第12讲 过去分词-核心语法 重难点专项突破 任务单 2026届高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）

高考核心语法·精练 第12讲 过去分词2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、过去分词基础及核心区分表 此表格梳理过去分词的基础形式、核心特征，重点明确其与现在分词、不定式的关键差异，是判断非谓语动词选择的基础框架，可直接用于语法填空、单项选择中对 “被动 / 主动”“完成 / 进行 / 将来” 语义的判断。 类别 具体内容 核心语义 / 功能 关键区分点 过去分词基础 1. 形式：动词 - ed（不规则动词需单独记忆，如 done, seen） 2. 特征：兼具动词（表被动关系）、形容词（作定 / 表 / 补 / 状）属性 1. 表动作：被动、已完成 2. 表状态：人 “感到……”（如 excited, discouraged） —— vs 现在分词 1. 形式：动词 - ing 2. 特征：表主动关系、形容词属性 1. 表动作：主动、正在进行 2. 表状态：物 “令人……”（如 exciting, discouraging） 主语差异：过去分词主语多为人，现在分词主语多为物；动作逻辑：被动 vs 主动 vs 不定式 1. 形式：to + 动词原形 2. 特征：表主动关系、未发生动作 1. 表动作：主动、将要发生 2. 表目的：“为了做某事” 动作时态：过去分词表 “已完成”，不定式表 “未发生”；逻辑关系：被动 vs 主动 注意事项： 1. 不规则动词记忆：需单独掌握高频不规则过去分词（如 eat-eaten, break-broken），避免因形式错误导致语义混淆； 2. 语义判断优先：若表 “人感到……”，必用过去分词；若表 “物令人……”，必用现在分词，不可仅凭主语是人 / 物机械判断（如 “the excited news” 错误，“news” 是物，需用 “exciting”）； 3. 不定式的 “将来” 属性：若动作未发生，即使表被动也需用 “to be done”，不可用过去分词（错误：a task finished tomorrow；正确：a task to be finished tomorrow）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The news about the successful mission made all the people present feel ________ (excite). 【答案】excited 【解析】考查过去分词作表语。句意：任务成功的消息让在场所有人都感到兴奋。根据表格 “过去分词基础” 规则，过去分词表人 “感到……”，主语 “people” 为人，“excite” 需变形为 “excited”，故填 excited。 2. We are looking forward to the project ________ (complete) by the end of this month. 【答案】to be completed 【解析】考查过去分词与不定式的区分。句意：我们期待这个项目在本月底前完成。根据规则，“project” 与 “complete” 为被动关系，且动作 “未发生”，需用 “to be done” 结构，故填 to be completed。 3. The ________ (break) window was repaired by the workers this morning. 【答案】broken 【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：那扇破窗户今天早上被工人修好了。根据 “过去分词基础” 表 “被动、已完成”，“window” 与 “break” 为被动关系，故填 broken。 4. The movie we watched last night was so ________ (move) that many audience members cried. 【答案】moving 【解析】考查过去分词与现在分词的区分。句意：我们昨晚看的电影非常感人，很多观众都哭了。根据规则，现在分词表物 “令人……”，主语 “movie” 为物，“move” 需变形为 “moving”，故填 moving。 5. She plans to have the letter ________ (send) to her parents as soon as possible. 【答案】sent 【解析】考查过去分词作补足语。句意：她计划尽快把这封信寄给父母。“letter” 与 “send” 为被动关系，“have + 宾语 + 过去分词” 表 “让某事被做”，符合过去分词 “表被动” 的规则，故填 sent。 二、过去分词作定语用法表 此表格聚焦过去分词 “作定语” 的两类核心场景（单个分词前置、短语后置），明确定语位置、语义逻辑及与其他非谓语的差异，是解决 “分词前置 / 后置”“被动 / 主动修饰” 的高频考点。 类型 结构规则 适用场景 关键区分（与其他非谓语对比） 单个过去分词（前置） 单个动词 - ed 置于被修饰名词前，不可后置 修饰名词，简洁表 “被动、已完成” 的动作或状态 对比现在分词（前置表主动 / 进行，如 sleeping baby）、不定式（不可前置作定语） 过去分词短语（后置） 动词 - ed 短语（含逻辑宾语 / 状语）置于被修饰名词后，不可前置 修饰名词，需完整说明 “被动、已完成” 的动作细节（如动作执行者、时间等） 对比现在分词短语（后置表主动 / 进行，如 girl sitting by window）、不定式短语（后置表主动 / 将来，如 task to finish） 注意事项： 1. 位置不可混淆：单个分词必须前置，短语必须后置（错误：the written by my teacher book；正确：the book written by my teacher）； 2. 不可用 “having been done” 作定语：表 “被动且已完成” 只能用过去分词（done），不可用现在分词完成被动式（错误：the book having been written by my teacher；正确：the book written by my teacher）； 3. 与现在分词的语义边界：修饰 “物” 时，若表 “物被……” 用过去分词，若表 “物正在……” 用现在分词（错误：the running water（被动）；正确：the boiled water（被动，开水）/the running water（主动，流水））。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. This is a ________ (write) report by the expert, which provides valuable data for our research. 【答案】written 【解析】考查单个过去分词作前置定语。句意：这是专家写的报告，为我们的研究提供了宝贵数据。根据 “单个过去分词（前置）” 规则，单个 - ed 形式置于名词前表 “被动、已完成”，“report” 与 “write” 为被动关系，故填 written。 2. The book ________ (translate) into several languages has been sold in more than 50 countries. 【答案】translated 【解析】考查过去分词短语作后置定语。句意：这本被翻译成多种语言的书已在 50 多个国家销售。“book” 与 “translate” 为被动关系，“translated into several languages” 为分词短语，符合 “过去分词短语（后置）” 规则，故填 translated。 3. We visited a museum ________ (build) in the Ming Dynasty during our trip to Beijing. 【答案】built 【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：北京之行中，我们参观了一座建于明代的博物馆。“museum” 与 “build” 为被动关系，且动作 “已完成”，符合 “过去分词短语（后置）” 表 “被动、已完成” 的规则，故填 built。 4. The ________ (injure) worker was sent to the hospital immediately after the accident. 【答案】injured 【解析】考查单个过去分词作前置定语。句意：事故发生后，受伤的工人立即被送往医院。根据规则，单个 - ed 形式置于名词前表 “状态”，“injured” 修饰 “worker” 表 “受伤的”，故填 injured。 5. The documents ________ (sign) by the manager yesterday will take effect next week. 【答案】signed 【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：经理昨天签署的文件将于下周生效。“documents” 与 “sign” 为被动关系，且动作 “已完成”，符合 “过去分词短语（后置）” 规则，故填 signed。 三、过去分词作表语 / 补足语用法表 此表格梳理过去分词 “作表语”“作补足语” 的结构规则、语义特征，明确补足语的两类核心场景（观感使役动词、with 复合结构），解决 “感到……/ 令人……”“被动补足” 等易混点。 功能 结构规则 核心语义 示例（结合文档） 作表语 系动词（be/get/remain/seem 等）+ 过去分词，不可接宾语 主语（多为人）“感到……”，描述主观情绪或状态 1. They got discouraged（感到沮丧） 2. The children were excited（感到兴奋） 作补足语 1. 观感使役类动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词： （notice/hear/see/watch/feel/have 等，表宾语与动作被动关系） 2. with 复合结构：with + 名词 + 过去分词（表名词与动作被动关系） 3. 独立主格：名词 + 过去分词（省略 with，表被动） 1. 补充说明宾语的被动动作 2. 补充说明名词的被动状态 1. He felt his shoulder touched（肩膀被碰） 2. With the problem solved（问题被解决） 3. Her hands folded（双手被交叉） 注意事项： 1. 表语的主语限制：过去分词作表语时，主语多为人；若主语为物，需确认语义是否为 “被…… 的状态”（如 “the door is closed”，表 “门被关上的状态”，合理），不可误表 “令人……”（错误：the book is interested；正确：the book is interesting）； 2. 补足语的被动逻辑：宾语 / 名词必须是过去分词动作的承受者，若为发出者需用现在分词（错误：I saw him praised（主动）；正确：I saw him praising（主动，他在表扬）/I saw him praised（被动，他被表扬））； 3. with 复合结构的省略：独立主格（省 with）仅适用于 “名词与主句主语不一致” 的场景，若一致不可省略 with（错误：Hands folded, I sat down；正确：With my hands folded, I sat down）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. After hearing the bad news, she remained ________ (calm) and tried to find a solution. 【答案】calm 【解析】考查过去分词作表语（特殊：部分过去分词与形容词同形）。句意：听到坏消息后，她保持冷静并努力寻找解决方案。“remain + 过去分词” 表 “保持某种状态”，“calm” 在此处兼具过去分词和形容词属性，故填 calm。 2. I heard my name ________ (call) when I was waiting for the bus at the stop. 【答案】called 【解析】考查过去分词作补足语。句意：我在公交站等车时，听到有人叫我的名字。“name” 与 “call” 为被动关系，“hear + 宾语 + 过去分词” 表 “听到某事被做”，符合规则，故填 called。 3. With all the work ________ (finish), we can finally take a break and enjoy the weekend. 【答案】finished 【解析】考查过去分词构成 with 复合结构。句意：所有工作都完成了，我们终于可以休息享受周末了。“work” 与 “finish” 为被动关系，“with + 名词 + 过去分词” 表 “名词被动承受动作”，故填 finished。 4. The little girl was so ________ (frighten) by the thunder that she hid under the bed. 【答案】frightened 【解析】考查过去分词作表语。句意：小女孩被雷声吓得躲到了床底下。根据规则，过去分词表人 “感到……”，主语 “girl” 为人，“frighten” 变形为 “frightened”，故填 frightened。 5. The teacher had the homework ________ (check) by the students themselves before collecting it. 【答案】checked 【解析】考查过去分词作补足语。句意：老师让学生们在交作业前先自行检查。“homework” 与 “check” 为被动关系，“have + 宾语 + 过去分词” 表 “让某事被做”，符合规则，故填 checked。 四、过去分词作插入语 / 状语用法表 此表格聚焦过去分词 “作插入语”“作状语” 的高频场景，明确插入语的固定短语、状语的逻辑关系及形式变化，是语法填空和写作的重点考点。 功能 结构规则 适用场景 示例（结合文档） 作插入语 固定过去分词短语 + 逗号，独立于主句语法结构，不影响主句成分 补充说话人态度、背景信息或提供条件 / 对比 1. Compared with last year（与去年相比） 2. Given their experience（鉴于他们的经验） 3. Frankly speaking（老实说） 作状语 1. 直接用过去分词：逻辑主语为句子主语，表被动关系（时间 / 原因 / 条件 / 伴随等） 2. “be + 过去分词 + 介词” 省 be：直接用 “过去分词 + 介词” 结构（如 absorbed in, faced with） 描述句子主语的被动动作或状态，简化状语从句 1. Surprised by the noise（因被噪音吓到） 2. Absorbed in painting（专注于绘画） 3. Faced with the emergency（面临紧急情况） 注意事项： 1. 插入语的独立性：必须用逗号与主句隔开，不可省略（错误：Compared with last year this project is complex；正确：Compared with last year, this project is complex）； 2. 状语的逻辑主语：句子主语必须是过去分词动作的承受者，否则需调整句子结构（错误：Surprised by the noise, the room fell silent；正确：Surprised by the noise, the baby started to cry——“surprised” 的承受者是 “baby”，不是 “room”）； 3. “be + 过去分词 + 介词” 的固定性：此类短语（如 addicted to, used to）作状语时必须省 be 动词，不可保留（错误：As he is absorbed in painting；正确：Absorbed in painting）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. ________ (compare) with the traditional method, the new technology is more efficient and cost-saving. 【答案】Compared 【解析】考查过去分词短语作插入语。句意：与传统方法相比，这项新技术更高效、更节省成本。“Compared with” 为固定过去分词插入语，独立于主句，表对比，故填 Compared。 2. ________ (face) with a difficult choice, he had to ask his parents for advice. 【答案】Faced 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：面临艰难的选择，他不得不向父母征求意见。“he” 与 “face” 为被动关系，“Faced with” 是 “be faced with” 的省略形式，符合 “过去分词作状语” 规则，故填 Faced。 3. ________ (give) his poor health, he decided to retire early from his job. 【答案】Given 【解析】考查过去分词短语作插入语。句意：鉴于健康状况不佳，他决定提前退休。“Given” 为固定过去分词插入语，表 “鉴于、考虑到”，符合规则，故填 Given。 4. ________ (surprise) by the sudden visit of her friend, she quickly tidied up the house. 【答案】Surprised 【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：被朋友的突然到访吓到，她赶紧整理了房子。“she” 与 “surprise” 为被动关系，过去分词作原因状语，符合规则，故填 Surprised。 5. ________ (frank) speaking, I don’t think the new policy will work well in this area. 【答案】Frankly 【解析】考查过去分词短语作插入语。句意：老实说，我认为这项新政策在这个地区不会顺利实施。“Frankly speaking” 为固定插入语，独立于主句，表态度，故填 Frankly。 五、过去分词与状语从句省略用法表 此表格梳理过去分词与状语从句省略的规则，明确省略条件、主动 / 被动形式及特殊禁忌，解决 “何时可省主语和 be 动词”“before/after 后接动名词” 等细节问题。 类型 结构规则 核心逻辑 示例（结合文档） 被动省略 从属连词（when/if/although/unless 等）+ 过去分词： 前提：主从句主语一致，且从句含 be 动词，省 “主语 + be” 主句主语与从句动作被动关系，简化被动状语从句 1. Unless repaired immediately（除非立即被修理） 2. When asked about the accident（当被问及事故时） 主动省略 从属连词 + 现在分词： 前提：主从句主语一致，且从句含 be 动词，省 “主语 + be” 主句主语与从句动作主动关系，简化主动状语从句 1. When walking in the park（当在公园散步时） 2. While reading the book（当读这本书时） 特殊禁忌 before/after 后接动词：仅接动名词（doing），不可接分词省略形式（doing/done） before/after 为介词，需接名词性成分（动名词） 1. Before making the decision（做决定前） 2. After finishing homework（完成作业后） 注意事项： 1. 省略的前提：必须满足 “主从句主语一致” 或 “从句含 it is”，否则不可省略（错误：While repaired, the machine was checked；正确：While the machine was repaired, it was checked—— 主语不一致，不可省）； 2. 主动 / 被动的选择：根据主句主语与动作的关系判断，被动用过去分词，主动用现在分词（错误：If praised, he will work hard（主动）；正确：If praising others, he will work hard（主动，他表扬别人）/If praised, he will work hard（被动，他被表扬））； 3. before/after 的介词属性：二者后接动词时只能用动名词，不可按省略规则接分词（错误：After repaired, the car was returned；正确：After being repaired, the car was returned）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. When ________ (ask) about his future plans, the young man said he wanted to start his own business. 【答案】asked 【解析】考查被动省略。句意：当被问及未来计划时，这个年轻人说他想自己创业。主从句主语均为 “the young man”，“man” 与 “ask” 为被动关系，符合 “从属连词 + 过去分词” 的被动省略规则，故填 asked。 2. While ________ (read) the novel, she couldn’t help crying at the sad ending. 【答案】reading 【解析】考查主动省略。句意：读这本小说时，她忍不住为悲伤的结局哭了。主从句主语均为 “she”，“she” 与 “read” 为主动关系，符合 “从属连词 + 现在分词” 的主动省略规则，故填 reading。 3. Before ________ (make) a final decision, please consider all the possible consequences. 【答案】making 【解析】考查 before/after 后接动名词。句意：做最终决定前，请考虑所有可能的后果。根据 “特殊禁忌” 规则，before 为介词，后接动词需用动名词形式，故填 making。 4. If ________ (treat) properly, the wound may get infected and cause more problems. 【答案】not treated 【解析】考查被动省略的否定式。句意：如果伤口处理不当，可能会感染并引发更多问题。主从句主语均为 “the wound”，“wound” 与 “treat” 为被动关系，否定词 “not” 置于过去分词前，符合被动省略规则，故填 not treated。 5. After ________ (finish) the work ahead of schedule, the team members were allowed to take a few days off. 【答案】finishing 【解析】考查 before/after 后接动名词。句意：提前完成工作后，团队成员被允许休假几天。根据规则，after 为介词，后接动词需用动名词形式，故填 finishing。 一、语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·广东·二模）The violet silk gown, mistakenly (identify) as a royal Japanese dress, is in fact a traditional Chinese Hanfu. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】identified 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这件紫色丝绸长袍被误认为是日本皇室服饰，实际上它是一件传统的中国汉服。The violet silk gown与identify之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填identified。 2．（2025·河北衡水·二模）The photo on the wall always keeps him (remind) of his dream. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】reminded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：墙上的照片总是让他想起自己的梦想。“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，him和remind为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填reminded。 3．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）The systems provide slow-motion replays of athletes’ performances, (offer) global viewers a more immersive experience by transforming live footage into precise 3D models. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】offering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些系统提供运动员表演的慢动作回放，通过将实时镜头转换为精确的3D模型，为全球观众提供更身临其境的体验。本句的谓语是provide，此处是非谓语部分。逻辑主语The systems与动词 offer之间为主谓关系，用现在分词形式作状语。故填offering。 4．（2025·广东·二模）Fortunately, there is a huge industry of plastic-free products (target) at eco-conscious consumers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】targeted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，有一整个庞大的无塑料产品产业，专门面向那些注重环保的消费者。此处target与products构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填targeted。 5．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights, thus (warm) the house. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】warming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：土坯制成的墙在炎热的日子吸收太阳的热量，在凉爽的夜晚缓慢地散发热量，从而使房子变暖。句中已有谓语动词“take in”和“give out”，因此空格处需用非谓语动词。“thus”为副词，其后常接现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。“warm” 与句子主语“walls”之间存在主动关系，故用现在分词形式“warming”。故填warming。 6．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem (call) caffeinism. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】called 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：更大剂量的咖啡因会导致一种症状，叫“咖啡因中毒”。分析句子结构可知，设空处的动词在句中作非谓语动词，在名词problem后作定语，且与problem之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 应用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。 7．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）The device could be helpful in areas (locate) far from a power grid (电网).(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】located 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一设备对那些离电网很远的地区来说，是很有帮助的。此处作定语，修饰areas，areas与locate之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语，故填located。 8．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Just then, some kids ran at him, (knock) his books out of his arms. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】knocking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子向他跑过来，把他怀里的书撞飞了。句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填knocking。 9．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）Beijing Olympic Park, also (know) as the Olympic Green, is located in Chaoyang District, Beijing, with a total land area of 11.59 square kilometers. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】known 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：北京奥林匹克公园，又称奥林匹克公园，位于北京市朝阳区，总土地面积11.59平方公里。根据句子分析可知，此处作定语，主语Beijing Olympic Park与know之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语。故填known。 10．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）After all, they are not cities (describe) as dynamic (充满活力的). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】described 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：毕竟，它们不是被描述为充满活力的城市。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词describe与被修饰的名词cities是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，表示被动，作后置定语。故填described。 11．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）Of course, each person’s comfort food largely depends on the place where they come — for a Chinese it might be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar, and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips, (serve) hot, salty and sour. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】served 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当然，每个人的舒适食物在很大程度上取决于他们来的地方——对中国人来说，可能是一盘饺子和一碟醋，而对英国人来说，可能是经典的炸鱼薯条，热热的、咸咸的、酸酸的被端上来。分析句子可知，serve用非谓语动词形式作状语，与逻辑主语the classic fish and chips是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填served。 12．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）One theory, increasingly   (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】supported 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知，空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。 13．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）I joined in a marathon   (host) by the city sports club. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】hosted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我参加了市体育俱乐部举办的马拉松比赛。谓语动词是joined，此处使用非谓语动词，host与marathon是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动、完成。故填hosted。 14．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Jackboot had to teach in Belgium. His pupils spoke only Flemish, and he spoke only French. He gave his students a novel (write) in his mother tongue and a French dictionary. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】written 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Jackboot不得不去比利时教书。他的学生只会说Flemish，而他只会说法语。他给学生一本用他的母语写的小说和一本法语词典。分析句子可知，gave是谓语，空格处要用非谓语动词，动词write和所修饰的名词novel之间是逻辑动宾关系，所以需要用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填written。 15．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Whatever you define success, remember, we are born to live the lives we truly want and deserve, but not just the lives (settle) for us. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】settled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论你如何定义成功，请记住，我们生来要过我们真正想要和应得的生活，而不仅仅是为我们设定的生活。分析句子结构可知，动词settle在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语lives构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词，表示被动，作定语。故填settled。 Passage 1 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 1 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 2 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 3 (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 4 Romeo and Juliet.” A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 5 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 6 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 7 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 8 (find)the connection between the two great writers. 9 (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 10 see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【答案】 1. who 2. themes 3. were 4. to 5. inspired 6. was built 7. visibility 8. to find 9. Recalling 10. and 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联系和共同点，并展示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德，且说明了这种联系对于提高斯特拉特福德国际知名度的重要性。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 2. 考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。 3. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 4. 考查固定短语。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。故填to。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 6. 考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 7. 考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 10. 考查连词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。 【点睛】 Passage 2 （2024·广东江苏·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 1 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 3 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 4 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6 first time. These plants included modern Western 7 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 8 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 9 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10 (rich) of gardening in England. 【答案】 1. engineering 2. functional 3. to give 4. closed 5. walks 6. the 7. favorites 8. as 9. which/that 10. richness 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。 1. 考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 2. 考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些萼片在温暖日子里开放，为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to give。 4. 考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。 5. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 6. 考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。 7. 考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。 8. 考查介词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：Glasshouse是当代设计中的一项伟大成就，它将中国西南部的植物安置在丝绸之路的尽头，丝绸之路将植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到这里，定义了英国丰富的园艺。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Silk Route，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 10. 考查名词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。冠词修饰名词，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 【点睛】 Passage 3 （2025·河北·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Copper cash (铜钱) is the general term of Chinese ancient currency made of copper which turned up in the Qin Dynasty (221 BC — 206 BC), a dynasty leaving 1 (vary) treasures to Chinese people, such as the Great Wall and the Terracotta Army. The copper coin originated from “huan cash”, a kind of ancient copper coin with ring shape used in the Warring States Period 2 lasted from 475 BC to 221 BC． 3 (general) speaking, most of the copper coins 4 (be) round and there is a square hole in the center of the coin-hence there is another Chinese name called “fangkong cash” (fangkong mean square hole). People can distinguish different kinds of copper coins by the letters 5 (mark) on the coins. These letters always refer to the royal title in different 6 (dynasty), such as “Qianlong Tongbao” and “Yongzheng Tongbao” in the Qing Dynasty (1616 — 1911) . The earliest copper coin is called “ban liang qian”, or Ban Liang coins, which emerged and began to circulate (流通) in 7 whole country following the foundation of the Qin Dynasty. Ban Liang coins were more material-economical 8 any other coin circulating at that time and the square hole was easier 9 (make). This revealed that people at that time valued efficiency, which could 10 (see) in the wonder of the Terracotta Army as well. 【答案】 1. various 2. which/that 3. Generally 4. are 5. marked 6. dynasties 7. the 8. than 9. to make 10. be seen 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国铜钱的历史、起源、种类及特点。 1. 考查形容词。句意：铜钱是中国古代以铜为原料的货币的统称，它出现在秦朝（公元前221年 — 公元前206年），这个朝代给中国人民留下了各种各样的珍宝，比如长城和兵马俑。根据空后treasures可知，空处需用形容词various“各种各样的”作定语修饰名词treasures。故填various。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：铜币起源于“环钱”，这是一种战国时期（公元前475年至公元前221年）使用的环形古铜币。空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是the Warring States Period，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which/that引导定语从句。故填which/that。 3. 考查副词。句意：一般来说，大多数铜币都是圆的，在硬币的中心有一个方孔——因此它还有一个中文名字叫“方孔钱”（fangkong意思是方孔）。generally speaking“一般来说”，固定短语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Generally。 4. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：同上。根据空后的“is”可知，此处表示客观事实，所以空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是复数most of the copper coins，所以be动词需用are。故填are。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：人们可以通过硬币上标记的字母来区分不同种类的铜币。本句已有谓语动词can distinguish，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词letters，动词mark与letters之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词marked作后置定语。故填marked。 6. 考查名词。句意：这些字母总是指不同朝代的皇室头衔，如清朝（1616 — 1911）的“乾隆通宝”和“雍正通宝”。different后需接可数名词复数，此处指不同朝代的皇室头衔，所以空处需用名词dynasties“朝代”。故填dynasties。 7. 考查冠词。句意：最早的铜钱叫“半两钱”，在秦朝建立后出现并开始在全国流通。in the whole country“在全国”，固定短语。故填the。 8. 考查介词。句意：半两钱比当时流通的任何其他硬币都更省料，而且方孔更容易制作。根据空前比较级more material-economical可知，空处需用介词than，表示“比……”。故填than。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。be easier to do sth.“做某事更容易”，固定搭配，所以空处需用动词不定式形式。故填to make。 10. 考查情态动词的被动语态。句意：这表明当时的人们重视效率，这在兵马俑的奇迹中也可以看到。空处是which引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语动词，表示“能够被看到”，需用情态动词的被动语态：could be done。故填be seen。 Passage 4 （2025·福建泉州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 2018, a remarkable project began in Egypt’s Minya Province. The $1 billion Sugar Canal project, 1 (lead) by Chinese, Egyptian, and UAE companies, aimed to turn 76,000 hectares of desert into farmland. Chinese firm ZPEC took on the key task of drilling wells to bring underground water to the surface, 2 mission that seemed impossible in the dry land. At first, the team faced huge challenges. The first well took them nearly two months 3 (complete), but they now finish a well in just 10 to 15 days with advanced technology. Most workers are Egyptian, trained by Chinese 4 (technician). “It’s all part of the Belt and Road cooperation,” said Li Wei, ZPEC’s manager. Now, over 150 wells have been drilled, watering crops like sugar beets, alfalfa, and barley. 5 (incredible), beet productivity has risen by 50% in just one year. The project also includes a sugar factory built by Chinese companies, 6 produces 900 tons of white sugar every year. This not only boosts Egypt’s food 7 (secure) but also creates thousands of jobs, bringing new life to local communities. “This project is a game-changer for desert regions,” said Ahmed Soliman, ZPEC’s base manager. The once-deserted land turns green 8 water flowing from new wells. It's a real-life story of hope in the heart of the desert, 9 (prove) that even the hardest (最恶劣的) environments can eventually 10 (transform) through international partnership and innovation. 【答案】 1. led 2. a 3. to complete 4. technicians 5. Incredibly 6. which 7. security 8. with 9. proving 10. be transformed 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。2018年中埃等国在埃及启动“运河糖业”项目，打井引水改沙漠为农田，建糖厂，助埃及粮食安全、创就业，显国际合作力量。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这个由中、埃、阿联酋三国企业牵头的耗资10亿美元的“运河糖业”项目，旨在将7.6万公顷沙漠改造为农田。此空考查非谓语动词，lead与The $1 billion Sugar Canal project之间为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去分词形式，作后置定语。故填led。 2. 考查冠词。句意：中国ZPEC公司承担了打井抽水的关键任务，这在干旱地区似乎是一项不可能完成的使命。此处泛指“一项使命”，且mission是以辅音音素开头的可数名词单数，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：第一口井花了他们将近两个月的时间才完成，但现在凭借先进技术，他们只需10到15天就能完成一口井。此处考查固定句型“it takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.”，表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”，应用动词不定式形式，作逻辑主语。故填to complete。 4. 考查名词复数。句意：大多数工人是埃及人，由中国技术人员培训。technician是可数名词，根据语境可知，此处指多名中国技术人员，应用复数形式。故填technicians。 5. 考查副词。句意：令人难以置信的是，甜菜产量在短短一年内就增长了50%。所填空修饰整个句子，应用副词形式incredibly“令人难以置信的是”，且句首单词，首字母需大写。故填Incredibly。 6. 考查定语从句。句意：该项目还包括一家由中国公司建造的糖厂，这家糖厂每年生产900吨白砂糖。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a sugar factory，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 7. 考查名词。句意：这不仅提高了埃及的粮食安全，还创造了数千个就业岗位，为当地社区带来了新生。所填空作动词boosts的宾语，应用名词形式，food security，表示“粮食安全”，为固定搭配。故填security。 8. 考查介词。句意：随着新井中流出的水，这片曾经荒芜的土地变得绿意盎然。此处表示“随着……”，应用介词with，构成“with + 宾语 + 现在分词”的复合结构，在句中作伴随状语。故填with。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这是发生在沙漠中心的一个真实的希望故事，它证明了即使是最恶劣的环境，通过国际合作和创新也终能被改变。此空考查非谓语，prove与句子主语It之间为主动关系，再由语境可知，应用现在分词形式，作伴随状语。故填proving。 10. 考查动词语态。句意：这是发生在沙漠中心的一个真实的希望故事，它证明了即使是最恶劣的环境，通过国际合作和创新也终能被改变。此空考查谓语动词，主语the hardest environments与动词transform之间为被动关系，且情态动词can后接动词原形，应用be + 过去分词形式。故填be transformed。 Passage 5 （2025·福建福州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Matcha (抹茶), 1 dynamic green powdered tea, traces its roots not to Japan, but to ancient China. Its story begins in the Tang Dynasty, when tea leaves were steamed, dried, and ground into powder for easy storage and transport. 2 the Song Dynasty, it had flourished as a cultural icon: emperors and scholars alike embraced “diancha” (whisked matcha), a ceremony blending with artistry mindfulness, 3 tea masters whipped the powder with hot water to create a fragrant brew. Crafting Chinese matcha is a labor of 4 (precise). Only young, tender leaves from specific tea bushes 5 (harvest) in spring. They’re quickly steamed to suspend oxidation, 6 (preserve) their vivid color and nutrients, then dried and stone-ground into a fine powder — traditionally using granite mills (花岗岩磨粉机), which gently crush the leaves   7 generating heat that would decrease flavor. Unlike 8 (it) Japanese counterpart (对应物，指抹茶), Chinese matcha often carries earthier flavors, reflecting diverse terroirs (风土) from Zhejiang’s misty hills to Fujian’s fertile 9 (valley). Today, it bridges tradition and modernity: drunk in classical tea ceremonies, stirred into lattes (拿铁), or folded into desserts, reigniting interest among younger generations. More than a drink, Chinese matcha is a living heritage — a sip of history 10 (steep) in centuries of craftsmanship and culture. 【答案】 1. a 2. By 3. where 4. precision 5. are harvested 6. preserving 7. without 8. its 9. valleys 10. steeped 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了抹茶的起源、制作工艺、中国抹茶与日本抹茶的不同之处以及中国抹茶在现代社会的应用。 1. 考查冠词。句意：抹茶，一种充满活力的绿色粉末茶，其根源可追溯到古代中国，而非日本。tea是可数名词单数，在句中表示“一种……茶”，泛指，前面应加不定冠词，且dynamic发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰，故填a。 2. 考查介词。句意：到了宋代，它已经发展成为一种文化标志：皇帝和学者们都推崇“点茶”(搅拌抹茶)，这是一种融合了艺术和正念的仪式，茶师们用热水搅拌抹茶粉，制成香气四溢的茶。根据谓语动词“had flourished”可知，句子使用了过去完成时，“by+时间名词”意为“到……为止”，作时间状语，是完成时的标志词；句首单词，首字母大写，故填By。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：到了宋代，它已经发展成为一种文化标志：皇帝和学者们都推崇“点茶”(搅拌抹茶)，这是一种融合了艺术和正念的仪式，茶师们用热水搅拌抹茶粉，制成香气四溢的茶。“ tea masters whipped the powder with hot water to create a fragrant brew”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词ceremony，关系词将先行词代入定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在这个仪式中”，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 4. 考查名词。句意：制作中国抹茶是一项精确的工作。提示词作介词of的宾语，用名词precision，意为“精确”，是不可数名词。故填precision。 5. 考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：只有在春天采摘特定茶树上的幼嫩叶子。分析句子结构可知，harvest(采摘)作句子的谓语，与主语“young, tender leaves”之间是被动关系，且描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are harvested。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然后迅速蒸制以防止氧化，保留其鲜艳的颜色和营养成分，然后干燥并石磨成细粉。“(preserve) their vivid color and nutrients”作结果状语，preserve(保留)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“迅速蒸制以防止氧化”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，表主动。故填preserving。 7. 考查介词。句意：然后迅速蒸制以防止氧化，保留其鲜艳的颜色和营养成分，然后干燥并石磨成细粉——传统上使用花岗岩磨粉机，这种磨粉机可以轻轻地碾碎茶叶，而不会产生热量，从而降低茶叶的风味。根据句意，表示“不会产生热量”，结合动名词“generating”可知，应用介词without(没有)表示否定，构成介词短语作伴随状语。故填without。 8. 考查代词。句意：与日本的抹茶不同，中国的抹茶往往带有泥土的味道，反映了从浙江雾蒙蒙的山丘到福建肥沃的山谷的不同风土。提示词修饰名词counterpart，用形容词性物主代词its作定语。故填its。 9. 考查名词复数。句意：与日本的抹茶不同，中国的抹茶往往带有泥土的味道，反映了从浙江雾蒙蒙的山丘到福建肥沃的山谷的不同风土。valley(山谷)是可数名词，结合“from Zhejiang’s misty hills to Fujian’s fertile”可知，此处表示不同地区的山谷，用复数形式。故填valleys。 10. 考查形容词。句意：中国抹茶不仅仅是一种饮品，它是一种活生生的文化遗产——一口就能品尝到几个世纪以来的工艺和文化。“(steep) in centuries of craftsmanship and culture”作后置定语修饰名词heritage，用形容词steeped，意为“沉浸在……中的”，常与介词in搭配。故填steeped。 Passage 6 （2025·河北·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Ru porcelain (汝瓷), celebrated for its unique light blue glaze, 1 (prize) during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Although Ru porcelain once 2 (flood) the market around 1100, it has become extremely rare today. Thanks to the efforts of Ru porcelain inheritors (继承者), people can now appreciate it much closer than before. Li Chao, born in Ruzhou, Henan Province, has devoted ten years to 3 (perfect) his craft. Creating Ru porcelain involves 72 steps, the first of 4 is kneading (揉) the clay. “Any small error could lead to disaster,” the 41-year-old inheritor said. He then highlighted the critical importance of patience in 5 process. Every item of artwork fully deserves our admiration. As the techniques for making Ru porcelain face the risk of being lost with the passing of 6 (experience) artisans, Li is committed to preserving and promoting this tradition. He is 7 (active) working to introduce Ru porcelain to a broader audience by integrating it into contemporary daily supplies, particularly 8 (target) younger generations. Li’s ambition extends beyond national 9 (border), aiming to share the beauty and craftsmanship of Ru porcelain 10 the world. 【答案】 1. was prized 2. flooded 3. perfecting 4. which 5. the 6. experienced 7. actively 8. targeting 9. borders 10. with 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汝瓷和汝瓷传承人李超致力于传承和推广汝瓷技艺的事迹。 1. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：汝瓷以其独特的淡蓝色釉而闻名，在宋代（960-1279）备受珍视。动词prize(珍视)是句中谓语动词，与主语“Ru porcelain”之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“during the Song Dynasty (960-1279)”可知，讲述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，又因主语是不可数名词，所以谓语动词应使用单数形式。故填was prized。 2. 考查动词时态。句意：尽管汝瓷在1100年左右曾充斥市场，但如今已极为罕见。动词flood(充斥)是从句中谓语动词，与主语“Ru porcelain”之间是主动关系，结合时间状语“around 1100”可知，讲述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态。故填flooded。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：李超出生于河南汝州，他花了十年时间完善自己的技艺。动词perfect意为“完善，使完美”；devote...to...是固定搭配，意为“致力于……”，其中to是介词，接动名词perfecting作宾语。故填perfecting。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：制作汝瓷需要72道工序，其中第一步是揉泥。空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词steps，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 5. 考查冠词。句意：然后，他强调了这个过程中耐心的重要性。根据上文“Creating Ru porcelain involves 72 steps”可知，句中process指上文提到的“制作汝瓷的72道工序”这个过程，表特指，应使用定冠词the限定。故填the。 6. 考查形容词。句意：由于制作汝瓷的技艺面临着随着经验丰富的工匠的去世而失传的风险，李致力于保护和推广这一传统。提示词修饰名词artisans，应使用形容词experienced作定语，意为“经验丰富的”。故填experienced。 7. 考查副词。句意：他正积极地将汝瓷融入当代日常用品中，将其推广给更广泛的受众，特别是针对年轻一代。提示词修饰动词working，应用副词actively作状语，意为“积极地”。故填actively。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他正积极地将汝瓷融入当代日常用品中，将其推广给更广泛的受众，特别是针对年轻一代。“particularly (target) younger generations”作伴随状语，target(以……为目标)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语He之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填targeting。 9. 考查名词复数。句意：李的雄心壮志超越了国界，旨在与世界分享汝瓷的美丽和工艺。可数名词border作宾语，结合语境可知，李的雄心壮志是向全世界推广汝瓷，所以“国界”是复数概念。故填borders。 10. 考查介词。句意：李的雄心壮志超越了国界，旨在与世界分享汝瓷的美丽和工艺。share sth. with...是固定搭配，意为“与……分享……”。故填with。 9 / 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考核心语法·精练 第12讲 过去分词2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、过去分词基础及核心区分表 此表格梳理过去分词的基础形式、核心特征，重点明确其与现在分词、不定式的关键差异，是判断非谓语动词选择的基础框架，可直接用于语法填空、单项选择中对 “被动 / 主动”“完成 / 进行 / 将来” 语义的判断。 类别 具体内容 核心语义 / 功能 关键区分点 过去分词基础 1. 形式：动词 - ed（不规则动词需单独记忆，如 done, seen） 2. 特征：兼具动词（表被动关系）、形容词（作定 / 表 / 补 / 状）属性 1. 表动作：被动、已完成 2. 表状态：人 “感到……”（如 excited, discouraged） —— vs 现在分词 1. 形式：动词 - ing 2. 特征：表主动关系、形容词属性 1. 表动作：主动、正在进行 2. 表状态：物 “令人……”（如 exciting, discouraging） 主语差异：过去分词主语多为人，现在分词主语多为物；动作逻辑：被动 vs 主动 vs 不定式 1. 形式：to + 动词原形 2. 特征：表主动关系、未发生动作 1. 表动作：主动、将要发生 2. 表目的：“为了做某事” 动作时态：过去分词表 “已完成”，不定式表 “未发生”；逻辑关系：被动 vs 主动 注意事项： 1. 不规则动词记忆：需单独掌握高频不规则过去分词（如 eat-eaten, break-broken），避免因形式错误导致语义混淆； 2. 语义判断优先：若表 “人感到……”，必用过去分词；若表 “物令人……”，必用现在分词，不可仅凭主语是人 / 物机械判断（如 “the excited news” 错误，“news” 是物，需用 “exciting”）； 3. 不定式的 “将来” 属性：若动作未发生，即使表被动也需用 “to be done”，不可用过去分词（错误：a task finished tomorrow；正确：a task to be finished tomorrow）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The news about the successful mission made all the people present feel ________ (excite). 2. We are looking forward to the project ________ (complete) by the end of this month. 3. The ________ (break) window was repaired by the workers this morning. 4. The movie we watched last night was so ________ (move) that many audience members cried. 5. She plans to have the letter ________ (send) to her parents as soon as possible. 二、过去分词作定语用法表 此表格聚焦过去分词 “作定语” 的两类核心场景（单个分词前置、短语后置），明确定语位置、语义逻辑及与其他非谓语的差异，是解决 “分词前置 / 后置”“被动 / 主动修饰” 的高频考点。 类型 结构规则 适用场景 关键区分（与其他非谓语对比） 单个过去分词（前置） 单个动词 - ed 置于被修饰名词前，不可后置 修饰名词，简洁表 “被动、已完成” 的动作或状态 对比现在分词（前置表主动 / 进行，如 sleeping baby）、不定式（不可前置作定语） 过去分词短语（后置） 动词 - ed 短语（含逻辑宾语 / 状语）置于被修饰名词后，不可前置 修饰名词，需完整说明 “被动、已完成” 的动作细节（如动作执行者、时间等） 对比现在分词短语（后置表主动 / 进行，如 girl sitting by window）、不定式短语（后置表主动 / 将来，如 task to finish） 注意事项： 1. 位置不可混淆：单个分词必须前置，短语必须后置（错误：the written by my teacher book；正确：the book written by my teacher）； 2. 不可用 “having been done” 作定语：表 “被动且已完成” 只能用过去分词（done），不可用现在分词完成被动式（错误：the book having been written by my teacher；正确：the book written by my teacher）； 3. 与现在分词的语义边界：修饰 “物” 时，若表 “物被……” 用过去分词，若表 “物正在……” 用现在分词（错误：the running water（被动）；正确：the boiled water（被动，开水）/the running water（主动，流水））。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. This is a ________ (write) report by the expert, which provides valuable data for our research. 2. The book ________ (translate) into several languages has been sold in more than 50 countries. 3. We visited a museum ________ (build) in the Ming Dynasty during our trip to Beijing. 4. The ________ (injure) worker was sent to the hospital immediately after the accident. 5. The documents ________ (sign) by the manager yesterday will take effect next week. 三、过去分词作表语 / 补足语用法表 此表格梳理过去分词 “作表语”“作补足语” 的结构规则、语义特征，明确补足语的两类核心场景（观感使役动词、with 复合结构），解决 “感到……/ 令人……”“被动补足” 等易混点。 功能 结构规则 核心语义 示例（结合文档） 作表语 系动词（be/get/remain/seem 等）+ 过去分词，不可接宾语 主语（多为人）“感到……”，描述主观情绪或状态 1. They got discouraged（感到沮丧） 2. The children were excited（感到兴奋） 作补足语 1. 观感使役类动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词： （notice/hear/see/watch/feel/have 等，表宾语与动作被动关系） 2. with 复合结构：with + 名词 + 过去分词（表名词与动作被动关系） 3. 独立主格：名词 + 过去分词（省略 with，表被动） 1. 补充说明宾语的被动动作 2. 补充说明名词的被动状态 1. He felt his shoulder touched（肩膀被碰） 2. With the problem solved（问题被解决） 3. Her hands folded（双手被交叉） 注意事项： 1. 表语的主语限制：过去分词作表语时，主语多为人；若主语为物，需确认语义是否为 “被…… 的状态”（如 “the door is closed”，表 “门被关上的状态”，合理），不可误表 “令人……”（错误：the book is interested；正确：the book is interesting）； 2. 补足语的被动逻辑：宾语 / 名词必须是过去分词动作的承受者，若为发出者需用现在分词（错误：I saw him praised（主动）；正确：I saw him praising（主动，他在表扬）/I saw him praised（被动，他被表扬））； 3. with 复合结构的省略：独立主格（省 with）仅适用于 “名词与主句主语不一致” 的场景，若一致不可省略 with（错误：Hands folded, I sat down；正确：With my hands folded, I sat down）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. After hearing the bad news, she remained ________ (calm) and tried to find a solution. 2. I heard my name ________ (call) when I was waiting for the bus at the stop. 3. With all the work ________ (finish), we can finally take a break and enjoy the weekend. 4. The little girl was so ________ (frighten) by the thunder that she hid under the bed. 5. The teacher had the homework ________ (check) by the students themselves before collecting it. 四、过去分词作插入语 / 状语用法表 此表格聚焦过去分词 “作插入语”“作状语” 的高频场景，明确插入语的固定短语、状语的逻辑关系及形式变化，是语法填空和写作的重点考点。 功能 结构规则 适用场景 示例（结合文档） 作插入语 固定过去分词短语 + 逗号，独立于主句语法结构，不影响主句成分 补充说话人态度、背景信息或提供条件 / 对比 1. Compared with last year（与去年相比） 2. Given their experience（鉴于他们的经验） 3. Frankly speaking（老实说） 作状语 1. 直接用过去分词：逻辑主语为句子主语，表被动关系（时间 / 原因 / 条件 / 伴随等） 2. “be + 过去分词 + 介词” 省 be：直接用 “过去分词 + 介词” 结构（如 absorbed in, faced with） 描述句子主语的被动动作或状态，简化状语从句 1. Surprised by the noise（因被噪音吓到） 2. Absorbed in painting（专注于绘画） 3. Faced with the emergency（面临紧急情况） 注意事项： 1. 插入语的独立性：必须用逗号与主句隔开，不可省略（错误：Compared with last year this project is complex；正确：Compared with last year, this project is complex）； 2. 状语的逻辑主语：句子主语必须是过去分词动作的承受者，否则需调整句子结构（错误：Surprised by the noise, the room fell silent；正确：Surprised by the noise, the baby started to cry——“surprised” 的承受者是 “baby”，不是 “room”）； 3. “be + 过去分词 + 介词” 的固定性：此类短语（如 addicted to, used to）作状语时必须省 be 动词，不可保留（错误：As he is absorbed in painting；正确：Absorbed in painting）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. ________ (compare) with the traditional method, the new technology is more efficient and cost-saving. 2. ________ (face) with a difficult choice, he had to ask his parents for advice. 3. ________ (give) his poor health, he decided to retire early from his job. 4. ________ (surprise) by the sudden visit of her friend, she quickly tidied up the house. 5. ________ (frank) speaking, I don’t think the new policy will work well in this area. 五、过去分词与状语从句省略用法表 此表格梳理过去分词与状语从句省略的规则，明确省略条件、主动 / 被动形式及特殊禁忌，解决 “何时可省主语和 be 动词”“before/after 后接动名词” 等细节问题。 类型 结构规则 核心逻辑 示例（结合文档） 被动省略 从属连词（when/if/although/unless 等）+ 过去分词： 前提：主从句主语一致，且从句含 be 动词，省 “主语 + be” 主句主语与从句动作被动关系，简化被动状语从句 1. Unless repaired immediately（除非立即被修理） 2. When asked about the accident（当被问及事故时） 主动省略 从属连词 + 现在分词： 前提：主从句主语一致，且从句含 be 动词，省 “主语 + be” 主句主语与从句动作主动关系，简化主动状语从句 1. When walking in the park（当在公园散步时） 2. While reading the book（当读这本书时） 特殊禁忌 before/after 后接动词：仅接动名词（doing），不可接分词省略形式（doing/done） before/after 为介词，需接名词性成分（动名词） 1. Before making the decision（做决定前） 2. After finishing homework（完成作业后） 注意事项： 1. 省略的前提：必须满足 “主从句主语一致” 或 “从句含 it is”，否则不可省略（错误：While repaired, the machine was checked；正确：While the machine was repaired, it was checked—— 主语不一致，不可省）； 2. 主动 / 被动的选择：根据主句主语与动作的关系判断，被动用过去分词，主动用现在分词（错误：If praised, he will work hard（主动）；正确：If praising others, he will work hard（主动，他表扬别人）/If praised, he will work hard（被动，他被表扬））； 3. before/after 的介词属性：二者后接动词时只能用动名词，不可按省略规则接分词（错误：After repaired, the car was returned；正确：After being repaired, the car was returned）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. When ________ (ask) about his future plans, the young man said he wanted to start his own business. 2. While ________ (read) the novel, she couldn’t help crying at the sad ending. 3. Before ________ (make) a final decision, please consider all the possible consequences. 4. If ________ (treat) properly, the wound may get infected and cause more problems. 5. After ________ (finish) the work ahead of schedule, the team members were allowed to take a few days off. 一、语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·广东·二模）The violet silk gown, mistakenly (identify) as a royal Japanese dress, is in fact a traditional Chinese Hanfu. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．（2025·河北衡水·二模）The photo on the wall always keeps him (remind) of his dream. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）The systems provide slow-motion replays of athletes’ performances, (offer) global viewers a more immersive experience by transforming live footage into precise 3D models. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．（2025·广东·二模）Fortunately, there is a huge industry of plastic-free products (target) at eco-conscious consumers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights, thus (warm) the house. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem (call) caffeinism. （所给词的适当形式填空） 7．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）The device could be helpful in areas (locate) far from a power grid (电网).(所给词的适当形式填空) 8．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Just then, some kids ran at him, (knock) his books out of his arms. （所给词的适当形式填空） 9．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）Beijing Olympic Park, also (know) as the Olympic Green, is located in Chaoyang District, Beijing, with a total land area of 11.59 square kilometers. （所给词的适当形式填空） 10．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）After all, they are not cities (describe) as dynamic (充满活力的). (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）Of course, each person’s comfort food largely depends on the place where they come — for a Chinese it might be a plate of dumplings with a saucer of vinegar, and for a native of the UK it might be the classic fish and chips, (serve) hot, salty and sour. （所给词的适当形式填空） 12．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）One theory, increasingly   (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）I joined in a marathon   (host) by the city sports club. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Jackboot had to teach in Belgium. His pupils spoke only Flemish, and he spoke only French. He gave his students a novel (write) in his mother tongue and a French dictionary. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Whatever you define success, remember, we are born to live the lives we truly want and deserve, but not just the lives (settle) for us. (所给词的适当形式填空) Passage 1 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 1 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 2 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 3 (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 4 Romeo and Juliet.” A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 5 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 6 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 7 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 8 (find)the connection between the two great writers. 9 (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 10 see how Tang’s play was being performed.” Passage 2 （2024·广东江苏·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 1 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 3 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 4 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6 first time. These plants included modern Western 7 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 8 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 9 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10 (rich) of gardening in England. Passage 3 （2025·河北·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Copper cash (铜钱) is the general term of Chinese ancient currency made of copper which turned up in the Qin Dynasty (221 BC — 206 BC), a dynasty leaving 1 (vary) treasures to Chinese people, such as the Great Wall and the Terracotta Army. The copper coin originated from “huan cash”, a kind of ancient copper coin with ring shape used in the Warring States Period 2 lasted from 475 BC to 221 BC． 3 (general) speaking, most of the copper coins 4 (be) round and there is a square hole in the center of the coin-hence there is another Chinese name called “fangkong cash” (fangkong mean square hole). People can distinguish different kinds of copper coins by the letters 5 (mark) on the coins. These letters always refer to the royal title in different 6 (dynasty), such as “Qianlong Tongbao” and “Yongzheng Tongbao” in the Qing Dynasty (1616 — 1911) . The earliest copper coin is called “ban liang qian”, or Ban Liang coins, which emerged and began to circulate (流通) in 7 whole country following the foundation of the Qin Dynasty. Ban Liang coins were more material-economical 8 any other coin circulating at that time and the square hole was easier 9 (make). This revealed that people at that time valued efficiency, which could 10 (see) in the wonder of the Terracotta Army as well. Passage 4 （2025·福建泉州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 2018, a remarkable project began in Egypt’s Minya Province. The $1 billion Sugar Canal project, 1 (lead) by Chinese, Egyptian, and UAE companies, aimed to turn 76,000 hectares of desert into farmland. Chinese firm ZPEC took on the key task of drilling wells to bring underground water to the surface, 2 mission that seemed impossible in the dry land. At first, the team faced huge challenges. The first well took them nearly two months 3 (complete), but they now finish a well in just 10 to 15 days with advanced technology. Most workers are Egyptian, trained by Chinese 4 (technician). “It’s all part of the Belt and Road cooperation,” said Li Wei, ZPEC’s manager. Now, over 150 wells have been drilled, watering crops like sugar beets, alfalfa, and barley. 5 (incredible), beet productivity has risen by 50% in just one year. The project also includes a sugar factory built by Chinese companies, 6 produces 900 tons of white sugar every year. This not only boosts Egypt’s food 7 (secure) but also creates thousands of jobs, bringing new life to local communities. “This project is a game-changer for desert regions,” said Ahmed Soliman, ZPEC’s base manager. The once-deserted land turns green 8 water flowing from new wells. It's a real-life story of hope in the heart of the desert, 9 (prove) that even the hardest (最恶劣的) environments can eventually 10 (transform) through international partnership and innovation. Passage 5 （2025·福建福州·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Matcha (抹茶), 1 dynamic green powdered tea, traces its roots not to Japan, but to ancient China. Its story begins in the Tang Dynasty, when tea leaves were steamed, dried, and ground into powder for easy storage and transport. 2 the Song Dynasty, it had flourished as a cultural icon: emperors and scholars alike embraced “diancha” (whisked matcha), a ceremony blending with artistry mindfulness, 3 tea masters whipped the powder with hot water to create a fragrant brew. Crafting Chinese matcha is a labor of 4 (precise). Only young, tender leaves from specific tea bushes 5 (harvest) in spring. They’re quickly steamed to suspend oxidation, 6 (preserve) their vivid color and nutrients, then dried and stone-ground into a fine powder — traditionally using granite mills (花岗岩磨粉机), which gently crush the leaves   7 generating heat that would decrease flavor. Unlike 8 (it) Japanese counterpart (对应物，指抹茶), Chinese matcha often carries earthier flavors, reflecting diverse terroirs (风土) from Zhejiang’s misty hills to Fujian’s fertile 9 (valley). Today, it bridges tradition and modernity: drunk in classical tea ceremonies, stirred into lattes (拿铁), or folded into desserts, reigniting interest among younger generations. More than a drink, Chinese matcha is a living heritage — a sip of history 10 (steep) in centuries of craftsmanship and culture. Passage 6 （2025·河北·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Ru porcelain (汝瓷), celebrated for its unique light blue glaze, 1 (prize) during the Song Dynasty (960-1279). Although Ru porcelain once 2 (flood) the market around 1100, it has become extremely rare today. Thanks to the efforts of Ru porcelain inheritors (继承者), people can now appreciate it much closer than before. Li Chao, born in Ruzhou, Henan Province, has devoted ten years to 3 (perfect) his craft. Creating Ru porcelain involves 72 steps, the first of 4 is kneading (揉) the clay. “Any small error could lead to disaster,” the 41-year-old inheritor said. He then highlighted the critical importance of patience in 5 process. Every item of artwork fully deserves our admiration. As the techniques for making Ru porcelain face the risk of being lost with the passing of 6 (experience) artisans, Li is committed to preserving and promoting this tradition. He is 7 (active) working to introduce Ru porcelain to a broader audience by integrating it into contemporary daily supplies, particularly 8 (target) younger generations. Li’s ambition extends beyond national 9 (border), aiming to share the beauty and craftsmanship of Ru porcelain 10 the world. 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $