第2部分 专题一 第二讲 非谓语动词 （课件PPT）-【优化指导】2026年高考英语一轮复习高中总复习·第1轮（人教版）

高考总复习 英语 第二部分　语法突破 第二讲　非谓语动词　 专题一　“复杂多变”的动词　 感悟高考真题 感悟高考真题 感悟高考真题 感悟高考真题 感悟高考真题 感悟高考真题 感悟高考真题 感悟高考真题 感悟高考真题 感悟高考真题 感悟高考真题 感悟高考真题 感悟高考真题 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 covering Inspired 突破核心考点 Feeling to improve Given 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 influenced to ease 突破核心考点 spent using 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 eating to look breaking 突破核心考点 picking to bring 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 passed to build suited 突破核心考点 being feel 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 突破核心考点 to submit appealing impressed 强化语言运用 developed to go to be working going founded 强化语言运用 to vote satisfied held dominated to go 强化语言运用 Walking seated reading written Absorbed to talk reading to enter to get 强化语言运用 working to study to leave Being left feel Tired devoted reading to make coloured/colourful 谢谢观看！ 非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的重要部分，是语法填空的必考项目。非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词，在句子中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分。非谓语动词的常考考点主要为：动词不定式的功能、现在分词和过去分词的用法区别及非谓语动词的时态、语态或省略等。该项内容考查考生在具体语言环境中理解句子结构和分析句子成分的能力。 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)We'll explore beautiful park sites while ________(conduct) invasive(侵入的) plant removal，winter planting，and seed collection. 2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section ________(sign). 3．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)________(surround) by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much­needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life. 4．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap ________(address) the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution(变革). 5．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Such structured thinking，________(follow) by global regulation，will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. 6．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)With so many online posts ________(feature) the same places，it's easy to feel like you're missing out. 7．(2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed(承诺) ________ (promote) the idea at the completion of their journey. 8．(2024·全国甲卷)They were the best chance for many rural people ________(get) the treatment they want. 9．(2024·全国甲卷)The high­speed train network has revolutionized long­distance travel, significantly ________(reduce) travel time across the country. 1．conducting　[解析]句意：我们将在进行侵入性植物移除、冬季种植和种子采集的同时，探索美丽的公园遗址。此处考查的是while引导的状语从句的省略，当状语从句的主语和主句主语相同，且从句含有be动词时，从句可以省略主语和be动词。完整形式为while we are conducting。 2．signed　[解析]句意：18岁以下的志愿者必须由父母/监护人签字同意。此处考查“have sth.＋宾语补足语”，the parent/guardian approval section和sign之间是被动关系，故用sign的过去分词形式。 3．Being surrounded　[解析]句意：身处大自然不仅激发了我的创造力，也让急需休息的我得以从忙碌的校园生活中抽身。分析句子结构可知，此处应是动名词的被动形式作句子主语，句子开头首字母大写，故填Being surrounded。 4．addressing　[解析]句意：Catriona Campbell的这本引人入胜的新书是应对即将到来的人工智能革命所带来的挑战的实用指南。本空在句中作定语，修饰名词词组a practical roadmap，被修饰的名词词组和动词address之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作定语。 5．followed　[解析]句意：这种结构化思维，再加上全球监管，将使我们能够实现伟大，而不是衰落。本空在句中作状语，Such structured thinking和动词follow之间为被动关系，应用follow的过去分词形式。 6．featuring　[解析]句意：有这么多的在线帖子都有相同的地方，很容易让你觉得自己错过了。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“with＋名词＋宾语补足语”结构，名词词组so many online posts与feature之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语。 7．to promote　[解析]句意：他们都同意了，并在旅程结束时发誓推广这一理念。句中谓语动词agreed and vowed后跟不定式作宾语。 8．to get　[解析]句意：对于许多农村人来说，这是获得他们想要的治疗的最佳机会。名词词组the best chance后跟不定式作定语，for many rural people是不定式的逻辑主语。 9．reducing　[解析]句意：高速铁路网络彻底改变了长途旅行，大大缩短了全国各地的旅行时间。本空在句中作结果状语，故用reduce的现在分词形式表示自然而然的结果。 一　非谓语动词解题七原则 二　语法填空四技巧 1．巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词 (1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句，必须要有谓语，一般来讲，空格所在的句子中无其他动词，则填谓语动词，同时要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等； (2)若在句子中找到了谓语动词，而又找不到连词(并列连词或从属连词)时，则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词，但要确定是现在分词、过去分词还是不定式形式。 2．巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别 (1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系或表示正在进行，要用现在分词形式(doing)； (2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系或表示完成，要用过去分词形式(done)； (3)若非谓语动词表示将来的动作，或作状语表示目的，或在表示喜、怒、哀、乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等，要用不定式形式(to do)。 3．巧用非谓语动词的句型公式 It's＋形容词(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.； It's no good/use/pleasure doing sth.； find/think/believe/consider＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.等。 4．巧背动名词或不定式作宾语的动词 (1)常跟动名词作宾语的动词有consider、avoid、mind、enjoy、practice、finish、stop、keep、advise/suggest、imagine、miss、forgive、permit/allow、recognize、delay、forbid、include； (2)常跟不定式作宾语的动词有manage、promise、ask、plan、pretend、wish/hope、expect、offer、arrange、agree、learn、prepare、beg、seek、refuse、decide/determine、dare、afford。 考点1　非谓语动词的形式及意义 非谓语动词 时态形式 主动语态 被动语态 意义 不定式 一般式 to do to be done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生 进行式 to be doing — 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生 非谓语动词 时态形式 主动语态 被动语态 意义 不定式 完成式 to have done to have been done 表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前 现在分词/ 动名词 一般式 doing being done 表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生 过去分词 一般式 done — 与句子主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示已完成 非谓语动词 时态形式 主动语态 被动语态 意义 现在分词/ 动名词 完成式 having done having been done 表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生 过去分词 一般式 done — 与句子主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示已完成 考点2　非谓语动词作状语 1．不定式作状语 (1)作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首。 Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e­4 to find and study areas of the South Pole­Aitken basin. 中国研究人员希望利用嫦娥四号上的仪器发现并研究南极艾特肯盆地区域。 (2)作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do、enough to do(足够做……)、too ...to do ...(太……而不能……)、so/such ...as to ...(如此……以至于……)等。 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞向高空。 (3)作原因状语，常用在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。这类形容词有easy、difficult、hard、cheap、expensive、fit、comfortable、heavy、good、important、impossible、dangerous、surprised、astonished、delighted、disappointed等。 This machine is very easy to operate.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 这台机器很容易操作。任何人都能在几分钟内学会使用它。 “主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需要注意的是，在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词。 2．分词作状语 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 Seen from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. 从塔顶看，南边的山脚下是树的海洋。 Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using the sun and the stars. 像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。 部分过去分词(短语)作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的有located坐落于，lost迷路的，seated坐着的，hidden躲着的，lost/absorbed/buried in沉溺于，dressed in穿着，tired of 厌烦的，faced with面对着。 Absorbed in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching. 由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。 3．独立成分作状语 有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常用的有generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking、talking of、speaking of、judging from/by、taking everything into consideration、compared to/with、to be frank、to tell (you) the truth、to be honest、to make things worse等。 Generally speaking，boys are more interested in such activities than girls. 一般来说，比起女孩，男孩对这样的活动更感兴趣。 To be honest，the pay isn't attractive enough，though the job itself is quite interesting. 说实话，这个报酬不是很吸引人，虽然这份工作本身很有趣。 [即时训练1] 单句语法填空 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Johnson began writing about sports as a second­year student at the University of Colorado，________(cover) high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper. 2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)________(inspire) by the fantastic scenery，I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park's pond，surrounded by blooming flowers. 3．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)_______(feel) motivated，I started running regularly，but then two things happened. 4．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)At the end of the day all transit agencies right now are doing everything they can __________(improve) the rider experience. 5．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)_____(give) the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives，we all need to take action to deal with our AI­powered future. 考点3　非谓语动词作定语 1．不定式作定语 (1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。 I was watching the clock all through the meeting，as I had a train to catch. 我在会议期间一直看时钟，因为我要赶火车。 Suddenly a good idea occurred to her，but she couldn't find any paper to write on. 突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。 (2)序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only后或被这些词修饰的名词、代词后，常用不定式作定语。 He is always the first to arrive at school and the last to leave school. 他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。 (3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词有ability、chance、idea、hope、wish、fact、excuse、promise、attempt、way等。 The best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit. 增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。 The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。 (4)当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，作定语的不定式使用主动形式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语，且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动形式。 Have you got anything to buy? 你有什么东西要买吗？(you是 buy的执行者) I will go to Beijing.Do you have anything to be bought? 我将要去北京。你有什么东西要买吗？(you不是buy的执行者，anything与buy是被动关系) 2．分词作定语 (1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式有现在分词、“being＋过去分词”、过去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用现在分词；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系，且表示正在进行时，用“being＋过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系，且表示完成时，用过去分词。 (2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表示被动。 Most colleges now offer first­year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally. 大多数大学现在为大一的学生提供一门专门为他们设计的课程，以帮助他们在学术和个人方面取得成功。 Last night，there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV. 昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。 非谓语动词作定语的解题思路 表示被动、完成用过去分词done；表示主动、进行用现在分词doing；表示被动、进行用being done；表示主动、尚未进行用to do；表示被动的动作尚未进行用 to be done。试比较： ①The bridge built recently was designed by a local company. ②Today there are more airplanes carrying more people than ever before in the sky. ③The question to be discussed at tomorrow's meeting is very important. [即时训练2] 单句语法填空 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey __________(influence) by the ancient Silk Road. 2．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The best way _______(ease) pressure on over­touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. 3．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)A few minutes _____(spend) casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. 4．(2024·北京卷)Though these new friends were abstract painters _____(use) oil paints，or were printmakers or sculptors，I took oil painting as the taboo(禁忌) high form I wasn't allowed to practice. 考点4　非谓语动词作宾语 1．接不定式作宾语的动词 manage设法，promise答应，ask要求，plan打算，pretend假装，hope/wish希望，expect期望，offer提出，arrange安排，agree同意，learn学会，prepare准备，beg恳求，seek企图，refuse拒绝，decide决定，determine决定，dare敢于，afford负担得起 She seated herself at a small table in the restaurant，waiting to be served. 她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着上菜。 2．接动名词作宾语的动词 consider考虑，avoid/escape避开，mind介意，enjoy/appreciate欣赏，practice练习，finish完成，stop停止，keep保持，suggest建议，imagine/fancy想象，miss错过，forgive/pardon原谅，permit允许，admit承诺，delay/put off推迟，forbid禁止，include包括 Sometimes the twins put off doing their homework until the last minute. 有时这对双胞胎会拖延到最后一刻才做作业。 3．接疑问词加不定式的动词 know知道，remember记住，forget忘记，understand理解，wonder 想知道，explain解释，find查出，see明白，decide决定，tell告诉，consider考虑，think考虑，discuss讨论，show表明，learn学会，ask询问 口诀巧记：知道记住忘理解； 想知解释查明白；决定告诉两考虑；讨论表明有学问。 Excuse me，could you please tell me where to park my car? 打扰一下，你能告诉我在哪里停车吗？ 4．有些动词既可以接不定式，又可以接动名词作宾语，但意义不同。 I remembered to lock the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights. 我离开办公室之前记得锁门却忘记关灯了。 ①动词want、need、require作“需要”讲时，其后要用doing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve。 ②连词but/except后接不定式作宾语，若前面有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。 [即时训练3] 单句语法填空 1．(2024·全国甲卷)Basically，it means ______(eat) only as much food as your body needs. 2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)However，if I need to check the origin of a word or _______(look) up examples of its usage，there's nothing better. 3．(2024·北京卷)Although I have enjoyed ________(break) my decades­long taboo about working with oil paints，I have discovered I now prefer chalks and ink. 4．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)When it came to _______(pick) my favorite spot to settle，Italy was the clear winner. 5．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Do you ever get to the train station and realize you forgot ________(bring) something to read? 考点5　非谓语动词作宾语补足语 1．不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表示将要发出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有advise、allow、ask、beg、cause、encourage、expect、forbid、force、intend、invite、order、persuade、prefer、require、remind、tell、want、warn、wish、call on、depend on等。 If we expect people to give up the habit of driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely on. 如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们一个可以依靠的替代方案。 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside，the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 抛开南翔不说，最好的小笼包有着细腻紧实的外皮，可以在不撕破皮或溢出内馅的情况下把小笼包从蒸笼中拿出来。 ①有些动词，如 think、consider、believe、suppose、feel、find、understand等后常用to be作宾语补足语或主语补足语。 Chinese people are considered to be the most hard­working people in the world. 中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。 ②在“sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋ to do/to have done”结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。 He is thought to have acted foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 大家都认为他表现得很愚蠢。现在要为他的失业负责的不是别人，而是他自己。 ③有些动词，如feel、hear、listen to、make、let、have、see、watch、observe、notice等后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，若变为被动语态，须带to。 口诀巧记：一感二听三让四看，宾补不定式to省略。 He made his workers work 8 hours a day.(主动) →His workers were made to work 8 hours a day.(被动) 他让工人们每天工作8个小时。 2．分词作宾语补足语 (1)现在分词作宾语补足语时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词(短语)：感官动词(see、watch、observe、notice、hear、find、listen to、feel)，使役动词(have、get)，leave、keep、catch等。 Listen！Do you hear someone calling for help? 听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？ (2)过去分词作宾语补足语时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。可接过去分词作宾语补足语的常见动词(短语)：感官动词(see、watch、observe、notice、hear、listen to、find、feel)，使役动词(have、make、let、get)，leave、keep等。 I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken. 我需要一本新护照，因此我得照张相片。 (3)使役动词have、get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：①have sth.done＝get sth.done让别人做某事；②have sb./sth.doing让某人/某物一直做某事；get sb./sth.doing使某人/某物开始做某事；③have sb.do sth.＝get sb.to do sth.让某人做某事。 Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car washed. 在开车进城之前，你需要找人洗洗车。 [即时训练4] 单句语法填空 1．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Each town has its own traditional dish，and every family keeps a recipe ______(pass) from one generation to another. 2．(2024·北京卷)Unsurprisingly，these new concepts inspire us ________(build) new models of the universe. 3．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)According to this theory，people approach digital texts with a mindset ______(suit) to social media. 4．(2024·北京卷)With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada _____(be) so demanding，the Inuit's practical approach to morality made good sense. 5．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)It's these small acts of kindness that make a new country ____(feel) like home. 考点6　非谓语动词作主语和表语 1．不定式作主语和表语 (1)不定式作主语时，一般表示某一次具体的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置，以使句子保持平衡。 It's not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary. 学好英语不容易，广泛阅读是有必要的。 (2)不定式作表语时，①表示预定要发生的动作；②当主语是aim、purpose、idea、plan、wish、decision、choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。 His wish is to be a doctor in the future. 他的愿望是将来当一名医生。 What she likes is to watch children play. 她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。 2．动名词作主语和表语 (1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing ...；It's no use/good doing ...；It is useless doing ...。 Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out. 面对你的问题而不是逃避问题，是解决问题最好的方法。 It is no good learning without practice. 只学习不实践没有好处。 (2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。 Their job is building houses.(＝Building houses is their job.) 他们的工作是建房子。 (3)remain作连系动词，意为“仍然是”时，其后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词，意为“尚待(处理)”时，其后常接to be done。 She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down. 虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。 It remains to be seen whether the newly­formed committee's policy can be put into practice. 新成立的委员会提出的政策能否实行还有待观察。 3．现在分词与过去分词作表语 (1)作表语的现在分词表示主语的性质或状态，常用来说明或修饰物，意为“令人……的”。 The result of the game was disappointing. 这次比赛的结果令人失望。 (2)过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态。意为“(人)感到……的”。 We are surprised to hear the surprising news. 我们听到那个令人吃惊的消息很惊讶。 [即时训练5] 单句语法填空 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)If you want to be published，it's vital _________(submit) a perfect，professionally presented manuscript(原稿). 2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)When I got back home，suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as _________(appeal). 3．(2024·全国甲卷)I was very _________(impress) by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned. A (侧重练习非谓语动词) America is a 1._________(develop) country.It has a history of more than 200 years.When it was founded，only men were permitted 2._____(go) to school.Women could not get a higher education or hold public office. The women's place was considered 3.________(be) at home.Women 4._______(work) outside were not common.They usually had poor jobs and little respect.However，with time 5._____(go) by，colleges or universities 6._______(found) for women have increased.In the early part of the 20th century，women were finally allowed 7._______(vote).During and since World War Ⅱ，women have been regarded as a necessary part of the country.Today，many women hold important positions or careers.But many women are not 8._________(satisfy) with their situation today.They claimed that they are not paid the same as men for the same job.Some top positions 9.____(hold) by men in the past are still in men's hands.In many ways，women's life is still 10._________(dominate) by their husbands or fathers.So there is still a long way for them 11._____(go). B (侧重练习非谓语动词) 1．_______(walk) along the river bank，I found a boy 2.______(seat) on a stone 3._______(read) a book 4._______(write) by Mark Twain. 5._________(absorb) in his book，he didn't see me.I went up 6.______(talk) with him.He said he liked 7._______(read) and he wanted 8.________ (enter) a good university 9.______(get) a good job in the future.His parents left home，10._______(work) in a factory.They asked him 11.________ (study) hard.He was allowed 12.________(leave) school once every month.13.__________(leave) alone at home made him 14.____(feel) lonely.15.______(tire) of the dull life，he 16._______(devote) himself to 17._______(read) books 18._______(make) his life 19.________________ (colour). $$