内容正文:
6.I had gone only a few steps before I realised that a process of social interaction,not of computation,
my greeting had been
(polite).
interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our
7.A
(symbol)paifang,standing at heads
the entrance to Xidi,was built in the 16th century in
5.(2023·1月浙江卷)Conservation
memory of Hu Wenguang,a Ming Dynasty official born
organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines
in the village who made great contributions to local for home gardens,businesses,
schools.cities-and
education and livelihoods.
now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Ⅱ.写出下列句中加黑词的词性和词义
1.(2023·新课标I卷)in these chapters,I
6.(2023·1月浙江卷)Consider turning your
examine issues such as the importance of solitude travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him
and the necessity of cultivating high-quality
double-check all the details,make suggestions,and
leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless:then handle the actual reservations.
device use.
2.(2023·新课标I卷)She would have struggled
7.(2023·1月浙江卷)Sitting on a branch,he
with extreme pain to make it to that aid checkpoint inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a
without Bailey's help.
tiny hole in the hive.
3.(2023·1月浙江卷)I've learned a few things
8.(2023·全国甲卷)It's the only Thai restaurant
362
along the way though,which I hope you'll find that ranks among the top 10 of the world's 50 best
encouraging if you're doing your best to figure out how restaurants list.
2026
you can make the change in a not-always-supportive
9.(2023·全国甲卷)Both efforts were
household.
年
overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups.
4.(2023·1月浙江卷)Meaning emerges through
创
设
专题二“形”“态”各异的动词
中
第一讲
动词的时态、语态与主谓一致
考点突破·精讲即练
考点一动词的时态
making preparations for the college entrance exam.
情景导入
There is no doubt that Jack will be admitted to
At first,Jack wasn't fond of studying and was
a good college if he keeps working hard like this.Maybe
addicted to computer games.Every time his mother in the near future he will be studying in a key
went to his room,she found that he was playing
university.
computer games.His father had condemned him
用法感悟
many times before he went to middle school,so he
①是
,结构为
promised that he would study hard and quit computer
②是
,结构为
games.
③是
,结构为
It is amazing that Jack has changed a lot in the
④是
,结构为
past three years.Whenever asked about Jack's
⑤是
,结构为
performance at school,his mother always answers
⑥是
,结构为
proudly,“He has been making progress.”Heis
⑦是
,结构为
stay,stop,do等。
o
“The moment is coming soon,”he thought to
⑧是
,结构为
himself,waiting nervously.
⑨是
,结构为
“这一刻就要来了,”他自思自忖,紧张地等
0是
,结构为
待着。
一、现在时范畴内的4种时态对比
(三)现在完成时使用的5种情境
(一)一般现在时常用的4种情况
1.表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响
l.表示习惯性、经常性的动作或存在的状态。或产生的结果,常与yet,just,before,recently,
常与表示习惯的副词(短语)always,every time,now once,lately等表示过去时间的状语连用。
and then,occasionally,often,seldom,sometimes,
I haven't finished reading the book yet,so I can't
usually等连用。
return it to the library.
I usually do my homework in the evening
我还没把这本书读完,因此不能把它还给图
every day
书馆。
我通常每天晚上做作业。
2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,
2.主将从现:在以when,til/until,as soon as,并可能延续下去的动作,常与so far,up to now,
by the time,after,before等引导的时间状语从句和
since last year,in the past/last few years,lately,in
以if,unless,once等引导的条件状语从句以及no
recent years等表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的
matter+疑问词,疑问词+-ever,even if等词引导的状语连用。
让步状语从句中,从句中的动词通常用一般现在时
He has worked here for over 20 years
代替一般将来时。
他已经在这里工作了20多年。
轮总复习
If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we'll have a trip.
3.用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示将来要完成
英
如果明天不下雨,我们将去旅行。
的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作而发生。
3.表示按时间表、时刻表等安排将要发生的动
He will be back before I have finished my work
作,但限于少数动词,如go,come,leave,.arrive,
我完成工作之前他会回来的。
begin,start,return,open,close,take of等。
4."It/This/that is the first/second/third...time
The plane takes off at 9:00.
+that从句”固定句型中,that从句中的谓语动词用
363
飞机九点起飞。
现在完成时。
4.表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。
This is the first time that we have seen a film in
Practice makes perfect.
the cinema together as a family.
熟能生巧。
这是我们一家人第一次在电影院里看电影。
(二)现在进行时诠释的2类动作
5."It/This is the best worst,most interesting
1.表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动
等)+名词+从句”固定句型中,从句中的谓语动词
作;也可以表示当时一段时间内的活动或现阶段正用现在完成时。
在进行的动作。常用的时间状语有now,at present,
This is the most interesting book I've ever read.
this week等。
这是我读过的最有趣的一本书。
Mother is waiting for me.
(四)现在完成进行时的基本内涵
母亲在等我。
现在完成进行时由“have/has+been+doing”构
What lesson are you studying this week?
成,表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去,
你们本周学哪一课了?
常和for,since引导的时间状语连用。
2.现在进行时还可表示计划安排好要采取的行
The manager has been telling the workers how to
动或要做的事情,常用的这类动词主要有go,come,
improve the program since 9 a.m.
leave,stay,start,arrive,land,meet,move,return,
自从上午9点经理就一直在告诉工人们如何改
进这一方案。
琼告诉我们她下周六要去武汉。
即时演练(一》
(三)过去完成时的4种用法
单句语法填空
1.表示过去某一时间或某一动作前已完成的动
1.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)The remarkable
作或存在的状态,常与by,by the end of,by the
development of this city,which is consciously designed time,before,until等后接表示过去某一时间的短语
to protect the past while stepping into the modern或从句连用。
world.
mean)there is always something
I had put away my cellphone before my father
new to discover here,and I could be photographing came back.
Beijing for the next 50 years.
在我爸爸回来之前我已经把手机收起来了。
2.As we all know,the sun
set)in the west.
2.某些词用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的
3.Many people
(seek)a variety of想法,意为“本来期望/认为/打算.”。常用的这
sources for their happiness.Some have put their heart类动词主要有expect,hope,plan,suppose,think,
and effort into their work.
intend,mean,want等。
4.I
(write)a report about
We had intended to help you,but we were too
the environment here over the last few days,which I busy to get away.
have to hand in next week.
我们本来想帮助你的,但我们忙得脱不开身。
5.The World Health Organization warns that
3.在“hardly(scarcely)..when..”“no sooner..
364
millions of people
suffer)from indoor
than..”句型结构中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般
air pollution at the present time,which results from the过去时,意为“一…就.”。
026
use of dangerous fuels and cook-stoves at home.
Hardly had the speaker finished his speech when
年
二、过去时范畴内的4种时态详析
the audience kept asking him questions.
度
创
(一)一般过去时的使用原则
演讲者一结束他的讲话,观众就不停地向他
新
表示在过去某一时刻、某一时间段内发生的动提问。
计
作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如
4.在“It/This/that was the first(second,etc.)
衡
yesterday,last year,last night,.the other day,just time+that从句”固定句型中,从句谓语动词用过去
中
学
now,two days ago,in2022等。
完成时。
案
一Haven't seen you for ages!Where have you
It was the second time that he had won the
been?
election.
-I went to Ningxia and stayed there for one
那是他第二次在大选中获胜。
year,teaching as a volunteer.
(四)过去将来时的一般含义
一一好长时间没见到你了!你去哪儿了?
过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生
我作为志愿者去宁夏支教了一年。
的动作或存在的状态。这种时态常用于宾语从句或
(二)过去进行时的2种运用
间接引语中。除了使用“would+动词原形”表示外,
l.表示过去某一时刻正在进行或过去某一时间还可以用be going to do,be to do,be about to do等
段内一直进行的动作。
方式表示。
I was doing my lessons then.
Did you predict that many students would sign up
那时我在做功课。
for the dance competition?
2.表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行
你预计将会有很多学生报名参加舞蹈比赛吗?
时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有leave,start,
即时演练(二)
arrive,go,come等。
单句语法填空
Joan told us she was leaving for Wuhan next
1.Though the interview
(go)well,he
Saturday
realized that compared with the other candidates he
didn't have the ability to get the job.
一些标志性的时间状语连用,如:at this time
2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry
tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,from 1:30 to 4:30
(fix)his car when he heard the screams.
tomorrow等。
3.I was lucky because that was the second time
What will you be doing at this time tomorrow?
that I
(visit)Russia.
明天这个时候你将在做什么?
4.Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child,
(三)将来完成时的使用依据
few people guessed that he
将来完成时主要表示某一动作到将来某个时间
be a famous scientist whose theories would change i
完成,上下文情景中常含有by的时间状语,如by six
the world.
o'clock,by the weekend,by the end of next month
5.(2022·新高考I卷)The plan will extend
We shall have finished the project by the end of
protection to a significant number of areas that
this year.
be)previously unprotected.
我们将在今年年底完成这项工程。
三、将来时范畴内的3种时态辨析
即时演练(三)
(一)一般将来时的4种用法
完成句子
1.“wil/shall+动词原形”表示现在看来以后要
1.到明年的六月份,我们已经毕业了。
发生的动作或存在的状态。“w+动词原形”还可
graduate)
以表示说话人临时作出的决定。
We
by the June
高
-Mr.Li is ill in hospital.
of next year
-Oh,I didn't know.I'll go to see him tonight.
2.他将就急救问题发表演讲。(deliver)
轮总复
一李老师生病住院了。
He
on first aid.
哦,我还不知道呢。我今晚去看他。
3.我们将在16分钟后在巴黎机场降落。
英
2.be going to+动词原形
(land)
(1)表示现在打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定
We
in Paris in sixteen minutes.
要发生的事。
四、“7组比较”辨清易混时态
教版
(2)表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象,推测
1.一般现在时与现在进行时的比较
某事即将发生。
一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或反复出现的
365
Look at the cloud.It's going to rain.
动作或状态;现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作,
瞧那乌云,天要下雨了。
或现阶段一直进行的动作(说话时未必正在做)。
3.“be about to+动词原形”表示打算或根据安
On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour
排即将发生的动作。它不与表示具体的将来时间状to drive to work although the actual distance is only20
语连用,但可以与when连接的并列句连用。
miles.(经常性、习惯性的动作)
The English Evening is about to start.
在星期一的早上,开车上班通常要花费我一个
英语晚会即将开始。
小时的时间,虽然实际距离只有20英里。
4.“beto+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或
Hurry up!Mark and Carol are expecting us.(正
按职责、义务将要发生的动作,这种动作通常是人的
在进行的动作)
意志所能控制的,或用于征求意见。
快点!马克和卡罗尔正在等我们。
You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.
2.一般现在时与现在完成时的比较
你要在10点前交上论文。
一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或反复出现的
(二)将来进行时的时间概念
动作或状态;现在完成时则强调过去发生的动作到
将来进行时可用于表示将来某个时刻正在发生现在已完成,或过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
的动作或将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作。将来
I do all the cooking for my family,but recently I
进行时也可以表示已计划好的事。将来进行时常与have been too busy to do it..
通常由我给家人做饭,但我最近太忙,没时间
I can't come tomorrow,because I will be having
做了。
an exam at this time tomorrow.
3.一般过去时与现在完成时的比较
我明天来不了,因为明天这个时候我正在考试。
般过去时表示过去某时刻或过去某段时间发
7.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较
生的动作或情况,常与表示过去的与现在无关的时
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在
间状语连用;而现在完成时表示从过去开始持续到的影响或造成的结果;而现在完成进行时则表示过
现在的动作或情况,常与表示包括现在在内的一段
去发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在,并且
时间的状语连用;一般过去时表示过去某个时间发
还在进行,强调动作的延续性。
生的动作或情况,与现在没什么联系;而现在完成时
Mary has phoned you.
表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
玛丽给你打过电话了。
I felt very tired when I got home,and I went
Mary has been phoning you.
straight to bed.
玛丽一直在给你打电话。
回到家时我感觉非常累,所以就直接去睡觉了。
即时演练(四》
-Alvin,are you coming with us?
单句语法填空
-I'd love to,but something unexpected has come
1.Power walking offers many benefits.Walking at
a quick pace of 4 mph
(burn)around300
up
一阿尔文,你会跟我们来吗?
calories per hour.
366
我想去,但发生了意想不到的事情。
2.Now China
(play)an important
4.一般过去时与过去完成时的比较
role in global economic policy-making.
2026
3.Great changes
take)place in
般过去时表示动作发生在过去;而过去完成
our hometown in the past ten years
年
时表示在过去某个动作发生之前已经发生或完成的
4.Translated fiction sales in the United Kingdom
创
动作或存在的状态,即“过去的过去”。
新
Tom and I became friends in 2000,although we
(rise)by 5.5 percent last year,with growing
设
计
demand for Chinese titles,said Nielsen on Wednesday.
had actually met several years before.
汤姆和我在2000年成为朋友,尽管在那时的几
技法
图解
中
学
年之前我们就见过面。
标志词判
根据句中出现的时间状语来确定
5.一般过去时与过去进行时的比较
断法
动词的时态
一般过去时仅说明动作发生在过去,不强调动
固定句型
根据固定句型来确定动词的时态
动
判断法
作的延续性;而过去进行时则强调在过去某一时间
词
正在进行的动作。
语境综合
根据上下文语境考虑设空处说的
态
是什么时候的事情,从而确定相
判断法
He wrote a novel last month.
应的动词的时态
他上个月写了一部小说。(已经完成小说)
主句用将来时,时间、条件、让步
等状语从句中用一般现在时表示
He was writing a novel at this time last month.
时态呼应
将来时
上个月的这个时候他正在写一部小说。(不
判断法
主句谓语动词为一般过去时,宾
定完成小说)
语从句可用过去的某种时态
6.一般将来时与将来进行时的比较
一、时间状语判断法
一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状
动词的时态,顾名思义就是指动作或状态在不
态;而将来进行时强调将来某一时刻或某一段时间同时间条件下的动词形式,因此时间状语是确定动
内正在进行的动作。
词时态的最直接的决定因素。
I am busy reviewing my lessons because I will
【例1】Silk had become(become)one of the
have an exam tomorrow
primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about
我正忙着复习功课,因为明天要考试。
100BC
分析:句中by about100BC是表示过去的时间时,because引导的从句也应用一般现在时,主语是
状语,当时间状语是“介词by(不迟于,不晚于)+t,该处谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填
过去的某一时间”时,表示动作发生在“过去的过
i
means
去”,谓语动词应用过去完成时。故填had become。.
【例5】(2023·北京卷)I turned up at the
【例2】In the last few years,China has made
appointed hour for a dinner,only to find that no other
make )great achievements in environmental
guest had arrived (arrive)and my hostess was still in
protection.
her sleeping suit.
分析:句意:在最近几年里,中国在环境保护方
分析:句意:多年以后,搬到法国后,我在约定的
面取得了巨大成就。句中的时间状语是n the last时间赴宴,却发现没有其他客人到场,女主人还穿着
few years,表示动作“从过去某一时间一直持续到现睡衣。根据语境可知,“客人没到场”这一动作发生
在”,应用现在完成时;且主语Chia为单数形式。在“我到场”之前,即“过去的过去”,故用过去完成
故填has made。.
时。故填had arrived.。
二、固定句式判断法
四、时态呼应判断法
英语中有一些句式的时态常常是固定的,如果
时态呼应原则也是我们确定具体时态的常用
题干中出现这类句式,应注意根据规则选用适当的
方法。
时态。常见的固定句式如下:
【例6】He said that one of the boxes
(l)be doing...when.·,when前面的句子常用
generated (generate)around 13,500 in revenue a
高
过去进行时,when后面的句子常用一般过去时。
month and cost only about $400 to rent.
(2)tis/has been+时间段+since..表示“自
分析:句意:他说其中一个箱子每月收入约为
从…以来已…”,主句用现在完成时或一般现在
13,500美元,租金仅为400美元左右。根据主句中
时,从句用一般过去时。
的said可知,that引导的宾语从句时态也应用过去
英
(3)祈使句+ad/or+陈述句,陈述句常用一般的某种时态,从句陈述客观事实,应用一般过去时。
将来时。
故填generated。
(4)ltis(high/about)time that sb..,that后
考点二
被动语态
整
面的句子要用一般过去时或should+动词原形。
情景导入
【例3】It is the first time that I have been
Xiao Ming's Cellphone
367
be)to Beijing.
Xiao Ming's cellphone was broken.I couldn't
分析:句意:这是我第一次去北京。提示词为be get through to him while the cellphone was being
动词,设空处在句中作谓语,再根据固定句式ts
repaired.I wanted to inform him that he had been
the first time that sb.have/has done...确定使用现在完
admitted to the basketball club.
成时。故填have been
Cellphones are widely used nowadays.It seems
三、语境综合判断法
that they are being used so frequently that people
当题干中无时间状语及参照动词,或时间状语have been controlled by them.Someone thinks that
和参照动词都不能确定所填词动作的时态时,所填cellphones should be restricted⑦on some occasions..
动词的时态由题干的具体意思或动作所发生的语境
Xiao Ming's cellphone will be repaired well
来决定。
soon.Maybe by next Sunday the cellphone will have
【例4】“This really excites scientists,”Carle been brought home and will be being used again.
Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,"because
用法感悟
it means (mean)we have the chance to obtain
①是
结构为
information about how the moon is constructed."
分析:根据语境可知,这是Carle Pieters说的话,
②是
,结构为
结合excites可知,应用一般现在时,主句是一般现在
③是
结构为
二、主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况
英语中有很多动词,如clean,sell,read,write,
④是
,结构为
wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征
时,常用其主动形式表示被动意义,主语通常是物;
⑤是
,结构为
在这种情况下,常常和easily,wel等副词连用。
This kind of cloth cleans easily
⑥是
结构为
这种布料容易清洗。
【点津】
⑦是
,结构为
(1)主动语态表被动意义强调的是主语的特
征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
⑧是
结构为
(2)感官动词feel,sound,taste,look等后跟形
容词、名词构成系表结构,无被动形式。
⑨是
结构为
Junk food tastes delicious but it doesn't contain
enough nutrition.
⑩是
结构为
垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。
(3)在need,want,require,deserve,bear等动
、各种时态的被动语态形式(以do为例)
词,worth等形容词的后面,动词-ing形式用主动形
368
时态
般式
进行式
完成式
式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动
形式。
2026
am/is/are
have/has
现在时
am/is/are done
Your composition still requires polishing/to be
being done
been done
年
polished
创
was/were
你的文章还需润色。
过去时
was/were done
had been done
being done
(4)在某些“主语(人/物)+be+形容词+动词
计
不定式”中,动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
shall/will
shall/will have
中
将来时
shall/will be don
be being
这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,
been done
done
important,impossible,pleasant,interesting
The problem is difficult to work out.
过去将
would/should
would/should
这个问题很难解决。(可看作省略了for me)
来时
be+done
have been done
(5)be to rent/blame也属于主动形式表被动意义。
Who is to blame for the mistake?
After school we went to the reading room to do
谁应为这个错误承担责任?
some reading,only to be told that it was being
即时演练(五)
decorated.(过去进行时的被动语态)
单句语法填空
放学后,我们去阅览室看书,结果却被告知阅览
L.(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple
室正在装修。
lyric form that has been passed down through the ages
【点津】
can still
(employ)today to draw
(1)含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态,由“情attention to important truths..
态动词(can,may,must,have to,used to等)+be+
2.When receiving the letter last night,I didn't
done”构成;
notice what
(mark)on the back of the
(2)含有be going to,.beto,be about to等结构letter.
的复合谓语变为被动语态,其构成为“be going to
3.Our city is becoming a modern one.More and
(beto,be about to)+be+done”。
more tall buildings
build)in the
last five years.
三、含有情态动词的被动语态
4.This listening material,together with its CD-ROMs,
【例3】The artist was sure he would be chosen
(sell)well.
(choose),but when he presented his masterpiece to
5.Meetings
hold)every two days in
the emperor's chief minister,the old man laughed.
the company and he is fed up with them.
分析:句中主语he与choose之间是被动关系,
6.(2023·1月浙江卷)In the Ming Dynasty,the
应用被动语态,且情态动词would后跟动词原形。
center was the Forbidden City,surrounded in concentric
故填be chosen。
(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City
考点三主谓一致
Citizens of higher social classes
情景导入
permit)to live closer to the center of the circles
My deskmate,James,whose parents have been
teaching English in Guangzhou for ten years,comes
技法
图解
from the United States,which is one of the most
如果主语是动作的执行者,与谓
developed countries in the world.He as well as his
主谓关系
语动词为主动关系,则用主动语态
parents enjoys living in Guangzhou because neither
判断法
如果主语是动作的承受者,与谓
James nor his parents find it difficult to adapt to the
语动词为动宾关系,则用被动语态
life in China.In their opinion,many a custom here is
判断谓语动词是否具有主动表被
easy to understand and ten years is5 enough for them to
动的性质,若有则用主动语态
局
谓语动词
get used to all the customs.
性质分析
判断谓语动词是否具有不能用于
法
被动语态的性质,若有则用主动
I,together with James,extremely like English but
语态
physics seems rather difficult for us.Besides,both he
复
一、主语动词关系判断法
and I are very fond of reading storybooks,and the
【例I】Steam engines were used(use)toArabian Nights is one of the most interesting books that
英
语
pull the carriages and it must have been fairly
have been read⑧byus.
unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and
Our class is united as a big family.Now the class
教
noise.
are preparing for the coming sports meet,so large
分析:句意:车厢由蒸汽机拉动,对于乘客而言quantities of our recent time have been spentn it..
What we need is a qualified coach because being
369
在浓烟和噪音下乘车肯定是相当不舒服的。主语
Steam engines和use之间是被动关系,且由句中的
trained properly is of great importance.We each are
all aware that each of us plays an important role in our
must have been可知,此处叙述的是过去发生的事
class.We have decided to hold a celebration if getting a
情,设空处应用一般过去时的被动语态;又因主语是
good result but when and where we are going to hold it
名词的复数形式,谓语动词应用复数形式。故填
hasn't been decided
were used
用法感悟
二、动词特点判断法
1.以上黑体部分遵循语法一致原则的是:
【例2】This listening material,together with its
CD-ROMs,sells (sell)well.
2.以上黑体部分遵循意义一致原则的是:
分析:句意:这些听力材料和它的CD光盘都很
畅销。英语中有很多动词,如sell、read、write、
3.以上黑体部分遵循就近一致原则的是:
clean、wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主
语特征时,常用其主动形式表示被动意义,主语通常
一、就近一致原则
是物;在这种情况下,常常和easily、well等副词连
1.or,either...or...,neither...nor...,
用。此处句子的主语是This listening material,谓语
not only..but also..,not..but..等连接的并
动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填slls。
列名词(短语)或代词作主语时,谓语动词的数常与
最邻近的主语保持一致。
迷人。
Either you or one of your classmates is to attend
(3)“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语
the meeting that is due tomorrow.
时,谓语动词用单数。each,every,no所修饰的名词
你或者你同学中的一位要去参加明天召开的
作主语时,即使由and连接,谓语动词仍用单数。
会议。
Many a parent has to go through this same
2.由there,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动:painful process..
词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
很多父母不得不经历同样痛苦的过程。
There are three chairs,a desk and a computer in
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the
the room.
party to be held on Sunday.
房间里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。
每个男生和女生都希望参加周日举行的聚会。
二、语法一致原则
3.“the+形容词”表示某一类人,在句中作主语
1.动词-ig形式、动词不定式、从句、不定代词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
The sick have been cured and the lost have
Listening to music makes me feel relaxed after a been found.
busy day.
患病的人被治愈,同时失踪的人也被找到了。
忙碌了一天后,听音乐使我感到很放松。
4.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等的复数名词或
【点津】
短语作主语时通常作为一个整体看待,谓语动词通
370
what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单常用单数形式。
数形式,但如果从句表示复数意义,则谓语动词用复
Two thousand miles is a long distance
026
数形式。
两千英里是一段很长的距离。
年
What he says and does does not concern me.
三、意义一致原则
创
他的言行与我无关。
1.集体名词作主语时,如果表示一个整体,谓语动
新
What he says and does do not agree.
词用单数形式;如果表示组成集体的一个个成员,谓语
计
他的言行不一致。
动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有family,.class,
衡
2.主语后跟有with,together with,as well as,
i team,group,
public,committee,
government,
中
学
like,but,except,.along with,rather than等连接的短
audience等。
案
语时,谓语动词的数要与连接词前面的主语保持
The whole class were told to stay behind after
一致。
school.
The teacher as well as his students was
全班学生被告知放学后留下。
very excited.
2.“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主
老师和学生们都非常激动。
语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及
【点津】
其表示的意义;all,some,half,most,the rest等作主
(1)and,both.·and.·连接两个不同的主语语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的
时,谓语动词用复数形式;但是如果由and连接的两
意义。
个名词表示同一个人或物时,谓语动词用单数形式。
About one third of the books were written
The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.
by him.
那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。
这些书中大约有三分之一是他写的。
(2)定语从句中关系代词作主语时,从句中的
即时演练(六)
谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
单句语法填空
My friend showed me around the town,which
1.Although the figure
better than
was very attractive.
expected,there
few signs that the eurozone
我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇,这个小镇非常would climb out of recession any time soon.(be)
2.Each instrument and each musician
【例I】Because the number of possible topics
(take)on different functions:sustaining,modifying,
is (be)practically limitless,we focus on a sample
synthesizing and innovating,paired into two key types
of the most interesting and useful applications and tools
of roles supporting and leading.
and explain the basic principles of technology.
3.Neither Mary nor her parents
分析:the number of…的数目,后接可数名词
inform)of the exciting news,which surprises us
的复数形式,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据
a lot.
主句的时态可知,从句用一般现在时。故填s。
4.Up to now,large quantities of food
【例2】Of the nineteen recognised polar bear
distribute)to the people affected by the
subpopulations,three are declining,six are (be)
terrible earthquake.
stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.
技法
图解
分析:句意:在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中,有
3个正在减少,6个保持稳定,1个正在增加,还有9
找准主语
看主语是单数还是复数,确定谓语
个缺乏足够的数据。分析句子结构可知,本句由多
动词的形式
个分句并列组成,其中设空处所在的分句的主语是
牢记三原
要记住判断主谓一致的三个原则
则
注意特殊情况
six,为复数概念,谓语应用复数,且上文的three和
致
下文的lack也是提示;本句叙述的是一般事实,应
结合时态
要与动词的时态和语态结合起来,
语态
确定谓语动词的形式
用一般现在时。故填are。
高
集训夯县·素美提能
I.单句语法填空
give )us the opportunity to make right
习
1.(2024·新课标I卷)Further,the Silk Route
choices.
英
(walk)visitors
7.(2024·北京卷)0 n April5,2024,John
语
Garden around the greenhouse
through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,
Tinniswood
name)the world's oldest
by which silk as well as many plant species came to living man.
Britain for the first time.
8.(2024·北京卷)My heart went out to him,and
2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Some of the things thatI
(jog)over to him.
37
Tang was writing about (be)also Shakespeare's
9.(2024·全国甲卷)What should
concerns.
(do)with such a beautiful place?
3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later,asix-
10.(2024·1月浙江卷)However,though it's
meter-tall pavilion,inspired by The Peony Pavilion,nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages,it would
(build)at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes'help even more if they could sometimes
walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
offer)in smaller packs.
4.(2024·1月浙江卷)0 ver the last two years,
11.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a little girl,.I
some supermarkets
start)selling
(wish)to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves Now,I'm living out that dream indirectly by helping the
containing separate portions().
panda keepers do their job in English.
5.(2024·全国甲卷)They
(be)part of a
12.(2023·1月浙江卷)In the Ming Dynasty,the
15-member exploring party that had spent almost five center was the Forbidden City,surrounded in concentric
awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.()circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
6.(2024·北京卷)When we slow down,we Citizens of higher social classes were permitted to live
create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions,closer to the center of the circles.The large siheyuan of
which helps us identify important areas of our lives and these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen3.which考查定语从句。句意:几十年来,杨一直致力于清远传:
am/is/are+现在分词⑨一般将来时
w+动词原形
统的熏香工艺,这一工艺于2021年6月被国务院列为国家级非:①将来进行时wil+b+现在分词
物质文化遗产。在非限制性定语从句中,which指代traditional:即时演练(一)
incense craft,在从句中作主语。故填which。
I.means
2.sets 3.have sought 4.have been writing
4.dating考查非谓语动词。句意:这个国家拥有悠久的熏香历
5
are suffering
史,可以追溯到秦朝以前。date back to追溯到,为不及物动词词:即时演练(二)
组,无被动语态,与逻辑主语history构成主动关系,故用现在分I.went2.was fixing3.had visited4.would be/was going to be
词主动表被动。故填dating。
5.were
5.popularity考查名词。句意:在明清时期,它更受欢迎,当时它
!即时演练(三)
被用来抵御疾病、昆虫、蚊子和保持人们的健康。wider为形容!I.will have graduated from school2.is going to deliver a speech
词,后接名词popularity作宾语。故填popularity
3.shall be landing
6.hidden考查非谓语动词。句意:由于地处太行山中丰富的草药
即时演练(四)
资源,宋朝时清远就有了许多香作坊。逻辑主语herbal resources
1.burns 2.is playing
3.have taken 4.rose
和hide之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词表被动。故填hidden。
考点二
7.increasingly考查副词。句意:如今,随着市场的日益扩大,超过
用法感悟
5万人在500多家当地熏香企业从事熏香业务。
此处用副词
①一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词②过去进行时
increasingly修饰expand,作状语。故填increasingly
的被动语态
was/were+being+过去分词③过去完成时的被动
8.are engaged考查固定短语。句意:如今,随着市场的日益扩大,
:语态had been+过去分词(④一般现在时的被动语态is/am
当地500多家熏香企业从事熏香业务的人数已超过5万人。短
:are+过去分词⑤现在进行时的被动语态
is/am/are being
语be engaged in表示“从事”,根据上文Nowadays可知为一般现过去分词
⑥现在完成时的被动语态have/has been+过去分词
在时。故填are engaged。
⑦带情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+过去分词⑧一般
9.and考查连词。句意:杨金庆在湖北帮助建立了一个草药香工
将来时的被动语态will+be+过去分词,⑨将来完成时的被动
程中心,专门研究古代配方,并开发基于香料的新工艺。根据句
语态
wil+have been+过去分词O将来进行时的被动语态
意可知,此处前后文为并列关系。故填and。
:wil+be+being+过去分词
10.lighting
考查非谓语动词。句意:在喝茶、下棋、阅读或写作
!即时演练(五)
1.be employed
2.was marked 3.have been built 4.sells
时,点上一根香可以帮助镇静神经,集中精神。此处是动名词
5
are held 6.were permitted
作主语。故填lighting。
W.(一
考点三
用法感悟
1.Our English teacher is very young and patient
1.①②④6⑦⑧2B41⑤2.⑤⑨0①3.③
2.He graduated from college two years ago
3.He often offers us some good advice on English learning./He often
即时演练(六)
1.was
offers some good advice on English learning to us.
were
2.takes
3.have been informed 4.have been distributed
集训夯基·素养提能
4.He tries to make his classes lively and interesting
I.1.wlks考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空
5.He asks us to recite some English words every morning.
处为本句谓语动词,根据上下文语境可知,本句时态为一般现
6.Most of us have made great progress with his help.
在时,主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人
7.We feel proud to have such a good teacher.
称单数形式。walk sb.through..意为“带领某人穿过…”
(二)
故填walks
参考范文:
2.were考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空格处为本句谓语动词
Our English teacher is very young and patient.He graduated from
根据句意以及定语从句时态可知,本句时态为一般过去时:主语
college two years ago.He has been working hard since he came to our
为“some of the things”,复数。故填were。
school.Finding some of us are weak in English,he often offers us some
3
was built考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空格处为本句谓
good advice on English learning.In addition,he tries to make his
语动词,根据时间状语“Two years later”可知,本句时态为一般过
classes lively and interesting.What's more,he asks us to recite some
去时;主语为“asix-meter-tall pavilion”,单数,和动词“build”之间
English words every morning.As a result,most of us have made great
为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was built。
progress with his help.We all like his classes and admire him very
!4.have started考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Over
much.In a word,we feel proud to have such a good teacher.
the last two years'”可知,此处应用现在完成时;主语为复数,助动
第二讲
3个构词法
词用haveo故填have started
5.were
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空前They指代上文提及的
考点突破·精讲即练
四个男人,时间为1870年,同时联系后文had spent的过去完成
即时演练(一)
时可知,本空时态为一般过去时且为复数形式。故填were。
1.tasty 2.rarely
3.arrival confident 4.responsibility
:6.ves考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处表示这有助于我们找
即时演练(二)
到生活中的重要方面,并给子我们做出正确选择的机会。分析
1.n.自行修复2.ad.像温室一样的3.n.工具箱4.ad.用后
句子结构可知,“help”与空格处是由and连接的并列谓语动词
丢弃的,一次使用的
时态应保持一致,故此处应用一般现在时:且此处为which引导
即时演练(三
的非限制性定语从句中的谓语,which指代“When.·.emotions”,
1..释放,使自由2.u.将…连接成网络3.u.发布
因此,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填gves
4..(使)蜿蜒前进
:7.was named考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构
集训夯基·素养提能
可知,此处为句子谓语:根据时间状语“On April5,2024”可知.
I.1.comparison 2.enthusiasm 3.arrival 4.basically
此处描述过去发生的事,时态应用一般过去时;主语
“John
5.steamed 6.impolite 7.symbolic
Tinniswood'”与动词name之间构成被动关系,应用被动语态;且
Ⅱ.1.ad.高质量的2.n.检查站3.ad.并不总是给予支持的
主语为第三人称单数,be动词应用was。故填was named.
4.影响…的发展5.n.指导方针6.复核7..(使)缓慢8.jogged
考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,此处为本句的
地移动8.x.把…分等级,属于某等级9.n.诉讼
谓语动词;根据空格前的“My heart went out to him,and”及语境
专题二
“形”“态”各异的动词
可知,此处描述过去发生的事,时态应用一般过去时。故填
jogged。
9.be done
考查含有情态动词的被动语态。主语what指“事情”
第一讲动词的时态、语态与主谓一致
与谓语动词do之间是被动关系,情态动词should后接动词原
形。故填be done。
考点突破·精讲即练
10.be offered考查含有情态动词的被动语态。动词offer意为“提
考点一
供”,和其逻辑主语构成被动关系,主语they指代前文中的
用法感悟
sausages。
在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
①一般过去时
谓语动词用过去式形式②过去进行时
was/
:11.wished考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语
wee+现在分词③过去完成时had+过去分词④过去将来
动词,所以wsh作本句的谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系,根据
计
would+动词原形⑤现在完成时have/has+过去分词
后文的gew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
⑥一般现在时,谓语动词用动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式
:I2.featured考查动词的时态。根据句子结构和句意可知,空白处
⑦现在完成进行时have/has been+现在分词⑧现在进行时:
作谓语,carved和painted是动词-ed形式作定语,不能作为本句
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的谓语。结合前后句可知,此处描述的是过去的事情,因此空白
植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从
处应用feature的时去式。故填featured
句,从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants,fruits and
l3.has established考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为
flowers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
止,中国已经建立了许多红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前
:29
pointed
考查动词的时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在
为止)可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语是China,助动词应用
哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根
has。故填has established
据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pointed。
14.threw考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处与and后!30.formed
考查动词的时态。句意:例如,汉斯·斯隆爵士的8万
的started构成并列结构,应用一般过去时。故填threw。
件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是
15.addressed
考查动词的时态。
分析句子结构可知,设空处在
谓语动词,根据时间状语n1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故
句中作谓语。此处描述的是过去发生的事情,该句应用一般过
填formed
去时。故填addressed
31.are called考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:博物馆
16.are
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境和空后的ow
对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观事
questioning可知,设空处所在句的时态为现在进行时,且主语表
实,应使用一般现在时;主语the parts与call是逻辑动宾关系,应
示复数意义。故填are
使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
17.have promised考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语从
32.is
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出
句sinc
the effor
started two
years ago可知,此处应用现在完成
小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语
时,且主语表示复数意义。故填have promised
a small part of a museum's collection是单数概念,谓语动词应使用
18.was built考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构
第三人称单数形式,且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for
可知,设空处为谓语,主语It指代上文中的The Xi'an City Wall,
research.中的is也是提示。故填is
与动词build之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;又由时间状语n
:33.had discovered考查动词的时态。句意:大约在公元前6000
the Tang Dynasty可知,该句用一般过去时,主语为第三人称单
年,人们已经发现了最话宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜
数,谓语应用单数。故填was built。.
分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用谓语
l9.is viewed/has been viewed考查动词的时态和语态。句意:对
动词。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。
by+过去时
科学家而言,旅行去参加会议、讲座、研讨会之类的事情来相聚
间”(by译为“到…为止”),后面的句子用过去完成时。故填
并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情
had discovered
用一般现在时,此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知,
34.is being built
考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:正在
动名词作主语与谓语之间存在被动关系。故填is viewed/ha
建造的大楼将是重庆最高的大楼。
分析句子可知,此处为which
been viewed
引导的限制性定语从句中谓语动词的填入,关系代词which指代
20.w阳s考查动词的时态。句意:你不禁要问,当时的人们要把这
先行词The building和从句谓语动词build为被动关系,结合句
些石头放好有多难。根据时间状语then,可知描述过去的事情,
意可知,此处为表示“现在正在建造”为现在进行时,所以为现在
所以用一般过去时态,主语为it。故填was
进行时的被动语态结构。故填is being built
21.ws考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:我给写信的最大的公司;】
语篇导读:本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍动物园是怎样产
之
-是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote
生的,先是有权势的人建造了属于自己的动物园,后是建动物园是
可知这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时:one of+形容词
为了研究动物
最高级+可数名词复数结构中,谓语动词用单数。故填ws
1.was established考查动词的时态和语态
,根据时间状语
22.has proved/has proven考查动词的时态。句意:它不像乔治
'around3,500 years ago"可知是过去时态。主语The first zoo和
华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象,但林
谓语动词establish是被动关系。故填was established
肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家,自从向公众开放以
built
考查动词的时态
。句中“five hundred years later'”是过去
来,就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分可知,设
的时间状语,谓语需要用过去式。故填bult
空处作谓语动词,Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield,llinois
3.consisted
考查动词的时态。本句话的语境是过去,谓语动词用
作主语;结合句意及设空处后的时间状语从句since it opened
to
过去式。故填consisted。
the public可知,此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,符合
4
were replaced考查动词的时态和语态。主语the zoos和谓语动
现在完成时概念,故设空处用现在完成时;现在完成时结构是
词replace为被动关系,并且是过去时态。故填were replaced。
has/have+过去分i词;主语Lincoln's home in downtown
15
,(were)kept考查动词的时态和语态。animals与keep之间为
Springfield,llinois是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has,提示词
被动关系且描述过去的情况,故用一般过去时的被动语态,此处
pove的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填has proved/,has
是并列谓语,前面已有be动词were,故可以省略were。故填
broven.
were kept
23.was painted考查动词的被动语态。句意:这个小房子被漆成
i6.understood
考查动i词的时态。as early as the1940s是过去的时
了白色。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语动词,The little home
间状语,谓语要用过去式。故填understood
作主语。结合句意及常识可知,房子是“被漆”的,主语和谓语动
7.have tried/have been trying
考查动词的时态。时间状语为sinc
词之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;根据下文的was,loved
thn,谓语常用现在完成时,此处也可用现在完成进行时表示动
可知,此处也为一般过去时态:一般过去时的被动语态结构是
作
直持续进行。故填have tried/have been trying
was/wee+过去分词;主语The little home是单数第三人称,所以
i8.to save
考查非谓语动词。rely on sb.to do sth.“依靠某人做某
要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was
事”为固定结构。故填to save
painted。
y.(are】watched
考查动词的时态和语态。主语animals和谓
24
sold考查动词的时态。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后
语动词watch是被动关系,且此处与and前面的are fed...为
他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,设空处
并列关系。故填(are)watched
和前面的动词rented一起作并列谓语:根据时间状语in1861可
10.are playing
考查动词的时态。由时间状语ow可知,此处应
知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sll的过去式形式是sold。故
该使用现在进行时。故填are playing.
填sold
Ⅲ.l.were tasked
impressed us most
2.is to be shown
3.will
25.was考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:然而,在城市中,女take on a new look
is wammly welcome
4.had grown up
5.are
性增加了1.3,男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少
widely acknowledged is the most influential 6.will be arranged
谓语,主语(gain)是单数,时态是一般过去时。故填was。
7.miss I'll be late
explained 8.was invited to expressed
26.touched
考查动词的时态。
句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四
IV.1.Our school English broadcast station is looking for an announcer
号
名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女神
上周在南极
2.A good knowledge of English culture as well as enthusiasm for the
艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week
ob is also essental
可知应使用一般过去时。故填touched。
3.The new announcer is expected to read English news and stories
27
means
is
onstructed考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句
4.People with previous experience and certificates of spoken English
意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle
contests are preferred
Pieters说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信
息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知,第
空也使用
第二讲非谓语动词
股现在时,主语是t,所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形
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式means。故填means。分析句子可知,第二空是宾语从句谓语用法感悟1.主it主定宾目的状2.主定宾3.状定
动词,谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系,应使用被;宾语补足表
动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时,主语the moon
即时演练(一
是单数。故填is constructed。
1.to be informed
2.To remember
3 dressed
4.turning
28.carries考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:这就是为什么用5.trapped
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