第10讲 动名词-核心语法 重难点专项突破 任务单 2026届高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）

高考核心语法·精练 第10讲 动名词2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、动名词基础及句法功能（主语 / 表语 / 定语）表 此表格梳理动名词的基础特征及 “作主语、作表语、作定语” 三大核心句法功能，明确各功能的结构规则、高频场景及与其他非谓语的区分，是掌握动名词基本用法的核心框架。 功能 结构规则 高频示例 关键区分点 基础特征 形式：动词 - ing；属性：兼具动词（可带宾语 / 状语）、名词（可作主 / 宾）特征；语义：表抽象、习惯性或已完成动作 reading books（带宾语）；running fast（带状语） —— 作主语 1. 直接作主语：动词 - ing 置于句首，表抽象概念，谓语用单数 2. It 作形式主语：用于固定句型 “It is no use/good + doing…”（表 “做某事无用 / 无好处”） 3. There is no doing…：表 “禁止做某事”，语气强硬 1. Swimming is good for health 2. It is no use crying over spilt milk 3. There is no denying that he is excellent 不可用不定式表 “习惯性动作”（错误：To swim is good for health；正确：Swimming is good for health） 作表语 系动词（be/seem/appear）后接动词 - ing，对主语（多为抽象名词 /what 引导的从句）进行解释说明，语义上与主语构成 “等同关系” 1. His job is teaching English 2. What I enjoy most is reading in the library 区别于现在分词作表语（表主语特征，如 “The film is exciting” 中 exciting 是现在分词，表 “电影令人兴奋”；动名词作表语表 “主语是什么”） 作定语 动词 - ing 修饰名词，说明被修饰词的 “用途、性质或逻辑关系”，多构成 “a + doing + 名词” 结构 1. a swimming pool（用途：用于游泳的池子） 2. a walking stick（用途：用于走路的拐杖） 3. a sleeping bag（性质：供睡觉用的袋子） 与其他非谓语作定语区分： - 现在分词：表主动 / 进行（a running man，正在跑的人） - 过去分词：表被动 / 完成（a broken cup，被打碎的杯子） - 不定式：表将来（a meeting to attend，要参加的会议） 注意事项： 1. 作主语时谓语单复数：无论动名词内容是否为复数（如 “Reading and writing”），谓语均用单数，不可因动名词为并列结构而用复数（错误：Reading and writing are helpful；正确：Reading and writing is helpful）； 2. 作表语的语义匹配：需确保动名词与主语在语义上 “等同”，不可表 “主语的特征”（错误：The task is tiring；正确：The task is finishing the report——tiring 是现在分词，表 “任务令人疲惫” 的特征；finishing 是动名词，表 “任务是完成报告” 的等同关系）； 3. 作定语的用途指向：动名词作定语仅说明 “被修饰词的用途”，不可表 “动作正在进行”，若需表 “进行中的动作”，需用现在分词作后置定语（错误：a reading student；正确：a student reading——“reading student” 易误理解为 “供阅读的学生”，逻辑不符）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. __________ (read) classic literature regularly can help us improve our cultural literacy and critical thinking skills. 2. It is no use __________ (complain) about the heavy traffic; we’d better leave earlier to avoid being late. 3. The main function of this machine is __________ (print) high-quality documents for the company’s daily operations. 4. My grandmother still uses a __________ (walk) stick that her father made for her when she was young. 5. There is no __________ (deny) that environmental protection has become one of the most important global issues today. 二、动名词作宾语（高频考点）表 此表格聚焦动名词 “作宾语” 的四类核心场景，覆盖 “只接动名词的动词、接 to do/doing 意义不同的动词、含介词 to 的动词短语、常接省略介词的动词短语”，是语法填空、写作及单项选择的高频考点，需要强化记忆，加以掌握。 场景 结构规则 高频词汇 / 短语 示例 只接动名词的动词 动词后仅能接动词 - ing 作宾语，不可接不定式，需牢记高频动词 mind（介意）、miss（错过）、enjoy（喜欢）、escape（逃避）、consider（考虑）、avoid（避免）、appreciate（感激）、risk（冒险）、finish（完成）、forbid（禁止）、imagine（想象）、practise（实践）、suggest（建议）、delay（延迟） She suggested exercising regularly. He avoided making the same mistake. 接 to do/doing 异义的动词 动词后接不定式与动名词时语义差异大，需根据 “动作是否已发生”“动作是否转换” 区分 forget（to do 未做 /doing 已做）、remember（同理）、regret（to do 遗憾做 /doing 后悔做）、go on（to do 做另事 /doing 继续做）、stop（to do 做另事 /doing 停做事）、can’t help（to do 不能帮 /doing 情不自禁）、mean（to do 打算做 /doing 意味着）、try（to do 努力做 /doing 尝试做） He forgot to lock the door（未做，忘记要锁门）；He forgot locking it（已做，忘记锁过门） She stopped to rest（做另事，停下来去休息）；She stopped talking（停做事，停止说话） 含介词 to 的动词短语 短语中的 “to” 为介词，后接动词 - ing，不可接不定式，需注意与 “to 为不定式符号” 的短语区分 look forward to（盼望）、be used to（习惯于）、be accustomed to（习惯于）、stick to（坚持）、pay attention to（注意）、devote oneself to（致力于）、object to（反对）、be opposed to（反对）、when it comes to（谈到）、attach importance to（重视） We look forward to meeting you at the party. He is used to getting up early on weekends. 常接省略介词的动词短语 短语中 “in/from” 可省略，省略后仍接动词 - ing，不影响语义表达 spend/waste…(in) doing（花费 / 浪费… 做某事）、be busy/occupied (in) doing（忙于做某事）、prevent/stop…(from) doing（阻止… 做某事）、have difficulty/trouble (in) doing（做… 有困难）、have fun (in) doing（做… 很开心）、There is no point/sense (in) doing（做… 无意义） They spent two hours (in) decorating their new house. She has trouble (in) speaking English fluently. 注意事项： 1. 只接动名词的动词被动语态：若需体现 “被动动作”，需用动名词的被动式（being done），不可接不定式的被动式（to be done）（错误：He avoided to be criticized；正确：He avoided being criticized）； 2. 接 to do/doing 异义动词的语境判断：避免仅凭 “翻译” 判断，需结合 “动作时态”（已做 / 未做）或 “动作对象”（同一动作 / 另一动作）区分，如 “regret to say” 表 “遗憾要告知”（动作未发生），“regret saying” 表 “后悔告知”（动作已发生）； 3. 含介词 to 的短语不可混淆：需明确 “to 为介词”，后接动词 - ing，不可因 “to 常接不定式” 而误接 to do（错误：look forward to meet；正确：look forward to meeting）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The manager suggested __________ (hold) a meeting next Monday to discuss the new marketing strategy with all team members. 2. She regretted __________ (not take) her teacher’s advice to study abroad, as she now finds it hard to get a good job in her field. 3. We are looking forward to __________ (meet) the famous scientist at the academic conference to be held next month. 4. The little boy has difficulty __________ (express) his thoughts clearly, so his parents often read picture books with him to improve his language skills. 5. He tried __________ (fix) the broken radio by himself, but he finally had to ask a professional technician for help. 三、动名词特殊形式（时态语态 / 被动意义）表 此表格梳理动名词的 “时态语态形式” 及 “主动形式表被动意义” 两类特殊用法，解决 “何时用一般式 / 完成式”“何时主动形式能表被动” 等易错问题，是语法填空的细节考点，尤其需注意完成式的动作先后逻辑和被动意义的适用场景。 类别 结构规则 适用场景 示例 时态语态形式 1. 一般式（主动）：doing（表动名词动作与主句动作同时发生或稍后发生，无明显先后） 2. 一般式（被动）：being done（表动名词动作被承受，且与主句动作同时发生） 3. 完成式（主动）：having done（表动名词动作先于主句动作完成，有明确先后顺序） 4. 完成式（被动）：having been done（表动名词动作被承受且先于主句动作完成） 5. 否定式：not + doing/not + having done（否定词 “not” 必须置于动名词前，不可后置） 1. 一般式：动作无先后，或需体现 “被动但无先后” 2. 完成式：动作有明确先后，需强调 “先发生” 3. 否定式：表 “未做 / 没做” 某动作 1. He enjoys reading novels（一般式主动，无先后） 2. She was proud of being selected as the leader（一般式被动，同时发生） 3. They praised him for having saved the child（完成式主动，先救人后被表扬） 4. He regretted not having finished the work on time（否定完成式，没按时完成） 主动形式表被动意义 1. 适用动词：want/need/require/deserve（表 “需要 / 值得”），后接 doing，等同于 “to be done” 2. 固定结构：be worth doing（表 “某事值得被做”），仅用主动形式，不可用被动形式（being done） 1. 主语为 “物”，需体现 “被处理、被评价” 的语义 2. 不可用被动式，避免语义重复或语法错误 1. The room needs cleaning = The room needs to be cleaned（房间需要被打扫） 2. His suggestion is worth considering（他的建议值得被考虑，不可说 is worth being considered） 注意事项： 1. 完成式的使用限制：仅当动名词动作 “明确先于主句动作” 时才用完成式，若无先后顺序，需用一般式（错误：He enjoys having read novels；正确：He enjoys reading novels——“喜欢读小说” 无先后，用一般式）； 2. 主动表被动的动词范围：仅 want/need/require/deserve/be worth 适用，其他动词不可随意套用（错误：The book wants reading；正确：The book is worth reading——“want reading” 虽语法成立，但日常表达中更常用 “be worth reading”，语义更自然）； 3. be worth 的主语限制：主语需是 “事或物”，不可是人，若需表达 “人值得被表扬”，需转换主语（错误：He is worth praising；正确：His behavior is worth praising）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The singer was praised for __________ (donate) a large amount of money to help the poor children in remote areas last year. 2. The problem __________ (discuss) at yesterday’s meeting is still under further research by the company’s R&D department. 3. This old building needs __________ (repair) as soon as possible, as some parts of the walls have started to fall off. 4. His proposal is worth __________ (consider) because it can effectively reduce the company’s operating costs without affecting product quality. 5. They apologized for __________ (not inform) us of the change in the meeting time earlier, which caused us a lot of trouble. 四、动名词复合结构表 此表格梳理动名词复合结构的 “标准形式” 与 “省略形式”，明确两种形式的结构规则、适用场景及语义功能，可用于写作中表达 “某人做某事” 的抽象概念，也能辅助理解长难句中 “所属关系” 的动名词结构，是提升句式复杂度的重要语法点。 类型 结构规则 适用场景 示例 标准形式 1. 名词所有格 + doing（如 Jane’s doing，表 “简的某动作”） 2. 形容词物主代词 + doing（如 her doing，表 “她的某动作”） 作主语、表语或宾语，正式语境（如书面语、学术写作）常用，强调 “动作的所属关系”，语义更严谨 1. Jane’s coming to the party made us happy（作主语，强调 “简的到来”） 2. The problem is her not taking the risk seriously（作表语，强调 “她的不重视”） 3. I really appreciate your helping me with the project（作宾语，强调 “你的帮助”） 省略形式 1. 名词普通格 + doing（如 Jane doing，省略所有格 “’s”） 2. 人称代词宾格 + doing（如 me doing，用宾格替代形容词物主代词） 作表语或宾语，非正式语境（如口语、日常写作）常用，可简化表达，避免结构复杂 1. He doesn’t mind me using his computer（作宾语，口语中常用 “me using” 替代 “my using”） 2. The funny part is Tom falling off the bike（作表语，用 “Tom falling” 替代 “Tom’s falling”，更简洁） 注意事项： 1. 标准形式的主语优先：当复合结构作主语时，需用标准形式（名词所有格 / 形容词物主代词 + doing），不可用省略形式（错误：Jane doing made us happy；正确：Jane’s doing made us happy）； 2. 省略形式的场景限制：仅作表语或宾语时可用省略形式，作主语时不可用，避免语法错误； 3. 名词所有格的特殊情况：若名词为复数（如 “the students”）或集合名词（如 “the team”），所有格仍用 “’s”（the students’ doing/the team’s doing），不可直接用普通格（错误：the students doing；正确：the students’ doing）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Tom’s __________ (arrive) late for the important meeting made the manager very angry with him. 2. I really appreciate your __________ (help) me prepare for the job interview, as your suggestions were very useful. 3. The problem is Mary’s __________ (not finish) her work on time, which has delayed the entire project’s progress. 4. The teacher didn’t mind the students’ __________ (ask) questions during the lecture, as long as they raised their hands first. 5. Our __________ (complete) the task ahead of schedule surprised our boss, who originally thought we would need two more weeks. 一、单句语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·江苏南京·一模）Now the forestry authority has set up fixed water and hay-feeding points in the reserve to prevent the wild asses (starve). (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）On their return, the father asked his son (explain) what he had learnt. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．（2022·广东深圳·模拟预测） (equip) with a higher educational background increases your chance of having a promising career in the future.(所给词的适当形式填空) 4．（2025高三上·江苏·专题练习）It took him a while to adjust to (work) night shifts. （所给词的适当形式填空） 5．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）I believed that motorcycle riders were tough and leather-wearing loners. They seemed (look) for trouble all the time, using the roar of a motorcycle engine to frighten others off. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）I am looking forward to (receive) your letter. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）At the 2016 Oscar ceremony, DiCaprio’s (win) the award for Best Actor impressed all the audience present. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Many people find that emotions can stimulate them to eat when they are not hungry, which often leads to (eat) too many calories from foods that have low nutritional value. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）It’s the same today.  If students have the right resources (explore) ideas for themselves, many people can “teach” – including carers and parents during a pandemic (流行病). (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Picking a great gift requires (know) the person you’re giving it to. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Learning does not only happen when someone older puts information into the learner’s mind. Think about how often children and even adults learn from trial and error, from learning to ride a bike to (use) a new technology. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）There are some ways to untie the mess we’re creating in the world’s oceans, including (expand) our idea of seafood to include jellyfish. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Now, we’re one step closer to (find) an answer. According to the Kepler space telescope, about half the stars similar in temperature to our Sun could have a rocky planet capable of supporting liquid water on its surface. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）On the back of a motorcycle, (place) all your trust in someone to get you safely home is a way to remind you of the love they have for you. (所给词的适当形式填空) Passage 1 （2024·广东江苏·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 1 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 3 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 4 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6 first time. These plants included modern Western 7 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 8 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 9 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10 (rich) of gardening in England. Passage 2 （2023·上海·高考真题）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. 1 , patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether doctors’ apparent 2 when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology answers are 3 black or white. Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients’ expectations haven’t 4 , either. “Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about 5 uncertainty, not about creating certainty. ” Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be 6 working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose an ailment (小恙), he tells them to 7 their inquiry ---- come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best 8 and what the outcomes will be in the long run.” Technology has helped 9 the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more 10 diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a/an 11 and an opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an 12 level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease. ” On the other hand, computers can’t 13 a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also 14 quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, 15 , is decide how to break the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer. Passage 3 （2025·黑龙江大庆·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Near the village of Hengkeng in China’s Zhejiang province, there’s a bamboo forest with an open-air theatre, also made of bamboo. The incredible thing, however, is 1 no bamboo was actually cut to build the theater. Instead, living bamboo trees 2 (bend) and roped until they formed a dome (穹顶) with a circular opening at the top. The so-called Bamboo Theater was designed by Xu Tiantian of DnA Design and Architecture to provide a space 3 cultural activities for the local community. Together with seven other 4 (project) from across China, it’s been highlighted in an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York that seeks 5 (change) people’s understanding of the country’s approach to contemporary architecture. Titled “Reuse, Renew, Recycle: Recent Architecture from China”, the exhibition presents a new generation of Chinese architects who are promoting 6 (society) and environmental sustainability by transforming industrial buildings, 7 (recycle) materials, and reinterpreting ancient building techniques. Nowadays, the meaning of sustainability is often defined by a large number of standards 8 certifications rather than the lived, spatial experience. But the exhibition introduces a more delicate definition 9 (inspire) by the use of traditional materials and a stronger 10 (connect) between architecture and nature. “We want to redirect the global conversation to ecological approaches to architecture,” says Martino Stierli, who organized the exhibition along with Evangelos Kotsioris. Passage 4 （2025·上海杨浦·模拟预测）Directions: After reading the passage below: fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. On September 3, 2025, China will hold a grand military parade in Beijing to observe the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. Under the theme “Commemorating the Great Victory, Upholding Peace and Development,” the event aims to honor historical memory, pay tribute to national heroes, cherish the value of peace, and inspire generations 1 (come). 2 (last) approximately 70 minutes, the parade will consist of 45 formations, 3 include an aerial flag guard, marching infantry units (步兵部队), honor guards carrying historic battle flags, mechanized columns, and aerial flyovers. Notably, the equipment part 4 (showcase) a range of China’s domestically developed main battle systems currently in active service, reflecting the remarkable progress 5 (achieve) in national defense technology. The display will feature new-generation armored (装甲) vehicles, advanced aircraft, and state-of-the-art unmanned systems, underlining the country’s dedication to 6 (modernize) its armed forces. A highlight will be the performance 7 the joint military band. Comprising 14 rows symbolizing the 14 years of resistance and 80 trumpet players representing the 80th anniversary, the band will perform iconic wartime melodies, evoking a profound sense of historical continuity and national spirit. This parade is not merely a display of military strength 8 a solemn commitment to upholding peace and learning from history. 9 officials have emphasized, it will not only highlight China’s advancements in defense technology but also reaffirm 10 unwavering commitment to contributing to global peace and stability. The attendance of international guests and war veterans will further highlight the worldwide importance of this historic occasion. Passage 5 （2025·福建福州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A new sand-yellow cave theater built on the edge of the Gobi Desert in Dunhuang City is bringing the relics 1 life. The new performance 2 (stage) at the theater, Ancient Sounds of Dunhuang, draws inspiration from the Mogao Grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The dance, musical instruments, and even melodies (旋律) the show 3 (present) all come from the murals (壁画). “The audience can hear the timbre of the Indian pipa and the Persian konghou 4 enjoy the elegant dance performance, a perfect showcase of 5 Chinese and Western art mixed in Dunhuang in ancient times,” said Zhang Hua, the director. Cultural 6 (diverse) is Dunhuang’s name card. This cultural exchange, rooted in its history as a key Silk Road site, has not only shaped Dunhuang’s past but also guided its approach to preserving and 7 (share) with the world the timeless heritage, inspiring innovations that bridge 8 (glory) traditions with modern technology. Since the 1980s, authorities in Dunhuang 9 (begin) international cooperation in the protection of cultural relics. 10 (protect) cultural relics digitally, Dunhuang Academy has borrowed advanced foreign technology, established a set of digitization procedures and become a leader in the field of cultural relics protection in China. 13 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考核心语法·精练 第10讲 动名词2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、动名词基础及句法功能（主语 / 表语 / 定语）表 此表格梳理动名词的基础特征及 “作主语、作表语、作定语” 三大核心句法功能，明确各功能的结构规则、高频场景及与其他非谓语的区分，是掌握动名词基本用法的核心框架。 功能 结构规则 高频示例 关键区分点 基础特征 形式：动词 - ing；属性：兼具动词（可带宾语 / 状语）、名词（可作主 / 宾）特征；语义：表抽象、习惯性或已完成动作 reading books（带宾语）；running fast（带状语） —— 作主语 1. 直接作主语：动词 - ing 置于句首，表抽象概念，谓语用单数 2. It 作形式主语：用于固定句型 “It is no use/good + doing…”（表 “做某事无用 / 无好处”） 3. There is no doing…：表 “禁止做某事”，语气强硬 1. Swimming is good for health 2. It is no use crying over spilt milk 3. There is no denying that he is excellent 不可用不定式表 “习惯性动作”（错误：To swim is good for health；正确：Swimming is good for health） 作表语 系动词（be/seem/appear）后接动词 - ing，对主语（多为抽象名词 /what 引导的从句）进行解释说明，语义上与主语构成 “等同关系” 1. His job is teaching English 2. What I enjoy most is reading in the library 区别于现在分词作表语（表主语特征，如 “The film is exciting” 中 exciting 是现在分词，表 “电影令人兴奋”；动名词作表语表 “主语是什么”） 作定语 动词 - ing 修饰名词，说明被修饰词的 “用途、性质或逻辑关系”，多构成 “a + doing + 名词” 结构 1. a swimming pool（用途：用于游泳的池子） 2. a walking stick（用途：用于走路的拐杖） 3. a sleeping bag（性质：供睡觉用的袋子） 与其他非谓语作定语区分： - 现在分词：表主动 / 进行（a running man，正在跑的人） - 过去分词：表被动 / 完成（a broken cup，被打碎的杯子） - 不定式：表将来（a meeting to attend，要参加的会议） 注意事项： 1. 作主语时谓语单复数：无论动名词内容是否为复数（如 “Reading and writing”），谓语均用单数，不可因动名词为并列结构而用复数（错误：Reading and writing are helpful；正确：Reading and writing is helpful）； 2. 作表语的语义匹配：需确保动名词与主语在语义上 “等同”，不可表 “主语的特征”（错误：The task is tiring；正确：The task is finishing the report——tiring 是现在分词，表 “任务令人疲惫” 的特征；finishing 是动名词，表 “任务是完成报告” 的等同关系）； 3. 作定语的用途指向：动名词作定语仅说明 “被修饰词的用途”，不可表 “动作正在进行”，若需表 “进行中的动作”，需用现在分词作后置定语（错误：a reading student；正确：a student reading——“reading student” 易误理解为 “供阅读的学生”，逻辑不符）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. __________ (read) classic literature regularly can help us improve our cultural literacy and critical thinking skills. 【答案】Reading 【解析】考查动名词作主语（直接作主语表抽象动作）。句意：定期阅读经典文学作品能帮助我们提升文化素养和批判性思维能力。动名词直接作主语表抽象、习惯性动作，需用动词 - ing 形式，故填 Reading。 2. It is no use __________ (complain) about the heavy traffic; we’d better leave earlier to avoid being late. 【答案】complaining 【解析】考查动名词作真正主语（It is no use doing 句型）。句意：抱怨交通拥堵是没用的，我们最好早点出发避免迟到。“It is no use + doing” 为固定句型，it 为形式主语，真正主语是动名词，故填 complaining。 3. The main function of this machine is __________ (print) high-quality documents for the company’s daily operations. 【答案】printing 【解析】考查动名词作表语（解释主语等同关系）。句意：这台机器的主要功能是为公司日常运营打印高质量文件。动名词作表语对主语 “function” 进行解释，构成语义等同关系，需用动词 - ing 形式，故填 printing。 4. My grandmother still uses a __________ (walk) stick that her father made for her when she was young. 【答案】walking 【解析】考查动名词作定语（表名词用途）。句意：我奶奶还在用她年轻时父亲为她做的拐杖。动名词 “walking” 修饰 “stick”，表 “拐杖的用途（用于走路）”，符合 “doing + 名词” 结构，故填 walking。 5. There is no __________ (deny) that environmental protection has become one of the most important global issues today. 【答案】denying 【解析】考查动名词作主语（There is no doing 句型）。句意：不可否认，环境保护已成为当今全球最重要的议题之一。“There is no doing” 为固定句型，表 “无法做某事”，需用动名词，故填 denying。 二、动名词作宾语（高频考点）表 此表格聚焦动名词 “作宾语” 的四类核心场景，覆盖 “只接动名词的动词、接 to do/doing 意义不同的动词、含介词 to 的动词短语、常接省略介词的动词短语”，是语法填空、写作及单项选择的高频考点，需要强化记忆，加以掌握。 场景 结构规则 高频词汇 / 短语 示例 只接动名词的动词 动词后仅能接动词 - ing 作宾语，不可接不定式，需牢记高频动词 mind（介意）、miss（错过）、enjoy（喜欢）、escape（逃避）、consider（考虑）、avoid（避免）、appreciate（感激）、risk（冒险）、finish（完成）、forbid（禁止）、imagine（想象）、practise（实践）、suggest（建议）、delay（延迟） She suggested exercising regularly. He avoided making the same mistake. 接 to do/doing 异义的动词 动词后接不定式与动名词时语义差异大，需根据 “动作是否已发生”“动作是否转换” 区分 forget（to do 未做 /doing 已做）、remember（同理）、regret（to do 遗憾做 /doing 后悔做）、go on（to do 做另事 /doing 继续做）、stop（to do 做另事 /doing 停做事）、can’t help（to do 不能帮 /doing 情不自禁）、mean（to do 打算做 /doing 意味着）、try（to do 努力做 /doing 尝试做） He forgot to lock the door（未做，忘记要锁门）；He forgot locking it（已做，忘记锁过门） She stopped to rest（做另事，停下来去休息）；She stopped talking（停做事，停止说话） 含介词 to 的动词短语 短语中的 “to” 为介词，后接动词 - ing，不可接不定式，需注意与 “to 为不定式符号” 的短语区分 look forward to（盼望）、be used to（习惯于）、be accustomed to（习惯于）、stick to（坚持）、pay attention to（注意）、devote oneself to（致力于）、object to（反对）、be opposed to（反对）、when it comes to（谈到）、attach importance to（重视） We look forward to meeting you at the party. He is used to getting up early on weekends. 常接省略介词的动词短语 短语中 “in/from” 可省略，省略后仍接动词 - ing，不影响语义表达 spend/waste…(in) doing（花费 / 浪费… 做某事）、be busy/occupied (in) doing（忙于做某事）、prevent/stop…(from) doing（阻止… 做某事）、have difficulty/trouble (in) doing（做… 有困难）、have fun (in) doing（做… 很开心）、There is no point/sense (in) doing（做… 无意义） They spent two hours (in) decorating their new house. She has trouble (in) speaking English fluently. 注意事项： 1. 只接动名词的动词被动语态：若需体现 “被动动作”，需用动名词的被动式（being done），不可接不定式的被动式（to be done）（错误：He avoided to be criticized；正确：He avoided being criticized）； 2. 接 to do/doing 异义动词的语境判断：避免仅凭 “翻译” 判断，需结合 “动作时态”（已做 / 未做）或 “动作对象”（同一动作 / 另一动作）区分，如 “regret to say” 表 “遗憾要告知”（动作未发生），“regret saying” 表 “后悔告知”（动作已发生）； 3. 含介词 to 的短语不可混淆：需明确 “to 为介词”，后接动词 - ing，不可因 “to 常接不定式” 而误接 to do（错误：look forward to meet；正确：look forward to meeting）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The manager suggested __________ (hold) a meeting next Monday to discuss the new marketing strategy with all team members. 【答案】holding 【解析】考查动名词作宾语（只接动名词的动词 suggest）。句意：经理建议下周一开个会，与所有团队成员讨论新的营销策略。“suggest” 后只接动名词作宾语，需用 “suggest doing” 结构，故填 holding。 2. She regretted __________ (not take) her teacher’s advice to study abroad, as she now finds it hard to get a good job in her field. 【答案】not taking 【解析】考查动名词作宾语（regret not doing 表后悔未做）。句意：她后悔没听老师的建议出国留学，因为现在她发现在自己的领域很难找到好工作。“regret doing” 表后悔做过某事，否定式为 “regret not doing”，故填 not taking。 3. We are looking forward to __________ (meet) the famous scientist at the academic conference to be held next month. 【答案】meeting 【解析】考查动名词作宾语（含介词 to 的短语 look forward to）。句意：我们期待着在下个月举行的学术会议上见到这位著名科学家。“look forward to” 中 “to” 为介词，后接动名词，故填 meeting。 4. The little boy has difficulty __________ (express) his thoughts clearly, so his parents often read picture books with him to improve his language skills. 【答案】expressing 【解析】考查动名词作宾语（省介词的短语 have difficulty doing）。句意：这个小男孩很难清晰地表达自己的想法，所以他父母经常和他一起读绘本，以提升他的语言能力。“have difficulty (in) doing” 为固定短语，“in” 可省略，后接动名词，故填 expressing。 5. He tried __________ (fix) the broken radio by himself, but he finally had to ask a professional technician for help. 【答案】fixing 【解析】考查动名词作宾语（try doing 表尝试做某事）。句意：他试着自己修理坏了的收音机，但最后还是不得不请专业技术人员帮忙。“try doing” 表 “尝试做某事”，符合语境，故填 fixing。 三、动名词特殊形式（时态语态 / 被动意义）表 此表格梳理动名词的 “时态语态形式” 及 “主动形式表被动意义” 两类特殊用法，解决 “何时用一般式 / 完成式”“何时主动形式能表被动” 等易错问题，是语法填空的细节考点，尤其需注意完成式的动作先后逻辑和被动意义的适用场景。 类别 结构规则 适用场景 示例 时态语态形式 1. 一般式（主动）：doing（表动名词动作与主句动作同时发生或稍后发生，无明显先后） 2. 一般式（被动）：being done（表动名词动作被承受，且与主句动作同时发生） 3. 完成式（主动）：having done（表动名词动作先于主句动作完成，有明确先后顺序） 4. 完成式（被动）：having been done（表动名词动作被承受且先于主句动作完成） 5. 否定式：not + doing/not + having done（否定词 “not” 必须置于动名词前，不可后置） 1. 一般式：动作无先后，或需体现 “被动但无先后” 2. 完成式：动作有明确先后，需强调 “先发生” 3. 否定式：表 “未做 / 没做” 某动作 1. He enjoys reading novels（一般式主动，无先后） 2. She was proud of being selected as the leader（一般式被动，同时发生） 3. They praised him for having saved the child（完成式主动，先救人后被表扬） 4. He regretted not having finished the work on time（否定完成式，没按时完成） 主动形式表被动意义 1. 适用动词：want/need/require/deserve（表 “需要 / 值得”），后接 doing，等同于 “to be done” 2. 固定结构：be worth doing（表 “某事值得被做”），仅用主动形式，不可用被动形式（being done） 1. 主语为 “物”，需体现 “被处理、被评价” 的语义 2. 不可用被动式，避免语义重复或语法错误 1. The room needs cleaning = The room needs to be cleaned（房间需要被打扫） 2. His suggestion is worth considering（他的建议值得被考虑，不可说 is worth being considered） 注意事项： 1. 完成式的使用限制：仅当动名词动作 “明确先于主句动作” 时才用完成式，若无先后顺序，需用一般式（错误：He enjoys having read novels；正确：He enjoys reading novels——“喜欢读小说” 无先后，用一般式）； 2. 主动表被动的动词范围：仅 want/need/require/deserve/be worth 适用，其他动词不可随意套用（错误：The book wants reading；正确：The book is worth reading——“want reading” 虽语法成立，但日常表达中更常用 “be worth reading”，语义更自然）； 3. be worth 的主语限制：主语需是 “事或物”，不可是人，若需表达 “人值得被表扬”，需转换主语（错误：He is worth praising；正确：His behavior is worth praising）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The singer was praised for __________ (donate) a large amount of money to help the poor children in remote areas last year. 【答案】having donated 【解析】考查动名词完成式（主动表动作先于主句）。句意：这位歌手因去年捐赠大笔资金帮助偏远地区的贫困儿童而受到表扬。“捐赠” 动作先于 “被表扬”，需用动名词完成式 “having done”，故填 having donated。 2. The problem __________ (discuss) at yesterday’s meeting is still under further research by the company’s R&D department. 【答案】being discussed 【解析】考查动名词被动式（表被动且同时发生）。句意：昨天会议上正在讨论的问题，公司研发部门仍在进一步研究。“being discussed” 表 “正在被讨论”，体现被动与动作同时性，修饰 “problem”，故填 being discussed。 3. This old building needs __________ (repair) as soon as possible, as some parts of the walls have started to fall off. 【答案】repairing 【解析】考查动名词主动形式表被动（need doing 结构）。句意：这座老建筑需要尽快修缮，因为部分墙体已经开始脱落。“need doing” 为固定结构，主动形式表被动意义，故填 repairing。 4. His proposal is worth __________ (consider) because it can effectively reduce the company’s operating costs without affecting product quality. 【答案】considering 【解析】考查动名词主动形式表被动（be worth doing 句型）。句意：他的提议值得考虑，因为它能在不影响产品质量的情况下有效降低公司运营成本。“be worth doing” 为固定结构，动名词主动表被动，故填 considering。 5. They apologized for __________ (not inform) us of the change in the meeting time earlier, which caused us a lot of trouble. 【答案】not informing 【解析】考查动名词否定式（not + doing 作宾语）。句意：他们为没提前通知我们会议时间变更而道歉，这给我们带来了很多麻烦。动名词否定式为 “not + doing”，此处作 “apologized for” 的宾语，故填 not informing。 四、动名词复合结构表 此表格梳理动名词复合结构的 “标准形式” 与 “省略形式”，明确两种形式的结构规则、适用场景及语义功能，可用于写作中表达 “某人做某事” 的抽象概念，也能辅助理解长难句中 “所属关系” 的动名词结构，是提升句式复杂度的重要语法点。 类型 结构规则 适用场景 示例 标准形式 1. 名词所有格 + doing（如 Jane’s doing，表 “简的某动作”） 2. 形容词物主代词 + doing（如 her doing，表 “她的某动作”） 作主语、表语或宾语，正式语境（如书面语、学术写作）常用，强调 “动作的所属关系”，语义更严谨 1. Jane’s coming to the party made us happy（作主语，强调 “简的到来”） 2. The problem is her not taking the risk seriously（作表语，强调 “她的不重视”） 3. I really appreciate your helping me with the project（作宾语，强调 “你的帮助”） 省略形式 1. 名词普通格 + doing（如 Jane doing，省略所有格 “’s”） 2. 人称代词宾格 + doing（如 me doing，用宾格替代形容词物主代词） 作表语或宾语，非正式语境（如口语、日常写作）常用，可简化表达，避免结构复杂 1. He doesn’t mind me using his computer（作宾语，口语中常用 “me using” 替代 “my using”） 2. The funny part is Tom falling off the bike（作表语，用 “Tom falling” 替代 “Tom’s falling”，更简洁） 注意事项： 1. 标准形式的主语优先：当复合结构作主语时，需用标准形式（名词所有格 / 形容词物主代词 + doing），不可用省略形式（错误：Jane doing made us happy；正确：Jane’s doing made us happy）； 2. 省略形式的场景限制：仅作表语或宾语时可用省略形式，作主语时不可用，避免语法错误； 3. 名词所有格的特殊情况：若名词为复数（如 “the students”）或集合名词（如 “the team”），所有格仍用 “’s”（the students’ doing/the team’s doing），不可直接用普通格（错误：the students doing；正确：the students’ doing）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Tom’s __________ (arrive) late for the important meeting made the manager very angry with him. 【答案】arriving 【解析】考查动名词复合结构（名词所有格 + doing 作主语）。句意：汤姆重要会议迟到，这让经理对他很生气。复合结构作主语需用 “名词所有格 + doing” 标准形式，表 “汤姆的迟到”，故填 Tom’s arriving。 2. I really appreciate your __________ (help) me prepare for the job interview, as your suggestions were very useful. 【答案】helping 【解析】考查动名词复合结构（形容词物主代词 + doing 作宾语）。句意：非常感谢你帮我准备求职面试，你的建议很有用。作宾语时用 “形容词物主代词 + doing” 标准形式，表 “你的帮助”，故填 your helping。 3. The problem is Mary’s __________ (not finish) her work on time, which has delayed the entire project’s progress. 【答案】not finishing 【解析】考查动名词复合结构（名词所有格 + not doing 作表语）。句意：问题在于玛丽没按时完成工作，这拖延了整个项目的进度。作表语需用 “名词所有格 + not doing” 标准形式，表 “玛丽未完成”，故填 Mary’s not finishing。 4. The teacher didn’t mind the students’ __________ (ask) questions during the lecture, as long as they raised their hands first. 【答案】asking 【解析】考查动名词复合结构（名词所有格 + doing 作宾语）。句意：老师不介意学生在讲座期间提问，只要他们先举手。“mind” 后接复合结构作宾语，用 “名词所有格 + doing”，表 “学生们的提问”，故填 the students’ asking。 5. Our __________ (complete) the task ahead of schedule surprised our boss, who originally thought we would need two more weeks. 【答案】completing 【解析】考查动名词复合结构（形容词物主代词 + doing 作主语）。句意：我们提前完成任务让老板很惊讶，他原本以为我们还需要两周时间。复合结构作主语需用 “形容词物主代词 + doing”，表 “我们的完成”，故填 Our completing。 一、单句语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·江苏南京·一模）Now the forestry authority has set up fixed water and hay-feeding points in the reserve to prevent the wild asses (starve). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】starving 【详解】考查动名词。句意：现在林业部门在保护区设立了固定的饮水点和补饲点，以防止野驴挨饿。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语prevent...from doing sth.，意为“阻止……做某事”，其中from可以省略。句中“prevent the wild asses”后需接动名词形式，starve的动名词为“starving”。故填starving。 2．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）On their return, the father asked his son (explain) what he had learnt. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to explain 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们一回来，父亲就要求他的儿子解释他学到了什么。ask sb. to do sth.“请某人做某事”，用不定式作宾语补足语，故填to explain。 3．（2022·广东深圳·模拟预测） (equip) with a higher educational background increases your chance of having a promising career in the future.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Being equipped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：拥有更高的教育背景会增加你在未来前途无量的机会。be equipped with为固定搭配，意为“为……做准备”，空格处在句中充当主语需用动名词形式。故填Being equipped。 4．（2025高三上·江苏·专题练习）It took him a while to adjust to (work) night shifts. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】working 【详解】考查动名词。句意：他花了一段时间才适应上夜班。adjust to doing sth.，表示适应做某事，work用动名词形式作宾语。故填working。 5．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）I believed that motorcycle riders were tough and leather-wearing loners. They seemed (look) for trouble all the time, using the roar of a motorcycle engine to frighten others off. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be looking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我相信骑摩托车的人都是坚强的，是穿皮衣的独行者。他们好像一直在找麻烦，用摩托车引擎的轰鸣声把别人吓走。seem后接动词不定式to look，且此处强调动词不定式动作一直持续反复进行，所以用动词不定式的进行形式，故填to be looking。 6．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）I am looking forward to (receive) your letter. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】receiving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我期待收到你的来信。短语look forward to“期待”中to为介词，后面跟动名词作宾语。故填receiving。 7．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）At the 2016 Oscar ceremony, DiCaprio’s (win) the award for Best Actor impressed all the audience present. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】winning 【详解】考查动名词。句意：在2016年奥斯卡颁奖典礼上，迪卡普里奥获得最佳男主角奖，所有在场的观众都印象深刻。结合句意及空前的DiCaprio’s可知,空处应填动名词的形式，此处为动名词的复合结构，作主语。故填winning。 8．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Many people find that emotions can stimulate them to eat when they are not hungry, which often leads to (eat) too many calories from foods that have low nutritional value. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】eating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多人发现情绪会刺激他们在不饿的时候吃东西，这往往会导致他们从营养价值低的食物中摄入太多卡路里。固定搭配lead to“导致”，to是介词，后接动名词。故填eating。 9．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）It’s the same today.  If students have the right resources (explore) ideas for themselves, many people can “teach” – including carers and parents during a pandemic (流行病). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to explore 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：今天是一样的。如果学生们有合适的资源来探索自己的想法，许多人可以进行“教学”的工作——包括在大流行期间的护理人员和家长。根据句意可知，空格处应用动词不定式作后置定语修饰前面名词。故填to explore。 10．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being forced 【详解】考查动名词。句意：当然，在家进行循环利用是非常重要的。然而，被迫回收利用通常意味着我们已经有了比我们需要的更多的材料。分析可知，设空处为主语，应用动名词形式，根据上下文意思可知是被迫的意思，所以用动名词的被动结构，故填being forced。 11．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）Picking a great gift requires (know) the person you’re giving it to. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】knowing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：挑选一份好礼物是需要了解你将要送礼物的人。固定搭配require doing sth.“需要做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填knowing。 12．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Learning does not only happen when someone older puts information into the learner’s mind. Think about how often children and even adults learn from trial and error, from learning to ride a bike to (use) a new technology. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】using 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学习不仅仅发生在年长的人把信息放进学习者的脑海里。想想看，从学习骑自行车到使用一项新技术，孩子甚至成年人有多少次是从试错中学习的。from…to…意为“从……到……”，to为介词，后面应接动名词using作宾语，故填using。 13．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）There are some ways to untie the mess we’re creating in the world’s oceans, including (expand) our idea of seafood to include jellyfish. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】expanding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有一些方法可以解开我们在世界海洋中制造的混乱，包括扩大我们对海产品的认识，包括水母。including“包括……在内”为介词，介词要接名词或动名词作宾语，所以应填expand的动名词。故填expanding。 14．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Now, we’re one step closer to (find) an answer. According to the Kepler space telescope, about half the stars similar in temperature to our Sun could have a rocky planet capable of supporting liquid water on its surface. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】finding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，我们离找到答案又近了一步。根据开普勒太空望远镜的观测，与我们太阳温度相当的恒星中，大约有一半的恒星表面可能存在一颗能够支持液态水的岩石行星。空格前的to是介词，后面应用动名词形式。故填finding。 15．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）On the back of a motorcycle, (place) all your trust in someone to get you safely home is a way to remind you of the love they have for you. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】placing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：坐在摩托车后座，把信任给安全带你回家的人，这是一种提醒你他们爱你的方式。此处缺少主语，应用动名词做主语，故填placing。 Passage 1 （2024·广东江苏·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 1 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 3 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 4 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6 first time. These plants included modern Western 7 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 8 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 9 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10 (rich) of gardening in England. 【答案】 1. engineering 2. functional 3. to give 4. closed 5. walks 6. the 7. favorites 8. as 9. which/that 10. richness 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。 1. 考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 2. 考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些萼片在温暖日子里开放，为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to give。 4. 考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。 5. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 6. 考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。 7. 考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。 8. 考查介词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：Glasshouse是当代设计中的一项伟大成就，它将中国西南部的植物安置在丝绸之路的尽头，丝绸之路将植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到这里，定义了英国丰富的园艺。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Silk Route，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 10. 考查名词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。冠词修饰名词，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 【点睛】 Passage 2 （2023·上海·高考真题）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. 1 , patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether doctors’ apparent 2 when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology answers are 3 black or white. Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients’ expectations haven’t 4 , either. “Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about 5 uncertainty, not about creating certainty. ” Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be 6 working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose an ailment (小恙), he tells them to 7 their inquiry ---- come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best 8 and what the outcomes will be in the long run.” Technology has helped 9 the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more 10 diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a/an 11 and an opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a/an 12 level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease. ” On the other hand, computers can’t 13 a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also 14 quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, 15 , is decide how to break the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer. 【答案】 1. As a result 2. certainty 3. rarely 4. adjusted 5. limiting 6. accustomed to 7. broaden 8. cure 9. redefine 10. accurate 11. challenge 12. maximal 13. communicate 14. calculate 15. however 【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了医生在与患者沟通时表现出的确定性是否利大于弊，特别是在医学和技术进步带来的信息过载背景下，医生如何处理不确定性和患者的期望。 1. 考查介词短语。句意：因此，病人期望他们的医生给他们一个明确的诊断和一个简单的治疗过程。空处修饰空后整个句子，应填副词或者介词短语作状语，根据句意，“Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty.”和“patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment.”是因果关系，用介词短语as a result意为“因此”符合语境，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填As a result。 2. 考查名词。句意：但现在，只要点击几下鼠标，就能了解到所有可以想象到的疾病信息，专家们开始质疑，医生在与病人交流时表面上的确定性，实际上是否弊大于利。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作主语，根据句意，应是certainty意为“确定性”符合语境。故填certainty。 3. 考查副词。句意：随着医学和技术进步带来的信息超载，答案很少是非黑即白的。本句结构完整，所以空处可用填副词修饰空前的动词，根据句意，应是rarely意为“很少地”符合语境。故填rarely。 4. 考查动词。句意：医学院才刚刚开始教医生如何处理这种情况，病人的期望也没有调整。本句缺少谓语，所以空处应填动词，根据句意，应是adjust意为“调整”符合语境，根据空前的haven’t可知，本句用现在完成时，空处应填过去分词形式。故填adjusted。 5. 考查动词。句意：如果你思考知识和它的作用，你会发现它是关于限制不确定性，而不是创造确定性。分析句子结构可知，空处和后文的“creating”并列，应填动词的动名词形式，根据句意，应是limiting意为“限制”符合语境。故填limiting。 6. 考查形容词短语。句意：接受培训的医生，就像赌徒一样，需要习惯于在一个不断权衡各种因素的领域中工作。空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，根据句意，应是形容词短语accustomed to意为“习惯于”符合语境。故填accustomed to。 7. 考查动词。句意：当厄普舒尔教授医学生如何诊断疾病时，他告诉他们要扩大他们的调查范围——提出一系列的可能性，而不是很快地锁定在一个单一的解决方案上。空前的to是不定式的标志，所以空处应填动词原形，根据句意，应是broaden意为“扩大”符合语境。故填broaden。 8. 考查名词。句意：即使你做出了你认为是确定的诊断，你通常也不确定什么是最好的治疗方法，以及从长远来看会有什么结果。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作表语，根据句意，应是cure意为“疗法”符合语境。故填cure。 9. 考查动词。句意：科技帮助重新定义了对确定性的追求。此处是固定搭配：help do sth.意为“帮助做某事”，所以空处应填动词原形，根据句意，应是redefine意为“重新定义”符合语境。故填redefine。 10. 考查形容词。句意：我们正在达到这样一个阶段，我们可以把症状列表输入电脑，得到比医生更准确的诊断。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是accurate意为“精确的”符合语境。故填accurate。 11. 考查名词。句意：哈佛医学院（Harvard Medical School）的医学教授理查德·施瓦茨斯坦（Richard Schwartzstein）博士认为，这些发展既是挑战，也是机遇。空前是不定冠词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据句意，应是challenge意为“挑战”符合语境。故填challenge。 12. 考查形容词。句意：他说，一方面，“技术试图将你推向确定性的最高水平。做这个测试可以获得99%的确定性，你患有这种疾病。”空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，根据句意，应是maximal意为“最大的”符合语境。故填maximal。 13. 考查动词。句意：另一方面，计算机不能以一种安慰的方式向病人传达诊断或治疗。空前是情态动词，所以空处应填动词原形，根据句意，应是communicate意为“交流”符合语境。故填communicate。 14. 考查动词。句意：它还可以根据结节的大小和形状相当精确地计算出患癌症的风险。空前是情态动词，所以空处应填动词原形，根据句意，应是calculate意为“计算”符合语境。故填calculate。 15. 考查副词。句意：然而，它不能做的是决定如何告诉你，你的肺里有一个结节，有1%的可能性变成癌症。空处修饰整个句子，应填副词，根据句意，前后文为转折关系，用however修饰。故填however。 Passage 3 （2025·黑龙江大庆·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Near the village of Hengkeng in China’s Zhejiang province, there’s a bamboo forest with an open-air theatre, also made of bamboo. The incredible thing, however, is 1 no bamboo was actually cut to build the theater. Instead, living bamboo trees 2 (bend) and roped until they formed a dome (穹顶) with a circular opening at the top. The so-called Bamboo Theater was designed by Xu Tiantian of DnA Design and Architecture to provide a space 3 cultural activities for the local community. Together with seven other 4 (project) from across China, it’s been highlighted in an exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York that seeks 5 (change) people’s understanding of the country’s approach to contemporary architecture. Titled “Reuse, Renew, Recycle: Recent Architecture from China”, the exhibition presents a new generation of Chinese architects who are promoting 6 (society) and environmental sustainability by transforming industrial buildings, 7 (recycle) materials, and reinterpreting ancient building techniques. Nowadays, the meaning of sustainability is often defined by a large number of standards 8 certifications rather than the lived, spatial experience. But the exhibition introduces a more delicate definition 9 (inspire) by the use of traditional materials and a stronger 10 (connect) between architecture and nature. “We want to redirect the global conversation to ecological approaches to architecture,” says Martino Stierli, who organized the exhibition along with Evangelos Kotsioris. 【答案】 1. that 2. were bent 3. for 4. projects 5. to change 6. social/societal 7. recycling 8. and/or 9. inspired 10. connection 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国浙江省横坑村附近的竹林露天剧院的建造特点，以及该剧院与其他七个中国建筑项目一同在纽约现代艺术博物馆展出的相关情况，展现了新一代中国建筑师在建筑可持续性方面的探索。 1. 考查表语从句。句意：然而，令人不可思议的是，建造这座剧院实际上没有砍伐任何竹子。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的为表语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，应用从属连词that来引导。故填that。 2. 考查时态和语态。句意：相反，人们将活着的竹子弯曲并捆扎起来，直到它们形成顶部带有圆形开口的穹顶。根据语意可知，主语living bamboo trees与谓语动词bend之间是被动关系，即竹子被弯曲，且根据后面的roped可知，动作发生在过去，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语trees为复数，be动词应用were。故填were bent。 3. 考查介词。句意：这座所谓的竹剧院由DnA建筑设计事务所的徐甜甜设计，旨在为当地社区提供一个开展文化活动的空间。provide sth. for sth./sb.为固定搭配，意为“为……提供某物”，介词for表示“为了”。故填for。 4. 考查名词复数。句意：它与来自中国各地的另外七个项目一起，在纽约现代艺术博物馆的一场展览中被重点展示，该展览旨在改变人们对中国当代建筑理念的理解。根据空前的seven other可知，此处应用可数名词project的复数形式。故填projects。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。seek to do sth.为固定用法，意为“试图做某事；努力做某事”，所以此处应用动词change的不定式形式作宾语。故填to change。 6. 考查形容词。句意：这场名为“再利用、更新、回收：中国近期建筑”的展览，展示了新一代中国建筑师通过改造工业建筑、回收材料和重新诠释古老建筑技术，来促进社会和环境的可持续发展。此处与environmental并列，修饰名词sustainability，应用society的形容词形式social/societal作定语，意为“社会的”。故填social/societal。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子可知，“transforming industrial buildings”、“____7____ (recycle) materials”和“reinterpreting ancient building techniques”是三个并列的结构，均作介词by的宾语，形式需保持一致，均用动名词形式。故填recycling。 8. 考查连词。句意：如今，可持续性的含义通常由大量标准和（或）认证来定义，而非实际的空间体验。此处“standards”与“certifications”为并列关系（表 “和”）或选择关系（表 “或”），用连词and或or均可。故填and/or。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：但该展览引入了一个更精妙的定义，这个定义源于传统材料的使用以及建筑与自然之间更紧密的联系。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词introduces，所以此处应用inspire的非谓语动词形式，因其与被修饰的名词definition之间是被动关系，即定义被启发，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填inspired。 10. 考查名词。句意：同上。根据空前的不定冠词a和形容词比较级stronger可知，此处应用connect的名词单数形式connection，意为“联系”。故填connection。 Passage 4 （2025·上海杨浦·模拟预测）Directions: After reading the passage below: fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. On September 3, 2025, China will hold a grand military parade in Beijing to observe the 80th anniversary of the victory in the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. Under the theme “Commemorating the Great Victory, Upholding Peace and Development,” the event aims to honor historical memory, pay tribute to national heroes, cherish the value of peace, and inspire generations 1 (come). 2 (last) approximately 70 minutes, the parade will consist of 45 formations, 3 include an aerial flag guard, marching infantry units (步兵部队), honor guards carrying historic battle flags, mechanized columns, and aerial flyovers. Notably, the equipment part 4 (showcase) a range of China’s domestically developed main battle systems currently in active service, reflecting the remarkable progress 5 (achieve) in national defense technology. The display will feature new-generation armored (装甲) vehicles, advanced aircraft, and state-of-the-art unmanned systems, underlining the country’s dedication to 6 (modernize) its armed forces. A highlight will be the performance 7 the joint military band. Comprising 14 rows symbolizing the 14 years of resistance and 80 trumpet players representing the 80th anniversary, the band will perform iconic wartime melodies, evoking a profound sense of historical continuity and national spirit. This parade is not merely a display of military strength 8 a solemn commitment to upholding peace and learning from history. 9 officials have emphasized, it will not only highlight China’s advancements in defense technology but also reaffirm 10 unwavering commitment to contributing to global peace and stability. The attendance of international guests and war veterans will further highlight the worldwide importance of this historic occasion. 【答案】 1. to come 2. Lasting 3. which 4. will showcase 5. achieved 6. modernizing 7. by 8. but 9. As 10. its 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。2025年9月3日中国将在北京举行阅兵，纪念抗战暨反法西斯战争胜利80周年，含45个方阵，展国产装备，有军乐表演，彰显和平承诺与国防进步，邀国际嘉宾等。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：本次活动以“纪念伟大胜利、维护和平与发展”为主题，旨在铭记历史、缅怀英雄、珍视和平的价值，并激励后人不断前行。固定短语inspire sb. to do sth.表示“激励某人做某事”。故填to come。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这场游行将持续约70分钟，将包含45个方阵，其中包括空中旗帜护卫队、行进步兵部队、手持历史战役旗帜的荣誉卫队、机械化方阵以及空中飞越表演。此处last与parade构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语，首字母大写。故填Lasting。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：这场游行将持续约70分钟，将包含45个方阵，其中包括空中旗帜护卫队、行进步兵部队、手持历史战役旗帜的荣誉卫队、机械化方阵以及空中飞越表演。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是45 formations，指物，关系词在从句作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4. 考查动词时态。句意：值得注意的是，此次装备展示部分将展出一系列中国自主研发的现役主战装备，这充分体现了我国国防技术所取得的巨大进步。此处描述阅兵中“装备部分将展示装备”的未来动作，应用一般将来时。故填will showcase。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：值得注意的是，此次装备展示部分将展出一系列中国自主研发的现役主战装备，这充分体现了我国国防技术所取得的巨大进步。此处achieve与progress构成被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填achieved。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：此次展览将展示新一代装甲车辆、先进飞机以及最先进的无人系统，这充分体现了该国致力于现代化武装力量建设的决心。固定搭配dedication to doing sth.表示“致力于做某事”，to为介词，后接动名词，作宾语。故填modernizing。 7. 考查介词。句意：一个亮点将是联合军方团队的表演。performance by sb.意为“由某人进行的表演”，by引出动作执行者the joint military band。故填by。 8. 考查固定句型。句意：此次阅兵不仅是军事力量的展示，也是维护和平、以史为鉴的庄严承诺。not merely...but...为固定句型，意为“不仅…… 而且……”，故填but。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：正如官员们所强调的那样，这不仅将彰显中国在国防技术方面的进步，还将再次表明中国坚定不移地致力于为全球和平与稳定作出贡献。此处为非限制性定语从句，as引导从句时可指代整个主句内容，且可置于句首，意为“正如官员们所强调的”，符合“引用观点”的语境，首字母大写。故填As。 10. 考查代词。句意：正如官员们所强调的那样，这不仅将彰显中国在国防技术方面的进步，还将再次表明中国坚定不移地致力于为全球和平与稳定作出贡献。此处指代“中国的坚定承诺”，commitment为名词，需用形容词性物主代词修饰，应用its指代 China，表示“中国对促进全球和平稳定的坚定承诺”。故填its。 Passage 5 （2025·福建福州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A new sand-yellow cave theater built on the edge of the Gobi Desert in Dunhuang City is bringing the relics 1 life. The new performance 2 (stage) at the theater, Ancient Sounds of Dunhuang, draws inspiration from the Mogao Grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The dance, musical instruments, and even melodies (旋律) the show 3 (present) all come from the murals (壁画). “The audience can hear the timbre of the Indian pipa and the Persian konghou 4 enjoy the elegant dance performance, a perfect showcase of 5 Chinese and Western art mixed in Dunhuang in ancient times,” said Zhang Hua, the director. Cultural 6 (diverse) is Dunhuang’s name card. This cultural exchange, rooted in its history as a key Silk Road site, has not only shaped Dunhuang’s past but also guided its approach to preserving and 7 (share) with the world the timeless heritage, inspiring innovations that bridge 8 (glory) traditions with modern technology. Since the 1980s, authorities in Dunhuang 9 (begin) international cooperation in the protection of cultural relics. 10 (protect) cultural relics digitally, Dunhuang Academy has borrowed advanced foreign technology, established a set of digitization procedures and become a leader in the field of cultural relics protection in China. 【答案】 1. to 2. staged 3. presents 4. and 5. how 6. diversity 7. sharing 8. glorious 9. have begun 10. To protect 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述敦煌戈壁边缘的洞窟式剧场借《乐动敦煌》活化文物，敦煌依托丝路文化多样性，以国际合作和数字化护遗产、促创新。 1. 考查介词。句意：敦煌市戈壁沙漠边缘新建的一座沙黄色洞窟式剧场，正让文物焕发生机。这里考查“bring...to life”，为固定搭配，意为“使……焕发生机”，应用介词to。故填to。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在该剧场上演的新节目《乐动敦煌》，灵感源自联合国教科文组织世界遗产——莫高窟。此空考查非谓语，动词stage与名词The new performance之间为动宾关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填staged。 3. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：演出呈现的舞蹈、乐器乃至旋律，均源自壁画。“the show ________ (present)”为省略关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词“melodies (旋律)”，此空在从句中作谓语动词，主语the show与present为主动关系，句子描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语为单数，谓语动词present用第三人称单数形式。故填presents。 4. 考查连词。句意：导演张华表示：“观众能听到印度琵琶与波斯箜篌的音色，还能欣赏优雅的舞蹈表演，完美展现了古代敦煌中西艺术的交融。”分析句子结构可知，“hear the timbre...”与“enjoy the elegant dance performance”为并列关系，应用and连接。故填and。 5. 考查连接词。句意：观众可以聆听印度琵琶和波斯箜篌的音色，欣赏优雅的舞蹈表演，这完美展现了古代敦煌的中西方艺术是如何交融的。分析句子结构可知，此空引导宾语从句，表达“如何”，在句中作方式状语，用连接副词how引导。故填how。 6. 考查名词。句意：文化多样性是敦煌的名片。所填空作主语，diverse的名词形式为diversity，表“多样性”，为不可数名词。故填diversity。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种文化交流植根于其作为丝绸之路重要节点的历史，不仅塑造了敦煌的过去，也指导着它保护遗产、向世界分享这份永恒遗产的方式，催生了连接辉煌传统与现代科技的创新。空前preserving与所填空为并列关系，均作介词of的宾语，应用share的动名词形式sharing。故填sharing。 8. 考查形容词。句意：这种文化交流植根于其作为丝绸之路重要节点的历史，不仅塑造了敦煌的过去，也指导着它保护遗产、向世界分享这份永恒遗产的方式，催生了连接辉煌传统与现代科技的创新。所填空修饰名词traditions，glory的形容词形式为glorious，表“辉煌的”，符合语境。故填glorious。 9. 考查时态。句意：自20世纪80年代以来，敦煌有关部门就开始了文物保护方面的国际合作。此空考查谓语动词，主语authorities in Dunhuang与begin为主动关系，根据Since the 1980s可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语authorities为复数，助动词用have。故填have begun。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了实现文物数字化保护，敦煌研究院借鉴国外先进技术，制定了一套数字化流程，成为中国文物保护领域的领军者。所填空应是非谓语作目的状语，表“为了保护”，应用动词不定式to protect，且句首首字母应大写。故填To protect。 12 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $