第11讲 现在分词-核心语法 重难点专项突破 2026届高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）

高考核心语法·精练 第11讲 现在分词2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、现在分词基础形式表 此表格梳理现在分词的五大核心形式（否定式、一般式、被动式、完成式、完成被动式），明确各形式的结构、语义及适用场景，是掌握现在分词变形与功能的基础，可直接用于判断不同语境下分词的正确形式选择。 形式类别 结构（以动词 do 为例） 核心语义 高频示例 否定式 not doing 表 “未做 / 不做”，否定动作本身 Not knowing his address, I couldn’t visit him.（因不知道他的地址，我没法拜访他） 一般式（主动） doing 表 “主动、与主句动作同时发生” He stormed out, slamming the door.（他气冲冲地摔门而去） 被动式 being done 表 “被动、与主句动作同时发生” Being treated in the hospital, he missed the exam.（因正在医院接受治疗，他错过了考试） 完成式（主动） having done 表 “主动、先于主句动作发生” Having read the book, he wrote a review.（读完这本书后，他写了一篇评论） 完成被动式 having been done 表 “被动、先于主句动作发生” Having been told the news, she burst into tears.（被告知那个消息后，她大哭起来） 注意事项： 1. 否定词位置：“not” 必须置于现在分词之前，不可后置（错误：doing not；正确：not doing）； 2. 完成式的动作逻辑：仅当分词动作 “明确先于主句动作” 时才用 having done/having been done，无先后顺序则用一般式（错误：Doing the work, he went home；正确：Having done the work, he went home——“完成工作” 先于 “回家”）； 3. 被动式的场景限制：being done 仅表 “被动且与主句动作同时”，若表 “被动且已完成” 需用过去分词（错误：The book being written last year is popular；正确：The book written last year is popular）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. ________ (know) anything about the accident, he couldn’t give any useful information to the police. 【答案】Not knowing 【解析】考查现在分词否定式。句意：由于对这起事故一无所知，他无法向警方提供任何有用信息。主语 “he” 与 “know” 为主动关系，需用现在分词作原因状语；根据 “否定式” 规则，“not” 需置于现在分词前，故填 Not knowing。 2. The workers left the factory, ________ (talk) and laughing all the way. 【答案】talking 【解析】考查现在分词一般式。句意：工人们离开了工厂，一路上有说有笑。“talk” 与主语 “workers” 为主动关系，且与 “left” 动作同时发生，符合 “一般式（主动）” 表 “主动、与主句动作同时” 的规则，故填 talking。 3. The meeting ________ (hold) now is of great importance to our company. 【答案】being held 【解析】考查现在分词被动式。句意：现在正在召开的会议对我们公司至关重要。“meeting” 与 “hold” 为被动关系，且 “hold” 动作正在进行，符合 “被动式” 表 “被动、与主句动作同时” 的规则，故填 being held。 4. ________ (finish) his homework, Tom went out to play basketball with his friends. 【答案】Having finished 【解析】考查现在分词完成式。句意：完成作业后，汤姆出去和朋友们打篮球了。“finish” 动作先于 “went out”，且主语 “Tom” 与 “finish” 为主动关系，符合 “完成式（主动）” 表 “主动、先于主句动作” 的规则，故填 Having finished。 5. ________ (tell) many times, he still forgot to bring the important document to the office. 【答案】Having been told 【解析】考查现在分词完成被动式。句意：尽管被告知过很多次，他还是忘了把重要文件带到办公室。“he” 与 “tell” 为被动关系，且 “tell” 动作先于 “forgot”，符合 “完成被动式” 表 “被动、先于主句动作” 的规则，故填 Having been told。 二、现在分词作定语用法表 此表格聚焦现在分词 “作定语” 的四类核心场景，覆盖单个分词、分词短语、特殊动词短语及被动进行式的用法，明确定语位置、语义逻辑及特殊规则，解决 “分词前置 / 后置”“特殊短语变形” 等高频易错点。 定语类型 结构规则 适用场景 示例 单个现在分词（前置） 单个动词 - ing 置于名词前，表 “主动、正在进行” 修饰名词，简洁说明动作或性质 1. the sleeping child（正在睡觉的孩子） 2. a winding path（蜿蜒的小路） 现在分词短语（后置） 动词 - ing 短语置于名词后，表 “主动、正在进行” 修饰名词，需完整说明动作细节 1. the girl sitting by the window（坐在窗边的女孩） 2. the boy playing football on the playground（在操场踢足球的男孩） 特殊动词 / 短语作定语 1. measure/weigh 表 “测量 / 称重”：仅用现在分词 2. belong to/date from/consist of 等短语：仅用现在分词 1. 描述物体尺寸、重量 2. 表 “属于、追溯、组成” 等固定逻辑 1. a rope measuring 50 meters（50 米长的绳子） 2. a temple dating from the Ming Dynasty（明代的寺庙） 3. a team consisting of 5 doctors（由 5 名医生组成的团队） 被动进行式作定语 being done 置于名词后，表 “被动、正在进行” 修饰名词，说明 “动作正在被执行” 1. the experiment being conducted in the lab（实验室里正在进行的实验） 2. the novel being written by the author（作者正在写的小说） 注意事项： 1. 分词位置：单个分词需前置，短语需后置，不可混淆（错误：the sitting by the window girl；正确：the girl sitting by the window）； 2. 特殊短语的固定性：belong to/date from 等短语无被动形式，作定语时必须用现在分词，不可用过去分词（错误：a temple dated from the Ming Dynasty；正确：a temple dating from the Ming Dynasty）； 3. 禁忌规则：having done/having been done 不可作定语，表 “被动且正在进行” 只能用 being done（错误：the experiment having been conducted；正确：the experiment being conducted）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. We walked along a ________ (wind) path through the forest and finally reached the cottage. 【答案】winding 【解析】考查单个现在分词作前置定语。句意：我们沿着一条蜿蜒的小路穿过森林，最终到达了小屋。根据 “单个现在分词（前置）” 规则，单个 - ing 形式置于名词前表 “性质”，“wind” 需变形为 “winding”（蜿蜒的）修饰 “path”，故填 winding。 2. The student ________ (answer) the teacher’s questions now is my deskmate. 【答案】answering 【解析】考查现在分词短语作后置定语。句意：现在正在回答老师问题的学生是我的同桌。“student” 与 “answer” 为主动关系，“answering the teacher’s questions now” 为分词短语，符合 “现在分词短语（后置）” 表 “主动、正在进行” 的规则，故填 answering。 3. This old tree ________ (date) from the Tang Dynasty has become a symbol of our town. 【答案】dating 【解析】考查特殊短语作定语。句意：这棵可追溯到唐代的古树已成为我们镇的象征。根据 “特殊动词 / 短语作定语” 规则，“date from” 作定语时仅用现在分词，“tree” 与 “date from” 为主动关系，故填 dating。 4. The bridge ________ (measure) 800 meters long connects the two cities across the river. 【答案】measuring 【解析】考查特殊动词作定语。句意：这座长 800 米的桥连接着河对岸的两座城市。根据规则，“measure” 表 “测量” 时作定语仅用现在分词，“bridge” 与 “measure” 为主动关系，故填 measuring。 5. The project ________ (conduct) by the research team now will help solve the environmental problem. 【答案】being conducted 【解析】考查被动进行式作定语。句意：研究团队目前正在进行的项目将有助于解决这个环境问题。“project” 与 “conduct” 为被动关系，且 “conduct” 动作正在进行，符合 “被动进行式作定语” 表 “被动、正在进行” 的规则，故填 being conducted。 三、现在分词作表语 / 补足语用法表 此表格梳理现在分词 “作表语”“作补足语” 的两类功能，明确表语的语义特征、补足语的适用动词及结构，区分现在分词与过去分词的语义差异，解决 “令人……/ 感到……”“主动 / 被动补足” 等易混点。 功能 结构规则 核心语义 示例 作表语 动词 - ing 置于系动词（be/sound/become 等）后 表 “主语的性质 / 特征”，译为 “令人……” 1. The idea sounds exciting.（这个主意听起来令人兴奋） 2. The situation is becoming alarming.（局势正变得令人担忧） 作补足语 1. 观感使役类动词 + 宾语 + doing： （notice/hear/see/watch/feel 等） 2. with + 名词 + doing 1. 表 “宾语主动发出动作” 2. 表 “名词主动发出动作”，构成 with 复合结构 1. I noticed children playing in the park.（我注意到孩子们在公园玩耍） 2. She stood with tears rolling down her cheeks.（她站着，眼泪顺着脸颊滚落） 注意事项： 1. 表语的语义区分：现在分词表 “令人……”（主语多为物），过去分词表 “感到……”（主语多为人），不可混淆（错误：He was exciting；正确：He was excited——“exciting” 表 “令人兴奋的”，“excited” 表 “感到兴奋的”）； 2. 补足语的主动 / 被动：现在分词表 “主动”，若表 “被动” 需用过去分词（错误：I heard the song singing；正确：I heard the song sung——“song” 是 “被唱”，用过去分词）； 3. with 复合结构的逻辑：“with + 名词 + doing” 中，名词需是动作的发出者（主动），若为承受者需用过去分词（错误：with the problem solving；正确：with the problem solved）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The new movie is so ________ (excite) that it has attracted millions of viewers since it was released. 【答案】exciting 【解析】考查现在分词作表语。句意：这部新电影非常令人兴奋，自上映以来已经吸引了数百万观众。根据 “作表语” 规则，-ing 形式置于系动词后表 “主语（物）的性质，令人……”，“excite” 需变形为 “exciting”，故填 exciting。 2. I heard my neighbor ________ (sing) a popular song when I passed his house yesterday. 【答案】singing 【解析】考查现在分词作补足语。句意：昨天我经过邻居家时，听到他正在唱一首流行歌曲。根据 “观感使役类动词 + 宾语 + doing” 规则，“neighbor” 与 “sing” 为主动关系，表 “动作正在进行”，故填 singing。 3. The news about the new policy became ________ (surprise) as more details were released. 【答案】surprising 【解析】考查现在分词作表语。句意：随着更多细节的公布，关于新政策的消息变得令人惊讶。主语 “news” 为物，需用 - ing 形式表 “令人……”，符合 “作表语” 规则，“surprise” 变形为 “surprising”，故填 surprising。 4. The teacher stood in the classroom with her students ________ (discuss) the difficult problem. 【答案】discussing 【解析】考查现在分词构成 with 复合结构。句意：老师站在教室里，学生们正在讨论这道难题。根据 “with + 名词 + doing” 规则，“students” 与 “discuss” 为主动关系，表 “名词主动发出动作”，故填 discussing。 5. We watched the children ________ (fly) kites in the square and felt very happy. 【答案】flying 【解析】考查现在分词作补足语。句意：我们看着孩子们在广场上放风筝，感到非常开心。根据 “观感使役类动词 + 宾语 + doing” 规则，“children” 与 “fly” 为主动关系，表 “动作正在进行”，故填 flying。 四、现在分词作插入语 / 状语用法表 此表格聚焦现在分词 “作插入语”“作状语” 的高频场景，明确插入语的固定短语、状语的逻辑关系及形式变化，解决 “插入语独立语法地位”“状语动作先后逻辑” 等难点，是语法填空和写作的重点考点。 功能 结构规则 适用场景 示例 作插入语 固定现在分词短语 + 逗号，独立于主句语法结构 补充说话人态度、背景或话题转换 1. Frankly speaking, the movie wasn’t good.（老实说，这部电影不好看） 2. Judging from his accent, he is from the south.（从口音判断，他来自南方） 3. Talking of travel, have you been to Japan?（谈到旅行，你去过日本吗？） 作状语 1. 一般式：doing（与主句动作同时） 2. 完成式：having done（先于主句动作） 3. 否定式：not doing/not having done 表时间、原因、伴随、结果等逻辑，主语与分词动作主动 1. Walking along the street, I met an old friend.（在街上走时，我遇到一位老朋友） 2. Having finished homework, he watched TV.（完成作业后，他开始看电视） 3. Not knowing his number, I couldn’t call him.（不知道他的号码，我没法打电话） 注意事项： 1. 插入语的独立性：插入语与主句用逗号隔开，不影响主句语法结构，不可省略逗号（错误：Judging from his accent he is from the south；正确：Judging from his accent, he is from the south）； 2. 状语的动作逻辑：主句主语必须是分词动作的发出者，否则需调整句子结构（错误：Walking along the street, an old friend met me；正确：Walking along the street, I met an old friend——“walking” 的发出者是 “我”，不是 “老朋友”）； 3. 状语的否定位置：“not” 需置于分词前，不可置于其后（错误：Doing not homework, he played；正确：Not doing homework, he played）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. ________ (frank) speaking, I don’t think this plan is practical enough to be carried out. 【答案】Frankly 【解析】考查现在分词短语作插入语。句意：老实说，我认为这个计划不够可行，难以实施。根据 “作插入语” 规则，“Frankly speaking” 为固定现在分词短语，独立于主句，故填 Frankly。 2. ________ (judge) from the look on her face, she must have received good news. 【答案】Judging 【解析】考查现在分词短语作插入语。句意：从她脸上的表情判断，她一定收到了好消息。“Judging from” 为固定插入语，无需考虑与主语的逻辑关系，符合 “作插入语” 规则，故填 Judging。 3. ________ (walk) in the park yesterday, I came across my former English teacher. 【答案】Walking 【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句意：昨天在公园散步时，我偶遇了我以前的英语老师。“walk” 与主句主语 “I” 为主动关系，且与 “came across” 动作同时发生，符合 “状语一般式” 表 “主动、与主句动作同时” 的规则，故填 Walking。 4. ________ (not have) enough time, they couldn’t finish the task before the deadline. 【答案】Not having 【解析】考查现在分词否定式作状语。句意：由于没有足够的时间，他们无法在截止日期前完成任务。“have” 与主语 “they” 为主动关系，且 “not” 需置于分词前，符合 “状语否定式” 规则，故填 Not having。 5. ________ (talk) of hobbies, my brother is very interested in collecting stamps. 【答案】Talking 【解析】考查现在分词短语作插入语。句意：谈到爱好，我弟弟对集邮非常感兴趣。“Talking of” 为固定插入语，用于话题转换，符合 “作插入语” 规则，故填 Talking。 五、现在分词与状语从句省略用法表 此表格梳理现在分词与状语从句省略的规则，明确省略条件、主动 / 被动形式及特殊禁忌，解决 “何时可省略主语和 be 动词”“before/after 后接动名词” 等细节问题，适用于长难句简化及语法填空的细节判断。 类型 结构规则 核心逻辑 示例 主动省略 从属连词（while/when/if 等）+ doing： （主从句主语一致，省主语 + be 动词） 表 “主句主语主动发出从句动作” 1. While studying, I listen to light music.（=While I am studying...） 2. If working hard, you will succeed.（=If you are working hard...） 被动省略 从属连词（while/when/if 等）+ 过去分词： （主从句主语一致，省主语 + be 动词） 表 “主句主语被动承受从句动作” 1. When asked about the accident, he kept silent.（=When he was asked...） 2. If painted green, the door looks better.（=If the door is painted green...） 特殊禁忌 before/after 后接动词：仅接动名词（doing），不可接分词省略形式 表 “动作先后”，before/after 为介词 1. After winning the competition, he became confident.（不可说 After winning...） 2. The document needs review before being submitted.（=before it is submitted） 注意事项： 1. 省略的前提：必须满足 “主从句主语一致” 或 “从句含 it is”，否则不可省略（错误：While walking, my bag was lost；正确：While I was walking, my bag was lost—— 主语不一致，不可省略）； 2. 主动 / 被动的选择：根据主句主语与动作的关系判断，主动用 doing，被动用过去分词（错误：While asked, he spoke；正确：While asking, he spoke——“he” 是 “问” 的发出者，用主动）； 3. before/after 的特殊性：二者后接动词时是介词，需接动名词（doing），不可按省略规则接分词（错误：After finish homework；正确：After finishing homework）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. While ________ (study) for the exam, she often listens to light music to relax. 【答案】studying 【解析】考查主动省略。句意：在为考试学习时，她经常听轻音乐放松。主从句主语均为 “she”，“she” 与 “study” 为主动关系，符合 “从属连词 + doing” 的主动省略规则，故填 studying。 2. When ________ (ask) about his dream job, the boy said he wanted to be a doctor. 【答案】asked 【解析】考查被动省略。句意：当被问及理想工作时，男孩说他想成为一名医生。主从句主语均为 “the boy”，“the boy” 与 “ask” 为被动关系，符合 “从属连词 + 过去分词” 的被动省略规则，故填 asked。 3. After ________ (win) the singing competition, she became more confident in public. 【答案】winning 【解析】考查 before/after 后接动名词。句意：赢得歌唱比赛后，她在公众面前变得更自信了。根据 “特殊禁忌” 规则，after 为介词，后接动词需用动名词形式，故填 winning。 4. If ________ (work) hard, you will surely achieve your goals in the near future. 【答案】working 【解析】考查主动省略。句意：如果努力工作，你在不久的将来一定会实现目标。主从句主语均为 “you”，“you” 与 “work” 为主动关系，符合 “从属连词 + doing” 的主动省略规则，故填 working。 5. Before ________ (submit) the report, please check all the data carefully. 【答案】submitting 【解析】考查 before/after 后接动名词。句意：提交报告前，请仔细检查所有数据。根据 “特殊禁忌” 规则，before 为介词，后接动词需用动名词形式，故填 submitting。 一、语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·河北衡水·三模） (obey) the teacher’s instruction, the students began the experiment carefully. 【答案】Obeying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们遵照老师的指示，认真地开始了实验。句中已有谓语动词“began”，此处为非谓语，且与主语“the students”之间是主动关系，需用现在分词作状语；所给词obey的现在分词为obeying，且位于句首首字母需大写。故填Obeying。 2．（2025·河北衡水·二模） (surround) the old castle, the river adds a touch of mystery to the historic site. 【答案】Surrounding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：环绕着这座古老的城堡，这条河给这个历史遗迹增添了一抹神秘色彩。“(surround) the old castle”作伴随状语，surround (环绕) 用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语the river之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Surrounding。 3．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The manager was satisfied to see many new products (develop) after great effort. 【答案】developed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：经理很满意地看到，经过努力，许多新产品被开发出来。develop在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语products构成被动关系，故用过去分词developed作宾补。故填developed。 4．（2025高三上·江苏·专题练习）The president agreed, (add) that he hope for a peaceful solution. 【答案】adding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：总统表示同意，并补充说他希望和平解决。句子的谓语动词是 agreed，add 在句中应用非谓语动词形式，add 与逻辑主语 president 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系关系，应用现在分词 adding 作状语。故填 adding。 5．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Amy was so angry that she avoided talking with Jenny during the day. She was at a loss to do next. 【答案】what 【详解】考查特殊疑问词。句意：艾米非常生气，白天她避免和珍妮说话。她不知道下一步该做什么。根据空后的“to do”可知，空处应用特殊疑问代词what，what作do的宾语，与to do构成“特殊疑问词+不定式”的结构，作宾语，表示“不知道下一步该做什么”。故填what。 6．（2025高三上·江苏·专题练习） (allow) for the bad weather, we should set off right now. 【答案】Allowing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：考虑到恶劣的天气，我们应该马上出发。allow在此处用作非谓语动词，allow for表示“考虑到”，allow与we是主动关系，应使用现在分词形式作状语。首字母大写。故填Allowing。 7．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）I saw some elderly people (practice) Tai Chi slowly. I stopped and watched their movements closely. 【答案】practicing 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：我看见一些老人正在缓慢地打太极。我停下来仔细观察他们的动作。该句含有“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾语some elderly people与practice是逻辑上的主谓关系，且根据语境表正在发生的动作，所以用现在分词做宾补。故填practicing。 8．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）In his lecture, he appealed to the teachers (reduce) the learning burden of schoolchildren. 【答案】to reduce 【详解】考查非谓语动词。意：在他的讲座中，他呼吁老师们减轻学童的学习负担。appeal to sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“呼吁某人做某事”，这里用动词不定式to reduce作宾语补足语 。故填to reduce。 9．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）He passed me and then turned back, (look) at me with a smile. 【答案】looking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他从我身边经过，然后转过身来，微笑着看着我。空处填非谓语动词，He与look在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词，作状语。故填looking。 10．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Try not to your baby too much before bedtime.(excited) 【答案】excite 【详解】考查动词。句意：在睡前尽量不要让宝宝过于兴奋。后跟名词作宾语，应用动词excite，此处为不定式作宾语，应填原形。故填excite。 11．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）It is the most urgent threat (face) our entire species, and we need to work collectively together and stop procrastinating（拖延）. 【答案】facing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：气候变化是我们所有生物所面临的最严峻的考验，我们需要通力合作，刻不容缓。分析句子可知，“(face) our entire species”作后置定语，修饰threat，threat与face之间是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，故填facing。 12．（2023高三·上海·专题练习） (not do) anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. 【答案】Not having done 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我以前没有做过这样的事情，不知道会得到什么样的反应。根据句子结构可知，此处考查非谓语动词，do与逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，应用现在分词；根据前半句的时间状语before，表明非谓语动词发生在主句谓语动作之前，应用现在分词的完成式。设空处在句首，单词首字母要大写。故填Not having done。 13．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Photos of various tree leaves packaged in plastic bags and arranged as flower bouquets went hot on social media lately, (cause) complaints because of the product’s price, six British pounds. 【答案】causing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，用塑料袋包装成花束的各种树叶的照片在社交媒体上走红，因该产品的售价为6英镑而引发投诉。分析句子结构可知，动词cause在句中应用非谓语动词形式，逗号后表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语。故填causing。 14．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Creator is not alone. Other robot chefs have already been working, (prepare) entire meals, or soon will be, in kitchens in other parts of the world. 【答案】preparing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：创造者并不孤单。其他机器人厨师已经在工作，准备全套饭菜，或者很快就会在世界其他地方的厨房里工作。本句已经有谓语，所以空处填非谓语，Other robot chefs 与prepare在逻辑上是主动关系，应填现在分词。故填preparing。 15．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）“ (compare) yourself with them, you might feel devalued because you’re not very pretty.” 【答案】Comparing 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：“把自己和他们比较，你可能会觉得自己被贬低了，因为你不漂亮”。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作状语，因compare和逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填Comparing。 Passage 1 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 1 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 2 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 3 (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 4 Romeo and Juliet.” A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 5 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 6 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 7 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 8 (find)the connection between the two great writers. 9 (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 10 see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【答案】 1. who 2. themes 3. were 4. to 5. inspired 6. was built 7. visibility 8. to find 9. Recalling 10. and 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联系和共同点，并展示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德，且说明了这种联系对于提高斯特拉特福德国际知名度的重要性。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 2. 考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。 3. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 4. 考查固定短语。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。故填to。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 6. 考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 7. 考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 10. 考查连词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。 【点睛】 Passage 2 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 1 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 2 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 3 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 4 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 5 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 6 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 7 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 8 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 9 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 10 (want) more next time. 【答案】 1. tasty 2. to bite 3. or 4. recognized 5. by 6. to be lifted 7. their 8. a 9. rarely 10. wanting 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。 1. 考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。 3. 考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语，故填recognized。 5. 考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted，故填to be lifted。 7. 考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their，故填their。 8. 考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数，故填a。 9. 考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting，故填wanting。 【点睛】 Passage 3 （2024·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought 1 myself, “Why would he carry all his books? ” Just then, some kids ran at him, 2 (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I 3 (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 【答案】1. to 2. knocking 3. jogged 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者为一个掉落东西的男孩提供帮助的故事。 1. 考查介词。句意：我心想，“他为什么要把所有的书都拿着？”think to oneself为固定搭配，表示“心想，暗想”，符合语境。故填to。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。 3. 考查时态。句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。 【点睛】 Passage 4 （2025·湖南·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 A pioneering international initiative for hadal zone (超深渊带) exploration, led by Chinese scientists, has received official 1 (approve) from the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030). The Global Hadal Exploration Programme (GHEP), with the Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering (IDSSE) serving as its head, seeks to transform fragmented hadal research into a coordinated global mission to explore, understand 2 protect the planet’s most inaccessible marine ecosystems. The hadal zone, 3 is characterized by extreme depths and pressures, darkness, low temperatures, frequent earthquakes and peculiar living forms, 4 (comprise) ocean trenches (海沟), particularly from a depth of 6,000 meters 5 the bottom of the ocean at about 11,000 meters. For a long time, the hadal trenches have been among the most under-explored and mysterious areas on Earth due to technological limitations. China has been a key 6 (drive) force of deep-sea exploration over the past decade through sustained sci-tech advancements. In 2014, 7 (follow) the launch of the Hadal Science and Technology Programme, researchers carried out a historic dive to the Mariana Trench’s 10,000-meter depths. Then, the Global Trench Dive and Exploration Programme 8 (conduct), with the help of its cutting-edge manned submersible Fendouzhe and the Tansuo research vessels. To date, Chinese scientists have partnered 145 researchers from 10 countries, exploring nine hadal trenches worldwide, the Mariana, the Kermadec and Puysegur trenches 9 (include). From this year on, GHEP will 10 (primary) integrate international research on extreme environments, life evolution and geological (地质的) processes in the hadal zone. 【答案】 1. approval 2. and 3. which 4. comprises 5. to 6. driving 7. following 8. was conducted 9. included 10. primarily 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍由中国科学家牵头的“全球深渊探测计划(GHEP)”获联合国相关官方批准, 其目标是将零散的超深渊带研究整合为全球协同任务, 以探索、了解并保护这一特殊海洋生态系统。 1. 考查名词。句意：由中国科学家牵头的一项具有开创性的超深渊带国际探索倡议，已获得联合国“海洋科学促进可持续发展十年Passage 5 （2021 - 2030）”的官方批准。此处需要名词作received的宾语，approve的名词形式为approval，official approval表示“官方批准”。故填approval。 2. 考查连词。句意：全球超深渊带探索计划（GHEP）以深海科学与工程研究所（IDSSE）为牵头单位，致力于将分散的超深渊带研究转变为一项协调统一的全球任务，旨在探索、了解并保护地球上最难以抵达的海洋生态系统。“explore” “understand” “protect”是三个并列的动词原形，动词不定式作“mission”的后置定语，故用并列连词 and 连接。故填and。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：超深渊带具有深度极大、压力极高、环境黑暗、温度低、地震频发以及生物形态特殊等特征，其范围涵盖各类海沟，具体而言，是从6000米深度延伸至约11000米的海洋最底部。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 The hadal zone，从句中缺少主语，且先行词指物，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意同上。句子主语为“The hadal zone”，是第三人称单数，且描述的是一个事实。故用一般现在时。故填comprises。 5. 考查介词。句意：超深渊带具有深度极大、压力极高、环境黑暗、温度低、地震频发以及生物形态特殊等特征，其范围涵盖各类海沟，具体而言，是从6000米深度延伸至约11000米的海洋最底部。固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”，此处指“从6000米深度到海洋底部约11000米处”。 故填to。 6. 考查形容词。句意：过去十年间，凭借持续的科技进步，中国已成为深海探索领域的核心推动力量。此处需用形容词修饰名词force，drive的形容词形式为driving，表示“起推动作用的”，“key driving force”意为“核心驱动力”。故填driving。 7. 考查介词。句意：2014年，在“深渊科学与技术计划”启动后，研究人员完成了对马里亚纳海沟10000米深度的历史性下潜。结合句意，表示“在……之后”用介词following。故填following。 8. 考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。句意：随后，依托尖端载人潜水器“奋斗者”号及“探索”号科考船，开展了“全球海沟下潜探测计划”。主语the Global Trench Dive and Exploration Programme为单数，与动词conduct之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态was conducted。故填was conducted。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：截至目前，中国科学家已与来自 10 个国家的 145 名研究人员开展合作，探索了全球 9 条超深渊海沟，包括马里亚纳海沟、克马德克海沟及普伊塞古尔海沟等。此处为“逻辑主语+过去分词”构成的独立主格结构，the Mariana, the Kermadec and Puysegur trenches与include之间是被动关系，故用过去分词included。故填included。 10. 考查副词。句意：从今年起，全球深渊探索计划（GHEP）将重点整合超深渊带极端环境、生命演化及地质过程领域的国际研究力量。此处需用副词修饰动词integrate，primary的副词形式为primarily。故填primarily。 Passage 6 （2025·浙江·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Woodcarving, an ancient craft with 1 (globe) cultural significance, involves shaping wood into delicate designs and figures. Dating back thousands of years in China, this art 2 (consider) a valuable traditional art, reflecting rich craftsmanship and symbolism. Craftsmen employ different techniques like relief carving and sculpture in the round, each 3 (require) distinct skills and tools. Faced with such demanding work, these craftsmen often remind 4 (they) to stay patient, as even a small mistake could ruin hours of work. At the same time, many traditional tools like gouges (凿子) remain essential, which demonstrates the craft’s respect for time-honored methods, 5 modern tools are gradually being adopted for efficiency. For example, in Chaoshan, Guangdong, woodcarving decorates furniture and temples, 6 (deep) serving both artistic and symbolic purposes. Ethnic groups like the Zhuang integrate traditional patterns that often describe traditional stories or natural elements, conveying 7 (wish) for happiness and harmony. Dongyang woodcarving, represented by the contemporary artist Lu Guangzheng, gains worldwide 8 (recognize). Today, woodcarving, 9 aim is to encourage new generations of craftsmen, adapts to modern trends when preserving tradition, standing 10 a living example of human creativity and cultural continuity. 【答案】 1. global 2. is considered 3. requiring 4. themselves 5. though/although/while 6. deeply 7. wishes 8. recognition 9. whose 10. as 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了木雕这一古老技艺。 1. 考查形容词。句意：木雕是一项具有全球文化意义的古老工艺，涉及将木材雕刻成精美的设计和造型。提示词修饰名词significance，用形容词global作定语，意为“全球的”。故填global。 2. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这项艺术在中国已有数千年的历史，被认为是一项宝贵的传统艺术，反映了丰富的工艺和象征意义。consider(认为)是谓语动词，与主语this art之间是被动关系，讲述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is considered。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：工匠们采用浮雕和圆雕等不同的技术，每种技术都需要不同的技能和工具。“(require) distinct skills and tools”作后置定语，require(需要)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语each之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填requiring。 4. 考查反身代词。句意：面对如此苛刻的工作，这些工匠经常提醒自己要保持耐心，因为即使是一个小错误也可能毁掉数小时的工作。代词they作宾语，与主语 these craftsmen是互指关系，用反身代词themselves作宾语，意为“他们自己”。故填themselves。 5. 考查让步状语从句。句意：同时，许多传统工具，如凿子，仍然是必不可少的，这表明了这门工艺对历史悠久的方法的尊重，尽管现代工具正逐渐被采用以提高效率。根据句意可知，逗号前后表示让步关系，用从属连词though/although/while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。故填though/although/while。 6. 考查副词。句意：例如，在广东潮汕，木雕装饰家具和寺庙，具有深厚的艺术和象征意义。提示词修饰动词serving，用副词deeply作状语，意为“深深地”，表示程度。故填deeply。 7. 考查名词复数。句意：壮族等民族融入了传统图案，这些图案常常描述传统故事或自然元素，传达了对幸福与和谐的祝愿。可数名词wish作宾语，意为“祝愿”，结合语境，“对幸福与和谐的祝愿”是复数概念，用复数形式。故填wishes。 8. 考查名词。句意：以当代艺术家卢光正为代表的东阳木雕获得了全世界的认可。提示词作宾语，用名词recognition，意为“认可”，是不可数名词。故填recognition。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：如今，木雕的目的是鼓励新一代工匠，在保留传统的同时适应现代潮流，成为人类创造力和文化延续性的一个活生生的例子。“_____ aim is to encourage new generations of craftsmen”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词woodcarving，关系词在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词aim，用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 10. 考查介词。句意：如今，木雕的目的是鼓励新一代工匠，在保留传统的同时适应现代潮流，成为人类创造力和文化延续性的一个活生生的例子。stand as是固定搭配，意为“作为……存在”。故填as。 Passage 7 （2025·广东中山·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 In a factory workshop in Huangchuan County, central China’s Henan Province, skillful workers stretch pieces of dough (面团) very carefully. They press and turn the dough into thin strips, and then use wooden sticks to pull them apart gently. These strips 1 (hang) to dry, and finally they become the famous hollow tribute noodles (空心贡面) of the area. Liu Laiwang, representative inheritor of the noodles and boss of a local food company, says, “Making these noodles 2 (be) my work since my childhood. They’re a special cultural treasure of Henan, carrying the 3 (wise) of many past generations. We must keep this skill alive and pass it on.” 4 (date) back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the noodle earned its name when it was presented 5 the emperor as a form of tribute. The noodles are made from high-quality wheat flour, sesame oil and salt, and their production involves more than ten steps. The noodles are very thin, with a hole in the middle. When 6 (cook), they stay firm and don’t get soft or 7 (stick). In recent years, Huangchuan has actively expanded its noodle industry, aiming to achieve both social and economic benefits. Liu’s company alone operates a 5,200-square-meter standardized facility with 8 annual production capacity of 3,000 tons. It has helped over 1,000 local families get out of poverty 9 given jobs to nearly 2,000 workers. China has many such special cultural treasures, more than 40 of 10 have been put on UNESCO’s important list, more than any other country in the world. 【答案】 1. are hung 2. has been 3. wisdom 4. Dating 5. to 6. cooked 7. sticky 8. an 9. and 10. which 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了河南省潢川县的空心贡面。 1. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这些面条被挂起来晾干，最后成为当地著名的空心贡面。hang(悬挂)是谓语动词，与主语“These strips”之间是被动关系，结合分句中“they become”可知，描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词也用复数形式。故填are hung。 2. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：做这些面条是我从小就一直在做的工作。系动词be作谓语，结合时间状语“since my childhood”可知，表示从过去持续到现在并且可能继续持续下去的动作，应用现在完成进行时态，动名词短语“Making these noodles”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has been。 3. 考查名词。句意：它们是河南的一种特殊文化瑰宝，承载着许多先辈的智慧。提示词作宾语，用名词wisdom，意为“智慧”，不可数名词。故填wisdom。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种面条可以追溯到唐朝(618-907)，当时它作为贡品进献给皇帝，因此得名。“(date) back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907)”作状语，date back to(追溯到)用非谓语动词形式，没有被动语态，作状语只能使用现在分词形式；句首单词首字母大写。故填Dating。 5. 考查介词。句意：这种面条可以追溯到唐朝(618-907)，当时它作为贡品进献给皇帝，因此得名。present...to...是固定短语，意为“把……进献给……”。故填to。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：煮熟后，它们保持坚硬，不会变软或粘在一起。“When _____ (cook)”作时间状语，cook(烹饪)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语“they”之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填cooked。 7. 考查形容词。句意：煮熟后，它们保持坚硬，不会变软或粘在一起。提示词与形容词soft是并列关系，作系动词get的表语，用形容词sticky，意为“粘的”。故填sticky。 8. 考查冠词。句意：仅刘的公司就经营着一个5200平方米的标准化工厂，年生产能力为3000吨。a capacity of...是固定短语，意为“……的生产能力/生产量”，且annual发音以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 9. 考查连词。句意：它帮助1000多个当地家庭摆脱了贫困，并为近2000名工人提供了就业机会。“has helped over...”和“given jobs...”是并列谓语，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 10. 考查定语从句。句意：中国有许多这样的特殊文化瑰宝，其中40多个已被列入联合国教科文组织的重要名录，比世界上任何其他国家都多。“more than 40 of _____ have been put on UNESCO’s important list”为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词treasures，指物，关系词将其代入定语从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 15 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考核心语法·精练 第11讲 现在分词2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、现在分词基础形式表 此表格梳理现在分词的五大核心形式（否定式、一般式、被动式、完成式、完成被动式），明确各形式的结构、语义及适用场景，是掌握现在分词变形与功能的基础，可直接用于判断不同语境下分词的正确形式选择。 形式类别 结构（以动词 do 为例） 核心语义 高频示例 否定式 not doing 表 “未做 / 不做”，否定动作本身 Not knowing his address, I couldn’t visit him.（因不知道他的地址，我没法拜访他） 一般式（主动） doing 表 “主动、与主句动作同时发生” He stormed out, slamming the door.（他气冲冲地摔门而去） 被动式 being done 表 “被动、与主句动作同时发生” Being treated in the hospital, he missed the exam.（因正在医院接受治疗，他错过了考试） 完成式（主动） having done 表 “主动、先于主句动作发生” Having read the book, he wrote a review.（读完这本书后，他写了一篇评论） 完成被动式 having been done 表 “被动、先于主句动作发生” Having been told the news, she burst into tears.（被告知那个消息后，她大哭起来） 注意事项： 1. 否定词位置：“not” 必须置于现在分词之前，不可后置（错误：doing not；正确：not doing）； 2. 完成式的动作逻辑：仅当分词动作 “明确先于主句动作” 时才用 having done/having been done，无先后顺序则用一般式（错误：Doing the work, he went home；正确：Having done the work, he went home——“完成工作” 先于 “回家”）； 3. 被动式的场景限制：being done 仅表 “被动且与主句动作同时”，若表 “被动且已完成” 需用过去分词（错误：The book being written last year is popular；正确：The book written last year is popular）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. ________ (know) anything about the accident, he couldn’t give any useful information to the police. 2. The workers left the factory, ________ (talk) and laughing all the way. 3. The meeting ________ (hold) now is of great importance to our company. 4. ________ (finish) his homework, Tom went out to play basketball with his friends. 5. ________ (tell) many times, he still forgot to bring the important document to the office. 二、现在分词作定语用法表 此表格聚焦现在分词 “作定语” 的四类核心场景，覆盖单个分词、分词短语、特殊动词短语及被动进行式的用法，明确定语位置、语义逻辑及特殊规则，解决 “分词前置 / 后置”“特殊短语变形” 等高频易错点。 定语类型 结构规则 适用场景 示例 单个现在分词（前置） 单个动词 - ing 置于名词前，表 “主动、正在进行” 修饰名词，简洁说明动作或性质 1. the sleeping child（正在睡觉的孩子） 2. a winding path（蜿蜒的小路） 现在分词短语（后置） 动词 - ing 短语置于名词后，表 “主动、正在进行” 修饰名词，需完整说明动作细节 1. the girl sitting by the window（坐在窗边的女孩） 2. the boy playing football on the playground（在操场踢足球的男孩） 特殊动词 / 短语作定语 1. measure/weigh 表 “测量 / 称重”：仅用现在分词 2. belong to/date from/consist of 等短语：仅用现在分词 1. 描述物体尺寸、重量 2. 表 “属于、追溯、组成” 等固定逻辑 1. a rope measuring 50 meters（50 米长的绳子） 2. a temple dating from the Ming Dynasty（明代的寺庙） 3. a team consisting of 5 doctors（由 5 名医生组成的团队） 被动进行式作定语 being done 置于名词后，表 “被动、正在进行” 修饰名词，说明 “动作正在被执行” 1. the experiment being conducted in the lab（实验室里正在进行的实验） 2. the novel being written by the author（作者正在写的小说） 注意事项： 1. 分词位置：单个分词需前置，短语需后置，不可混淆（错误：the sitting by the window girl；正确：the girl sitting by the window）； 2. 特殊短语的固定性：belong to/date from 等短语无被动形式，作定语时必须用现在分词，不可用过去分词（错误：a temple dated from the Ming Dynasty；正确：a temple dating from the Ming Dynasty）； 3. 禁忌规则：having done/having been done 不可作定语，表 “被动且正在进行” 只能用 being done（错误：the experiment having been conducted；正确：the experiment being conducted）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. We walked along a ________ (wind) path through the forest and finally reached the cottage. 2. The student ________ (answer) the teacher’s questions now is my deskmate. 3. This old tree ________ (date) from the Tang Dynasty has become a symbol of our town. 4. The bridge ________ (measure) 800 meters long connects the two cities across the river. 5. The project ________ (conduct) by the research team now will help solve the environmental problem. 三、现在分词作表语 / 补足语用法表 此表格梳理现在分词 “作表语”“作补足语” 的两类功能，明确表语的语义特征、补足语的适用动词及结构，区分现在分词与过去分词的语义差异，解决 “令人……/ 感到……”“主动 / 被动补足” 等易混点。 功能 结构规则 核心语义 示例 作表语 动词 - ing 置于系动词（be/sound/become 等）后 表 “主语的性质 / 特征”，译为 “令人……” 1. The idea sounds exciting.（这个主意听起来令人兴奋） 2. The situation is becoming alarming.（局势正变得令人担忧） 作补足语 1. 观感使役类动词 + 宾语 + doing： （notice/hear/see/watch/feel 等） 2. with + 名词 + doing 1. 表 “宾语主动发出动作” 2. 表 “名词主动发出动作”，构成 with 复合结构 1. I noticed children playing in the park.（我注意到孩子们在公园玩耍） 2. She stood with tears rolling down her cheeks.（她站着，眼泪顺着脸颊滚落） 注意事项： 1. 表语的语义区分：现在分词表 “令人……”（主语多为物），过去分词表 “感到……”（主语多为人），不可混淆（错误：He was exciting；正确：He was excited——“exciting” 表 “令人兴奋的”，“excited” 表 “感到兴奋的”）； 2. 补足语的主动 / 被动：现在分词表 “主动”，若表 “被动” 需用过去分词（错误：I heard the song singing；正确：I heard the song sung——“song” 是 “被唱”，用过去分词）； 3. with 复合结构的逻辑：“with + 名词 + doing” 中，名词需是动作的发出者（主动），若为承受者需用过去分词（错误：with the problem solving；正确：with the problem solved）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The new movie is so ________ (excite) that it has attracted millions of viewers since it was released. 2. I heard my neighbor ________ (sing) a popular song when I passed his house yesterday. 3. The news about the new policy became ________ (surprise) as more details were released. 4. The teacher stood in the classroom with her students ________ (discuss) the difficult problem. 5. We watched the children ________ (fly) kites in the square and felt very happy. 四、现在分词作插入语 / 状语用法表 此表格聚焦现在分词 “作插入语”“作状语” 的高频场景，明确插入语的固定短语、状语的逻辑关系及形式变化，解决 “插入语独立语法地位”“状语动作先后逻辑” 等难点，是语法填空和写作的重点考点。 功能 结构规则 适用场景 示例 作插入语 固定现在分词短语 + 逗号，独立于主句语法结构 补充说话人态度、背景或话题转换 1. Frankly speaking, the movie wasn’t good.（老实说，这部电影不好看） 2. Judging from his accent, he is from the south.（从口音判断，他来自南方） 3. Talking of travel, have you been to Japan?（谈到旅行，你去过日本吗？） 作状语 1. 一般式：doing（与主句动作同时） 2. 完成式：having done（先于主句动作） 3. 否定式：not doing/not having done 表时间、原因、伴随、结果等逻辑，主语与分词动作主动 1. Walking along the street, I met an old friend.（在街上走时，我遇到一位老朋友） 2. Having finished homework, he watched TV.（完成作业后，他开始看电视） 3. Not knowing his number, I couldn’t call him.（不知道他的号码，我没法打电话） 注意事项： 1. 插入语的独立性：插入语与主句用逗号隔开，不影响主句语法结构，不可省略逗号（错误：Judging from his accent he is from the south；正确：Judging from his accent, he is from the south）； 2. 状语的动作逻辑：主句主语必须是分词动作的发出者，否则需调整句子结构（错误：Walking along the street, an old friend met me；正确：Walking along the street, I met an old friend——“walking” 的发出者是 “我”，不是 “老朋友”）； 3. 状语的否定位置：“not” 需置于分词前，不可置于其后（错误：Doing not homework, he played；正确：Not doing homework, he played）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. ________ (frank) speaking, I don’t think this plan is practical enough to be carried out. 2. ________ (judge) from the look on her face, she must have received good news. 3. ________ (walk) in the park yesterday, I came across my former English teacher. 4. ________ (not have) enough time, they couldn’t finish the task before the deadline. 5. ________ (talk) of hobbies, my brother is very interested in collecting stamps. 五、现在分词与状语从句省略用法表 此表格梳理现在分词与状语从句省略的规则，明确省略条件、主动 / 被动形式及特殊禁忌，解决 “何时可省略主语和 be 动词”“before/after 后接动名词” 等细节问题，适用于长难句简化及语法填空的细节判断。 类型 结构规则 核心逻辑 示例 主动省略 从属连词（while/when/if 等）+ doing： （主从句主语一致，省主语 + be 动词） 表 “主句主语主动发出从句动作” 1. While studying, I listen to light music.（=While I am studying...） 2. If working hard, you will succeed.（=If you are working hard...） 被动省略 从属连词（while/when/if 等）+ 过去分词： （主从句主语一致，省主语 + be 动词） 表 “主句主语被动承受从句动作” 1. When asked about the accident, he kept silent.（=When he was asked...） 2. If painted green, the door looks better.（=If the door is painted green...） 特殊禁忌 before/after 后接动词：仅接动名词（doing），不可接分词省略形式 表 “动作先后”，before/after 为介词 1. After winning the competition, he became confident.（不可说 After winning...） 2. The document needs review before being submitted.（=before it is submitted） 注意事项： 1. 省略的前提：必须满足 “主从句主语一致” 或 “从句含 it is”，否则不可省略（错误：While walking, my bag was lost；正确：While I was walking, my bag was lost—— 主语不一致，不可省略）； 2. 主动 / 被动的选择：根据主句主语与动作的关系判断，主动用 doing，被动用过去分词（错误：While asked, he spoke；正确：While asking, he spoke——“he” 是 “问” 的发出者，用主动）； 3. before/after 的特殊性：二者后接动词时是介词，需接动名词（doing），不可按省略规则接分词（错误：After finish homework；正确：After finishing homework）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. While ________ (study) for the exam, she often listens to light music to relax. 2. When ________ (ask) about his dream job, the boy said he wanted to be a doctor. 3. After ________ (win) the singing competition, she became more confident in public. 4. If ________ (work) hard, you will surely achieve your goals in the near future. 5. Before ________ (submit) the report, please check all the data carefully. 一、语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·河北衡水·三模） (obey) the teacher’s instruction, the students began the experiment carefully. 2．（2025·河北衡水·二模） (surround) the old castle, the river adds a touch of mystery to the historic site. 3．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The manager was satisfied to see many new products (develop) after great effort. 4．（2025高三上·江苏·专题练习）The president agreed, (add) that he hope for a peaceful solution. 5．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Amy was so angry that she avoided talking with Jenny during the day. She was at a loss to do next. 6．（2025高三上·江苏·专题练习） (allow) for the bad weather, we should set off right now. 7．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）I saw some elderly people (practice) Tai Chi slowly. I stopped and watched their movements closely. 8．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）In his lecture, he appealed to the teachers (reduce) the learning burden of schoolchildren. 9．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）He passed me and then turned back, (look) at me with a smile. 10．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）Try not to your baby too much before bedtime.(excited) 11．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）It is the most urgent threat (face) our entire species, and we need to work collectively together and stop procrastinating（拖延）. 12．（2023高三·上海·专题练习） (not do) anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. 13．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Photos of various tree leaves packaged in plastic bags and arranged as flower bouquets went hot on social media lately, (cause) complaints because of the product’s price, six British pounds. 14．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Creator is not alone. Other robot chefs have already been working, (prepare) entire meals, or soon will be, in kitchens in other parts of the world. 15．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）“ (compare) yourself with them, you might feel devalued because you’re not very pretty.” Passage 1 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 1 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 2 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 3 (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 4 Romeo and Juliet.” A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 5 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 6 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 7 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 8 (find)the connection between the two great writers. 9 (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 10 see how Tang’s play was being performed.” Passage 2 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 1 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 2 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 3 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 4 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 5 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 6 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 7 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 8 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 9 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 10 (want) more next time. Passage 3 （2024·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought 1 myself, “Why would he carry all his books? ” Just then, some kids ran at him, 2 (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I 3 (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” Passage 4 （2025·湖南·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡上。 A pioneering international initiative for hadal zone (超深渊带) exploration, led by Chinese scientists, has received official 1 (approve) from the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030). The Global Hadal Exploration Programme (GHEP), with the Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering (IDSSE) serving as its head, seeks to transform fragmented hadal research into a coordinated global mission to explore, understand 2 protect the planet’s most inaccessible marine ecosystems. The hadal zone, 3 is characterized by extreme depths and pressures, darkness, low temperatures, frequent earthquakes and peculiar living forms, 4 (comprise) ocean trenches (海沟), particularly from a depth of 6,000 meters 5 the bottom of the ocean at about 11,000 meters. For a long time, the hadal trenches have been among the most under-explored and mysterious areas on Earth due to technological limitations. China has been a key 6 (drive) force of deep-sea exploration over the past decade through sustained sci-tech advancements. In 2014, 7 (follow) the launch of the Hadal Science and Technology Programme, researchers carried out a historic dive to the Mariana Trench’s 10,000-meter depths. Then, the Global Trench Dive and Exploration Programme 8 (conduct), with the help of its cutting-edge manned submersible Fendouzhe and the Tansuo research vessels. To date, Chinese scientists have partnered 145 researchers from 10 countries, exploring nine hadal trenches worldwide, the Mariana, the Kermadec and Puysegur trenches 9 (include). From this year on, GHEP will 10 (primary) integrate international research on extreme environments, life evolution and geological (地质的) processes in the hadal zone. Passage 6 （2025·浙江·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Woodcarving, an ancient craft with 1 (globe) cultural significance, involves shaping wood into delicate designs and figures. Dating back thousands of years in China, this art 2 (consider) a valuable traditional art, reflecting rich craftsmanship and symbolism. Craftsmen employ different techniques like relief carving and sculpture in the round, each 3 (require) distinct skills and tools. Faced with such demanding work, these craftsmen often remind 4 (they) to stay patient, as even a small mistake could ruin hours of work. At the same time, many traditional tools like gouges (凿子) remain essential, which demonstrates the craft’s respect for time-honored methods, 5 modern tools are gradually being adopted for efficiency. For example, in Chaoshan, Guangdong, woodcarving decorates furniture and temples, 6 (deep) serving both artistic and symbolic purposes. Ethnic groups like the Zhuang integrate traditional patterns that often describe traditional stories or natural elements, conveying 7 (wish) for happiness and harmony. Dongyang woodcarving, represented by the contemporary artist Lu Guangzheng, gains worldwide 8 (recognize). Today, woodcarving, 9 aim is to encourage new generations of craftsmen, adapts to modern trends when preserving tradition, standing 10 a living example of human creativity and cultural continuity. Passage 7 （2025·广东中山·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。 In a factory workshop in Huangchuan County, central China’s Henan Province, skillful workers stretch pieces of dough (面团) very carefully. They press and turn the dough into thin strips, and then use wooden sticks to pull them apart gently. These strips 1 (hang) to dry, and finally they become the famous hollow tribute noodles (空心贡面) of the area. Liu Laiwang, representative inheritor of the noodles and boss of a local food company, says, “Making these noodles 2 (be) my work since my childhood. They’re a special cultural treasure of Henan, carrying the 3 (wise) of many past generations. We must keep this skill alive and pass it on.” 4 (date) back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907), the noodle earned its name when it was presented 5 the emperor as a form of tribute. The noodles are made from high-quality wheat flour, sesame oil and salt, and their production involves more than ten steps. The noodles are very thin, with a hole in the middle. When 6 (cook), they stay firm and don’t get soft or 7 (stick). In recent years, Huangchuan has actively expanded its noodle industry, aiming to achieve both social and economic benefits. Liu’s company alone operates a 5,200-square-meter standardized facility with 8 annual production capacity of 3,000 tons. It has helped over 1,000 local families get out of poverty 9 given jobs to nearly 2,000 workers. China has many such special cultural treasures, more than 40 of 10 have been put on UNESCO’s important list, more than any other country in the world. 9 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $