发布了12项措施，以进一步促进旅游业发展，确保国际游客有更愉快的体验。measure“措施”为可数名词，由12修饰，应用复数形式，作issued的宾语。故填measures。 B 1．is known 2．Built 3．its 4．wonderful 5．which 6．the 7．attraction 8．and 9．calmly 10．enjoying 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国湖南凤凰古城的历史、文化、风景及游客体验。 1．考查动词时态和语态。句意：凤凰古城位于湖南省张家界西南部，被誉为“中国最美的小镇”。句子描述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语Fenghuang Ancient Town与谓语know之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is known。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这座古镇建于1704年，因其众多古塔、古桥、古街等建筑以及苗族、土家族等26个民族的丰富文化而令人叹为观止，被授予“国家5A级旅游景区”的称号。本句谓语为was given，此处为非谓语动词，build与主语this old town之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Built。 3．考查形容词性物主代词。句意同上。此处修饰名词scenery，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。 4．考查形容词。句意：你可能会被《边城》中记载的简单而美妙的习俗所吸引，而来参观这个地方。此处修饰名词customs，应用形容词wonderful“美妙的”，作定语。故填wonderful。 5．考查定语从句。句意同上。本空引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是customs，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 6．考查冠词。句意同上。此处place特指凤凰古城这个地方，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 7．考查名词。句意：但是一旦你来到这里，你会发现它的吸引力不仅限于此。此处作宾语从句的主语，应用名词attraction“吸引力”，不可数名词。故填attraction。 8．考查连词。句意：你可以在雨后走在青石路上；乘船游览沱江，欣赏百年古建筑；爬上古老的城门楼，感受古镇的一切变化；看着老妇人在河岸边从容地洗衣服；或者独自坐在咖啡馆的窗边，静静地欣赏风景，让思绪飘荡……。结合句意可知，此处应用and连接两个并列的动词短语climb on the ancient gate towers和feel all the changes of the ancient town。故填and。 9．考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰动词washing，应用副词calmly“平静地，从容地”，作状语。故填calmly。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。本句已有谓语动词sit，此处应用非谓语动词，主语You和动词enjoy之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词，作伴随状语。故填enjoying。 C 1．to reflect 2．slowly 3．carried 4．strength 5．a 6．harmonious 7．has shaped 8．as 9．promoting 10．which 【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者参加媒体之旅来到孔子的家乡曲阜，参观孔庙感悟孔子的力量，认识到孔子的理念对中国及与世界的互动有重要意义，这与熊猫外交类似，都代表着渐进的发展。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，我有幸参加了一个媒体之旅，前往山东济宁曲阜——孔子的诞生地——这让我深刻地反思了孔子的名言，它提醒我们，无论是个人还是社会的转变，都要通过坚定、谨慎的行动来实现，不管这段旅程有多缓慢。allow sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，不定式作宾补。故填to reflect。 2．考查副词。句意：最近，我有幸参加了一个媒体之旅，前往山东济宁曲阜——孔子的诞生地——这让我深刻地反思了孔子的名言，它提醒我们，无论是个人还是社会的转变，都要通过坚定、谨慎的行动来实现，不管这段旅程有多缓慢。此处需填副词来修饰动词go on。故填slowly。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：我不仅从我遇到的人身上看到了这一点，而且从包括孔子学院在内的教育项目在世界各地的扩展中也看到了这一点。分析句子结构可知，expansion与carry之间为被动关系，所以此处需用过去分词作后置定语，表示“被教育项目所承载的扩张”。故填carried。 4．考查名词。句意：在参观孔庙的时候，我意识到他的教诲的力量在于它的简单，就像他所说的坚持。根据句意以及定冠词the可知，此处需填名词strength“力量”作主语，为不可数名词。故填strength。 5．考查冠词。句意：这种稳定坚持的哲学为和谐生活奠定了一个坚实的基础。此处泛指“一个坚实的基础”，且定语strong的发音是辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。故填a。 6．考查形容词。句意：这种稳定坚持的哲学为和谐生活奠定了一个坚实的基础。此处需用形容词来修饰名词，表示“和谐的生活”。故填harmonious。 7．考查时态。句意：孔子对人际关系的关注，无论是与家庭、同事还是与社会的关系，已经影响了中国与世界的互动方式。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语动词，根据already可知，需用现在完成时，主语是The focus on relationships by Confucius，为单数，助动词用has。故填has shaped。 8．考查介词。句意：逐渐认识到，山东乃至整个中国的力量，是建立在无数个人的负责任和诚实行为之上的。as a whole为固定搭配，意为“作为一个整体”。故填as。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：这很像熊猫外交的本质，它反映了中国一直致力于通过大熊猫促进中国与其他国家之间的基层友谊。commitment to doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“致力于做某事”。故填promoting。 10．考查定语从句。句意：这是我多次目睹的，它代表了朝着建立持久的东西的渐进而坚定的进程。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是This，关系代词在从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 1 / 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 动词（短语）、情态动词与虚拟语气 目录 学考要求速览 必备知识梳理 高频考点精讲 考点一：动词的分类及动词短语 考点二：情态动词的用法 考点三：虚拟语气的结构与用法 进阶分级练 1.动词及动词短语常考知识点 基础动词考查核心：（1）时态与语态融合：时态是高考学考必考点（，核心聚焦一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时三大高频时态，常结合被动语态考查。（2）主谓一致衔接：重点判断主语单复数，如不可数名词 / 抽象概念作主语需用三单、，“A together with B” 结构谓语随 A 变化等。 固定搭配与语境辨析：侧重 “动词 + 介词 / 副词” 短语在语境中的运用，如 “carry out”（执行）、“give up”（放弃）等，多出现于完形填空和语法填空，需结合上下文判断含义。 熟词生义：延伸高频动词的多义性考查，如 “make” 表 “使成为”“制定”，“get” 表 “使…… 做”“到达” 等，需通过真题积累搭配场景。 2.情态动词：意义辨析与句式结构 着重考查基本意义与语气差异及“情态动词 + have done” 高频结构等，需掌握不同情态动词的语义侧重、区分推测与虚拟含义等。 3.虚拟语气：从句中的时态对应 着重考查if 条件状语从句、含蓄虚拟条件及名词性从句特殊句式中的虚拟语气用法。 考点一：动词的分类及动词短语 （一）基础动词分类及用法 1. 及物动词 必须接宾语才能表达完整意思，宾语可由名词、代词、从句等充当。常见动词：achieve（实现）、admire（钦佩）、affect（影响）、avoid（避免）、consider（考虑） 例句 1：She finally achieved her dream of becoming a doctor.（她最终实现了成为一名医生的梦想。） 例句 2：We should consider other people's feelings before making a decision.（做决定前我们应该考虑别人的感受。） 2. 不及物动词 无需接宾语即可表达完整意思，若需接宾语，需先加介词。常见动词：arrive（到达）、come（来）、fall（落下）、happen（发生）、rise（上升） 例句 1：They arrived at the airport at 8 o'clock this morning.（他们今天早上 8 点到达了机场。）（注：arrive 后接大地点用 in，接小地点用 at） 例句 2：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.（太阳每天从东方升起，西方落下。） 3. 连系动词 后接表语（名词、形容词、介词短语等），构成 “主系表” 结构，表达主语的性质、状态或身份。常见动词：be（是）、become（变得）、feel（感觉）、look（看起来）、seem（似乎）、sound（听起来）、taste（尝起来） 例句 1：The milk tastes sour. You'd better not drink it.（这牛奶尝起来酸了，你最好别喝了。） 例句 2：She seems very happy today because she got a good grade.（她今天似乎很开心，因为她取得了好成绩。） （二）常考高频动词短语 动词短语是高考完形填空、阅读理解、语法填空的核心考点，需重点掌握 “一词多义”“不同搭配含义差异”。 1. 以 “break” 为核心的短语 短语 含义 例句 break down 出故障；分解；崩溃 My car broke down on the way to work.（我的车在上班路上出故障了。）/The machine can break down waste into useful materials.（这台机器能将废物分解成有用的材料。） break out （战争、火灾等）爆发 A big fire broke out in the forest last night.（昨晚森林里爆发了一场大火。） break up 分手；解散；打碎 They broke up after dating for two years.（他们交往两年后分手了。）The meeting broke up at 5 p.m.（会议下午 5 点解散了。） 2. 以 “call” 为核心的短语 短语 含义 例句 call for 需要；要求；去接（某人） This problem calls for careful consideration.（这个问题需要仔细考虑。）/I'll call for you at 7 o'clock tomorrow morning.（我明天早上 7 点去接你。） call off 取消 The sports meeting was called off because of the heavy rain.（因为大雨，运动会被取消了。） call up 打电话；使回忆起 I called up my friend to tell her the good news.（我给朋友打电话，告诉她这个好消息。）/The old photo called up my memories of childhood.（这张旧照片使我回忆起童年时光。） 3. 以 “come” 为核心的短语 短语 含义 例句 come across 偶然遇见；偶然发现 I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.（昨天我在街上偶然遇见了一位老朋友。）/She came across a useful book in the library.（她在图书馆偶然发现了一本有用的书。） come true 实现 His dream of studying abroad finally came true.（他出国留学的梦想最终实现了。） come up with 提出（想法、计划等） The students came up with many good ideas for the school party.（学生们为学校派对提出了很多好想法。） 4. 以 “give” 为核心的短语 短语 含义 例句 give away 赠送；泄露 She gave away all her old clothes to the poor.（她把所有旧衣服都赠送给了穷人。）/He accidentally gave away the secret.（他不小心泄露了秘密。） give in 屈服；让步 The enemy finally gave in after a long battle.（经过长时间的战斗，敌人最终屈服了。）/She didn't give in to the difficulties.（她没有向困难让步。） give up 放弃 Never give up your dreams, no matter how hard it is.（无论多困难，都不要放弃你的梦想。） 5. 以 “take” 为核心的短语 短语 含义 例句 take care of 照顾；处理 She stays at home to take care of her sick mother.（她待在家里照顾生病的母亲。）/He is capable of taking care of the problem alone.（他有能力独自处理这个问题。） take off （飞机）起飞；脱下（衣服） The plane will take off in 10 minutes.（飞机将在 10 分钟后起飞。）/He took off his coat because it was too hot.（因为太热，他脱下了外套。） take up 占据（时间、空间）；开始学习 / 从事 Playing the piano takes up most of her free time.（弹钢琴占据了她大部分的空闲时间。）/She decided to take up English after graduation.（她决定毕业后开始学习英语。） （三）易混淆动词（短语）辨析 高考常考查含义相近的动词（短语），需通过语境区分差异。 1. “borrow” vs “lend” vs “keep” borrow：借入，强调 “从别人那里借东西”，搭配 “borrow sth from sb” 例句：I borrowed a pen from my classmate.（我从同学那里借了一支笔。） lend：借出，强调 “把东西借给别人”，搭配 “lend sth to sb” 例句：She lent her bike to me yesterday.（昨天她把自行车借给我了。） keep：保留，强调 “借东西后的持有时间”，常与时间段连用 例句：You can keep this book for two weeks.（这本书你可以借两周。） 2. “look for” vs “find” vs “find out” look for：寻找，强调 “寻找的动作” 例句：He is looking for his lost key.（他正在找他丢失的钥匙。） find：找到，强调 “寻找的结果” 例句：Finally, he found the key under the sofa.（最后，他在沙发底下找到了钥匙。） find out：查明、弄清楚，强调 “通过努力得知真相或信息” 例句：We need to find out who broke the window.（我们需要查明是谁打破了窗户。） 3. “put on” vs “wear” vs “dress” put on：穿上，强调 “穿的动作” 例句：She put on her coat and went out.（她穿上外套出去了。） wear：穿着，强调 “穿的状态”，可接衣服、帽子、眼镜等 例句：He wears a pair of glasses every day.（他每天都戴着一副眼镜。） dress：给…… 穿衣服，宾语常为人，搭配 “dress sb” 或 “be dressed in” 例句：She dresses her daughter every morning.（她每天早上给女儿穿衣服。）He is dressed in a blue shirt today.（他今天穿着一件蓝色衬衫。） 考点二：情态动词的用法 （一）情态动词的特点 情态动词是表示说话人语气、态度（如能力、许可、义务、推测等）的动词，本身有词义但不能独立作谓语，需后接动词原形构成谓语。 常见特点：无人称和数的变化（如 can 的主语是单数 / 复数，形式均为 can）；否定式直接在后面加 not（如 can→can not/can't）；疑问句需将情态动词提前（如 Can you speak English?）。 （二）高频情态动词用法 1.表 “能力”：can/could/be able to can：侧重现在或客观上的能力，否定式 can't（“不能”）。 例句：She can play the piano very well.（她钢琴弹得很好。） could：① 过去的能力（对应 can 的过去式）；② 委婉表达现在的能力（语气比 can 弱）。 例句 1：He could swim when he was five.（他五岁时就会游泳了。） 例句 2：Could you help me carry this box?（你能帮我搬这个箱子吗？）（表委婉请求，非过去时） be able to：可用于各种时态，强调 “通过努力实现的能力”，与 can/could 的区别在于时态灵活性。 例句：After practicing for a month, she was able to pass the driving test.（练习一个月后，她终于能通过驾照考试了。） 2.表 “许可”：can/could/may/might can/could：口语中常用，could 语气更委婉，回答时用 can（不用 could）表许可。 例句 1：Can I use your pen?（我能用一下你的笔吗？） 例句 2：—Could I go out with friends tonight?（今晚我能和朋友出去吗？） —Yes, you can.（可以。）（不可说 Yes, you could.） may/might：正式场合常用，might 语气更委婉，回答时用 may 或 can 表许可。 例句 1：You may not enter the lab without permission.（未经允许，不得进入实验室。） 例句 2：Might I ask a question about the text?（我可以问一个关于课文的问题吗？） 3.表 “义务 / 责任”：must/have to/should/ought to must：① 主观上的 “必须”（强调说话人要求），否定式 mustn't（“禁止”）；② 肯定句中表 “必然推测”（“一定”）。 例句 1：You must finish your homework before watching TV.（看电视前你必须完成作业。）（主观要求） 例句 2：You mustn't park here—it's a no-parking area.（禁止在这里停车，这是禁停区。）（禁止） 例句 3：He isn't in the office. He must be on his way to the meeting.（他不在办公室，一定是在去开会的路上。）（肯定推测） have to：客观上的 “不得不”（因外界条件被迫），有人称和时态变化，否定式 don't have to（“不必”）。 例句：It's raining heavily, so I have to take an umbrella.（雨下得很大，所以我不得不带伞。）（客观被迫） should/ought to：① 表 “建议”（“应该”，ought to 语气稍强）；② 表 “责任”（“理应”）。 例句 1：You should listen to your parents' advice.（你应该听父母的建议。）（建议） 例句 2：He ought to apologize for being late.（他迟到了，理应道歉。）（责任） 4.表 “推测”：must/may/might/can/could 推测语气从强到弱：must（一定，100%）> may（可能，70%）> might/could（或许，50%）> can't（不可能，0%） 肯定推测：must（仅用于肯定句）、may、might、could（may/might/could 可用于肯定 / 否定句）。 例句 1：The light is on. She must be at home.（灯亮着，她一定在家。）（肯定句，强推测） 例句 2：He may not come to the party—he has a lot of work to do.（他可能不来参加派对了，他有很多工作要做。）（否定句，中推测） 否定推测：can't（“不可能”，语气强）、may not/might not（“可能不”，语气弱）。 例句 1：He can't speak French—he never learned it.（他不可能会说法语，他从没学过。）（强否定推测） 例句 2：This might not be the right answer. Let's check again.（这或许不是正确答案，我们再检查一下。）（弱否定推测） 5.表 “意愿 / 请求”：will/would/shall will：① 表现在的 “意愿”（“愿意”）；② 表 “请求”（口语中，主语为第二人称）；③ 表 “将来习惯性动作”（“会”）。 例句 1：I will help you if you need it.（如果你需要，我愿意帮你。）（意愿） 例句 2：Will you please pass me the salt?（请把盐递给我好吗？）（请求） 例句 3：Every morning, he will go for a walk in the park.（每天早上，他都会去公园散步。）（习惯性动作） would：① 过去的 “意愿”（对应 will 的过去式）；② 委婉表现在的 “请求 / 意愿”（语气比 will 弱）。 例句 1：She said she would meet us at the gate.（她说她会在门口等我们。）（过去意愿） 例句 2：Would you like a cup of tea?（你想喝杯茶吗？）（委婉请求） shall：① 用于第一人称（I/we），表 “征求意见”（“…… 好吗？”）；② 用于第二、三人称，表 “命令、承诺或规定”（正式场合）。 例句 1：Shall we go to the cinema this weekend?（这周末我们去看电影好吗？）（征求意见） 例句 2：All students shall obey the school rules.（所有学生必须遵守校规。）（规定） （三）易混点辨析 must vs. have to：must 是 “主观必须”，have to 是 “客观不得不”。 例：I must study hard（我觉得自己必须努力）；I have to study hard（老师留了很多作业，不得不努力）。 can't vs. mustn't：can't 是 “不可能”（表推测），mustn't 是 “禁止”（表义务）。 例：He can't be late（他不可能迟到）；You mustn't be late（你禁止迟到）。 may vs. might：might 推测语气比 may 弱，且可用于过去时；may 可表 “许可”，might 表 “许可” 时更委婉。 例：He may come（可能来）；He might come（或许来，更不确定）。 考点三：虚拟语气的结构与用法 虚拟语气是高考学考英语语法的核心考点之一，主要用于表达非真实的假设、愿望、建议、命令或推测，即说话人认为句子描述的情况与事实相反、不太可能发生或仅为主观设想。其核心特征是通过动词时态的 “后退”（如用过去时表现在，用过去完成时表过去）来体现 “非真实性”。 （一）虚拟语气的核心：与事实相反的假设 这类虚拟语气主要用于if引导的条件状语从句，需根据 “假设的时间”（现在、过去、将来）调整主从句的动词形式，是高考最常考的基础类型。 1. 与 “现在事实” 相反的假设 【适用情境】假设当前存在的情况与实际不符（如 “我现在要是有时间，就去看你”，但实际 “我现在没时间”）。 【句式结构】if 从句（主语 + 过去式，be 动词统一用 were）；主句（主语 + would/could/should/might + 动词原形）。 例句： If I were you, I would take this opportunity to study abroad. （如果我是你，我会抓住这个机会出国留学。） 解析：实际 “我不是你”，从句用 were（不用 was），主句用 would take 表 “将会做”。 If she had more money, she could buy a new computer. （如果她有更多钱，她就能买一台新电脑了。） 解析：实际 “她没有更多钱”，从句用过去式 had，主句用 could buy 表 “能够做”。 2. 与 “过去事实” 相反的假设 【适用情境】假设过去发生的事情与实际结果不同（如 “昨天要是下雨，我们就不会去公园了”，但实际 “昨天没下雨，我们去了公园”）。 【句式结构】if 从句（主语 + had + 过去分词）；主句（主语 + would/could/should/might + have + 过去分词）。 例句： If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam. （如果他当初更努力学习，他就能通过考试了。） 解析：实际 “他过去没努力，没通过考试”，从句用 had studied，主句用 would have passed 表 “本会通过”。 We might have arrived on time if the traffic hadn’t been so heavy. （如果当时交通没那么拥堵，我们或许能准时到达。） 解析：实际 “过去交通拥堵，没准时到”，从句用 hadn’t been，主句用 might have arrived 表 “本可能到达”。 3. 与 “将来事实” 相反的假设 【适用情境】假设未来发生的事情可能性极低（如 “要是明天天塌下来，我们就待在家里”，但实际 “明天天不可能塌”）。 【句式结构】if 从句（①主语 + 过去式；②主语 + should + 动词原形；③主语 + were to + 动词原形）；主句（主语 + would/could/should/might + 动词原形）。 例句： If it rained tomorrow, we would cancel the picnic. （如果明天下雨，我们就取消野餐。） 解析：实际 “明天大概率不下雨”，从句用过去式 rained，主句用 would cancel。 If you should meet her, please tell her to call me back.（此处主句表 “建议”，用原形） （万一你见到她，麻烦让她给我回电话。） 解析：实际 “未来见到她的可能性低”，从句用 should meet（表 “万一”），主句用动词原形（符合 “建议” 的虚拟用法，见下文 “特殊场景”）。 If the earth were to stop rotating, all living things would die. （如果地球停止自转，所有生物都会死亡。） 解析：实际 “地球不可能停止自转”，从句用 were to stop，主句用 would die。 （二）虚拟语气的特殊场景 除了if条件句，虚拟语气还常用于表达 “愿望、建议、命令、遗憾” 等场景，需牢记固定句式和动词形式。 1. 表达 “愿望”：wish + 宾语从句 根据 “愿望的时间” 调整从句动词时态，与 “if 条件句” 时态逻辑一致。 对 “现在” 的愿望：从句用过去式（be 动词用 were）。 例句：I wish I were taller.（我希望自己再高一点。）→ 实际 “现在不高”。 对 “过去” 的愿望：从句用 had + 过去分词。 例句：She wishes she hadn’t said those words to her mother.（她希望自己没对妈妈说那些话。）→ 实际 “过去说了，现在后悔”。 对 “将来” 的愿望：从句用 would/could + 动词原形。 例句：We wish the summer holiday would come soon.（我们希望暑假快点来。）→ 实际 “暑假还没到，愿望暂未实现”。 2. 表达 “建议、命令、要求”：特定动词 + 宾语从句 从句动词必须用 “should + 动词原形”，其中 should 可省略（高考常考 “省略 should” 的情况）。常见动词：suggest（建议）、advise（建议）、order（命令）、command（命令）、request（要求）、require（要求）、insist（坚持要求）、demand（要求）。 例句： The teacher suggested that we (should) practice speaking English every day. （老师建议我们每天练习说英语。） 解析：suggest 表 “建议”，从句用 (should) practice，should 可省略。 The manager ordered that the work (should) be finished before 5 o’clock. （经理命令这项工作要在 5 点前完成。） 解析：order 表 “命令”，从句用 (should) be finished（被动语态），should 可省略。 3. 表达 “遗憾、惋惜”：without/but for + 名词（替代 if 条件句） “without/but for + 名词” 相当于 “if it weren’t/hadn’t been for + 名词”，主句用虚拟语气。 与现在相反：without + 名词，主句用 would/could + 动词原形。 例句：Without your help, I couldn’t finish this work on time.（要是没有你的帮助，我没法按时完成这项工作。）→ 实际 “现在有你的帮助”。 与过去相反：but for + 名词，主句用 would/could + have + 过去分词。 例句：But for his carelessness, we would have won the game.（要不是他的粗心，我们本该赢得比赛。）→ 实际 “过去他粗心，没赢比赛”。 4. 固定句式：as if/as though（好像） 从句用虚拟语气（与事实不符），时态与 “wish” 一致；若与事实相符，用陈述语气。 与现在相反：从句用过去式。 例句：He talks as if he knew everything.（他说话的样子好像什么都知道。）→ 实际 “他不知道所有事”。 与过去相反：从句用 had + 过去分词。 例句：She looks as though she had cried for a long time.（她看起来好像哭了很久。）→ 实际 “她没哭很久”。 考点一：动词的分类及动词短语 例1．Rather than ________ there doing nothing, he prefers to help his colleagues with the preparation of the meeting. A．seat B．sit C．seating D．sitting 【答案】B 【解析】考查sit与seat的区别和固定结构。句意：与其坐在那里无所事事，他更愿意帮助同事们准备会议。prefer to do rather than do表示“宁愿做……而不愿做”，seat是及物动词，常用于be seated结构，sit是不及物动词，故B项正确。 例2．Not only his children but also the old man ________ himself with welfare projects. A．is concerned B．concerns C．are concerned D．concern 【答案】B 【解析】考查主谓一致和动词短语。句意：不仅他的孩子，而且这位老人自己也和福利项目有关。当not only…but also…引导并列结构做主语的时候，谓语动词遵从就近一致原则，本句要和the old man保持一致，要使用单数形式。动词短语concern sb with sth意为“某人与某事有关系”，该短语与上下文语意一致。故B项正确。 1．—Tom, don't always make your sister_________. Go and get the car_________ at once. —OK, mum. I'll do it right now. A．to cry; wash B．cries; to wash C．cry; washed D．cry; wash 2．I prefer to have those advanced machines ________ rather than let them ________ by the enemies! A．destroyed; to be used B．to be destroyed; be used C．destroyed; be used D．to be destroyed; used 3．It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some ________ over 90 meters. A．measured B．measuring C．measures D．is measured 4．In my opinion, all Mr. White ________ good to his students in his class at present. He is very strict in their study. A．does does does B．does do do C．does does do D．does do does 5．With the development of science and technology, the prices of TV sets have _____. A．gone down B．been gone down C．brought down D．been gone up 考点二：情态动词的用法 例1. It has been announced that the first to purchase goods on the opening day in the supermarket ________ get 10% off the total price. A．must B．will C．shall D．may 【答案】C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：据宣布，第一个在超市购物的人可以享受总价9折的优惠。该题考查情态动词shall的用法：shall在法律、条约、协定等文件中，表示义务、规定、承诺等。此处表示超市的“承诺”。故选C项。 例2．—Zhang Guimei has achieved so much in her career as a teacher and principal. —Yes, she ________ a lot of difficulties to make such great achievements. A．would have gone through B．must have gone through C．should have gone through D．could have gone through 【答案】B 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——为一名教师和校长，张桂梅在她的职业生涯中取得了很多成就。 ——是的，她一定经历了很多困难才取得了如此伟大的成就。 此处表示对过去的肯定的推测，意义为“一定”，应该用must have done结构。故填B项。 1．Any individual who intends to ______ a medical career ______, in accordance with established regulations, complete the necessary training and pass all required examinations before being granted the professional license. A．commence; shall B．commence; ought to C．manage; ought to D．manage; shall 2．— What about your trip to the town? — Couldn’t be worse. Stuck in the mud, the car _______ not move, however hard we pushed it. A．could B．should C．would D．might 3．Don’t let Tom paint on the trousers, for it________ wash out. A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．can’t D．won’t 4．—How about the meals during your exchange visit? —Well, it ____________ worse. A．couldn’t have been B．couldn’t be C．might not have been D．might not be 5．I __________ myself more — It was a perfect day. A．couldn’t have enjoyed B．needn’t have enjoyed C．shouldn’t have enjoyed D．mustn’t have enjoyed 考点三：虚拟语气的结构与用法 例1. There is a real possibility that these delicate animals could be frightened, __________a sudden loud noise. A．if there should have B．should there be C．had there been D．if there be 【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。句意：如果突然一声巨响，这些脆弱的动物很有可能会收到惊吓。此处为虚拟语气的条件句，根据前文的these delicate animals could be frightened和句意可知，此处与将来事实相反，表达为if there should be a sudden loud noise，可省略为should there be a sudden loud noise。故选B。 例2．Although the suspect insisted ______ alone during the time of the crime, the court still demanded evidence ______ to support his alibi. A．being at home, he should provide B．he be at home, he provided C．he was at home, be provided D．he was at home, he providing 【答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气和动词时态。句意：尽管嫌疑人在犯罪发生时坚称自己独自在家，但法庭仍然要求提供证据来支持他的不在场证明。第一空，insisted表示“坚持认为”，后面的宾语从句应该使用陈述语气，而不是虚拟语气，结合“insisted”可知，从句使用一般过去时，排除A项和B项；第二空，demanded后面接宾语从句，从句中的动词应该使用虚拟语气，即“(should) + 动词原形”，should常省略，evidence和provide为被动关系，需用被动语态。故选C。 1．I recommend the government ________ this new method for city design since it is cheaper and practical, ________ the way most city design is done today. A．uses; compared to B．use; compared with C．use; comparing to D．uses; comparing with 2．She described her future career plans in such detail, as if she ______ them for a long time, and at this time next year, she ______ in a renowned international company. A．would plan; will work B．had planned; will be working C．has planned; works D．would plan; is working 3．_______ for his unexpected invitation last week, I wouldn’t be standing here today, making small talks with this buzzing crowd of strangers who _______ come out for the special occasion — an unimaginable scenario for an introvert like me. A．Were it not; have B．Had it not been; has C．Were it not; has D．Had it not been; have 4．Volunteers officially requested that more shelters ________ to accommodate more homeless cats and dogs in the city. A．were built B．were being built C．would be built D．be built 5．— It’s many years since I last saw you. I didn’t recognize you at first. — I ________ either, if someone hadn’t called you by name. A．wouldn’t have B．wouldn’t C．didn’t D．hadn’t 一、单项选择 1．The bill ________ data-privacy standards across the EU, and tech companies ________ that compliance costs will soar. A．concerns about; deeply concern B．concerns; are deeply concerned C．concerns that; are deeply concerned about D．is concerned about; are deeply concerned 2．This kind of cloth ______ well and ______ long. A．washes; is lasted B．is washed; lasting C．washes; lasts D．is washing; lasting 3．Many students ______ the basic skills needed to solve complex math problems, which makes it difficult for them to achieve high scores. A．lack of B．are lacking of C．lack D．are lacking for 4．The teacher has his students ______ English every morning for half an hour. A．read B．reading C．to read D．being read 5．Some of the apples are bad, but I believe the rest _________sweet. A．taste B．tastes C．is tasted D．are tasted 6．At the meeting, Mr Lee ________ some issues that were closely connected with education, which led to some heated discussions. A．came across B．wound up C．referred to D．burned up 7．There are many things teens should when deciding what colleges to apply to. A．set in motion B．get under control C．bring to an end D．take into consideration 8．A family day out is an opportunity to work and school and spend quality time together. A．put aside B．pass on C．take up D．give away 9．I don’t figure out why Jackson ________ the job offer. After all, he has been out of work for nearly a year. A．put down B．turned down C．turned up D．cheered up 10．He decided to take up painting as a hobby in his spare time. A．give up B．drop out C．start D．concern 11．The teacher suggests that the broken classroom window __________ as soon as possible to keep students safe. A．repair B．repaired C．be repaired D．is repairing 12．The visitors looked at me ______I had lost my mind. A．so that B．as long as C．as if D．unless 13．It is strongly recommended that the machine_________ every year. A．should check B．checked C．be checked D．is checked 14．It is strongly recommended that he ________ to the hospital. A．sends B．is sent C．should send D．be sent 15．The first time we ________ the annual conference, our manager suggested that we ________ the procedure. A．hold; simplified B．held; simplify C．have held; simplified D．had held; simplify 16．All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ________ badly wounded and that he ________ at once. A．should be; be operated on B．were; must be operated on C．was; should be operated D．was; be operated on 17．With the situation ________ urgent, the expert advocates that the government ________ more on green energy. A．becoming; invests B．becomes; invest C．becoming; invest D．became; should invest 18．It is essential that these application forms ________ back as early as possible. A．are sent B．be sent C．will be sent D．must be send 19．The teacher demanded that every student ________ of the safety rules before the experiment. A．informing B．be informed C．to be informed D．was informed 20．They insisted that we ______ to the countryside to work as practice teachers. A．send B．sent C．be sent D．were sent 21．The university student answered all the questions properly. She ________ many books. A．must have read B．must read C．could have read D．should read 22．—Can my computer be repaired by Friday? —It ________ be ready by then, but I’ll call you to confirm. A．should B．shall C．would D．must 23．Depression, a mental problem that often results from fierce competition and great pressures in life, ________ be a destructive illness if not treated properly. A．must B．should C．need D．can 24．No reader remove a book from the library without permission. A．would B．might C．shall D．need 25．— Is your class teacher in the office now? — He ________ be there now. He’s gone to Beijing. A．mustn’t B．can’t C．needn’t D．won’t 二、语法填空 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For his first trip to China, an official from the Republic of Korea (ROK) headed straight to Zhangjiajie, famous 1 its beautiful landscape (景色). He said, “I feel 2 (excite) and it feels like stepping into a wonderland. One of the fastest ways to experience the area is by 3 (ride) up the world’s tallest outdoor elevator.” He expressed his 4 (admire) for Zhangjiajie National Forest Park. Zhangjiajie, located in Hunan Province, was the source of inspiration for a film. Thanks to China’s expanded visa-free transit policy (过境免签政策), this inland city 5 (become) a hot spot for international tourists so far. Streets are lined with different kinds of restaurants and multilingual (多种语言的) signs. Local sellers even learn foreign languages 6 (welcome) guests. 7 (actual), from January 2025 to July 2025, the city hosted 722,000 international visitors, spending $380 million. Tourism employs over 300,000 people during peak seasons. Zhangjiajie now attracts lots of visitors 8 are from 183 countries and areas. In recent years, Hunan Province has put forward 9 number of policies to provide convenience for inbound tourists. These policies cover entry procedures, payment, transportation, and shopping. In January 2025, 18 provincial departments jointly issued (发布) 12 10 (measure), which are to further promote tourism and make sure international tourists have a more pleasant experience. B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Located in the southwest of Zhangjiajie in Hunan Province, Fenghuang Ancient Town or Phoenix Ancient Town 1 (know) as “the most beautiful town in China”. 2 (build) in 1704, this old town was given the title of the “National AAAAA Tourist Attraction” for 3 (it) breathtaking scenery of many ancient sites of towers, bridges, streets, and other buildings as well as the rich culture of Miao, Tujia and other 26 ethnic groups. You may be attracted by the simple but 4 (wonder) customs, 5 are written in Border Town, to come to visit 6 place. But once you get here, you will find its 7 (attract) is not limited to this. You can walk on the bluestone paths after the rain; take a boat on the Tuojiang River and appreciate the 100-year-old buildings; climb on the ancient gate towers 8 feel all the changes of the ancient town; watch the old woman washing clothes on the river banks 9 (calm); or sit alone near the window in a coffee bar silently 10 (enjoy) the scenery and letting your thoughts drift... These may be the secrets of the quietness of the ancient town. C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Recently I had the honor to join a media tour and travel to Qufu, Jining in Shandong Province — the birthplace of Confucius — which allowed me 1 (reflect) deeply on his sayings, a reminder of transformation — whether personal or societal — comes through steady, mindful action, no matter how 2 (slow) the journey may go on. At the 2024 Confucius ceremonial event on September 28th, I was inspired by the lasting influence of Confucius’ teachings, stressing morality and virtuous behavior. I’ve seen this not only throughout the people I meet but also in its expansion across the world, 3 (carry) by education programs, including Confucius Institutes that help bridge cultures. While visiting the Temple of Confucius, I realized that the 4 (strong) of his teachings lies in its simplicity, much like his saying about persistence. Each lesson in morality, responsibility and virtue builds upon the last, just as small, patient steps lead to great progress over time. This philosophy of steady perseverance creates 5 strong foundation for 6 (harmony) living. The focus on relationships by Confucius, whether with family, colleagues or society, 7 (shape) how China interacts with the world already. I’ve come to see that the power of Shandong, and indeed China 8 a whole, is built on countless individual acts of responsibility and honesty. This is much like the essence of Panda Diplomacy (外交), which reflects the country’s ongoing commitment to 9 (promote) grassroots friendship between China and other nations through giant pandas. This, 10 I’ve witnessed many times, represents the gradual yet dead-set progress towards building something lasting. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $