代词（讲义）-2025-2026学年中考英语一轮复习

专题二：代词 第一部分、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 考点一：人称代词的概念，用法和分类 1、 人称代词的概念：人称代词既可以指人，也可以指物。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。 2、 人称代词的用法： （1）主格：常用作主语，位于谓语动词之前。 例如：I am a student. 我是一个学生。 She likes reading books.她喜欢读书。 （2） 宾格：在句子中做宾语，放在动词和介词之后，动宾和介宾。 例如：I know him我认识他。 She gives me a book.她给了我一本书。 3、人称代词的主格和宾格记忆表格： 分类人称 单数 复数 第一人称 第二 人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 人称 代词 主格 I you he, she, it we you they 宾格 me you him, her, it us you them 【基础练习】用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．Gao Hui is my new friend. (her) lives in Chongqing. 2．Mr Black is a friend of my (father). 3．Look! There is a map of (Chinese) on the wall. 4．My parents want to meet an old friend of (their) at the party. 5．The soup is good for you. It’s a of different kinds of vegetables. (mix) 6．We had a bad time that day, but the next (day) trip was pretty good. 7．Today is my (brother) birthday. I want to make a bowl of long noodles for him. 8． (he) has many friends. Some of (they) are good at drawing. 考点二：物主代词的分类和用法 1、 物主代词的概念：表示事物的所属关系，意为“...的”，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 2、 形容词性物主代词：有形容词的作用，后面需要接名词，不能单独使用。 例句：This is my book.(这是我的书。) 3、 名词性物主代词：有名词的作用，后不接名词，可以单独使用，在句子中做主语、宾语和表语。 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。 例句：This book is mine =This is my book. 4、 “of +名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如：this is a photo of mine.(指若干照片中的一个。) 5、 物主代词的分类 分类人称 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 物主 代词 形容词性 my your his, her, its our your their 名词性 mine yours his,hers, its ours yours theirs 【随堂练习】单项选择 1．—Hey, look! This blue schoolbag is on the desk. Is it yours? —No, my schoolbag is red. Maybe it’s ______. ________ bag is blue too. A．Lucy’s; She B．Lucy; Her C．Lucy’s; Her 2．— I can’t find ____ pen anywhere. May I borrow ________? — Of course. A．mine; yours B．my; yours C．my; your D．mine; your 3．—May _______ have your name please? —________ name is Tom. A．my; I B．I; My C．me; My D．I; Me 4．—Is this _______ pencil box? —Yes, it’s ________. A．your; mine B．you; my C．your; my D．you; mine 5．—Miss Ma teaches ________ Music, right?    —Yes, we all like_________ voice very much. A．you; her B．your; she’s C．you; she D．your; her’s 6．—Whose notebook is this? —It isn’t _______. Mine is in my schoolbag. A．mine B．yours C．his D．hers 7．—Does your sister usually go to school by bike? —Yes, the bike in front of the building is _______. A．mine B．his C．yours D．hers 8．This is _______ classroom. ________ is next to ours. A．we, Yours B．us, Your C．our, Yours 考点三：反身代词的用法和分类 1、反身代词的概念：其核心是指代主语本身，意为“某人自己”须与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 2、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反身(指一个动作执行者本身)。 如：Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.不要玩刀子,那会弄伤你自己。 3、反身代词的常见固定搭配 enjoy oneself（玩得开心） help oneself to...（随便吃/用） by oneself（独自） hurt oneself（弄伤自己） 4、反身代词的分类表格 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself我自己 ourselves我们自己 第二人称 yourself你自己 yourselves你们自己 第三人称 himself他自己 herself她自己 itself它自己 Themselves 他/她/它们自己 【基础练习】 1．Parents often buy something nice for their children, but nothing for . (they) 2．To our surprise, the little boy has no difficulty expressing (he) clearly in English. 3．Only by studying hard continuously can we promise (our) a bright future. 4．I couldn’t speak English well, so I had trouble making understood. 5．She often says to (her) when she is alone. 第二部分、指示代词 考点一：指示代词的分类和辨析。 1、指示代词的概念：用来指代人或事物，表“这个/那个、这些/那些”，明确指代对象。 2、指示代词的分类： 单数：this（这个，指近处） that（那个，指远处） 复数：these（这些，指近处） those（那些，指远处） 3、六大核心用法： （1）指代单数/复数名词：This is a pen.（这是一支笔）；Those are books.（那些是书）。 （2）指代前文内容（单数用that，复数用those）：He failed the exam. That made him sad.（他考试失利了，这让他很伤心）。 （3）打电话时：this代“我”，that代“你”，如 Hello, this is Tom. Is that Lucy?（喂，我是汤姆，你是露西吗？）。 （4）在疑问句中 this,that,these 和 those 作主语，回答要用 it 代替 this 或 that ，they 代替 these 或 those。 例句：—Is this your book? 这是你的书吗？ —Yes,it is. 是的，它是 —What are those? 那些是什么? —They are cows. 它们是奶牛 （5）在比较级句型中指代与前面的名词“同类”的事物，以避免重复。that 常用来指代前面提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词；those 常用来指代前面提到的复数名词。 例句：The windows of your room are cleaner than those of mine. 你房间的窗户比我房间的（窗户）干净。 【基础练习】用适当形式填空 1． (这些) vegetables are good for us. 2． (This) apples are red. 3．Look at (this) rabbits. They’re so cute! 4．This is my ruler and (that) are my pencils. 5． (those) is a green apple over there. 6．What are (that) in the yard? 第三部分、不定代词 考点一：不定代词的分类和用法。 1. 不定代词概念：不明确指代某个人、物或数量，表“泛指”，如“一些、任何、每个、所有”等。 常见的不定代词有：some、any、all、none、both、either、either、each、 other、another、much、many、few、little、one等。 考点二：不定代词的分类辨析 1、 表示两者的: both neither either 三者的：all none 的辨析 分类 单词 常见固定搭配 谓语动词形式 例句 两者 both both...and...意为“...和...” 复数 Both you and me are students.（你和我都是学生） Both of my friends are good at playing basketball.(我的两个朋友都擅长打篮球） both of ...意为：“两者都...” neither neither of...意为：“两者都不” 单数 Neither of us speaks English.（我们两个都不说英语） neither ...nor...意为“既不...也不...” 就近原则 Neither Tom nor I likes playing football.(汤姆和我都不喜欢踢足球） either either of...意为“两者中的一个...” 单数 Either of these two books is easy.(这两本书哪一本都很容易。） either...or...意为“或者...或者...” 就近原则 Either lily or Mary is right(要么莉莉，要么露西是正确的。） 三者 all all of 三者以上都 复数 All of the books are intererting (这些书都很有趣） none None of 三者以上都不 单数/复数 None of us like/likes the book.(我们都不喜欢这本书。 2、a few， few， a little与little的辨析 修饰可数名词复数 修饰不可数名词 例句 肯定意义 a few （有一点） a little （有一点） I have a few good friends .(我有几个好朋友） I have a little money with me（我有一点钱） 否定意义 few （几乎没有） little （几乎没有） I have few good books. （我几乎没有好书） I have little money. （我几乎没钱） 3、some 和any 不定代词 相同点 不同点 例句 some 都表示“一些”既可以修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词 用于肯定句中，当表达请求和建议的疑问句中可以用some。 I have some apples.(我有一些苹果。） I have some money.(我有一些钱。） Would you like some tea?(你要来一些茶吗？） any 一般用于疑问句和否定句中 I don’t have any apples. 4、many和much 不定代词 相同点 不同点 例句 many 两个词都有“许多”的意思 修饰可数名词 There are many apples in the basket.(篮子里有许多苹果。 much 修饰不可数名词 There is much water in the glass.(被子里有许多水。） 5、each和every 不定代词 相同点 不同点 例句 each 都可表示每一个，谓语动词都用单数形式。 具体每一个，强调个体。可构成each+of+名词/代词 Each book on this desk is worth reading. (桌子上的每一本书都值得读。 every 强调“全体”“一个也不缺”。后面不可加of. Every child must study well。（每个孩子都应该好好学习。） 6、the other， others， the others与another 不定代词 用法 例句 the other 表示特指，指两者中的另一个 one...the other...“一个……，另一个……” I have two sisters.one is beautiful.the other is smart.(我有两个姐姐，一个很漂亮，一个很聪明。） others 表示泛指，意为“其他的；其他人”，指除去某些后剩下的一部分，相当于“other+可数名词复数” He is always ready to help others.(他总是乐于帮助其他人。） the others 表示特指，指一定范围内除去某些后剩下的全部，相当于“the other+可数名词复数” Some students are reading ,and the others are doing exercises.(一些学生在读书，剩余的在做练习。） another 表示泛指，指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”，其后可以接可数名词单数；也可用作代词 This ruler is too short for me.Please give me another.（这把尺子太短了，请另给我一把。） 【基础练习】单项选择 1．—How much salt is there in the kitchen? —_______. I will go to the supermarket to buy some. A．None B．Nothing C．No one 2．We must buy some eggs, there are only _______ eggs left. A．few B．a few C．a little 3．—Mom, there are two apples. Are they for me? —Yes. You can have ______. Leave the other one for your little brother. A．both B．either C．neither 4．________ of the students was in the classroom. They all went to the music club. A．Either B．Both C．None D．All 5．I have ______ homework to do this weekend. A．few B．a few C．much D．many 6．Everyone likes Tom because he is kind to ________ classmates. A．another B．other C．others D．the other 7．It’s amazing that birds always know the correct direction. They never get lost when they’re travelling from one place to ______. A．the other B．others C．other D．another 8．My father had only ________ sleep last night, so he felt ________ sleepy today. A．a bit; a little B．a little; a little bit C．a bit; little D．a little; a bit little 9．She has two brothers. One is a teacher and ________is a doctor. A．another B．other C．the other D．others 10．_______ there ________ money and several coins in my bag? A．Are, some B．Is, any C．Have, any D．Are, any 11．—Where would you like to visit first, the Summer Palace or the Great Wall? — _______ is OK for me. It’s up to you. A．Either B．Neither C．Both D．All 12．Look! _______ of the students has an English book in the hand. They are reading English. A．Every B．Both C．Each D．All 第四部分、疑问代词 考点一：疑问代词的分类和用法。 1、疑问代词的概念：用来表示疑问或构成疑问句的代词，在疑问句中，一般放在句首的位置。常见的疑问代词有：who,whom,whose,what,which等。 2、疑问代词的用法: 疑问代词 用法 例句 who “谁”，对人的身份提问，代替主语、表语、宾语 Who wants to go home? whom “谁”，问人，是who的宾格，作宾语 Whom is she talking to? whose “谁的”，who的所有格形式，作宾语、定语、表语 Whose pen is this? what “什么”，可对职业，东西和物品，内容进行提问。 What did she say? which “哪一个”，指在一定范围内的人或物 Which class are you in? 【基础练习】用适当形式填空 1．I really don’t know with (who) should discuss the problem. 2．For (who) is the birthday party? 3．A: boy is your cousin? (疑问代词填空) B: The one with short dark hair. B: Chemistry, because it requires more memorization. 4．A: do you usually do at a birthday party? (疑问代词填空) B: We eat cake, sing songs and play games. 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题二：代词 第一部分、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词 考点一：人称代词的概念，用法和分类 1、 人称代词的概念：人称代词既可以指人，也可以指物。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。 2、 人称代词的用法： （1）主格：常用作主语，位于谓语动词之前。 例如：I am a student. 我是一个学生。 She likes reading books.她喜欢读书。 （2） 宾格：在句子中做宾语，放在动词和介词之后，动宾和介宾。 例如：I know him我认识他。 She gives me a book.她给了我一本书。 3、人称代词的主格和宾格记忆表格： 分类人称 单数 复数 第一人称 第二 人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 人称 代词 主格 I you he, she, it we you they 宾格 me you him, her, it us you them 【基础练习】用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．Gao Hui is my new friend. She (her) lives in Chongqing. 2．Mr Black is a friend of my father’s (father). 3．Look! There is a map of Chinese (Chinese) on the wall. 4．My parents want to meet an old friend of theirs (their) at the party. 5．The soup is good for you. It’s a mixture of different kinds of vegetables. (mix) 6．We had a bad time that day, but the next day’s (day) trip was pretty good. 7．Today is my brother’s (brother) birthday. I want to make a bowl of long noodles for him. 8． He (he) has many friends. Some of them (they) are good at drawing. 考点二：物主代词的分类和用法 1、 物主代词的概念：表示事物的所属关系，意为“...的”，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 2、 形容词性物主代词：有形容词的作用，后面需要接名词，不能单独使用。 例句：This is my book.(这是我的书。) 3、 名词性物主代词：有名词的作用，后不接名词，可以单独使用，在句子中做主语、宾语和表语。 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。 例句：This book is mine =This is my book. 4、 “of +名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如：this is a photo of mine.(指若干照片中的一个。) 5、 物主代词的分类 分类人称 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 物主 代词 形容词性 my your his, her, its our your their 名词性 mine yours his,hers, its ours yours theirs 【随堂练习】单项选择 1．—Hey, look! This blue schoolbag is on the desk. Is it yours? —No, my schoolbag is red. Maybe it’s _____C___. ________ bag is blue too. A．Lucy’s; She B．Lucy; Her C．Lucy’s; Her 2．— I can’t find __B____ pen anywhere. May I borrow ________? — Of course. A．mine; yours B．my; yours C．my; your D．mine; your 3．—May ____B____ have your name please? —________ name is Tom. A．my; I B．I; My C．me; My D．I; Me 4．—Is this __A______ pencil box? —Yes, it’s ________. A．your; mine B．you; my C．your; my D．you; mine 5．—Miss Ma teaches __A______ Music, right?    —Yes, we all like_________ voice very much. A．you; her B．your; she’s C．you; she D．your; her’s 6．—Whose notebook is this? —It isn’t ____A____. Mine is in my schoolbag. A．mine B．yours C．his D．hers 7．—Does your sister usually go to school by bike? —Yes, the bike in front of the building is __D______. A．mine B．his C．yours D．hers 8．This is ____C____ classroom. ________ is next to ours. A．we, Yours B．us, Your C．our, Yours 考点三：反身代词的用法和分类 1、反身代词的概念：其核心是指代主语本身，意为“某人自己”须与主语在人称和数上保持一致。 2、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反身(指一个动作执行者本身)。 如：Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.不要玩刀子,那会弄伤你自己。 3、反身代词的常见固定搭配 enjoy oneself（玩得开心） help oneself to...（随便吃/用） by oneself（独自） hurt oneself（弄伤自己） 4、反身代词的分类表格 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself我自己 ourselves我们自己 第二人称 yourself你自己 yourselves你们自己 第三人称 himself他自己 herself她自己 itself它自己 Themselves 他/她/它们自己 【基础练习】 1．Parents often buy something nice for their children, but nothing for themselves . (they) 2．To our surprise, the little boy has no difficulty expressing himself (he) clearly in English. 3．Only by studying hard continuously can we promise ourselves (our) a bright future. 4．I couldn’t speak English well, so I had trouble making myself understood. 5．She often says to herself (her) when she is alone. 第二部分、指示代词 考点一：指示代词的分类和辨析。 1、指示代词的概念：用来指代人或事物，表“这个/那个、这些/那些”，明确指代对象。 2、指示代词的分类： 单数：this（这个，指近处） that（那个，指远处） 复数：these（这些，指近处） those（那些，指远处） 3、六大核心用法： （1）指代单数/复数名词：This is a pen.（这是一支笔）；Those are books.（那些是书）。 （2）指代前文内容（单数用that，复数用those）：He failed the exam. That made him sad.（他考试失利了，这让他很伤心）。 （3）打电话时：this代“我”，that代“你”，如 Hello, this is Tom. Is that Lucy?（喂，我是汤姆，你是露西吗？）。 （4）在疑问句中 this,that,these 和 those 作主语，回答要用 it 代替 this 或 that ，they 代替 these 或 those。 例句：—Is this your book? 这是你的书吗？ —Yes,it is. 是的，它是 —What are those? 那些是什么? —They are cows. 它们是奶牛 （5）在比较级句型中指代与前面的名词“同类”的事物，以避免重复。that 常用来指代前面提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词；those 常用来指代前面提到的复数名词。 例句：The windows of your room are cleaner than those of mine. 你房间的窗户比我房间的（窗户）干净。 【基础练习】用适当形式填空 1． These (这些) vegetables are good for us. 2． These (This) apples are red. 3．Look at these (this) rabbits. They’re so cute! 4．This is my ruler and those (that) are my pencils. 5． That (those) is a green apple over there. 6．What are those (that) in the yard? 第三部分、不定代词 考点一：不定代词的分类和用法。 1. 不定代词概念：不明确指代某个人、物或数量，表“泛指”，如“一些、任何、每个、所有”等。 常见的不定代词有：some、any、all、none、both、either、either、each、 other、another、much、many、few、little、one等。 考点二：不定代词的分类辨析 1、 表示两者的: both neither either 三者的：all none 的辨析 分类 单词 常见固定搭配 谓语动词形式 例句 两者 both both...and...意为“...和...” 复数 Both you and me are students.（你和我都是学生） Both of my friends are good at playing basketball.(我的两个朋友都擅长打篮球） both of ...意为：“两者都...” neither neither of...意为：“两者都不” 单数 Neither of us speaks English.（我们两个都不说英语） neither ...nor...意为“既不...也不...” 就近原则 Neither Tom nor I likes playing football.(汤姆和我都不喜欢踢足球） either either of...意为“两者中的一个...” 单数 Either of these two books is easy.(这两本书哪一本都很容易。） either...or...意为“或者...或者...” 就近原则 Either lily or Mary is right(要么莉莉，要么露西是正确的。） 三者 all all of 三者以上都 复数 All of the books are intererting (这些书都很有趣） none None of 三者以上都不 单数/复数 None of us like/likes the book.(我们都不喜欢这本书。 2、a few， few， a little与little的辨析 修饰可数名词复数 修饰不可数名词 例句 肯定意义 a few （有一点） a little （有一点） I have a few good friends .(我有几个好朋友） I have a little money with me（我有一点钱） 否定意义 few （几乎没有） little （几乎没有） I have few good books. （我几乎没有好书） I have little money. （我几乎没钱） 3、some 和any 不定代词 相同点 不同点 例句 some 都表示“一些”既可以修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词 用于肯定句中，当表达请求和建议的疑问句中可以用some。 I have some apples.(我有一些苹果。） I have some money.(我有一些钱。） Would you like some tea?(你要来一些茶吗？） any 一般用于疑问句和否定句中 I don’t have any apples. 4、many和much 不定代词 相同点 不同点 例句 many 两个词都有“许多”的意思 修饰可数名词 There are many apples in the basket.(篮子里有许多苹果。 much 修饰不可数名词 There is much water in the glass.(被子里有许多水。） 5、each和every 不定代词 相同点 不同点 例句 each 都可表示每一个，谓语动词都用单数形式。 具体每一个，强调个体。可构成each+of+名词/代词 Each book on this desk is worth reading. (桌子上的每一本书都值得读。 every 强调“全体”“一个也不缺”。后面不可加of. Every child must study well。（每个孩子都应该好好学习。） 6、the other， others， the others与another 不定代词 用法 例句 the other 表示特指，指两者中的另一个 one...the other...“一个……，另一个……” I have two sisters.one is beautiful.the other is smart.(我有两个姐姐，一个很漂亮，一个很聪明。） others 表示泛指，意为“其他的；其他人”，指除去某些后剩下的一部分，相当于“other+可数名词复数” He is always ready to help others.(他总是乐于帮助其他人。） the others 表示特指，指一定范围内除去某些后剩下的全部，相当于“the other+可数名词复数” Some students are reading ,and the others are doing exercises.(一些学生在读书，剩余的在做练习。） another 表示泛指，指三者或三者以上中的“另一个”，其后可以接可数名词单数；也可用作代词 This ruler is too short for me.Please give me another.（这把尺子太短了，请另给我一把。） 【基础练习】单项选择 1．—How much salt is there in the kitchen? —____A____. I will go to the supermarket to buy some. A．None B．Nothing C．No one 2．We must buy some eggs, there are only ____B____ eggs left. A．few B．a few C．a little 3．—Mom, there are two apples. Are they for me? —Yes. You can have ____B____. Leave the other one for your little brother. A．both B．either C．neither 4．_____C___ of the students was in the classroom. They all went to the music club. A．Either B．Both C．None D．All 5．I have __C_____ homework to do this weekend. A．few B．a few C．much D．many 6．Everyone likes Tom because he is kind to ____B____ classmates. A．another B．other C．others D．the other 7．It’s amazing that birds always know the correct direction. They never get lost when they’re travelling from one place to ___D_____. A．the other B．others C．other D．another 8．My father had only ____B____ sleep last night, so he felt ________ sleepy today. A．a bit; a little B．a little; a little bit C．a bit; little D．a little; a bit little 9．She has two brothers. One is a teacher and _____C___is a doctor. A．another B．other C．the other D．others 10．___B_____ there ________ money and several coins in my bag? A．Are, some B．Is, any C．Have, any D．Are, any 11．—Where would you like to visit first, the Summer Palace or the Great Wall? — ___A_____ is OK for me. It’s up to you. A．Either B．Neither C．Both D．All 12．Look! ___C_____ of the students has an English book in the hand. They are reading English. A．Every B．Both C．Each D．All 第四部分、疑问代词 考点一：疑问代词的分类和用法。 1、疑问代词的概念：用来表示疑问或构成疑问句的代词，在疑问句中，一般放在句首的位置。常见的疑问代词有：who,whom,whose,what,which等。 2、疑问代词的用法: 疑问代词 用法 例句 who “谁”，对人的身份提问，代替主语、表语、宾语 Who wants to go home? whom “谁”，问人，是who的宾格，作宾语 Whom is she talking to? whose “谁的”，who的所有格形式，作宾语、定语、表语 Whose pen is this? what “什么”，可对职业，东西和物品，内容进行提问。 What did she say? which “哪一个”，指在一定范围内的人或物 Which class are you in? 【基础练习】用适当形式填空 1．I really don’t know with whom (who) should discuss the problem. 2．For whom (who) is the birthday party? 3．A: which boy is your cousin? (疑问代词填空) B: The one with short dark hair. B: Chemistry, because it requires more memorization. 4．A: what do you usually do at a birthday party? (疑问代词填空) B: We eat cake, sing songs and play games. 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $