第一部分 专题十二 特殊句式与主谓一致-【成功方案】2025年高考英语艺术生文化课总复习教师用书(Word)

专题十二　特殊句式与主谓一致 1．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“The players' personalities are revealed during the game，and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent，”she adds.“A decent winner always ________ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture(姿态) of respect for the other side.” tries　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 2．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)I've experienced things that really surprise me at times.The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes ________(be) one of them. is　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The“sunshine scent(香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 3．(2025·1月浙江首考)The concept ________(be) certainly not new—men have been renting good suits for decades—but for female shoppers，it is just taking off. is　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这个概念当然并不新鲜——几十年来，男性一直在租赁优质西装——但对于女性购物者来说，它才刚刚兴起。系动词be作谓语，句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语The concept是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式is。故填is。 4．(2025·1月浙江首考)By the time you brushed your teeth，you had made several decisions even without noticing.Some choices are quick，while others take more thought.Usually，better outcomes ________(achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. are achieved　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。 5．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Some of the things that Tang was writing about ________(be)also Shakespeare's concerns. were　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。空白处为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 6．(2023·全国甲卷)It was full of ideas that ________(be)new to me，so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. were　考查主谓一致。句意：它充满了对我来说很新的想法，所以我整个夏天脑袋里全是那本书。that代替ideas，再根据前面的was，故填were。 7．(2023·全国乙卷)Being at the right place at the right time ________ (be) decisive in any style of photography. is　考查主谓一致。句意：在任何摄影风格中，在正确的时间出现在正确的地点都是决定性的。主语为v.-ing短语，因此，谓语填is。 8．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Often，only a small part of a museum's collection ________(be)on display.Most of it is stored away or used for research. is　考查主谓一致。句意：通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语a small part of a museum's collection是单数概念，谓语动词应用单数第三人称形式，且后面的“Most of it is stored away or used for research.”中的is也是提示。故填is。 9．(2020·天津卷)The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ________(remain)around that level ever since. has remained　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。ever since“从那以后”作时间状语，所以句子用现在完成时态。主语为the number of medical schools，the number of表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 10．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.This is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers ________(carry)special significance. carries　考查主谓一致。句意：春节是一种庆祝，标志着冬季的结束和春季的开始。这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants，fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。 11．(2019·江苏卷)The professor warned the students that on no account ________(they)use mobile phones in his class. should they　考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should do。 12．(2019·天津卷)Amy，as well as her brothers，________(give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. was given　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：上周回到村里时，艾米和他的兄弟们受到了热烈的欢迎。根据last week可知应用过去时。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以谓语部分用单数。 13．(2019·江苏卷)The musician along with his band members ________(give)ten performances in the last three months. has given　考查时态与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时。本句主语为the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 14．(2018·天津卷)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat. that　考查强调句。句意：直到汽车停在我们的房子前时我们才看见莉莉坐在乘客座上。本句强调的是only when引导的时间状语从句。根据强调句的结构“It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that＋剩余部分”。 15．(全国Ⅰ卷)Film has a much shorter history，especially when ________(compare to)such art forms as music and painting. compared to　句意：电影的历史较短，尤其是与音乐、绘画等这样的艺术形式相比。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。compare与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词。分词作状语时，可以根据题意在其前加上when，if等连词。本句实际上是when it is compared to such art forms as music and painting的省略。 16．(江苏卷)It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.________，we'd better take it to the garage immediately. If so　考查省略和替代。句意：听起来车的发动机好像有问题，如果那样的话，我们最好立刻把它弄到汽修厂去。前后两句话之间是顺承关系。if so若是这样。 17．(浙江卷)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise，if ________(carry out)regularly，can improve our health. carried out　考查if条件句中的省略情况。本句的句子的主语是the experiment，谓语动词是shows；that引导宾语从句，宾语从句的主干是：proper amounts of exercise can improve our health；if ________ regularly是插入的条件从句，从句的主语是proper amounts of exercise，此时应用it代替前面提到的主语，完整形式是：if it is carried out。条件句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且含有is，故省略了it is。句意：这项实验表明，适当的运动，如果有规律的进行，能够有助于我们的身体健康。 18．(2017·天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors. that　考查强调句型。句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词It was开头，后面连词首选that，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was 和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。 19．(湖南卷)It was not until I came here ________ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. that　考查强调句。句意：直到来到此地，我才意识到该地不仅风景秀丽而且气候宜人。对含有not until的句型进行强调时，应该用It is/was not until...that...。 20．(重庆卷)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ________ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa. that　考查强调句。分析题干可知此句为强调句，是对句子的状语“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”进行强调的。 特殊结构(倒装句、强调句型、主谓一致、反意疑问句和祈使句)是高考的重要考查内容；在学习和复习过程中，应特别留意。要善于发现各自的特殊点，善于根据语境辨认祈使句，熟悉省略、倒装和强调结构的各种情况。 考点一　倒装句 1．将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首引起的部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never，seldom，rarely，little，few，at no time，by no means，no longer，hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...，not only...but also...，not until，nowhere，neither...nor...等。 Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. 她以前从没见过打网球和罗伯特一样好的人。 2．only＋状语置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。 Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision. 讨论这个问题数小时后他们才作出决定。 3．作状语的介词短语放于句首时引起的句子要全部倒装。 有时为了强调将作状语的介词短语放在句首，而将主语放到句末；或者当句子中主语较长时，为了使句子平衡，常把作状语的介词短语置于句首。 Through the window came in the sweet music. 从窗户里飘出美妙的音乐。 4．so/such...that...结构中的so，such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。 So frightened was she that she could not say a word. 她如此害怕以至于一句话也说不出来。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。 5．表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。 6．as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。即as引导的让步状语从句中必须将表语、状语(形容词、副词、分词)或实义动词提前，构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分”的形式。 使用as进行倒装时需要注意的是： (1)句首是单数可数名词时，名词不能带任何冠词。 Pop star as she is，she still needs to improve. 尽管她已是很受欢迎的歌手，但仍需要努力。 (2)句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Fail as I did，I would never give up. 尽管我失败了，但我不放弃。 考点二　省略句 1．复合句中的省略 在用as if，if，though，when，where，while，no matter what，until等引导的从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。 All the photographs in this book，unless stated otherwise，date from the 1950s. 这本书里的相片，除非有说明，否则都是二十世纪五十年代的。 2．动词不定式符号to的省略及不定式的省略 在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。 3．so/not构成替代省略 英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在I'm afraid/I hope/I think/I guess/I believe等开头的答句中；条件状语从句中有时也有类似的用法，如：if so/if not等。 考点三　强调结构 1．强调句型 (1)强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语，表语、宾语、同位语、状语等进行强调。 (2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？ He asked what it was that made him so upset. 他询问究竟是什么让他如此难过。 (3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？ 注意：强调句型亦可用于宾语从句中，但注意语序要用陈述句语序。 (4)not...until句型的强调句型结构为：It is/was not until...＋that＋句子其他部分。 2．强调谓语动词 用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。 考点四　祈使句 句型：祈使句＋and/or/otherwise＋简单句(多用将来时) (1)祈使句/名词短语＋and＋简单句表示“如果……，就……” “Only two centimeters higher，and you will break the world record.” encouraged the coach. “再高两厘米，你将打破世界纪录。”教练鼓励说。 Bring the flowers into a warm room and they'll soon open. 将花放到暖和的房间里，它们将会很快开放。 (2)祈使句＋or/otherwise＋简单句表示“……否则……” Don't drive so fast or/otherwise you'll have an accident. 不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。 考点五　主谓一致 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。做题时还要注意时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。 一、语法一致原则 主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 Mr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer. 史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。 I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。 二、就近一致原则 1．由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。 Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。 2．由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil box. 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。 三、意义一致原则 1．由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用单数。 A needle and thread was given to her，but she could not sew the button on. 针线给了她，但她不会把纽扣缝起来。 2．“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。 3．非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。 1．Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized. that　句意：巴赫死于1750年，但是直到19世纪初他的音乐天赋才得到完全认可。 2．It was the culture，rather than the language，________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. that　句意：是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。根据分析可知本句为强调句。去掉It was和空格，题干可以还原为：The culture，rather than the language made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.故填that。 3．It's not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do ________ makes life happy. that　句意：不是做我们喜欢的事情而是去喜欢我们必须做的事情才能让人生幸福。本题考查强调句，故填that。not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do为被强调部分。 4．It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan. that　句意：直到在书信快结束的时候，她才提到她自己的计划。本题考查“not...until...”的强调句形式，即“It is/was not until...that...”。 5．It was with the help of the local guide ________ the mountain climber was rescued. that　句意：正是在当地导游的帮助下，这个登山者才被营救了。被强调部分为with the help of the local guide，将本句还原为普通句式为With the help of the local guide，the mountain climber was rescued.判断强调句型的方法：把It is/was和that去掉后，剩余的部分仍是一个完整的句子。 6．It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors. that　句意：当我回到公寓时，我最先遇到的是我的新邻居。根据句首的It was可以初步判断为强调结构，空上填that。去掉It was...that发现句子结构完成无缺。所以填that。 7．You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists. that　句意：你等待的地方是错误的。大客车接送客人的地方是在宾馆。句子正常表述为The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.可见这是强调地点状语。 8．If ________(accept)for the job，you'll be informed soon. accepted　考查状语从句的省略。句意：如果你被录取做这个工作，你将很快被通知。完整的句子为：If you are accepted for the job，you'll be informed soon。 9．Video games can be a poor influence if ________(leave)in the wrong hands. left　句意：电子游戏如果落入不对的人的手里就可能有坏的影响。if (the video games are)left in the wrong hands，主从句的主语相同，省略从句中的主语和be动词。 10．Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. keep　句意：永远记住：你的主要任务就是让这个公司顺利运作。句子没有主语且表示命令，故为祈使句，故填keep。 11．________(observe)carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. Observe　考查祈使句。句意：在实验室做实验时要仔细观察是否发生了什么变化。if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab为从句，设空处应为动词原形构成祈使句，故填Observe。 12．Give me a chance，________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise. and　句意：给我一次机会，我会给你一个惊喜。本题考查特殊句式中的“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式。故填and。 13．The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，________ ever，reaching 30 ℃ in summer. if　考查状语从句的省略。句意：这里的气候很宜人，夏天的气温极少达到30摄氏度。当从句中的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。if ever与rarely连用，意为“极少”。 14．________(make)what you're doing today important，because you're trading a day of your life for it. Make　考查特殊句式。句意：让你今天做的事情有意义，因为你正拿你生命中的一天来换取它。根据句意可知前半句为祈使句，用来给别人提建议，故填Make。 15．The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ________(not). not to　句意：这个司机想把车停在路边，但被警察告知不要这么做。考查省略。空格处补全为not to park his car near the roadside。 一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence 1.________ they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 2.________(poor)studied；however，biologists calculate that there are about 20，000—25，000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods 3.________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s，and are expensive 4.________(perform)consistently over a large area.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 5.________(report)increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to a 6.________(believe)that populations are increasing.Scientists have responded by 7.________(note)that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements，leading to the illusion(错觉)that populations are 8.________(high)than they actually are.Of 9.________ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six 10.________(be)stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近年来北极熊的生存状况。 1．that　考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。 2．poorly　考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。 3．of/for　考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of连接，“methods of doing sth.”意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构；或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。 4．to perform　考查非谓语动词。句意：跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法只是从二十世纪八十年代中期以来才开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式作原因或目的状语。故此处填to perform。 5．have reported　考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。 6．belief　考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处用名词形式，故填belief。 7．noting　考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词作宾语，故填noting。 8．higher　考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。 9．the　考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已识别的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。 10．are　考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，要用复数谓语，时态为一般现在时，故填are。 二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Carved into the cliffs above the Dachuan River，the Mogao Caves represent the great 1.________(achieve)of Buddhist art over 1，000 years，from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty. In all，492 caves are 2.________(present)preserved，housing about 10，000 square meters of murals and over 2，000 painted sculptures，3.________ provide an abundance of vivid materials demonstrating 4.________(vary)aspects of medieval(中世纪的)politics，economics，culture，arts，religion，ethnic relations，and daily dress in western China. The caves 5.________(link)to the history of transcontinental relations and of the spread of Buddhism throughout Asia，6.________(offer)invaluable reference for studying the complex history of ancient China and Central Asia. In 1961，the Mogao Caves were listed as one of the State Priority Protected Sites and put 7.________ the protection of national laws.In 1987，the caves were registered on the World Heritage List.For years，the Administrative Institution of the Mogao Caves 8.________(cooperate)with international counterparts to study conservation and site management. The goal of the future is 9.________(conduct)the measures set out in the management plan by the 10.________(schedule)time，and make its historical value available to future generations. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲解了莫高窟保护现状、历史以及对未来保护的规划。 1．achievement/achievements　考查名词。句意：莫高窟雕刻在大川河畔的悬崖峭壁上，代表了1 000多年来佛教艺术的伟大成就。设空处前为形容词，形容词修饰名词，故设空处应用名词形式。achievement可做抽象名词指“成就”故用achievement；当作具体名词时，可看作可数名词，应用复数的形式，故填achievement (s)。 2．presently　考查副词。句意：目前保存下来的洞穴共有492个，壁画面积约为10 000平方米。设空处后为动词，副词修饰动词，故应用副词的形式。故填presently。 3．which　考查非限制性定语从句。句意：2 000多件彩绘雕塑，提供了丰富生动的资料，展示了中国西部中世纪的政治、经济、文化、艺术、宗教、民族关系和日常服饰的各个方面。设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作指物的主语。先行词为sculptures雕塑，应用关系代词which。故填which。 4．various　考查形容词。句意见上题解析。设空处后为名词，形容词修饰名词，故设空处为形容词形式。故填various。 5．are linked　考查谓语动词。句意：这些洞穴与跨越大陆的关系史和佛教在亚洲的传播史有关，为研究古代中国和中亚的复杂历史提供了宝贵的参考。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语the caves之间是被动关系。叙述客观事实应用一般现在时。故填are linked。 6．offering　考查非谓语动词。句意：这些洞穴与跨越大陆的关系史和佛教在亚洲的传播史有关，为研究古代中国和中亚的复杂历史提供了宝贵的参考。设空处在句中作非谓语，和句子的主语之间为逻辑主动关系，故应用现在分词的形式。故填offering。 7．under　考查介词。句意：1961年，莫高窟被列为国家重点文物保护单位，受到国家法律保护。under the protection of...“在……的保护之下”为固定短语。故填under。 8．has been cooperating　考查动词的时态。句意：多年来，莫高窟管理机构一直与国际同行合作，研究保护和遗址管理。结合时间状语for years和语境可知，此处强调动作从过去开始一直持续到现在并会持续到将来，应用现在完成进行时，主语为不可数名词，助动词用has。故填has been cooperating。 9．to conduct　考查非谓语动词。句意：未来的目标是在预定的时间内执行管理计划中规定的措施。设空处在句中作非谓语，表示将来要发生的动作，应用动词不定式的形式。故填to conduct。 10．scheduled　考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。设空处在句中作定语，和所修饰词之间的关系为逻辑被动关系。应用动词的过去分词形式。故填scheduled。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $