第9讲 动词不定式-核心语法 重难点专项突破 任务单 2026届高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）

高考核心语法·精练 第9讲 动词不定式2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、动词不定式基础及句法功能（主语 / 宾语）表 此表格梳理动词不定式的基础形式及 “作主语、作宾语” 两大核心功能，明确各功能的结构规则与高频场景，覆盖文档 “考点一、考点二” 内容，是掌握不定式基本用法的核心框架，可直接用于语法填空、句型转换中对主语 / 宾语成分的判断。 功能 结构规则 高频示例 基础形式 肯定式：to + 动词原形；否定式：not to + 动词原形 to study English；not to waste time 作主语 1. 直接作主语：不定式置于句首，谓语用单数 2. “疑问词 + 不定式” 作主语：疑问词（what/how/when）+ to do，谓语用单数 3. It 作形式主语：It + be + 形容词 / 名词 (for/of sb) + to do（for 表动作特征，of 表人的品质） 1. To finish the task is necessary 2. How to solve the problem is unknown 3. It is kind of her to help（of 表品质）；It is important for us to learn（for 表动作） 作宾语 1. 只接 to do 的动词：manage/expect/choose/refuse/decide/plan/promise 等 2. 接 to do/doing 意义不同的动词：forget（to do 未做 /doing 已做）、remember（同理）、stop（to do 做另事 /doing 停做事）、regret（to do 遗憾做 /doing 后悔做）等 1. She refused to accept the gift 2. He forgot to lock the door（未做）；He forgot locking it（已做） 注意事项： 1. 作主语时谓语单复数：无论不定式内容是否为复数，谓语均用单数（错误：To sing and dance are fun；正确：To sing and dance is fun）； 2. It 作形式主语的 for/of 区分：形容词描述 “人”（kind/foolish）用 of，描述 “动作”（difficult/important）用 for（错误：It is kind for her to help；正确：It is kind of her to help）； 3. 接 to do/doing 异义动词的语境判断：核心区分 “动作是否已发生” 或 “动作是否转换”，避免因语义混淆导致错误（如 “stop to eat” 表 “停下来去吃饭”，“stop eating” 表 “停止吃饭”）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. __________ (master) a foreign language requires a lot of time and consistent practice every day. 2. It is important for us __________ (protect) the endangered animals before they disappear completely. 3. The little girl forgot __________ (turn) off the light in her bedroom this morning, so her mother had to do it for her. 4. Our manager decided __________ (postpone) the meeting until next Monday because several key members are on business trips. 5. He regretted __________ (argue) with his best friend yesterday, so he sent a message to apologize this morning. 二、动词不定式作补足语表 此表格聚焦动词不定式 “作补足语” 的四类场景，明确观感使役类、说服鼓励类、with 复合结构、据说据报道类的用法规则，解决 “宾补是否省 to”“主补如何搭配” 等高频易错点。 类型 结构规则 适用场景 示例 观感使役类宾补 1. 常用动词：see/watch/hear/make/let/have/feel 等 2. 规则：主动语态中省略 to，被动语态中需补回 to 描述 “看 / 听 / 使役” 类动作的宾语补足语 主动：I saw him run；被动：He was seen to run 说服鼓励类宾补 1. 常用动词：persuade/encourage/warn/tell/ask/expect 等 2. 规则：接 “宾语 + to do”，否定式为 “宾语 + not to do” 表达 “说服 / 警告 / 期待” 等动作的宾语补足语 She encouraged me to keep trying；The sign warns drivers not to park with 复合结构宾补 1. 结构：with + 名词 + to do 2. 规则：不定式表 “主动、尚未发生” 的动作，与名词构成逻辑动宾关系 伴随状语中的宾语补足语，强调 “未发生的动作” He walked in with a report to submit（报告未提交） 据说据报道类主补 1. 常用结构：be said/be believed/be reported/be known + to do 2. 规则：不定式作主补，可根据语境用进行式（to be doing）、完成式（to have done） 表达 “被认为 / 据说 / 据报道” 的主语补足语（被动语态中） She is said to donate half her salary monthly；The team is believed to be developing a new car 注意事项： 1. 观感使役类的 to 省略与补回：主动语态必须省 to，被动语态必须补 to（错误：He was made work；正确：He was made to work）； 2. with 复合结构的不定式逻辑：名词需是不定式动作的承受者（即 “名词 + to do” 为动宾关系），不可用于主动关系（错误：with him to read a book；正确：with a book to read）； 3. 据说类主补的时态：表 “正在进行” 用 to be doing，表 “已完成” 用 to have done（错误：He is said to work here for 10 years；正确：He is said to have worked here for 10 years）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The teacher made the naughty boy __________ (stand) in the corner of the classroom for 10 minutes because he disturbed the class. 2. The famous actor is reported __________ (donate) a large sum of money to the disaster-stricken area last week. 3. With so many tasks __________ (finish) before the deadline, the employees have to work overtime every day this month. 4. Our English teacher often encourages us __________ (practice) speaking English as much as possible in daily life. 5. The little boy was seen __________ (climb) the tall tree in the park yesterday afternoon, which made his parents very worried. 三、动词不定式作定语 / 状语表 此表格梳理动词不定式 “作定语、作状语” 的三类高频场景，明确定语的修饰对象规则、状语的功能区分，覆盖语法填空中 “名词后接不定式”“目的 / 结果状语判断” 等核心考点。 功能 结构规则 适用场景 示例 作定语 1. 序数词后：first/second/last + 名词 + to do 2. 形容词最高级后：the best/the most important + 名词 + to do 3. 特定名词后：decision/plan/effort/ability/chance/promise + to do 修饰序数词、最高级限定的名词，或抽象名词，说明名词的 “内容 / 目的” 1. The last thing to do is turn off lights 2. The best time to visit is spring 3. His plan to start a business needs preparation 作状语 1. 目的状语：to do/in order to do（可句首）/so as to do（不可句首），否定式 “not to do” 2. 结果状语：too…to…（太… 而不能）/enough to do（足够… 去做）/only to do（结果却） 3. 反射不定式（原因 / 特征）：be + 形容词 + to do（主动表被动，形容词描述主语特征） 1. 表动作目的 2. 表动作结果 3. 表主语的特征或原因 1. To improve English, he practices daily（目的）；He turned down music so as not to disturb（否定目的） 2. She is too young to drive（结果）；They searched everywhere only to find nothing（意外结果） 注意事项： 1. 作定语的不定式与名词的逻辑关系：需确保名词是不定式动作的承受者（动宾关系）或执行者（主谓关系），不可无逻辑关联（错误：a book to read it；正确：a book to read）； 2. 目的状语的 so as to do 限制：不可置于句首（错误：So as to catch the bus, he got up early；正确：To catch the bus, he got up early 或 He got up early so as to catch the bus）； 3. 反射不定式的被动含义：虽用主动形式，但主语是不定式动作的承受者，不可再用被动式（错误：The question is difficult to be answered；正确：The question is difficult to answer）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. This is the first time for me __________ (visit) the Great Wall, which is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. 2. She got up very early this morning __________ (catch) the first bus to the airport, but she still missed it because of the heavy traffic. 3. The problem is too difficult for the students __________ (solve) without the teacher’s help. 4. He is one of the most experienced doctors __________ (perform) this kind of operation in our hospital. 5. The young man has made a decision __________ (give up) smoking because his doctor warned him of the health risks. 四、动词不定式作表语及省略用法表 此表格梳理动词不定式 “作表语” 的规则及 “省略 to” 的特殊场景，解决 “表语是否省 to”“哪些场景可省 to” 等易错问题，适用于写作中句式优化及语法填空的细节判断。 功能 结构规则 适用场景 示例 作表语 1. 基本用法：系动词（be/seem/appear/become/remain）后接 to do，表主语的内容、目的、特征 2. 省 to 规则：主语部分含实义动词 do（任何形式：do/does/did/doing/done），作表语的不定式可省 to 1. 说明主语的 “内容 / 目的” 2. 避免重复实义动词 do 1. The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the policy 2. What he did last night was (to) watch a movie（省 to）；The only thing to do is (to) sign（省 to） 省略 to 的场景 1. 观感使役类动词接宾补：see/watch/hear/make/let 等（主动语态） 2. 高频句型：may as well do/had better do/do nothing but do/can't help but do/Why not do/prefer to do rather than do/would rather do than do 3. 避免重复：不定式内容重复时，保留 to，省略动词（若不定式后是 be 动词，需保留 be） 1. 主动语态的宾补 2. 固定句型 3. 避免语义重复 1. I heard her sing（省 to） 2. You had better go now；Why not try again；She prefers to cook rather than eat out 3. This is the place I want to live in, but I can't afford to（省 live in）；He is not the man he used to be（保留 be） 注意事项： 1. 作表语省 to 的前提：必须是主语含实义动词 do，无实义动词 do 时不可省 to（错误：His goal is study hard；正确：His goal is to study hard）； 2. 省略 to 的句型固定性：“had better/Why not” 等句型后必须接动词原形，不可加 to（错误：Why not to try；正确：Why not try）； 3. 避免重复时的 be 动词保留：若原不定式含 be 动词，省略时需保留 be（错误：He is not the man he used to；正确：He is not the man he used to be）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The main purpose of this training course is __________ (improve) the employees’ communication skills in the workplace. 2. What the old craftsman did yesterday was __________ (repair) the ancient wooden chair that has a history of over 100 years. 3. You had better __________ (check) the weather forecast before you go on a trip to the mountain area, in case it rains suddenly. 4. The little boy said he would rather __________ (stay) at home and read books than go out to play with his classmates. 5. She doesn’t like this dress, but she has no other clothes __________ (wear) to the party tonight, so she has to take it. 五、动词不定式高频考情及易错点辨析表 此表格汇总文档 “考情解码” 中的高频考点及 “易混易错” 内容，明确近 5 年高考考频、命题趋势及易错点，帮助针对性复习，规避常见语法错误。 类别 具体内容 高考示例 易错点示例 高频考点及考频 1. 作宾语（5 年 6 考）：如 plan to continue（2022 浙江）、aim to have（2021 全国乙） 2. 作定语（5 年 5 考）：如 to rent（2025 浙江）、to journey（2022 全国甲） 3. 作补足语（5 年 3 考）：如 to be lifted（2023 新课标 I）、to find（2024 新课标 II） 4. 作主语（5 年 2 考）：如 to walk（2021 全国甲）、to break（2020 北京） 1. 2025 全国一卷：We hope to present... 2. 2025 全国二卷：the chance to discover... 3. 2024 新课标 II 卷：amazed to find... 4. 2021 全国甲卷：It is possible to walk... —— 易混动词辨析 1. forget to do（未做）vs forget doing（已做） 2. remember to do（未做）vs remember doing（已做） 3. stop to do（做另事）vs stop doing（停做事） 1. 2018 天津：I didn’t mean to eat...（未做）；couldn’t help trying（情不自禁） 2. 2012 安徽：I remembered locking the door（已做） 1. 错误：I forgot to meet him yesterday（已做→错误）；正确：I forgot meeting him yesterday 2. 错误：He stopped to smoke（停抽烟→错误）；正确：He stopped smoking to 的省略与补回 1. 观感使役类主动省 to，被动补 to 2. 作表语时主语含 do 省 to，无 do 不省 to 1. 2023 新课标 I 卷：allowing them to be lifted（被动补 to） 2. 2009 全国：The purpose is to make...（无 do 不省 to） 1. 错误：He was seen run（被动未补 to）；正确：He was seen to run 2. 错误：What he said was tell the truth（主语无 do 省 to）；正确：What he said was to tell the truth 注意事项： 1. 结合考频重点复习：作宾语、定语、补足语是近 5 年高频考点，需重点掌握对应动词及结构； 2. 易混动词的语境判断：通过 “动作是否已发生”“动作是否转换” 区分 to do/doing 的含义，避免凭直觉判断； 3. to 的省略与补回的被动语态：牢记 “主动省、被动补”，这是高考语法填空的高频易错点，需反复验证。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The scientist is said __________ (work) on a new project about renewable energy recently, which will be completed next year. 2. He stopped __________ (drink) a cup of coffee after he had been working on the computer for two hours. 3. It is kind of you __________ (help) me carry the heavy luggage to the train station this morning. 4. The children were made __________ (clean) their own bedrooms every weekend by their parents to develop their independence. 5. She remembered __________ (lock) the door before she left the office yesterday, but when she came back this morning, she found it open. 一、单句语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025高三上·江苏·专题练习）The theater aims (build) a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing Shakespeare’s comedy in sign language. 2．（2025·广东·二模）Fortunately, there is a huge industry of plastic-free products (target) at eco-conscious consumers. 3．（2025高三上·江苏·专题练习） (allow) for the bad weather, we should set off right now. 4．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）He repeated the question in an even sterner tone, “Where is God!!?” Again the boy made no attempt (answer). 5．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）On their return, the father asked his son (explain) what he had learnt. 6．（2025高三上·江苏·专题练习）The ability (smile) is actually something we are born with. 7．（2025·广东·二模）They are close friends, so nothing is likely (threat) their relationship which many people find harmonious. 8．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem (call) caffeinism. 9．（23-24高三上·福建·开学考试） (expose) to freezing weather, courageous tourists and scientists still choose to visit Antarctica. 10．（2025高三上·江苏·专题练习）The president agreed, (add) that he hope for a peaceful solution. 11．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Yet they’re hard (beat) — when it comes to recreational offerings, including nightlife, culture and entertainment . 12．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）King Edgar was the first monarch (bury) there in 1065. 13．（2025高三上·江苏·专题练习）I have agreed (go) with Alice to buy some clothes. 14．（2025·江苏南京·一模） (ease) this area’s water shortage, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, whose construction was remarkable engineering achievement. 15．（2025·江苏南京·一模）Found in 2007, walls of the ruins and the surrounding water conservation system combined to display a massive infrastructure base, construction of which is estimated (take) 4,000 people a decade to accomplish. Passage 1 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 1 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 2 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 3 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 4 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 5 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 6 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 7 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 8 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 9 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 10 (want) more next time. Passage 2 （2025·广东·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 How can a timeless story come alive again? 1 (stage) at the Esplanade — Theatres on the Bay in Singapore, the Chinese classic, A Dream of Red Mansions, attracted an audience of about 7,000, marking the start of its first overseas tour. The dance drama unfolds a centuries-old tale, rich with love and 2 (lose). As the curtain slowly rose, the audiences 3 (draw) into a world of traditional Chinese beauty. Inspired by classical ink paintings, the stage design combined folding screens, silk curtains, tables and soft lights 4 (create) a space rooted in Chinese aesthetics (美学) . Then the Jia family’s mansion appeared, 5 delicate columns and roofs reflecting the elegance of the. Qing Dynasty. At the center 6 (stand) Jia Baoyu, dressed in red, and the fates of the “12 beauties” began to emerge. The director and choreographer (编舞者), Li Xing and Li Chao, artfully wove the number12 into the performance — 12 bunches of flowers, 12 high-back chairs, 12 colors, and 12 dance pieces, each symbolizing 7 unique aspect of the journey of “12 beauties”. Their lives, 8 revealed their emotional depth and complexity, came to life in dance through the eyes of Jia. Audiences were impressed by the rich storytelling, graceful choreography, and 9 (strike) stage design, calling it a feast for the senses. “We hope this work of art helps more people engage with Chinese culture and promotes 10 (deep) understanding between traditions,” said Liao Yi, general manager of the Jiangsu Centre for the Performing Arts. Passage 3 （2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 1 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 3 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should 5 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 6 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 7 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 8 (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 10 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. Passage 4 （2025·陕西商洛·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For the over 20 rangers (护林员) in the Wanglang National Nature Reserve, apart 1 protecting the forest, they serve another critical function — education. Located in the northern tip of Sichuan, Wanglang is 2 (little) well known than the nearby scenic areas of Jiuzhaigou. But it offers something different. 3 (particular) in the summer months, the reserve’s rangers have a busy schedule acting as guides and educators to many tour groups. They teach them about the forest, environmental protection, and the local species, forest 4 (manage). This service makes Wanglang different from other nature reserves, 5 (enable) it to carve out its own niche in nature education. The 323-square-kilometer park, about the size of the island of Malta, 6 (visit) by a diverse range of people, from elementary and high school students to scholars, as well as families and botany enthusiasts from overseas. “Despite the growing number of visitors, 7 brings in a lot of income,” Zhao Lianjun, director of the Wanglang reserve said, “conservation will always remain 8 only key focus.” Wanglang was one of the very first nature reserves in the country 9 (offer) nature education, according to Zhao. 10 (found) as a wild giant panda reserve in 1965, Wanglang’s long tradition of cooperating with research institutions have made it a prime location for nature education. Passage 5 （2025·广西·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cultural policymakers and experts from China and Malaysia are now crafting an action plan for protecting and promoting the lion dance, a tradition that has leaped across borders and generations, after 1 (submit) a joint bid to UNESCO in late March to recognize the art form as a shared intangible cultural heritage. The 2 (apply) follows a commitment made in 3 statement signed last year, which said the two countries have agreed to work together on the multinational nomination (提名) to officially put the lion dance 4 the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. 5 (typical) performed during festivals and celebrations, the lion dance, which integrates martial arts, dance and music, was brought to Malaysia by Chinese immigrants and 6 (develop) gradually into a cross-cultural spectacle enjoyed by diverse communities in the Southeast Asian nation. This 7 (include) development not only broadens the reach of the lion dance, but also inspires local artists to innovate. In the 1980s, Malaysian performers reshaped the traditional Chinese lion dance through the creation of the high-pole lion dance. The creative art form 8 (recognize) as Malaysia’s national intangible cultural heritage in 2007. “ 9 there are overseas Chinese, there’s the lion dance,” said Chin Yew Sin, president of Malaysia’s Oriental Culture Research Centre. He suggested that China and Malaysia expand their cooperation to include more Southeast Asian countries where the lion dance is popular, such as Thailand and Indonesia, 10 (enhance) regional cultural exchanges. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考核心语法·精练 第9讲 动词不定式2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、动词不定式基础及句法功能（主语 / 宾语）表 此表格梳理动词不定式的基础形式及 “作主语、作宾语” 两大核心功能，明确各功能的结构规则与高频场景，覆盖文档 “考点一、考点二” 内容，是掌握不定式基本用法的核心框架，可直接用于语法填空、句型转换中对主语 / 宾语成分的判断。 功能 结构规则 高频示例 基础形式 肯定式：to + 动词原形；否定式：not to + 动词原形 to study English；not to waste time 作主语 1. 直接作主语：不定式置于句首，谓语用单数 2. “疑问词 + 不定式” 作主语：疑问词（what/how/when）+ to do，谓语用单数 3. It 作形式主语：It + be + 形容词 / 名词 (for/of sb) + to do（for 表动作特征，of 表人的品质） 1. To finish the task is necessary 2. How to solve the problem is unknown 3. It is kind of her to help（of 表品质）；It is important for us to learn（for 表动作） 作宾语 1. 只接 to do 的动词：manage/expect/choose/refuse/decide/plan/promise 等 2. 接 to do/doing 意义不同的动词：forget（to do 未做 /doing 已做）、remember（同理）、stop（to do 做另事 /doing 停做事）、regret（to do 遗憾做 /doing 后悔做）等 1. She refused to accept the gift 2. He forgot to lock the door（未做）；He forgot locking it（已做） 注意事项： 1. 作主语时谓语单复数：无论不定式内容是否为复数，谓语均用单数（错误：To sing and dance are fun；正确：To sing and dance is fun）； 2. It 作形式主语的 for/of 区分：形容词描述 “人”（kind/foolish）用 of，描述 “动作”（difficult/important）用 for（错误：It is kind for her to help；正确：It is kind of her to help）； 3. 接 to do/doing 异义动词的语境判断：核心区分 “动作是否已发生” 或 “动作是否转换”，避免因语义混淆导致错误（如 “stop to eat” 表 “停下来去吃饭”，“stop eating” 表 “停止吃饭”）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. __________ (master) a foreign language requires a lot of time and consistent practice every day. 【答案】To master 【解析】考查动词不定式作主语。句意：掌握一门外语需要每天投入大量时间并进行持续练习。分析句子结构，空处需用非谓语动词作主语，结合 “不定式直接作主语表具体 / 将来动作” 的规则，用 “To + 动词原形” 结构，故填 To master。 2. It is important for us __________ (protect) the endangered animals before they disappear completely. 【答案】to protect 【解析】考查动词不定式作真正主语（It 作形式主语）。句意：在濒危动物完全消失前保护它们，对我们来说很重要。此处为 “It + be + 形容词 + for sb + to do” 句型，it 为形式主语，真正主语是不定式，故填 to protect。 3. The little girl forgot __________ (turn) off the light in her bedroom this morning, so her mother had to do it for her. 【答案】to turn 【解析】考查动词不定式作宾语（forget to do 用法）。句意：这个小女孩今天早上忘了关卧室的灯，所以她妈妈只好帮她关了。根据 “forget to do 表‘忘记要做某事（未做）’” 的规则，此处 “关灯” 动作未发生，故填 to turn。 4. Our manager decided __________ (postpone) the meeting until next Monday because several key members are on business trips. 【答案】to postpone 【解析】考查动词不定式作宾语（只接 to do 的动词）。句意：我们经理决定把会议推迟到下周一，因为几位关键成员正在出差。“decide” 是只接不定式作宾语的动词，需用 “decide to do” 结构，故填 to postpone。 5. He regretted __________ (argue) with his best friend yesterday, so he sent a message to apologize this morning. 【答案】arguing 【解析】考查动名词作宾语（regret doing 用法）。句意：他后悔昨天和最好的朋友吵架了，所以今天早上发了信息道歉。根据 “regret doing 表‘后悔做过某事（已做）’” 的规则，此处 “吵架” 动作已发生，故填 arguing。 二、动词不定式作补足语表 此表格聚焦动词不定式 “作补足语” 的四类场景，明确观感使役类、说服鼓励类、with 复合结构、据说据报道类的用法规则，解决 “宾补是否省 to”“主补如何搭配” 等高频易错点。 类型 结构规则 适用场景 示例 观感使役类宾补 1. 常用动词：see/watch/hear/make/let/have/feel 等 2. 规则：主动语态中省略 to，被动语态中需补回 to 描述 “看 / 听 / 使役” 类动作的宾语补足语 主动：I saw him run；被动：He was seen to run 说服鼓励类宾补 1. 常用动词：persuade/encourage/warn/tell/ask/expect 等 2. 规则：接 “宾语 + to do”，否定式为 “宾语 + not to do” 表达 “说服 / 警告 / 期待” 等动作的宾语补足语 She encouraged me to keep trying；The sign warns drivers not to park with 复合结构宾补 1. 结构：with + 名词 + to do 2. 规则：不定式表 “主动、尚未发生” 的动作，与名词构成逻辑动宾关系 伴随状语中的宾语补足语，强调 “未发生的动作” He walked in with a report to submit（报告未提交） 据说据报道类主补 1. 常用结构：be said/be believed/be reported/be known + to do 2. 规则：不定式作主补，可根据语境用进行式（to be doing）、完成式（to have done） 表达 “被认为 / 据说 / 据报道” 的主语补足语（被动语态中） She is said to donate half her salary monthly；The team is believed to be developing a new car 注意事项： 1. 观感使役类的 to 省略与补回：主动语态必须省 to，被动语态必须补 to（错误：He was made work；正确：He was made to work）； 2. with 复合结构的不定式逻辑：名词需是不定式动作的承受者（即 “名词 + to do” 为动宾关系），不可用于主动关系（错误：with him to read a book；正确：with a book to read）； 3. 据说类主补的时态：表 “正在进行” 用 to be doing，表 “已完成” 用 to have done（错误：He is said to work here for 10 years；正确：He is said to have worked here for 10 years）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The teacher made the naughty boy __________ (stand) in the corner of the classroom for 10 minutes because he disturbed the class. 【答案】stand 【解析】考查动词不定式作宾补（观感使役类动词省 to）。句意：老师让那个调皮的男孩在教室角落站了 10 分钟，因为他扰乱了课堂秩序。“make” 是观感使役类动词，主动语态中接宾补时省略 to，需用动词原形，故填 stand。 2. The famous actor is reported __________ (donate) a large sum of money to the disaster-stricken area last week. 【答案】to have donated 【解析】考查动词不定式作主语补足语（完成式用法）。句意：据报道，这位著名演员上周向灾区捐赠了一大笔钱。“be reported to do” 结构中，若动作发生在 “报道” 之前，需用不定式完成式 “to have done”，故填 to have donated。 3. With so many tasks __________ (finish) before the deadline, the employees have to work overtime every day this month. 【答案】to finish 【解析】考查动词不定式作宾补（with 复合结构）。句意：由于截止日期前有这么多任务要完成，员工们这个月每天都得加班。“with + 名词 + to do” 结构中，不定式表 “主动、尚未发生的动作”，此处 “任务” 需被完成，故填 to finish。 4. Our English teacher often encourages us __________ (practice) speaking English as much as possible in daily life. 【答案】to practice 【解析】考查动词不定式作宾补（说服鼓励类动词）。句意：我们的英语老师经常鼓励我们在日常生活中尽可能多地练习说英语。“encourage” 是说服鼓励类动词，需用 “encourage sb to do” 结构，故填 to practice。 5. The little boy was seen __________ (climb) the tall tree in the park yesterday afternoon, which made his parents very worried. 【答案】to climb 【解析】考查动词不定式作主语补足语（观感使役类动词被动补 to）。句意：昨天下午有人看见那个小男孩在公园里爬那棵高树，这让他的父母非常担心。“see” 是观感使役类动词，被动语态中需补回 to，故填 to climb。 三、动词不定式作定语 / 状语表 此表格梳理动词不定式 “作定语、作状语” 的三类高频场景，明确定语的修饰对象规则、状语的功能区分，覆盖语法填空中 “名词后接不定式”“目的 / 结果状语判断” 等核心考点。 功能 结构规则 适用场景 示例 作定语 1. 序数词后：first/second/last + 名词 + to do 2. 形容词最高级后：the best/the most important + 名词 + to do 3. 特定名词后：decision/plan/effort/ability/chance/promise + to do 修饰序数词、最高级限定的名词，或抽象名词，说明名词的 “内容 / 目的” 1. The last thing to do is turn off lights 2. The best time to visit is spring 3. His plan to start a business needs preparation 作状语 1. 目的状语：to do/in order to do（可句首）/so as to do（不可句首），否定式 “not to do” 2. 结果状语：too…to…（太… 而不能）/enough to do（足够… 去做）/only to do（结果却） 3. 反射不定式（原因 / 特征）：be + 形容词 + to do（主动表被动，形容词描述主语特征） 1. 表动作目的 2. 表动作结果 3. 表主语的特征或原因 1. To improve English, he practices daily（目的）；He turned down music so as not to disturb（否定目的） 2. She is too young to drive（结果）；They searched everywhere only to find nothing（意外结果） 注意事项： 1. 作定语的不定式与名词的逻辑关系：需确保名词是不定式动作的承受者（动宾关系）或执行者（主谓关系），不可无逻辑关联（错误：a book to read it；正确：a book to read）； 2. 目的状语的 so as to do 限制：不可置于句首（错误：So as to catch the bus, he got up early；正确：To catch the bus, he got up early 或 He got up early so as to catch the bus）； 3. 反射不定式的被动含义：虽用主动形式，但主语是不定式动作的承受者，不可再用被动式（错误：The question is difficult to be answered；正确：The question is difficult to answer）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. This is the first time for me __________ (visit) the Great Wall, which is one of the Seven Wonders of the World. 【答案】to visit 【解析】考查动词不定式作定语（序数词后）。句意：这是我第一次参观长城，它是世界七大奇迹之一。序数词 “first” 后接名词 “time”，需用不定式作定语，表 “第一次做某事”，故填 to visit。 2. She got up very early this morning __________ (catch) the first bus to the airport, but she still missed it because of the heavy traffic. 【答案】to catch 【解析】考查动词不定式作状语（目的）。句意：她今天早上起得很早，为了赶上去机场的第一班公交车，但由于交通拥堵还是错过了。空处表 “早起” 的目的，需用不定式作目的状语，故填 to catch。 3. The problem is too difficult for the students __________ (solve) without the teacher’s help. 【答案】to solve 【解析】考查动词不定式作状语（结果，too...to... 结构）。句意：这个问题对学生来说太难了，没有老师的帮助根本解不出来。此处为 “too + 形容词 + for sb + to do” 结构，表 “太…… 而不能做某事”，故填 to solve。 4. He is one of the most experienced doctors __________ (perform) this kind of operation in our hospital. 【答案】to perform 【解析】考查动词不定式作定语（最高级后）。句意：他是我们医院里做这类手术最有经验的医生之一。形容词最高级 “the most experienced” 后接名词 “doctors”，需用不定式作定语，故填 to perform。 5. The young man has made a decision __________ (give up) smoking because his doctor warned him of the health risks. 【答案】to give up 【解析】考查动词不定式作定语（特定名词后）。句意：这个年轻人决定戒烟，因为医生警告他吸烟的健康风险。特定名词 “decision” 后需用不定式作定语，表 “决定做某事”，故填 to give up。 四、动词不定式作表语及省略用法表 此表格梳理动词不定式 “作表语” 的规则及 “省略 to” 的特殊场景，解决 “表语是否省 to”“哪些场景可省 to” 等易错问题，适用于写作中句式优化及语法填空的细节判断。 功能 结构规则 适用场景 示例 作表语 1. 基本用法：系动词（be/seem/appear/become/remain）后接 to do，表主语的内容、目的、特征 2. 省 to 规则：主语部分含实义动词 do（任何形式：do/does/did/doing/done），作表语的不定式可省 to 1. 说明主语的 “内容 / 目的” 2. 避免重复实义动词 do 1. The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the policy 2. What he did last night was (to) watch a movie（省 to）；The only thing to do is (to) sign（省 to） 省略 to 的场景 1. 观感使役类动词接宾补：see/watch/hear/make/let 等（主动语态） 2. 高频句型：may as well do/had better do/do nothing but do/can't help but do/Why not do/prefer to do rather than do/would rather do than do 3. 避免重复：不定式内容重复时，保留 to，省略动词（若不定式后是 be 动词，需保留 be） 1. 主动语态的宾补 2. 固定句型 3. 避免语义重复 1. I heard her sing（省 to） 2. You had better go now；Why not try again；She prefers to cook rather than eat out 3. This is the place I want to live in, but I can't afford to（省 live in）；He is not the man he used to be（保留 be） 注意事项： 1. 作表语省 to 的前提：必须是主语含实义动词 do，无实义动词 do 时不可省 to（错误：His goal is study hard；正确：His goal is to study hard）； 2. 省略 to 的句型固定性：“had better/Why not” 等句型后必须接动词原形，不可加 to（错误：Why not to try；正确：Why not try）； 3. 避免重复时的 be 动词保留：若原不定式含 be 动词，省略时需保留 be（错误：He is not the man he used to；正确：He is not the man he used to be）。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The main purpose of this training course is __________ (improve) the employees’ communication skills in the workplace. 【答案】to improve 【解析】考查动词不定式作表语。句意：这个培训课程的主要目的是提高员工在工作场所的沟通能力。系动词 “is” 后需用不定式作表语，说明主语 “purpose” 的内容，故填 to improve。 2. What the old craftsman did yesterday was __________ (repair) the ancient wooden chair that has a history of over 100 years. 【答案】(to) repair 【解析】考查动词不定式作表语（省 to 规则）。句意：这位老工匠昨天做的事就是修理那把有 100 多年历史的古老木椅。主语 “What the old craftsman did” 含实义动词 “did”，作表语的不定式可省略 to，故填 (to) repair。 3. You had better __________ (check) the weather forecast before you go on a trip to the mountain area, in case it rains suddenly. 【答案】check 【解析】考查动词不定式省略 to（had better do 句型）。句意：你去山区旅行前最好查一下天气预报，以防突然下雨。“had better” 后接动词原形，省略 to，故填 check。 4. The little boy said he would rather __________ (stay) at home and read books than go out to play with his classmates. 【答案】stay 【解析】考查动词不定式省略 to（would rather do than do 句型）。句意：这个小男孩说他宁愿在家看书，也不愿出去和同学们玩。“would rather” 后接动词原形，省略 to，故填 stay。 5. She doesn’t like this dress, but she has no other clothes __________ (wear) to the party tonight, so she has to take it. 【答案】to wear 【解析】考查动词不定式作定语（避免重复）。句意：她不喜欢这条裙子，但今晚去派对没有其他衣服可穿，所以只好穿它。此处 “clothes to wear” 表 “可穿的衣服”，用不定式作定语，避免重复 “to wear” 后的内容，故填 to wear。 五、动词不定式高频考情及易错点辨析表 此表格汇总文档 “考情解码” 中的高频考点及 “易混易错” 内容，明确近 5 年高考考频、命题趋势及易错点，帮助针对性复习，规避常见语法错误。 类别 具体内容 高考示例 易错点示例 高频考点及考频 1. 作宾语（5 年 6 考）：如 plan to continue（2022 浙江）、aim to have（2021 全国乙） 2. 作定语（5 年 5 考）：如 to rent（2025 浙江）、to journey（2022 全国甲） 3. 作补足语（5 年 3 考）：如 to be lifted（2023 新课标 I）、to find（2024 新课标 II） 4. 作主语（5 年 2 考）：如 to walk（2021 全国甲）、to break（2020 北京） 1. 2025 全国一卷：We hope to present... 2. 2025 全国二卷：the chance to discover... 3. 2024 新课标 II 卷：amazed to find... 4. 2021 全国甲卷：It is possible to walk... —— 易混动词辨析 1. forget to do（未做）vs forget doing（已做） 2. remember to do（未做）vs remember doing（已做） 3. stop to do（做另事）vs stop doing（停做事） 1. 2018 天津：I didn’t mean to eat...（未做）；couldn’t help trying（情不自禁） 2. 2012 安徽：I remembered locking the door（已做） 1. 错误：I forgot to meet him yesterday（已做→错误）；正确：I forgot meeting him yesterday 2. 错误：He stopped to smoke（停抽烟→错误）；正确：He stopped smoking to 的省略与补回 1. 观感使役类主动省 to，被动补 to 2. 作表语时主语含 do 省 to，无 do 不省 to 1. 2023 新课标 I 卷：allowing them to be lifted（被动补 to） 2. 2009 全国：The purpose is to make...（无 do 不省 to） 1. 错误：He was seen run（被动未补 to）；正确：He was seen to run 2. 错误：What he said was tell the truth（主语无 do 省 to）；正确：What he said was to tell the truth 注意事项： 1. 结合考频重点复习：作宾语、定语、补足语是近 5 年高频考点，需重点掌握对应动词及结构； 2. 易混动词的语境判断：通过 “动作是否已发生”“动作是否转换” 区分 to do/doing 的含义，避免凭直觉判断； 3. to 的省略与补回的被动语态：牢记 “主动省、被动补”，这是高考语法填空的高频易错点，需反复验证。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The scientist is said __________ (work) on a new project about renewable energy recently, which will be completed next year. 【答案】to be working 【解析】考查动词不定式作主语补足语（进行式用法）。句意：据说这位科学家最近正在研究一个关于可再生能源的新项目，该项目将于明年完成。“be said to do” 结构中，若动作 “研究” 正在进行，需用不定式进行式 “to be doing”，故填 to be working。 2. He stopped __________ (drink) a cup of coffee after he had been working on the computer for two hours. 【答案】to drink 【解析】考查动词不定式作宾语（stop to do 用法）。句意：在电脑前工作了两个小时后，他停下来喝了杯咖啡。根据 “stop to do 表‘停下来去做另一件事’” 的规则，此处 “喝咖啡” 是 “工作” 之外的另一个动作，故填 to drink。 3. It is kind of you __________ (help) me carry the heavy luggage to the train station this morning. 【答案】to help 【解析】考查动词不定式作真正主语（It 作形式主语，of sb 用法）。句意：你今天早上帮我把重行李搬到火车站，真是太好了。此处为 “It + be + 形容词（描述人品质） + of sb + to do” 句型，形容词 “kind” 描述人的品质，故填 to help。 4. The children were made __________ (clean) their own bedrooms every weekend by their parents to develop their independence. 【答案】to clean 【解析】考查动词不定式作主语补足语（观感使役类动词被动补 to）。句意：为了培养独立性，父母让孩子们每个周末打扫自己的卧室。“make” 是观感使役类动词，被动语态中需补回 to，故填 to clean。 5. She remembered __________ (lock) the door before she left the office yesterday, but when she came back this morning, she found it open. 【答案】locking 【解析】考查动名词作宾语（remember doing 用法）。句意：她记得昨天离开办公室前锁门了，但今天早上回来时却发现门是开着的。根据 “remember doing 表‘记得做过某事（已做）’” 的规则，此处 “锁门” 动作已发生，故填 locking。 一、单句语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025高三上·江苏·专题练习）The theater aims (build) a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing Shakespeare’s comedy in sign language. 【答案】to build 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：剧院的目的是通过用手语表演莎士比亚的喜剧，在聋人和听力健全的世界之间架起一座桥梁。“aim to do”，固定短语，意为“打算做某事；目的在于”，to do 不定式为宾语。故填to build。 2．（2025·广东·二模）Fortunately, there is a huge industry of plastic-free products (target) at eco-conscious consumers. 【答案】targeted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：幸运的是，有一整个庞大的无塑料产品产业，专门面向那些注重环保的消费者。此处target与products构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填targeted。 3．（2025高三上·江苏·专题练习） (allow) for the bad weather, we should set off right now. 【答案】Allowing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：考虑到恶劣的天气，我们应该马上出发。allow在此处用作非谓语动词，allow for表示“考虑到”，allow与we是主动关系，应使用现在分词形式作状语。首字母大写。故填Allowing。 4．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）He repeated the question in an even sterner tone, “Where is God!!?” Again the boy made no attempt (answer). 【答案】to answer 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他用更严厉的语气重复了这个问题，“上帝在哪里！！？”男孩再次没有试图回答。make no attempt to do sth“没有试图做某事”固定短语。故填to answer。 5．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）On their return, the father asked his son (explain) what he had learnt. 【答案】to explain 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们一回来，父亲就要求他的儿子解释他学到了什么。ask sb. to do sth.“请某人做某事”，用不定式作宾语补足语，故填to explain。 6．（2025高三上·江苏·专题练习）The ability (smile) is actually something we are born with. 【答案】to smile 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：微笑的能力实际上是我们与生俱来的。空处修饰名词ability，smile需用动词不定式形式作后置定语。故填to smile。 7．（2025·广东·二模）They are close friends, so nothing is likely (threat) their relationship which many people find harmonious. 【答案】to threaten 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们是亲密的朋友，所以没有什么能威胁到他们的关系，很多人觉得他们的关系很和谐。be likely to do sth.有可能做某事。故填to threaten。 8．（2022高三上·浙江·专题练习）Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem (call) caffeinism. 【答案】called 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：更大剂量的咖啡因会导致一种症状，叫“咖啡因中毒”。分析句子结构可知，设空处的动词在句中作非谓语动词，在名词problem后作定语，且与problem之间是逻辑上的动宾关系， 应用过去分词作后置定语。故填called。 9．（23-24高三上·福建·开学考试） (expose) to freezing weather, courageous tourists and scientists still choose to visit Antarctica. 【答案】Exposed 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：尽管暴露在寒冷的天气中，勇敢的游客和科学家仍然选择去南极洲旅游。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，expose与逻辑主语courageous tourists and scientists之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词exposed，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Exposed。 10．（2025高三上·江苏·专题练习）The president agreed, (add) that he hope for a peaceful solution. 【答案】adding 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：总统表示同意，并补充说他希望和平解决。句子的谓语动词是 agreed，add 在句中应用非谓语动词形式，add 与逻辑主语 president 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系关系，应用现在分词 adding 作状语。故填 adding。 11．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Yet they’re hard (beat) — when it comes to recreational offerings, including nightlife, culture and entertainment . 【答案】to beat 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，当谈到娱乐产品，包括夜生活、文化和娱乐时，他们很难被击败。sb./sth. be hard to do是固定句型，意为“某人/某物很难被……”，因此空格处用不定式，是不定式的主动表被动。故填to beat。 12．（2023高三·上海·专题练习）King Edgar was the first monarch (bury) there in 1065. 【答案】to be buried 【详解】考查非谓语动词和语态。句意：埃德加国王是1065年葬在这里的第一位君主。空处应填非谓语动词的形式，monarch与bury之间为被动关系且monarch之前有the first修饰，中心词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时应用不定式作后置定语，所以应用不定式的被动语态to be buried。故填to be buried。 13．（2025高三上·江苏·专题练习）I have agreed (go) with Alice to buy some clothes. 【答案】to go 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我已经同意和爱丽丝一起去买些衣服。“agree to do sth”是固定短语，表示 “同意做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式 “to go”。故填to go。 14．（2025·江苏南京·一模） (ease) this area’s water shortage, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, whose construction was remarkable engineering achievement. 【答案】To ease 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了缓解该地区的水资源短缺，当地政府决定修建一条横跨山脉的运河，其建设是一项了不起的工程成就。设空处应填动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了缓解该地区的水资源短缺”，设空处位于句首，首字母要大写。故填To ease。 15．（2025·江苏南京·一模）Found in 2007, walls of the ruins and the surrounding water conservation system combined to display a massive infrastructure base, construction of which is estimated (take) 4,000 people a decade to accomplish. 【答案】to have taken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2007年发现，废墟的墙壁和周围的水保护系统结合在一起，展示了一个庞大的基础设施基础，估计其建造需要4000人花费十年的时间才能完成。be estimated to do为固定短语，意为“估计做某事”，take发生在estimate之前，使用动词不定式的完成式。故填to have taken。 Passage 1 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 1 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 2 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 3 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 4 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 5 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 6 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 7 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 8 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 9 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 10 (want) more next time. 【答案】 1. tasty 2. to bite 3. or 4. recognized 5. by 6. to be lifted 7. their 8. a 9. rarely 10. wanting 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。 1. 考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。 3. 考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语，故填recognized。 5. 考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted，故填to be lifted。 7. 考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their，故填their。 8. 考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数，故填a。 9. 考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting，故填wanting。 【点睛】 Passage 2 （2025·广东·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 How can a timeless story come alive again? 1 (stage) at the Esplanade — Theatres on the Bay in Singapore, the Chinese classic, A Dream of Red Mansions, attracted an audience of about 7,000, marking the start of its first overseas tour. The dance drama unfolds a centuries-old tale, rich with love and 2 (lose). As the curtain slowly rose, the audiences 3 (draw) into a world of traditional Chinese beauty. Inspired by classical ink paintings, the stage design combined folding screens, silk curtains, tables and soft lights 4 (create) a space rooted in Chinese aesthetics (美学) . Then the Jia family’s mansion appeared, 5 delicate columns and roofs reflecting the elegance of the. Qing Dynasty. At the center 6 (stand) Jia Baoyu, dressed in red, and the fates of the “12 beauties” began to emerge. The director and choreographer (编舞者), Li Xing and Li Chao, artfully wove the number12 into the performance — 12 bunches of flowers, 12 high-back chairs, 12 colors, and 12 dance pieces, each symbolizing 7 unique aspect of the journey of “12 beauties”. Their lives, 8 revealed their emotional depth and complexity, came to life in dance through the eyes of Jia. Audiences were impressed by the rich storytelling, graceful choreography, and 9 (strike) stage design, calling it a feast for the senses. “We hope this work of art helps more people engage with Chinese culture and promotes 10 (deep) understanding between traditions,” said Liao Yi, general manager of the Jiangsu Centre for the Performing Arts. 【答案】 1. Staged 2. loss 3. were drawn 4. to create 5. with 6. stood 7. a 8. which 9. striking 10. deeper 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍中国经典舞剧《红楼梦》在新加坡首演开启海外巡演，讲述其舞台设计、表演特色及观众反响。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国经典舞剧《红楼梦》在新加坡滨海艺术中心上演，吸引了约7000名观众，标志着其首次海外巡演的开启。此处为非谓语动词，the Chinese classic（指代《红楼梦》舞剧）与stage为被动关系（“舞剧被上演”），用过去分词staged作状语，句首首字母大写。故填Staged。 2. 考查名词。句意：这部舞剧展现了一个流传数百年的故事，充满了爱与失落。此处与love并列，作介词with的宾语，用lose的名词形式loss，意为“失落”，为不可数名词。故填loss。 3. 考查动词语态和时态。句意：幕布缓缓升起，观众们被带入一个充满中国传统之美的世界。此处为谓语动词，描述过去（演出时）发生的动作，用一般过去时；且the audiences与draw为被动关系（“观众被带入”），用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，所以谓语动词为were drawn。故填were drawn。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：舞台设计灵感源自中国古典水墨画，融合了屏风、丝绸幕布、桌子和柔和灯光，打造出一个植根于中国美学的空间。此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意，“融合元素”的目的是“打造美学空间”，用动词不定式to create作目的状语。故填to create。 5. 考查介词。句意：贾府宅邸随之出现，精致的梁柱与屋顶彰显着清代的雅致。此处表示“具有精致的梁柱与屋顶”，用介词with，后接名词短语作伴随状语，补充说明宅邸特征。故填with。 6. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：身着红衣的贾宝玉站在中央，“十二钗”的命运开始展开。此处为谓语动词，描述过去（演出时）的场景，用一般过去时；主语Jia Baoyu为单数，所以谓语动词为stood。故填stood。 7. 考查冠词。句意：编导李星、李超巧妙地将“12”融入表演——12束花、12把高背椅、12种颜色、12段舞蹈，每一项都象征着“十二钗”人生旅程的一个独特方面。此处泛指“一个独特方面”，unique aspect为可数名词单数，且unique是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。 8. 考查定语从句。句意：她们的人生——展现出深厚而复杂的情感——通过宝玉的视角，在舞蹈中被赋予了生命力。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为Their lives，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 9. 考查形容词。句意：观众们对其丰富的叙事、优美的编舞和引人注目的舞台设计印象深刻，称其为一场感官盛宴。此处修饰名词stage design，用strike的形容词形式striking，意为“引人注目的”。故填striking。 10. 考查形容词比较级。句意：江苏省演艺集团总经理廖毅表示：“我们希望这部作品能帮助更多人接触中国文化，促进不同传统之间更深层次的理解。”此处暗含“比以往更深入的理解”，用deep的比较级deeper，表“更深层次的”。故填deeper。 Passage 3 （2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 1 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 3 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should 5 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 6 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 7 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 8 (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 10 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】 1. to catch 2. treasures 3. what 4. were 5. be done 6. its 7. for 8. completion 9. largest 10. which 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来，即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区，决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏，并为此做出了许多努力。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 2. 考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。 3. 考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。 4. 考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 5. 考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 6. 考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 7. 考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。 8. 考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。 9. 考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。 10. 考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 【点睛】 Passage 4 （2025·陕西商洛·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For the over 20 rangers (护林员) in the Wanglang National Nature Reserve, apart 1 protecting the forest, they serve another critical function — education. Located in the northern tip of Sichuan, Wanglang is 2 (little) well known than the nearby scenic areas of Jiuzhaigou. But it offers something different. 3 (particular) in the summer months, the reserve’s rangers have a busy schedule acting as guides and educators to many tour groups. They teach them about the forest, environmental protection, and the local species, forest 4 (manage). This service makes Wanglang different from other nature reserves, 5 (enable) it to carve out its own niche in nature education. The 323-square-kilometer park, about the size of the island of Malta, 6 (visit) by a diverse range of people, from elementary and high school students to scholars, as well as families and botany enthusiasts from overseas. “Despite the growing number of visitors, 7 brings in a lot of income,” Zhao Lianjun, director of the Wanglang reserve said, “conservation will always remain 8 only key focus.” Wanglang was one of the very first nature reserves in the country 9 (offer) nature education, according to Zhao. 10 (found) as a wild giant panda reserve in 1965, Wanglang’s long tradition of cooperating with research institutions have made it a prime location for nature education. 【答案】 1. from 2. less 3. Particularly 4. management 5. enabling 6. is visited 7. which 8. the 9. to offer 10. Founded 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了四川王朗国家级自然保护区的护林员除保护森林外，还承担教育职能，通过提供自然教育服务，王朗在自然教育领域占据独特地位。 1. 考查介词。句意：对于王朗国家级自然保护区的20多名护林员来说，除了保护森林，他们还承担着另一项重要职能——教育。句中apart from为固定短语，表示“除了……之外”，故填from。 2. 考查比较级。句意：王朗位于四川北部，其知名度不如附近的九寨沟景区。根据空后“than”可知，此处应用比较级形式，表示“不如……”。故填less。 3. 考查副词。句意：特别是在夏季的几个月里，保护区的护林员们忙于为许多旅游团担任向导和教育者。根据空后“in the summer months”可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰整个句子，表示“特别是在夏季的几个月里”，同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Particularly。 4. 考查名词。句意：他们教他们关于森林、环境保护、当地物种和森林管理的知识。根据空前“forest”可知，此处应用名词形式作介词about的宾语，表示“森林管理”。故填management。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这项服务使王朗与其他自然保护区不同，开辟了自己在自然教育中的独特定位。句中makes为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，enable与主句主语This service构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式。故填enabling。 6. 考查时态和语态。句意：这个323平方公里的公园，大约有马耳他岛那么大，吸引了各种各样的人，从中小学生到学者，以及来自海外的家庭和植物学爱好者。根据空后“by a diverse range of people”可知，此处应用被动语态形式，表示“被各种各样的人参观”，且句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语The 323-square-kilometer park为单数形式，be动词用is。故填is visited。 7. 考查定语从句。句意：王朗保护区主任赵连军说：“尽管游客数量不断增加，带来了大量收入，但保护工作将始终是唯一的关键重点。”设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the growing number of visitors，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。 8. 考查冠词。句意：同上。根据空后“only key focus”可知，此处应用定冠词the，表示特指，即“唯一的关键重点”。故填the。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：据赵连军介绍，王朗是该国最早提供自然教育的自然保护区之一。句中was为谓语动词，此处应用非谓语动词；名词短语nature reserves前有the very first修饰，需用不定式形式作后置定语。故填to offer。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：王朗于1965年被建立为野生大熊猫保护区，长期以来与研究机构合作，使其成为自然教育的首选地点。句中have made为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，found与主句主语Wanglang构成被动关系，且表示完成的动作，故用过去分词形式作状语，同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填Founded。 Passage 5 （2025·广西·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cultural policymakers and experts from China and Malaysia are now crafting an action plan for protecting and promoting the lion dance, a tradition that has leaped across borders and generations, after 1 (submit) a joint bid to UNESCO in late March to recognize the art form as a shared intangible cultural heritage. The 2 (apply) follows a commitment made in 3 statement signed last year, which said the two countries have agreed to work together on the multinational nomination (提名) to officially put the lion dance 4 the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. 5 (typical) performed during festivals and celebrations, the lion dance, which integrates martial arts, dance and music, was brought to Malaysia by Chinese immigrants and 6 (develop) gradually into a cross-cultural spectacle enjoyed by diverse communities in the Southeast Asian nation. This 7 (include) development not only broadens the reach of the lion dance, but also inspires local artists to innovate. In the 1980s, Malaysian performers reshaped the traditional Chinese lion dance through the creation of the high-pole lion dance. The creative art form 8 (recognize) as Malaysia’s national intangible cultural heritage in 2007. “ 9 there are overseas Chinese, there’s the lion dance,” said Chin Yew Sin, president of Malaysia’s Oriental Culture Research Centre. He suggested that China and Malaysia expand their cooperation to include more Southeast Asian countries where the lion dance is popular, such as Thailand and Indonesia, 10 (enhance) regional cultural exchanges. 【答案】 1. submitting 2. application 3. a 4. on 5. Typically 6. has developed 7. inclusive 8. was recognized 9. Where 10. to enhance 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国与马来西亚联合向联合国教科文组织申报舞狮为共享非物质文化遗产，并正制定相关保护推广行动计划，同时提及舞狮在马来西亚的发展及双方未来合作方向。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：3月底，中国与马来西亚已联合向联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）提交申请，希望将舞狮这门艺术形式认定为两国共享的非物质文化遗产。目前，两国文化政策制定者与专家正着手制定一份保护与推广舞狮的行动计划——舞狮这一传统已跨越国界与世代，传承至今。空处为非谓语动词担当介词“after”后的宾语，用动名词形式。故填submitting。 2. 考查名词。句意：此次申请源于两国去年签署的一份声明中所作出的承诺。该声明指出，中马双方同意合作推进这项跨国提名工作，以正式将舞狮列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。空处为名词形式担当主语；根据谓语动词“follows”可知，空处为名词的单数形式。故填application。 3. 考查冠词。句意：此次申请源于两国去年签署的一份声明中所作出的承诺。该声明指出，中马双方同意合作推进这项跨国提名工作，以正式将舞狮列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。statement“声明”为可数名词单数形式，此处表泛指，且该词的发音以辅音音素开头，修饰名词单数，用不定冠词a。故填a。 4. 考查介词。句意：此次申请源于两国去年签署的一份声明中所作出的承诺。该声明指出，中马双方同意合作推进这项跨国提名工作，以正式将舞狮列入《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》。空处为介词形式，put...on the list为固定搭配，意为 “将……列入名录”。故填on。 5. 考查副词。句意：舞狮融合了武术、舞蹈与音乐，通常在节日和庆典期间表演。它由中国移民传入马来西亚后，逐渐发展成为一种跨文化景观，受到这个东南亚国家不同群体的喜爱。空处为修饰动词“perform”用副词形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Typically。 6. 考查谓语动词。句意：舞狮融合了武术、舞蹈与音乐，通常在节日和庆典期间表演。它由中国移民传入马来西亚后，逐渐发展成为一种跨文化景观，受到这个东南亚国家不同群体的喜爱。空处为本句谓语动词；根据句意可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“the lion dance”，单数，和动词“develop”之间为主动关系。故填has developed。 7. 考查形容词。句意：这种包容性的发展不仅扩大了舞狮的影响力，还启发当地艺术家进行创新。修饰名词development，用形容词，inclusive“包容性的”符合题意。故填inclusive。 8. 考查谓语动词。句意：2007年，这一富有创意的艺术形式被认定为马来西亚国家级非物质文化遗产。空处为本句谓语动词；根据“in 2007”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语“The creative art form”是单数，和动词“recognize”之间为被动关系。故填was recognized。 9. 考查状语从句。句意：“有华侨的地方，就有舞狮。”马来西亚东方文化研究中心主席Chin Yew Sin表示。空处为地点状语从句的引导词，意为“哪儿……”，用where引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Where。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他建议中马两国扩大合作范围，将泰国、印度尼西亚等其他舞狮盛行的东南亚国家纳入其中，以促进区域文化交流。担当目的状语，用动词不定式形式。 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $