专题二 第二讲 非谓语动词-【衡中学案】2026年高考英语一轮总复习学案（人教版）

第二讲 非谓语动词 考点突破·精讲即练 情景导入 ⑨made by us是过去分词短语作 语。 Good afternoon,ladies and gentlemen.It is a great ⑩heard clearly by everyone是过去分词短语作 honor for me to introduce this English speech 语。 contest.As we all know,to master a foreign language 3 satisfied是分词形容词，在句中作 语， is very important for us.Taking part in an English 意为“感到满意的”。 speech contest is a helpful way to learn English. 非谓语动词概述 Everyone wants to show their best.When we have 1.什么是非谓语动词 been preparing for it,we can improve our listening and 非谓语动词是动词的特殊形式，在句子中可以 speaking ability,developing a good habit of 充当谓语以外的成分。 learning English. 2.非谓语动词在句子中的作用 In the process of the competition,you should pay 一个句子中已存在一个谓语动词，又没有连词 attention to the rules made by us.First,you should 的情况下，再出现一个动词则用非谓语动词。 374 make your voice heard clearly by everyone,so She got off the bus,but she left her handbag on the reading aloud is very necessary.Second,you should 2026 seat.(有并列连词，所以用谓语动词) try your best to express yourself in fluent English. She got off the bus,leaving her handbag on the 年 Finally,you should finish your speech in five minutes. seat.(没有连词，所以用非谓语动词) 创 I am sure the English speech competition will be a 新 3.非谓语动词的种类：动词-ig形式、过去分词 设 great success and the audience will feel satisfied with 计 和不定式。 our performance.Thank you! 衡 考点一非谓语动词作状语 中 用法感悟 学 一、动词不定式作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等 I.①to introduce this English speech contest是不 1.作目的状语，有时也用in order to或so as to, 定式短语作真正的 语， 是形式主语。 但so as to不用于句首。 ②to master a foreign language是不定式短语作 语。 (2022·全国甲卷满分作文)We will continue ④to learn English是不定式短语作 语，修 our campaign to prevent and control ocean pollution to 饰wayo make our oceans clean ⑤to show their best是不定式短语作 语。 我们将继续我们的运动，以预防和控制海洋污 ②to express yourself in English fluently是不定式 染，使我们的海洋变得干净。 短语作 语。 2.作结果状语，常用结构enough to,too. 2.3Taking part in an English speech contest to..,only to等。 ①reading aloud都是动名词短语作 语。 I'm too tired to stay up any longer. ⑥listening and speaking是动名词作 培 我太累了，实在不能再熬夜了。 修饰ability,表示类别。 3.作原因状语，此时常与表示情感的形容词连 ⑧learning English是动名词短语作介词of的用，如glad,happy,frightened,surprised等e 语。 I was frightened to find that in front of my door sat 3.7developing a good habit of learning English a dog 是现在分词短语作语。 我惊恐地发现我家门前坐着一只狗。 二、动词-ing形式作状语 即时演练（一） 动词-ing形式作状语，常表示原因、伴随、时间 单句语法填空 结果等，与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 1.He hurried to the station,only Walking in the street,I came across an old(inform)that the train had left. friend.(时间状语) remember)all the questions 走在大街上，我碰到一个老朋友。 you have when you are not in the doctor's office,write Having waited in line for two hours,the old man them down and bring the list with you to your became impatient.(原因状语) appointment. 已经排了两小时的队，这个老人变得不耐烦了。 3.He was a tall man in his fifties, dress)in a business suit. His parents died,leaving him an orphan..(结果状 4.She has never seen such a collective dedication 语) from a nation, (turn)things for the better 他的父母去世了，让他成了孤儿。 by sacrificing personal convenience. 【点津】 5.He used to be addicted to electronic devices and 动词不定式作结果状语时，常表示意想不到的 stay up late every night, _（trap)inan 结果；而动词-ing形式作结果状语时，常表示自然而 unhealthy daily routine. 然的结果。 考点二非谓语动词作定语 三、过去分词作状语 一、动词不定式作定语 1.过去分词作状语，分词与句子主语之间存在 动词不定式作定语通常置于修饰的名词或代 逻辑上的动宾关系。 词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系、 复 Seriously injured,she has to be sent to the 动宾关系或同位关系。 hospital at once. (1)当被修饰词是序数词或被序数词，the only, 她受了重伤，必须马上送往医院。 the next等修饰时，常常用todo作定语。 2.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往 She is always the first to come and the last to 用于一些系表结构中，此时这些过去分词既不表示leave.(主谓关系) 被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如lost(迷路 她总是第一个来，最后一个离开。 的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden（隐瞒的)，lost/ (2)用在固定句型sb.have sth.todo和there be 35 absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着…的)， sth.todo中。 tired of(对…感到厌倦的)等。 Students complain that they have endless Absorbed in the book,he didn't notice me enter homework to do every day.(动宾关系) 学生们抱怨他们每天有做不完的作业。 the room (3)修饰某些名词，如chance,opportunity,way, 他完全被这本书所吸引，没有注意到我进人房间。 ability,plan,appeal,privilege等。 【点津】 His last appeal to come and see her went 独立成分作状语，其形式不受上下文的影响。 unanswered.(同位关系) 常用的有considering that..(鉴于…；考虑 没有人答应他最后要来看她的请求。 到…)；generally speaking(总的来说)；judging by/ 二、动词-ing形式作定语 from..(从…来看；依据…来判断)；supposing 1.该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用 hat..(假定…)；providing that...(假定…)；来表示正在进行的动作时，用动词-ing形式。 owing to...(由于…)；talking/speaking of..（谈 The lecture,starting at 7 o'clock last night,was 及…)；given that...(考虑到…)；provided followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.. that..（如果…)；to tell the truth（实话实说)；to 这次演讲开始于昨天晚上7点，紧接着是用望 be honest(老实说)等。 远镜观看月球的活动。 【点津】 I hear the song sung every time I pass by the 被修饰的名词与动词-ing之间为被动关系且表 coffee shop. 示正在进行时，用动词-ing形式的被动式作定语。 每当我经过这家咖啡屋，我都能听到有人唱这 2.表示被修饰词的某种用途，在意义上相当于首歌。 “名词+for+doing”,此时动词-ing形式常置于被修 I often hear the girl sing the song which is popular 饰词的前面。 recently.The girl is often heard to sing the song a swimming pool=a pool for swimming游泳池 which is popular recently. a waiting room=a room for waiting候车室 我经常听到这个小女孩唱这首最近很流行 三、过去分词作定语 的歌。 过去分词作定语，分词与被修饰的名词之间是 2.动词let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find, 逻辑上的动宾关系。 catch后接非谓语动词形式作宾语补足语。 Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is home to On the contrary,those who let teenagers a great number of outstanding figures. experience the consequences of their actions can do 建于I911年的清华大学培养出了众多杰出better. 人物。 相反，那些让青少年体验他们行为后果的人能 【点津】 够做得更优秀。 作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有doing和done She had to raise her voice to make herself heard. 两种。doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。 她不得不提高嗓门使自己被听到。 376 即时演练（二） The headmaster was angry to catch some students 单句语法填空 026 smoking again. 1.They held hands as Mark was wheeled into the 又一次抓住一些学生吸烟，校长很生气。 年 operate)room. 3.固定短语（如advise/allow/.encourage/request/ 创 新 2.I admit I was too scared at that moment and the warn/invite sb.to do sth.等)中动词不定式作宾语补 uncle (stand)beside me was giving me an 足语。 计 awkward look. I am writing to invite you to come to my birthday 衡 中 3.The report,which was published in The Lancet in party. 学 案 2019,was based on research done with students 我写信邀请您来参加我的生日晚会。 age)11 to 17 in 146 different countries. 4.with/without的复合结构：with/without+名 4.In my everyday life,I am on an ongoing journey词/代词+doing(表示主动、进行)/done(表示被动、 to figure out different ways (reduce）my! 完成)/todo(表示目的、将来)。 carbon footprint on the planet. Without anyone noticing me,I stole into the 5.They find comfort among the shelves room pack)high with books and appreciate the smiling 没有人注意到我，我偷偷溜进了房间。 faces of librarians eager to help. With his hair cut,he looked much younger. 考点三非谓语动词作补足语 理了发，他看起来年轻多了。 1.感官动词和短语(see,watch,observe,notice, With a lot of homework to do,I can't go skating look at,hear,listen to,feel)后面的宾语补足语常见的with you. 非谓语动词形式有三种(do,doing,done)。do表示 因为有很多作业要做，所以我不能和你一起去 主动和完成（被动句中动词不定式符号o要还原），滑冰。 doing表示主动或正在进行，done表示被动或完成。 即时演练（三） The missing boy was last seen playing near the 单句语法填空 river. 1.She returned home,only to find the door open 失踪的男孩最后一次被看到时正在河边玩耍。 and a number of things （g0). 2.With a lot of difficult problems rregret to do sth.对要做某事感到遗憾 (settle),he can't get home early .regret doing sth..后悔做了某事 3.With the boy (lead)the way,the 「try to do sth.尽力去做某事 soldiers managed to walk through the forest. try doing sth.尝试做某事 4.Not seeing or hearing any fire engines (mean to do sth..想要/打算做某事 (approach),Grant rushed to a side mean doing sth.意味着做某事 entrance and ran up the stairs. DI meant to go,but my father would not allow 5.Fu believes it was his scientific approach to me to. training that enabled him overcome 我想去，但是我的父亲不让我去。 those difficulties and reach his destination (2Raising wages means increasing purchasing power. 考点四非谓语动词作宾语 提高工资意味着增加购买力。 1.下列动词只能用动词不定式作宾语 4.“疑问词+动词不定式”结构 动词不定式可以与疑问代词和疑问副词(why decide/determine,learn, 记忆口诀 除外)等连用，构成动词不定式短语，在句中作主语 want,expect/hope/wish, 决心学会想希望 refuse,afford,manage, 表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。 拒绝给予设法装 pretend,offer,promise, I didn't know how to get back to the village. 主动答应选计划 choose,plan,agree, 我不知道怎样回到村子。 同意请求帮一帮 ask/beg,help Experience tells you what to do;confidence allows you to do it. 总 She pretended not to see me when I passed by. 经验告诉你做什么，而信心让你去做这件事。 当我经过时，她假装没看见我。 2.下列动词只能用动词-ing形式作宾语 5.固定结构“do/have/其他动词+sth.+but/ 英 except(to)do sth.”中的动词不定式用法：要遵循前 记忆口诀 有实义动词do,but/except后则无to,反之则有to的 avoid,miss,delay, 避免错过少延期 原则。 教 suggest,finish,practice, 建议完成多练习 She had no choice but to cry in the face of the enjoy,imagine,resist, 喜欢想象禁不住 admit,deny,envy, difficulty 承认否定与妒忌 escape,risk,pardon, 面对困难，除了哭泣，她别无选择。 逃脱冒险莫原谅 stand,keep,mind 即时演练（四）》 忍受保持不在意 单句语法填空 We enjoy reading English stories. 1.Eventually Deere expects (add）other 我们喜欢读英语故事。 tasks to the autonomous tractor. 【点津】 2.There is no denying that China is one of the 如果作宾语的动词不定式有宾语补足语时，常 most successful countries in green)the 用t作形式宾语，将真正的宾语后置。 desert. I find it impossible to change her idea. 3.I'm considering buy)an iPad, 我发现改变她的想法是不可能的。 which is considered to be a useful tool. 3.既可跟动词-ig形式又可跟动词不定式的动 4.As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the 词和短语：remember,forget,.regret,stop,goon, buildings in the area need mean,start,begin,try等。 repair). [forget/remember to do sth.忘记/记得去做某事 5.Even though people initially laughed at him,he forget/remember doing sth.忘记/记得做了某事 finally managed (give)his hometown a path available to the nearby town. 考点五非谓语动词作主语、表语 2.Fortunately,nowadays it is much easier 一、非谓语动词中可以作主语的有动词-ing形 make)eco-friendly lifestyle choices. 式和动词不定式 3.I got caught in the traffic jam and I'm not sure l.动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或 how long it will take arrive)at the 习惯性的动作；动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次 airport. 性的或尚未发生的动作。 4.What worried the child most was his not,allow to visit his mother in the Facing up to your problems rather than running hospital. away from them is the best approach to working 5.It is,therefore,urgent update) them out. our curricula by introducing the recent developments in 直面问题而不是逃避问题才是解决问题的最佳 1 the relevant fields. 途径。 考点六 非谓语动词的时态和语态 2.t作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定 时态 语态形式 式或动词-ing形式，常见句型如下： 类别 形式 主动 被动 It is/was no use/good doing sth.It is/was not 一般式 to do to be done any use/good doing sth.It is/was of little use/good 动词不 进行式 to be doing 定式 doing sth.It is/was useless doing sth.It's a waste of 完成式 to have done to have been done time doing sth.It takes sb.some time to do sth.It is 378 动词-ing 一般式 doing being done easy/important/vital/necessary/difficult...for/of sb. 形式 完成式 having done having been done 2026 to do sth.等。 过去 It's important for the figures to be updated 一般式 done 年 分词 regularly 创 、主动形式和被动形式 新 经常性地更新数据是非常重要的。 非谓语动词与逻辑主语（通常是句子的主语） 计 二、非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ig形式、 之间存在主谓或动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主 衡 过去分词和动词不定式 谓关系时，用主动形式；与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关 中 学 动词-ig形式作表语意为“令人感到…的”， 系时，用被动形式。 案 而过去分词作表语意为“感到…的”。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great Please describe a dog that is frightening. importance. 请描述一只令人害怕的狗。 明天举行的会议非常重要。 Please describe a dog that is frightened. 二、时间先后关系 请描述一只惊恐的狗。 根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作之间的 【点津】 时间先后关系定时态。 get,become,look,seem,appear等系动词后可 1.非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所 跟过去分词作表语，表示被动或主语的状态。 表示的动作之后或同时发生，用非谓语动词的一 This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that 般式。 2.非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所 we shouldn't get discouraged right after failure. 表示的动作之前，用非谓语动词的完成式。 温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句话告诉我们，失败后不 Having finished his homework,he went to bed. 应该气馁。 他完成作业后就去睡觉了。 即时演练（五）》 即时演练（六） 单句语法填空 单句语法填空 1.It's no good (regret)your past 1.The novel is believed to mistakes (translate)into ten foreign languages so far. 2.The manager, make)it clear 【例1】These days,.it is not unusual forI10-to that he didn't agree with us,left the meeting room. 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second 3. talk)to change my and third graders to begin (begin)computer classes. attitude,I finally got the right way to rid myself of 分析：此处是“itis+形容词+for sb.todo carelessness and gained confidence as well. sth.”结构，该结构中，t作形式主语，真正的主语为 4.The police are said 动词不定式。故填to begin。 undertake detailed investigations into the case at 【例2】On the last day of our week-long stay, present. we were invited to attend a private concert on a 5.In fact,much remains beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, (learn)about traditional Chinese painting and listening（listen）to musicians and meeting its elements. interesting locals. 6.(2024·四川省高职单招)The0 ympic 分析：分析句子结构可知，空前为完整的句子， Games,first play)in 776 BC,did not 设空处应用非谓语动词。we与listen之间是逻辑上 include women players until 1912 的主谓关系，表主动和伴随，应用动词-ing形式作状 技法 图解 语。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律 解题，and后的meeting interesting locals为动词-ing ①一个句子无论是主句还是从句， 必须要有谓语，一般空格所在的句 形式。故填listening. 高 子中无其他动词，则填谓语动词。 【例3】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement'” 谓语动词要考虑时态、语态和主谓 致等 award,proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire 轮总复 辨谓与 ②若在句中找到了谓语动词，而又 (retire)from her 36-year-old business. 非谓 找不到连词（并列连词或从属连词） 时则所给动词一定用非谓语形式。 分析：分析句子结构可知，从句中已有谓语动词 非谓语形式需要确定是现在分词形 had,设空处与had之间无连词连接，应用非谓语动 语 式、过去分词形式、不定式形式还 是动名词形式 词形式；设空处作名词plans的后置定语，应用动词 非谓语动 主语与提示词之间为逻辑上的主谓 不定式。故填to retire 定形式 关系：用doing 【例4】Pahlsson and her husband now think the 主语与提示词之间为逻辑上的动宾 ring probably got swept (sweep)into a pile of 379 关系：用done kitchen rubbish. 表示将来的动作：todo/to be done 分析：句意：帕拉森和她的丈夫现在认为戒指可 定时态 表示正在发生的动作：doing/being 能是被扫到一堆厨房垃圾里去了。空前是系动词 done 表示完成的动作：done/having got,sweep与the ring之间是动宾关系，应用过去分 done/having been done 词作表语。故填swepto 集训夯县·素关提能 I,单句语法填空 (address)the struggles of people around the 1.（2024·新课标I卷)These sepals(萼片) world face)"too little water or too dirty open on warm days (give)the inside plants water” sunshine and fresh air. 4.(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years, 2.(2024·北京卷)Just then,some kids ran at people have told fables(寓言) (teach）a him (knock)his books out of his arms. lesson or to pass on wisdom. 3.(2023·北京卷)She called for action 5.(2023·新课标I卷)Nanxiang aside,the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin,allowing them on a piece of history！ lift)out of the steamer basket without 15.It is different from traditional tourism because tearing or spilling any of their contents. it allows the traveler to become educate) 6.(2023·全国乙卷)Beijing is a city bridging about the areas-一both in terms of geographical the ancient and the modern.From Buddhist temples to:conditions and cultural characteristics... museums,narrow hutong to royal palaces,it is home to 16.Activities there range from whale watching to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to hiking (and accommodations aim its layout,with the city keeping its carefully (have)a low impact on the natural environment. build)system of ring roads. 17.But that's how nature is-always leaving us 7.(2023·全国乙卷) visit) astonish). several times over the last 10 years,I was amazed by the 18.In 1985,urban men and women in more than co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to i three quarters of the countries study had keep such a rich heritage (while constantly higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. growing. 19.They represent the earth come 8.(2023·全▣乙卷)As a photographer,I have back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.. spent the last two years record 20.They are easy care)for and make everything I discovered. great presents. 380 9.(2023·全国甲卷)Carson uses a simple,direct 21.-How's the project going? style common to fable.In fact,her style and tone( -So far so good.All we have to do is 026 are seemingly directed at children."There was(finish)the last bit of work. 年 once a town in the heart of America,where all life 22.As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play 度 创 seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its with computer simulations（模拟）and imagine 新 surroundings,"her fable begins, (borrow) themselves living at a different time in history or 计 some familiar words from many age-old fables. (walk)through a rainforest. 衡 10.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he saw a young 23.Agriculture gave people their first experience 中 学 child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony of the power of technology (change)lives. 案 台)，Henry ran one hundred metres,jumped over a 24.(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man 1.2-metre fence,and held out his arms to catch the from Beijing recently hiked ()40 days to Xi'an, (fall)child. as a first step (journey)the Belt and 1l.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He pushed a chair onto Road route(路线)by foot. the balcony,and climbed up (see）them. 25.(2022·全国甲卷)He flew4,700 kilometers 12.(2022·1月浙江卷)That approach brought from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept..20, (plan) Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%,and she plans to hike back to Xi'an in five months. (continue)the practice."It has been fairly 26.(2022·全国乙卷)“..It can help to build rewarding,.”she says,.“a really positive change.” a community with a (share）)future for 13.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your mankind,"he said. way up the mountain,still it highlights the whole 27.(2022·全国乙卷) adventure that offers a place where you can sit down(strengthen)the connection with young people,the (rest)your aching legs. event included a number of public promotional activities 14.After spend)some time looking on social media,inviting twenty-nine tea professionals at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided from around the world to have thirty-six hours of it was time for some action and what better than to ride:uninterrupted live broadcasts. 28.(2022·新高考I卷) cover)an a Chinese writer and politician in the area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Song Dynasty,Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks because he made great contributions to society. in the country. 2.(2023·全国甲卷)他不遗余力地进行了一系 29.(2022·新高考I卷)The plan will extend 列改革，以使他的国家繁荣起来。 protection to a significant number of areas that were He spared no effort previously unprotected,bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 3.(2023·新课标I卷)得知我们将被随机分组 increase)effectiveness and reduce 进行口语练习，我有一种冲动，想表达我不同的声 inconsistencies in management. 音，希望这不会冒犯您。 Ⅱ.语法填空 非谓语动词专练 ，I feel an urge Poetry is never far away from our daily life.Many of us grew up 1. (recite)classic poems, 4.(2023·全国甲卷)在日本学医期间，他对中 learning 2. enjoy)this beautiful art form 国人受到的歧视感到伤心，因此作出一个大胆的决 that is able to use just a few lines 3. 定去放弃医学寻求写作。 convey)such rich meanings. While in Japan,he was 高 The Book of Songs,4. (date)back to saddened by the discrimination against Chinese people, the Western Zhou Dynasty,has a longer history than thus 总 the Homeric epics.Even today,classic poems are appreciated by a lot of people. 5.(2024·1月浙江卷)作为一名大一新生，她 英 5. _（recognize）the unique ability of经常在6层楼的迷宫中迷路，这让她非常无助。 语 poetry and capture its creative spirit,World Poetry Day she tended to get lost in the is held by the United Nations on March 21 each year 6-story maze, 6. support)linguistic diversity through 6. (2024·九省联考)参加这次比赛是展示你 poetic expression. 英语写作能力的绝佳机会。 38 Chinese Poetry Conference 7. feature) provides an classic poetry is extremely popular.The competition excellent opportunity your English saw over 100 participants 8. (take)part in a writing skills. number of challenges.The participants,whose ages 7.(2024·1月浙江卷)下次上课时如果你觉得 ranged from 7 to 70,included students,farmers, 有点累，记得站起来伸展身体！ teachers and foreign competitors with an interest in Next time you feel a bit tired during class, Chinese literature. remember And even TV series involving poetry are very 8.我的数学老师已经为我们学生树立了榜样， successful.For example,in Empresses in the Palace 他完全值得我尊敬。 (甄嬛传)，one of the drama's most9. to us students,my move)songs was adapted from a poem 10. maths teacher fully deserves my respect. write)by Wen Tingyun of the Tang Dynasty Ⅳ.写作运用（根据汉语提示完成下面短文，注 Ⅲ.完成句子 意动词的运用)】 1.(2023·全国甲卷)作为中国宋代著名的作家Dear Smith, 和政治家，范仲淹因其对社会的巨大贡献而受到高 How are you doing?I'm writing 1. 度赞赏。 (邀请你参加我们将于6月1日在学校体English songs,which I think will surely give you a big 育场举行的英语晚会)，which is a good chance surprise.Besides,I'd like to remind you that the party 2. (展现你的英语才 starts at 6:30 p.m.and ends at 8:00 p.m.,so please and motivate students'interest in English learning. come on time if it is convenient for you.Looking forward During the party you will have a feast of varieties of to 5. 3 (我（与你分享晚会中的愉快时光）！ 们自己精心准备的英语活动)，including4. Yours, (背诵英语诗歌)and singing famous Li Hua 第三讲 情态动词和虚拟语气 若点突破·精讲即练 以 情态动词 情景导入 ④must表 强调说话者的 Lucy is an outgoing lady.She can play many kinds of musical instruments.Actually,she could?play 3.⑤shall用于第 人称，表示说话人 the piano when she was8 years old.Lucy also keeps给对方 d 382 taking exercise every day.She says that she has to do 4.⑥should⑨ought to表示“ some sports because she must keep slim 5.⑧may⑦might表示 ,意为“ 026 "You shall get fat soon if you don't take exercise 年 every day."She usually says to her friends. 6.⑩must have done①could have done②might 创 As for her,an elegant lady should try to keep fit.have done表示对过去所做事的 新 However,last week,she found that she might put on 7.3 should have done(④could have done⑤needn't 计 weight and she was worried and decided to lose weight.have done表示对过去所做事（设做的事） 0 衡 And these days she is always thinking that she may 一、情态动词的基本用法 中 succeed soon if she tries all her best.However,she is 1.can/could 学 案 always lacking in time because she ought to take care (1)表示“能力”，意为“能，会”。 of her children. I can't promise anything,but I'll do what I can. One night after supper,she walked quickly in order 我不能许诺什么，但我会尽力而为。 to go dancing at the Tomorrow Park but she was late.On (2)表示推测，意为“可能”，往往用于否定句或 her way,.she thought that the dancing must have疑问句中。can比could语气强。 begun,and the coach could have taught or shown That can't be Mary-she is in London now. many new moves.She was afraid that her friends might 那不可能是玛丽—她现在在伦敦。 have left before she got there.She was regretful then. (3)表示客观可能性，意为“有时候会”，多用于 She should have had supper earlier,or she could肯定句。 have taken a taxi,and indeed she needn't have Credit cards provide us with lots of convenience, taken5 a bath in advance.When she reached the park but sometimes they can lead to problems. finally,she found nobody was there.She remembered 信用卡给我们提供了许多方便，但有时候会导 suddenly that it had been reported on the radio that致一些问题。 there would be a heavy rain that night. (4)表示礼貌地请求，意为“能，可以”。在疑问 用法感悟 句中could可代替can,语气更委婉。 1.①can和句②could表 ,意为 Can you tell us your recipe for happiness and a long life? 2.③have to表示“ ”。强调 你可以告诉我们你幸福和长寿的秘诀吗？的谓语。结合前后句可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，因此空白 植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从 处应用feature的时去式。故填featured 句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants,fruits and l3.has established考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为 flowers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。 止，中国已经建立了许多红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前 :29 pointed 考查动词的时态。句意：当他问河岸上的村民，他在 为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China,助动词应用 哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时，他们笑着指着河的下游。根 has。故填has established 据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。 14.threw考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，设空处与and后！30.formed 考查动词的时态。句意：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士的8万 的started构成并列结构，应用一般过去时。故填threw。 件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是 15.addressed 考查动词的时态。 分析句子结构可知，设空处在 谓语动词，根据时间状语n1759可知，应使用一般过去时。故 句中作谓语。此处描述的是过去发生的事情，该句应用一般过 填formed 去时。故填addressed 31.are called考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：博物馆 16.are 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境和空后的ow 对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观事 questioning可知，设空处所在句的时态为现在进行时，且主语表 实，应使用一般现在时；主语the parts与call是逻辑动宾关系，应 示复数意义。故填are 使用被动语态，且主语是复数概念。故填are called。 17.have promised考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语从 32.is 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：通常，博物馆只展出 句sinc the effor started two years ago可知，此处应用现在完成 小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语 时，且主语表示复数意义。故填have promised a small part of a museum's collection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用 18.was built考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构 第三人称单数形式，且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for 可知，设空处为谓语，主语It指代上文中的The Xi'an City Wall, research.中的is也是提示。故填is 与动词build之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；又由时间状语n :33.had discovered考查动词的时态。句意：大约在公元前6000 the Tang Dynasty可知，该句用一般过去时，主语为第三人称单 年，人们已经发现了最话宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜 数，谓语应用单数。故填was built。. 分析句子，简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词，故此处需用谓语 l9.is viewed/has been viewed考查动词的时态和语态。句意：对 动词。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。 by+过去时 科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、研讨会之类的事情来相聚 间”(by译为“到…为止”)，后面的句子用过去完成时。故填 并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情 had discovered 用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知， 34.is being built 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：正在 动名词作主语与谓语之间存在被动关系。故填is viewed/ha 建造的大楼将是重庆最高的大楼。 分析句子可知，此处为which been viewed 引导的限制性定语从句中谓语动词的填入，关系代词which指代 20.w阳s考查动词的时态。句意：你不禁要问，当时的人们要把这 先行词The building和从句谓语动词build为被动关系，结合句 些石头放好有多难。根据时间状语then,可知描述过去的事情， 意可知，此处为表示“现在正在建造”为现在进行时，所以为现在 所以用一般过去时态，主语为it。故填was 进行时的被动语态结构。故填is being built 21.ws考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司；】 语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍动物园是怎样产 之 -是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote 生的，先是有权势的人建造了属于自己的动物园，后是建动物园是 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时：one of+形容词 为了研究动物 最高级+可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数。故填ws 1.was established考查动词的时态和语态 ,根据时间状语 22.has proved/has proven考查动词的时态。句意：它不像乔治 'around3,500 years ago"可知是过去时态。主语The first zoo和 华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象，但林 谓语动词establish是被动关系。故填was established 肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家，自从向公众开放以 built 考查动词的时态 。句中“five hundred years later'”是过去 来，就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知，设 的时间状语，谓语需要用过去式。故填bult 空处作谓语动词，Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield,llinois 3.consisted 考查动词的时态。本句话的语境是过去，谓语动词用 作主语；结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened to 过去式。故填consisted。 the public可知，此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，符合 4 were replaced考查动词的时态和语态。主语the zoos和谓语动 现在完成时概念，故设空处用现在完成时；现在完成时结构是 词replace为被动关系，并且是过去时态。故填were replaced。 has/have+过去分i词；主语Lincoln's home in downtown 15 ,(were)kept考查动词的时态和语态。animals与keep之间为 Springfield,llinois是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has,提示词 被动关系且描述过去的情况，故用一般过去时的被动语态，此处 pove的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填has proved/,has 是并列谓语，前面已有be动词were,故可以省略were。故填 broven. were kept 23.was painted考查动词的被动语态。句意：这个小房子被漆成 i6.understood 考查动i词的时态。as early as the1940s是过去的时 了白色。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语动词，The little home 间状语，谓语要用过去式。故填understood 作主语。结合句意及常识可知，房子是“被漆”的，主语和谓语动 7.have tried/have been trying 考查动词的时态。时间状语为sinc 词之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；根据下文的was,loved thn,谓语常用现在完成时，此处也可用现在完成进行时表示动 可知，此处也为一般过去时态：一般过去时的被动语态结构是 作 直持续进行。故填have tried/have been trying was/wee+过去分词；主语The little home是单数第三人称，所以 i8.to save 考查非谓语动词。rely on sb.to do sth.“依靠某人做某 要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was 事”为固定结构。故填to save painted。 y.(are】watched 考查动词的时态和语态。主语animals和谓 24 sold考查动词的时态。句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后 语动词watch是被动关系，且此处与and前面的are fed...为 他们租了房子，卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知，设空处 并列关系。故填(are)watched 和前面的动词rented一起作并列谓语：根据时间状语in1861可 10.are playing 考查动词的时态。由时间状语ow可知，此处应 知，此处用一般过去时态，提示词sll的过去式形式是sold。故 该使用现在进行时。故填are playing. 填sold Ⅲ.l.were tasked impressed us most 2.is to be shown 3.will 25.was考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，在城市中，女take on a new look is wammly welcome 4.had grown up 5.are 性增加了1.3，男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少 widely acknowledged is the most influential 6.will be arranged 谓语，主语(gain)是单数，时态是一般过去时。故填was。 7.miss I'll be late explained 8.was invited to expressed 26.touched 考查动词的时态。 句意：无人月球探测器嫦娥四 IV.1.Our school English broadcast station is looking for an announcer 号 名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神 上周在南极 2.A good knowledge of English culture as well as enthusiasm for the 艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语，根据时间状语last week ob is also essental 可知应使用一般过去时。故填touched。 3.The new announcer is expected to read English news and stories 27 means is onstructed考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句 4.People with previous experience and certificates of spoken English 意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle contests are preferred Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信 息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，第 空也使用 第二讲非谓语动词 股现在时，主语是t,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形 考点突破·精讲即练 式means。故填means。分析句子可知，第二空是宾语从句谓语用法感悟1.主it主定宾目的状2.主定宾3.状定 动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被；宾语补足表 动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon 即时演练（一 是单数。故填is constructed。 1.to be informed 2.To remember 3 dressed 4.turning 28.carries考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用5.trapped 637 即时演练（二） 18.studied考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语是 1.operating 2.standing 3.aged 4.to reduce 5.packed had,所以study用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是countries,两者 即时演练（三） 存在被动关系，要用studied作定语。故填studied。 1.gone 2.to settle 3.leading 4.approaching 5.to overcome 19.coming 考查非谓语动词。句中谓语动词为represent,所以这 即时演练（四） 里为非谓语动词。 名词the earth与come back to之间为主动关 1.to add 2.greening 3.buying 4.repairing/to be repaired 系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming 5.to give 20.to care 考查非谓语动词。这里考查“be+形容词+todo”结 即时演练（五） 构。故填to care 1.regretting 2.to make 3.to arrive 4.not being allowed 21.fnish考查非谓语动词。不定式作表语，前面的主语有实义动 5.to update 词do,后面表语todo的to省略。故填finish。 即时演练（六】 22.walking考查非谓语动词。此处与living是并列成分，共同作 1.have been translated 2.having made 3.Having been talked imagine的宾语，imagine sb.doing sth.想象某人做某事。因此 4.to be undertaking 5.to be learned/to be learnt 6.played sb.doing sth.为imagine后动名词的复合结构。故填walkingo 集训夯基·素养提能 23.to change 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，简单句中已有动 I.1.to give 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用动 词gave,设空处需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式 词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了给…提供…” 故填to 作定语，修饰technology。故填to change。 give 24.to journey 考查非谓语动词。a first step to do sth.为固定搭配. 2.knocking考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语 意为“做某事的第一步 本句中的谓语动词是hiked,所给词 动词ran此处应用非谓语动词；主语some kids和动词knock之 journey在句中作后置定语，意为“旅行” 故填to journey 间构成主谓关系，此处应用现在分词短语作结果状语。故填 25.planning考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句已有谓 knockingo 语动词flew,设空处应用非谓语动词形式，且主语He和plan之 3.to address facing考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动 间是逻辑上的主谓关系。故填planning。 解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子 :26.shared 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非 结构可知，第一空address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。 谓语动词形式。动词share 与其逻辑主语future之间是动宾关 填to address。分析句子结构可知，第二空face与逻辑主语 系，应用过去分词作定语，修饰名词future。故填shared people构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填facing。 27.To strengthen 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，设空处应用 4.to teach考查非谓语动词。此处与to pass on wisdom并列作目 动词不定式作目的状语，且设空处位于句首。故填T0 的状语。故填to teach。 strengthen 5.to be lifted考查非谓语动词。根据搭配allow sb.to do sth.“允 128.Covering 考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石 许某人做某事”可知，空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足 国家公园的三倍，GPNP将成为中国首批国家公园之 。设空 语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的被动关系，空处 处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑 需填动词不定式的被动式。故填to be lifted。 的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填 6.blt考查非谓语动词。这里为非谓语动词作定语，表示“精心 Covering 建造的… 和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关 i29.to increase 考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大 系，用过去分词。故填blt。 到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入 7.Having visited考查非谓语动词。这里为非谓语动词充当状语 个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处 和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系：根据时间状语“over the last10 在句中作目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to years”可知，用现在完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成 increas 式；置于句首，首字母应大写。故填Having visited. 语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。简单介绍了中国古典诗歌 8.recording考查非谓语动词。spend time(in)doing sth.花费时 和现在的《中国诗词大会》 间做某事。这里为非谓语动词作宾语，用动名词形式。故填 I.reciting 考查非谓语动词。句子主语Many of us和recite在逻 recordingo 辑上是主动关系，应用现在分词，作伴随状语。故填reciting。 9.borrowing考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以此处应 2.to enjoy 考查非谓语动词。learn to do sth.表示“学会做某事” 用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关 故填to enjoy 系，所以此处用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing.。 3.to convey 考查非谓语动词。能够用几行诗句表达如此丰富的 10.falling 考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在 意思。us sth.to do sth.用某物做某事。故填toc nvey 六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏 !4.dating考查非谓语动词。句意：起源于西周时期的《诗经》的历 伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的held out为谓语动词， 史要比《荷马史诗》更悠久。根据语境，以及date back to没被动 设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fll为动词，意为“掉 形式，此处用现在分词作定语。故填dating。 落 child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。 i5.To recognize 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了认识到诗歌的独特 故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。 能力…。根据句意，应用不定式作目的状语。故填To 11.to see 考查非谓语动词。句意：他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬 recognze 上去看他们。句中的climbed up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用 6 to support 考查非谓语动词。根据语境应用不定式to support作 非谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的 目的状语，意为“为了支持… 故填to support 孩子们)，故应该使用todo不定式作目的状语。故填to see。 7.featuring 考查非谓语动词。句意：以古典诗歌为特色的《中国 12.to continue考查非谓语动词。句意：他打算继续这个实践 诗词大会》特别受欢迎。设空处是非谓语动词作定语，与其修饰 动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth.计划做某事。故填 的名词是逻辑上的主动关系，因此用u.-g形式。故填 to continue featuring. 13.to rest 考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然这是你上山途中唯一不 8.taking 考查非谓语动词。宾语lO0 participants是take的逻辑 自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并提供了 个地方，你 主语，表主动关系。故填taking。 可以坐下来休息你疼痛的腿。根据句意和句子结构此处应填 :9.moving考查非谓语动词。moving表示“令人感动的”，作定语 to rest来作目的状语。故填to rest。 修饰songs。 故填noving 14.spending 考查非谓语动词。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城 10.writte 考查非谓语动词。改编自唐期诗人温庭筠写的一首 墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取 些行动了 诗。 设空处作定语的非谓语动词written与其中心词poem表动 还有什么比骑着自行车游览一段历史更好的呢。分析句子可 宾关系。故填written. 知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语 III.1.Known as 2.to carry out a series of reforms to make his country 故填spendingo prosperous 3.Leaming that we'll be randomly paired to do the oral l5.educated考查非谓语动词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为 ！practice to express my different voice hoping that this wouldn't 它能让旅行者了解这个地区一一无论是地理环境还是文化特 i offend you 4.studying medicine making a bold decision to quit 色…。分析句子成分可知，educate与traveler之间为被动关medical school and pursue writing5.Being a freshman leaving her 系，应用过去分词。故填educated。 so helpless 6.Signing up for this competition to showcase l6.to have考查非谓语动词。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅7.to stand up and stretch8.Having set a great example 行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。固定短语aim to IV.l.to invite you to our English party to be held on I June at the do译为“旨在；目的是” 。故填to have. school stadium 2.to display your English talent 3.English activities l7.astonished考查非谓语动词。句意：但大自然就是这样 总 well prepared by ourselves 4.reciting English poems 5.sharing with 是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave+宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说you the pleasant time at the party 明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾非谓语动词。故填astonished。 638