专题1 阅读理解 题组3 生态环保类-【区块练】2021-2025年五年高考真题分类汇编英语

生态环保类 　 Passage 1 (2025·全国一卷) The greening of planes，trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放).As the world races to decarbonize everything，it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy­related greenhouse gas emissions.Here's the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. The fuels for transport need to be not just green，cheap and powerful，but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around.Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs.Much is still to be settled，but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. This energy transition (变革) is global，and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind­blowing”， says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.It's estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050.Fortunately，analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task.“We need to speed up the development of green energy，and it will all get used，” says Wipke. 1.What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A.11.6%. B.45.1%. C.74.5%. D.86.1%. 2.Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A.Planes. B.Trucks. C.Trains. D.Ships. 3.What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A.Limiting fuel consumption. B.Putting more effort into renewables. C.Improving energy efficiency. D.Making electricity more affordable. Passage 2 (2025·全国二卷) Does your soul die a little every time you throw away unused food? Mine does.Maybe that feeling comes from growing up in South Africa，where the phrase “there are children starving in Africa” was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time. Food waste is a growing concern in the restaurant，supermarket，and supply chain industries.From technological solutions to educational campaigns，food producers and sellers are looking for ways to use more of what we're already growing.But last month，one popular New York City restaurant tried a different way：It changed its menu to exclusively (专门) offer food that would otherwise be thrown away. For two weeks in March，Greenwich Village's Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED，and served items like fried skate cartilage，a juice pulp burger，and a dumpster diver's vegetable salad.Each dish was tailor­made to raise awareness regarding food waste. A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1，000 in revenue(收入)，and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled.Up to 84.3% is simply thrown out.Restaurants like Silo in the UK have experimented with zero­waste systems，but wastED took the concept to its logical conclusion. It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage.Instead，all the ingredients(配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving.Things like kale ribs，fish collars，rejected sweet potatoes，and cucumber butts were all re­appropriated and，with the help of a number of good chefs，turned into excellent cuisine. Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews，it was designed from the start as a short­lived experiment；Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu.Nevertheless，it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability，and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything. 1.What can be inferred about the author's early life? A.He witnessed food shortage. B.He enjoyed the local cuisine. C.He donated food to Africans. D.He helped to cook at home. 2.Why did Blue Hill carry out the experiment? A.To customize dishes for guests. B.To make the public aware of food waste. C.To test a food processing method. D.To improve the UK's zero­waste systems. 3.What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A.Why the ingredients were used. B.Which dishes were best liked. C.What the dishes were made of. D.Where the ingredients were bought. 4.What can we learn about wastED? A.It has ended as planned. B.It is creating new jobs. C.It has regained popularity. D.It is criticized by top chefs. Passage 3 (2025·浙江卷1月) A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide.Referred to as matrix planting，this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden，and even some of the designing.Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools，it's based on an elegantly simple principle：to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War Ⅱ in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化).In a matrix garden，plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground，forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf's gardens popularized this style，adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form，including four­season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.Beautiful year­round，they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail，from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd­looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural.While matrix gardens appear wild，they are carefully planned，with cultural needs the first consideration.Led by the concept of “right plant，right place”， they match plants that enjoy the same soil，sun and weather conditions，and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both the gardener and planet.With human inputs dramatically reduced，the garden's ecology can develop well.Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens：fertilizer，dividing，regular watering.Compared to traditional garden plots，they increase carbon absorption，reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 1.What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A.Running out of. B.Keeping away from. C.Putting up with. D.Taking advantage of. 2.Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A.To control weeds in large gardens. B.To bring in foreign species of plants. C.To conserve soil and water resources. D.To develop low­maintenance parkland. 3.Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf's gardens? A.Traditional. B.Odd­looking. C.Tasteful. D.Well­protected. 4.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A.The future of gardening is WILD B.Nature treats all lives as EQUALS C.Matrix gardens need more CARE D.Old garden plots work WONDERS Passage 4 (2024·浙江卷1月) On September 7，1991，the costliest hailstorm(雹暴)in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs.As a result，since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east­central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture(水分)is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding. Norman Stienwand，who farms in that area，has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically，the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary­Edmonton urban area from hail，”Mr.Stienwand says，“but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.” The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss，a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo，North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air，so we cannot be causing drought，”Dr.Krauss says.“In fact，we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.” One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell，a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999，I personally saw significant tornadoes(龙卷风)form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，”Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind？No one really knows，of course，but the seeding goes on.” Given the degree of doubt，Mr.Stienwand suggests，“it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.”In practice，doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts，no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud­seeding companies.Hence，private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety. 1.What does the project aim to do? A.Conserve moisture in the soil. B.Prevent the formation of hailstones. C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D.Investigate chemical use in farming. 2.Who are opposed to the project? A.Farmers in east­central Alberta. B.Managers of insurance companies. C.Provincial government officials. D.Residents of Calgary and Edmonton. 3.Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999? A.To compare different kinds of seeding methods. B.To illustrate the development of big hailstorms. C.To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding. D.To show the link between storms and moisture. 4.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right. B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada. C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared. D.Cloud­seeding companies will continue to exist. Passage 5 (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Turning soil，pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low­income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new. Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands­on experiments such as soil testing, flower­and­seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools. Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently，” Jaramillo says. She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside，” she says, “and they feel successful.” 1.What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A.She used to be a health worker. B.She grew up in a low­income family. C.She owns a fast food restaurant. D.She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 2.What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program? A.The kids' parents distrusted her. B.Students had little time for her classes. C.Some kids disliked garden work. D.There was no space for school gardens. 3.Which of the following best describes the impact of the program? A.Far­reaching. B.Predictable. C.Short­lived. D.Unidentifiable. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Rescuing School Gardens B.Experiencing Country Life C.Growing Vegetable Lovers D.Changing Local Landscape Passage 6 (2023·全国甲卷) Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams.Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. “Grizzly bears are re­occupying large areas of their former range，” says bear biologist Chris Servheen.As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans. The western half of the U.S.was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50，000 or more living alongside Native Americans.By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies.In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. Today, there are about 2，000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de­list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.For now, grizzlies remain listed. Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren't taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food.If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble.Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away.“Our hope is to have a clean, attractant­free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits，” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 1.How do Americans look at grizzlies? A.They cause mixed feelings in people. B.They should be kept in national parks. C.They are of high scientific value. D.They are a symbol of American culture. 2.What has helped the increase of the grizzly population? A.The European settlers' behavior. B.The expansion of bears' range. C.The protection by law since 1975. D.The support of Native Americans. 3.What has stopped the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service from de­listing grizzlies? A.The opposition of conservation groups. B.The successful comeback of grizzlies. C.The voice of the biologists. D.The local farmers' advocates. 4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A.Food should be provided for grizzlies. B.People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C.A special path should be built for grizzlies. D.Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. Passage 7 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad. rounding out a roast chicken dinner.But I ended up working late.Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much；I could have made six salads with what I threw out. In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry，“food waste goes against the moral grain，”as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw­dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away－from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans. Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.” If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time－but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington，D.C.，which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road. Such methods seem obvious，yet so often we just don't think.“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste，whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat.” Curtin says. 1.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story? A.We pay little attention to food waste. B.We waste food unintentionally at times. C.We waste more vegetables than meat. D.We have good reasons for wasting food. 2.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text? A.Moral decline. B.Environmental harm. C.Energy shortage. D.Worldwide starvation. 3.What does Curtin's company do? A.It produces kitchen equipment. B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel. C.It helps local farmers grow fruits. D.It makes meals out of unwanted food. 4.What does Curtin suggest people do? A.Buy only what is needed. B.Reduce food consumption. C.Go shopping once a week. D.Eat in restaurants less often. Passage 8 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsman.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever­increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地). In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival.Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp.The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N.“Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources. About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come.Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated. 1.What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America? A.Loss of wetlands. B.Popularity of water sports. C.Pollution of rivers. D.Arrival of other wild animals. 2.What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph? A.Acquire. B.Export. C.Destroy. D.Distribute. 3.What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934? A.The stamp price has gone down. B.The migratory birds have flown away. C.The hunters have stopped hunting. D.The government has collected money. 4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A.The Federal Duck Stamp Story B.The National Wildlife Refuge System C.The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D.The History of Migratory Bird Hunting ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $色学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.zxxk.com 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 题组三生态环保类 Passage 1 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要围绕全球交通领域的碳排放及绿色转型展开，说明不 同交通方式有特定燃料需求，全球能源转型中可再生能源需求巨大。 1.C数据分析题。根据文中第一张图中的相关数据“ROAD(PASSENGER)45.1%'和ROAD (GOODS)29.4%”可知，公路车辆在全球交通排放中的总占比为45.1%十29.4%=74.5%。故选C。 2.C细节理解题。根据文中第二张图中“TRAINS-Electricity”部分的描述可知，火车使用电 能作为能源，一些火车已经实现了电气化，其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电气化。相对图中 描述的飞机、卡车和轮船的燃料转型，火车绿色转型更简单。故选C。 3.B细节理解题。根据文中最后一段Wipke的话“We need to speed up..used”可知，Wipke认为 需要加快绿色能源的发展，绿色能源将全部投入使用。B项“加大对可再生能源的投入”与文意相符。 故选B。 Passage 2 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了纽约的一家名为Blue Hill的餐厅为了提高人 们对食物浪费的意识，通过将食材边角料加工成美味佳肴，生动阐释了节约食物和物尽其用的可持续 发展理念，为解决可持续发展问题提供了一个参考。 l.A推理判断题。根据题千中的“the author's early life'”可以定位到第一段中的“growing up in South Africa”。根据第一段中的“the phrase‘there are children starving in Africa'was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time”可知，作者在南非长大，在那里“有非洲孩 子在挨饿”这句话与其说是在晚餐时的祷告，不如说是一种提醒，使人想起令人不安的事实。据此可 以推断，作者小时候亲眼见证过食物短缺。故选A。 2.B细节理解题。根据题千中的Blue Hill可以定位到第三段。根据第三段中的“Each dish was tailor--made to raise awareness regarding food waste”可知，Blue Hill进行这项实验的目的是提高人们关 于食物浪费的意识，故B项正确。 3.C段落主旨题。根据第五段中的“none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage'”可知，wastED菜单上的东西不是由废料制作的：再由下文中的“all the ingredients(配料)used were examples of meat cuts.turned into excellent cuisine”可知，使用的所有配料都是大多数餐厅决不 会考虑提供的肉块和农产品，这些食材经过重新利用并在一些优秀厨师的帮助下被转化为美味佳肴。 由此可知，本段主要讲述的是wastED菜单上的莱肴是由什么制成的。故选C。 4.A推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Though wast圯D received enthusiastic reviews,it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment:Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu." 知，尽管wastED收到了热情的评论，但这从一开始设计的就是一个短暂的实验，而Blue Hill在实验 结束后又回到了它的常规菜单。据此可以推断，wastED按原定计划实施完毕。故选A。 独家授权侵权必究 色学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.com○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 Passage 3 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。“矩阵式”种植方法是一种越来越受欢迎的新颖的园艺设计方 法，其目的是让大自然在花园中承担更多的艰巨工作，甚至是一些设计。该种植方法基于一个简单的 原则，即更加像大自然一样地种植花木。 l.B词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“it's based on an elegantly simple principle:to garden more like nature does”可知，“矩阵式”种植方法基于一个简单的原则，即更加像大自然一样地种植花木。结合 常识可知，自然种植不会用到化肥和电动工具，故画线词的意思与B项“远离”最为接近。run out of “用完，耗尽”；put up with“容忍，忍受”；take advantage of“利用”。故选B。 2.D细节理解题。根据第二段的“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War ll in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.”可知，“矩阵式”种植方法的概念诞生于德国二战后，当时的城市规划者试图使用一种 可复制的方式来开发大面积的公园用地，这种方法需要最少的维护。由此可知，推行“矩阵式”种植 方法是为了开发低维护成本的公园用地。A项“为了管理大型花园中的杂草”；B项“为了引进外 来植物”：C项“为了保护水土资源”。故选D。 3.C推理判断题。根据题千中的“Piet Oudolfs gardens'”可快速将答案定位到第三段。根据第三 "adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form.including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.Beautiful year--round”可知，Piet Oudolf的花园在 巧妙地利用色彩和表现形式的同时，在混合种植中增添了艺术气息，包括四季皆宜的观赏性，并满足 野生动物的需求，这些花园全年都很美丽，故C项tasteful“高雅的，雅致的，优美的”符合语境。 odd-looking“外表怪异的，奇形怪状的”：well-protected“受良好保护的”。故选C。 4A文章主旨题。本文第一段引入话题“矩阵式”种植方法，介绍该方法的目的和基本原则： 第二段介绍该方法的诞生及基本操作方式：第三段以Piet Oudolf的花园为例，讲述了采用该方法种 植的花园的特色；第四段讲这种花园是经过精心规划的；最后一段讲这样种植方法带来的生态好处。 由此可知，本文主要介绍了“矩阵式”种植方法。文章的第一段是本文的主旨段，“A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide.”表明“矩阵式”种植方法在全世界越 来越受欢迎，即这种方法是种植花木的未来；“it's based on an elegantly simple principle:to garden more like nature does”表明“矩阵式”种植方法的核心是倡导像大自然一样种植花木，即模仿自然设计园 林。故A项“园艺的未来是自然生长”最适合作本文的标题。B项“大自然平等对待所有生命”： C项“‘矩阵式’花园需要更多照看”：D项“老旧的花园地块剑造奇迹”。故选A。 Passage 4 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了加拿大艾伯塔地区的防雹干预计划，以及不同相关 方对该计划的不同态度。 l.B细节理解题。题千中的“the project'"”指的就是第一段中所提到的“Alberta Hail Suppression 独家授权权必究 色学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.com○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 Project'”,因此根据第一段中的“Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.”可知，飞机通过向有威胁性的风暴体 播撒一种化学物质，使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先变成雨落下。由此可知，这一计划旨在防止 冰雹的形成，A项“保存土壤水分”：C项“预报突难性雹暴”：D项“调查农业中化学品的使用”。 故选B。 2.A细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But farmers in east--central Alberta.worry that precious moisture(水分)is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.”可知，Alberta中东部的农民 担心人工降雨会带走他们干旱土地中的宝贵水分。由此可知，这些农民是反对这个计划的，故选A。 3.C写作目的题。根据第四段中的“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell'”可知，Doswell博士对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。接着他提到l999年亲眼看见的一个已 经被播撒了化学物质的风暴单体形成的重大龙卷风。随后他又提出疑问“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind?”,怀疑人工降雨会产生致命的风暴或是减少下风处的水 分。由此可推断出，D0swll博士提到他看到的1999年的龙卷风是为了表明人工降雨存在可能的风 险，A项“为了比较不同的播撒方式”：B项“为了说明大雹暴的形成”：C项“为了表明人工降雨 可能存在的风险”：D项“为了说明风暴和水分之间的关系”。故选C。 4.D推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Hence,private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.”可知，私营的气候工程公司可以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行下去，也就是 这些公司会继续存在下去，A项“科学研究证明了Stienwand是对的”：B项“私营的气候工程公 司在加拿大是非法的”：C项“关于人工降雨的疑虑已经消失了”：D项“人工降雨公司会继续存 在下去”。故选D。 Passage 5 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了学校菜园项目Urban Sprouts的启动背景、 目的、内容和意义。 l.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“says Abby Jaramillo,.who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts”可知，Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts项目的创始人。故D项正确。 2.C推理判断题。本题问的是在这个项目初创时Jaramillo面临的一个问题是什么。根据第二段 中的“The kids..come to us thinking vegetables are awful,dirt is awful,insects are awful”“some are initially.turned off by the dirt'”可知，这个项目刚开始时面临的一个问题就是她的一些学生不喜欢干 菜园的活儿。故C项正确。 3.A推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这个学校菜园项目不仅能让学生吃得更有营养，而且还 让那些有情绪控制问题的学生感到成功。由此可推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故A项正确。 4.C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo发起Urban Sprouts项目，带 领学生种植蔬菜的故事，学生们开始对园艺感兴趣。因此C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”适合作为本文标 独家授权侵权必究 色学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.com○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 题。 Passage 6 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了美国灰熊从多变少的发展过程，和在法律的 保护下，灰熊数量增长，并探讨了针对灰熊的应对保护方案。 l.A推理判断题。根据第一段的“Grizzly bears.occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche(灰熊在美国人心中占据了一个矛盾的角落)”和“we revere(敬畏)them even as they give us frightening dreams...their answer is often the same:a grizzly bear”可知，人们对灰熊既怕又爱。由此可 见，人们对它们的感情很复杂，故A项正确。 2.C细节理解题。根据第三段的“Inl975,grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act (I975年，灰熊被列入《美国濒危动物法案》中)”和第四段的“Today,there are about2.O00 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.(如今，美国大约有2000或更多头灰熊)”可以推断，灰熊数量增长与l975年 以来的法律保护息息相关，故C项正确。 3.A细节理解题。根据题千的“theU.S.Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies”可以 迅速锁定第四段。根据第四段的“Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups (由于来自保护组织的诉讼，这两次尝试都被推翻了)”可知，动物保护组织的反对阻止了美国鱼类及 野生动物管理局将灰熊从《美国濒危动物法案》中除名，故A项正确。 4.B推理判断题。根据最后一段的“If people remove food and attractants...is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away(如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和营地拿走，灰熊经过时通常会平安 无事。在鸡舍和其他农场动物住所周围安装电围栏对赶走灰熊也非常有效)”可以推断，人类可以和 灰熊和谐共处，故B项正确。 Passage 7 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC 中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。 l.B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us,.I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste (像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物。)”及“But as days passed,the arugula went bad, Even worse,I had unthinkingly bought way too much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out. 但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西：我扔掉的东西可以做 六份沙拉。)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。 2.B细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.That makes food waste an environmental problem.In fact,Royte writes,'if food waste were a country,it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.'( 吃的食物会浪费水、燃料和用于种植食物的其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上， 罗伊特写道，‘如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。’)”可知，浪费食物 独家授权权必究 色学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.com○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B。 3.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C.,which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals.Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (produce,that otherwise would have rotted in fields..(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年， 该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在 地里腐烂。)”可知，科廷的公司把人们不想要的食物重新制作成健康的食物。故选D。 4.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won'teat(每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要 的食物，还是要求餐馆不提供你不吃的配菜)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。 故选A。 Passage 8 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对 于农地和住房的急需，大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只 有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入投入了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。 l.A细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,.greatly reducing waterfowl habitat..”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽千用作农 地或者修建住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。 2.C词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护得很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本 句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做得好的地方，故可知，本句闻述移民者做得不好的 地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。Acquire获得：Export出口；Destroy 破坏；Distribute分配。故选C。 3.D推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934,better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自l934年起，超过5亿美元投入了这个基 金会，购买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金， 故选D。 4A主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了 鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入投入了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而 保护了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。 ·独家授权食权必究· 色学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.com○ 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 ◆独家授权权必究·