第一部分 专题十 名词性从句-【成功方案】2025年高考英语艺术生文化课总复习教师用书(Word)

专题十　名词性从句 1．(2025·北京卷)The truth，though，is ________ could be guessed—there's never anyone else here.Just me，Nick，and the quiet forest. what　考查表语从句引导词。句意：不过，真相正如所料——这里从来没有其他人，只有我和尼克，还有这片安静的森林。“is”后接表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，用what引导，what在从句中作主语，意为“……的事情”。故填what。 2．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)This is ________ they need an English trainer. why　考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。 3．(2023·全国乙卷)It seems that TV programmes have helped change ________ people think about cooking. what　考查宾语从句。句意：似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。change 后的宾语从句缺少宾语，故填 what。 4．(2021·全国乙卷)Also，it gives our parents more time to do ________ they like and it improves the family relationship. what　考查宾语从句。do后面缺宾语，所以后面应该是宾语从句，连词在从句中充当宾语。句意：这给了父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，并改善了家庭关系。故填what。 5．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. What　考查主语从句。句意为：这次经历的令人惊叹之处在于这绝世的景色。此处是主语从句，主语从句部分缺主语，故填What。 6．(2021·全国甲卷)One of the ground rules of the swap should be ________ everyone must try on the clothes before they take them. that　考查表语从句。句意：交换的基本原则之一是每个人在带走之前必须要试穿。从句中意思完整，不缺成分，故填that。 7．(2020·浙江卷)Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on ________ could be hunted or gathered from the wild，and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. what　根据句子结构可知设空处引导介词后的宾语从句，且设空处在从句中作主语，表示“什么”，故填what。 8．(2020·天津卷)The student completed this experiment to make come true ________ Professor Joseph had said. what　考查名词性从句。句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。what Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句。引导宾语从句，在从句中作said的宾语，像这样兼作成分是what的特点。(该句中宾语补足语come true被前置。) 9．(2019·江苏卷)Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body. that　考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。 10．(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada. that　考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。 11．(2017·江苏卷)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of ________ it used to charge. what　考查宾语从句。句意：我们选择这家宾馆是因为一晚上的住宿费降到了20美元，这是该宾馆过去要价的一半。“half of ________ it used to charge”是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句中的宾语。 12．(2020·江苏卷)It is not a problem ________ we can win the battle；it's just a matter of time. whether　考查主语从句。句意：我们是否能赢得战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。 13．(2017·天津卷)She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn't. whether　句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认，我还没有还。 14．(2020·江苏卷)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing，and then goes for ________． whatever　考查宾语从句。句意：这位演员经常在表演之前先准备两个小魔术，然后再做其他。该句其实是宾语从句的省略，只留下引导词，补全为whatever he wants to do。可见，该宾语从句的引导词在从句中作宾语，无选择范围。 15．(2018·江苏卷)By boat is the only way to get here，which is ________ we arrived. how　考查语意逻辑关系。句意：坐船是到达这里的唯一方法，这就是我们如何(how)到达的。 考点一　名词性从句的引导词that与what的区别 引导词 句法功能 省略情况 that 不作任何句子成分 引导宾语从句有时可以省略 what 主语、宾语、表语、定语 不能省略 It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike. 总统会采取什么措施来结束这次罢工还不清楚。 考点二　whether与if的区别 只能用whether，不能用if的情况： (1)在主语从句、表语从句、介词之后的宾语从句及同位语从句中； (2)后面直接跟动词不定式； (3)与or not连用； (4)引导让步状语从句时。 Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesn't matter whether you have lived there for a short or a long time. 村子里的每个人都很友好。无论你在哪里住多久都没关系。(此句为主语从句，故只能使用whether) 考点三　“疑问词＋ever”引导的名词性从句与“no matter＋疑问词”引导的状语从句的区别 1．“疑问词＋ever”可引导名词性从句，在主语从句中都充当一定的成分。 who只在从句中作成分，而whoever在主从句中都作成分。引导名词性从句的whoever相当于anybody who；whomever则在主从句中都作宾语；whichever相当于anyone which。 2．“疑问词＋ever”还可引导让步状语从句。 3．“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。 As many as five courses are provided，and you are free to choose whichever suits you best. 提供了多达五门的课程，你可以任意选择最适合你的一门。(宾语从句) You can come whenever/no matter when you like.无论什么时候，只要你想来，你就来。(状语从句) 考点四　名词性从句连接副词when，where，how，why的判断 在判断名词性从句引导词的使用时，要兼顾句意和句子成分，如果句子缺成分，则缺什么补什么，当然要满足句意要求，使句子符合语境。 考点五　同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1．从语法角度来看，引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，它除了起引导从句的语法作用之外，还要在从句中充当句子成分，主要是作主语或宾语。 2．从先行词的词性来看，同位语从句的先行词大都为抽象名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词，也可以是代词。 3．从可否省略来看，同位语从句的that一般不可以省略，但是定语从句中的关系代词如果在从句中充当宾语，在非正式用语中常常可以将关系代词that省略。 4．从引导词来看，同位语从句有时也可以用whether来引导，但是定语从句不用whether来引导。 5．引导同位语从句的关联词是对先行词的具体内容进行进一步的解释说明，与先行词不存在指代关系；而引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词不但在从句中充当成分，而且与其修饰的先行词指代的是同一个人或者事物。 I made a promise to myself that this year，my first year in high school，would be different. 我给自己做出承诺：今年，是我上高中的第一年，将会与以往不同。(that引导promise的同位语从句) This is the museum that you visited a few days ago. 这就是你几天前参观的那个博物馆。(that引导定语从句) 【温馨提示】　名词性从句的时态和语序 (1)名词性从句一律使用陈述句语序。 (2)在宾语从句中，当主句动词是现在时态时，宾语从句根据自身的句子情况而使用不同时态；当主句动词是过去时态(could，would除外)时，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时等；当从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象时，则从句仍用现在时态。 1．—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. —By working out every day. how　句意：——我想知道这么些年来玛丽是如何保持体形的。——通过每天锻炼身体。“________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years”为宾语从句，该从句中缺少方式状语，故填how。 2．You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. where　句意：如果你要计划到那里的最好路线，你就得知道你将要往哪儿走。“________ you're going”为宾语从句，该从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。 3．Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for ________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. what　句意：读着她的自传，我沉浸在对Doris Lessing在文学上获得的成就的崇拜之中。“________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature”为宾语从句，该从句中缺少宾语且表示“事物”，故填what。 4．The exhibition tells us ________ we should do something to stop air pollution. why　句意：这个展览告诉我们为什么我们应该做一些事情来阻止空气污染。“________ we should do something to stop air pollution”为宾语从句，该从句中缺少原因状语，故填why。 5．Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565. when　句意：土豆被引入欧洲的确切时间不能确定，但很可能是1565年左右。分析句子结构可知，设空处为主语从句的引导词，从around 1565判断，这里指时间，故填when。 6．I think ________ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. what　句意：我认为他的画使我印象深刻的是他对色彩的使用。分析句子结构可知在主语从句________ impresses me about his painting中，所缺的词作主语且表示“物”，所以填what。 7．It is difficult for us to imagine ________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. what　句意：我们很难想象古代奴隶们的生活是什么样子的。分析句子结构可知在该空引导的宾语从句中介词like后面缺少宾语且设空处表示“事物”，所以填what。 8．—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah，but I have no idea ________ he did it；that's one of his favorite universities. why　句意：——迈克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学给他的录取机会，这是真的吗？——是的，但是我不知道他为什么会这样做，那可是他最喜欢的大学之一。根据句意填why。why引导同位语从句。 9．Pick yourself up.Courage is doing ________ you're afraid to do. what　句意：振作起来，勇气就是去做你害怕去做的事情。分析题干可知doing后为宾语从句，从句中缺作宾语的连接词。在宾语从句中，what可以作主语或宾语，所以填what。 10．“Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.” This is ________ my mother used to tell me. what　句意：“每次你吃糖果的时候，喝点绿茶。”这就是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的。根据句意可知，设空处引导表语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语且表示“事物”，因此填what。 11．—What a mess！You are always so lazy! —I'm not to blame，mum.I am ________ you have made me. what　句意：——真是太乱了！你总是这么懒惰！——妈妈，别责怪我。你使我成了现在这个样子的。根据分析可知am后为表语从句，根据句意和表语从句中缺宾补的情况可知填what。 12．As John Lennon once said，life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. what　句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经所说的那样：当你正在为生活疲于奔波时，生活已离你远去。通过分析可知空格处引导表语从句且从句中缺少主语，故填what。 13．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That's ________ I was born.” where　考查表语从句。句意：奶奶指着那家医院说：“那就是我出生的地方。”根据句意可知该空应该填表示地点的连接词引导表语从句，故填where。 14．________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. What　句意：让这本书如此不同寻常的是作者创造性的想象力。空格处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，且指的是“事物”，故填What引导。 15．Experts believe ________ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. that　句意：专家认为，人们可以通过只有需要(食物)时才购物这一方法来减少食物的浪费。该从句为宾语从句。空格处引导的宾语从句的结构和意思都很完整，故填that。 一、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 No structure is as symbolically significant or 1.________(cultural)important to China as the Great Wall.Architectural 2.________(engineer)are part of a huge project to repair this centuries-old structure. Jiankou 3.________(believe)to be one of the most rugged stretches of the relic.Some of the most dangerous work includes laborers hanging from towering heights.With ropes tied around 4.________(they)waists，repair workers spread cement on the wall's steep sides，while others hold the ropes for support.5.________(survive)a fall from the steep sides would be unlikely.A laborer explains 6.________ he risks his life to make repairs to the ancient structure，saying that it is an honor to be part of such a great cause，and it is very 7.________(meaning)to do so. Getting supplies to this part of the wall is also a demanding effort.Because the path is so steep，donkeys and mules must be used to transport bricks，8.________ can weigh as much as 150kg each.The repair team goes to great lengths 9.________(keep)the principle of minimal intervention.“We have to stick 10.________ the original format，the original material and the original craftsmanship，so that we can better preserve the historical and cultural values，” said Cheng Yongmao，the engineer leading Jiankou's restoration work. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。对中国来说，没有一座建筑像长城那样具有象征意义或文化意义。本文主要介绍了长城最崎岖的部分之一——箭扣。 1．culturally　考查副词。句意：对中国来说，没有一座建筑像长城那样具有象征意义或文化意义。分析句子可知，此处修饰形容词，所以要用副词。故填culturally。 2．engineers　考查名词的数。句意：建筑工程师是修复这座有数百年历史的建筑的庞大项目的一部分。根据空后的are可知，此处的名词要用复数形式。故填engineers。 3．is believed　考查时态和语态。句意：箭扣被认为是最崎岖的遗迹之一。分析句子可知，believe与主语是动宾关系，所以要用被动语态；根据句意和下文动词的时态可知，本句要用一般现在时。所以此处要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is believed。 4．their　考查代词。句意：维修工人把绳子系在腰上，在墙壁陡峭的一侧铺上水泥，其他人则拿着绳子支撑。分析句子可知，此处修饰名词，所以要用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 5．Surviving　考查非谓语动词。句意：从陡峭的山坡上摔下来是不可能存活下来的。分析句子可知，此处作主语，所以要用动名词。故填Surviving。 6．why　考查名词性从句。句意：一名工人解释了他为什么冒着生命危险来修复这座古老的建筑，他说能成为这样一项伟大事业的一部分是一种荣誉，这样做非常有意义。分析句子可知，本句是宾语从句；句子用来说明原因，所以此处要填why。 7．meaningful　考查形容词。句意同上。根据空前的very可知，此处要用形容词作表语。故填meaningful。 8．which　考查定语从句。句意：因为这条路太陡了，必须用驴子和骡子来运送砖块，每块砖块重达150公斤。分析句子可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，所以此处要填which。 9．to keep　考查动词不定式。句意：维修团队竭尽全力保持最小干预的原则。 go to great lengths to do sth.意为“竭尽全力做某事”。 故填to keep。 10．to　考查介词。句意：“我们必须坚持原始的形式、原始的材料和原始的工艺，这样我们才能更好地保存历史和文化价值，”负责箭扣修复工作的工程师程永茂说。stick to sth 意为“坚持某事”。故填to。 二、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Spending time in the great outdoors is a full-on sensory experience with endless skies，beautiful forests，the sounds of the wind and the warm feeling of sunrays 1.________(rest)on your face.In addition to nature's 2.________(enjoy)sights，sounds and sensations，the familiar smells of nature can be just as appealing.In fact，a recent study found that nature doesn't just smell good，but its fragrances make people feel good as well. The researchers from the University of Kent in the UK 3.________(send)194 participants to relax in the woodlands throughout the four seasons.The participants reported feeling relaxed when they smelled 4.________ they described as “fresh air” or “earthy” smells.According to the study，these smells brought back fun memories of their childhoods.5.________ instance，pine trees made some participants think about Christmas. “We found that smells affected multiple fields of well-being with physical well-being discussed most 6.________(frequent)，particularly in relation to relaxation，comfort and rejuvenation(恢复活力)，” wrote the researchers in the study.They also found that people feel more settled in a smell-free zone，with this result possibly 7.________(link)to the absence of bad-smelling urban smells，like pollution. Dr Jessica Fisher，study co-author，pointed out these results could 8.________(apply)in future practice.In his opinion，when 9.________ comes to enjoying a hike in the woods or a picnic under the open skies，it pays 10.________(keep)not only one's eyes and ears，but also one's nose，open. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，大自然芳香的气味能改善幸福感。 1．resting　考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间在户外是一种全方位的感官体验，无尽的天空，美丽的森林，风的声音和温暖的阳光照在你的脸上。sunrays与空白处所填词在逻辑上是主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填resting。 2．enjoyable　考查形容词。句意：除了大自然令人愉快的景象、声音和感觉之外，大自然熟悉的气味也同样具有吸引力。空白处所填词在文中作定语修饰“sights，sounds and sensations”，故填形容词enjoyable。 3．sent　考查动词时态。句意：来自英国肯特大学的研究人员让194名参与者在一年四季都在森林里放松。根据下一句中的“The participants reported...”可知，谓语动词动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时。故填sent。 4．what　考查名词性从句。句意：参与者报告说，当他们闻到他们所说的“新鲜空气”或“泥土”气味时，他们感到放松。空白处所填词引导宾语从句，且在从句中作described的宾语，指物，应用连接代词what引导，故填what。 5．For　考查介词。句意：例如，松树让一些参与者想起了圣诞节。for instance意为“例如”，首字母应大写。故填For。 6．frequently　考查副词。句意：“我们发现，气味会影响多个领域的健康，其中最常被讨论的是身体健康，尤其是与放松、舒适和恢复活力有关的健康，”研究人员在研究中写道。空白处所填词作状语修饰动词“discussed”，故填副词frequently。 7．linked　考查非谓语动词。句意：他们还发现，人们在没有气味的地方感觉更安定，这种结果可能与没有城市难闻的气味有关，比如污染。此处是“with＋宾语＋宾补”复合结构作状语，link和宾语this result之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。故填linked。 8．be applied　考查动词语态。句意：该研究的合著者Jessica Fisher博士指出，这些结果可以应用于未来的实践。“these results”是“apply”动作的承受者，故用被动语态；情态动词could在此用于表示“可能性”，后接动词原形。故填be applied。 9．it　考查代词。句意：在他看来，当谈到享受在树林里远足或在开阔的天空下野餐时，不仅要睁大眼睛和耳朵，还要睁大鼻子。when it comes to...为固定句型，意为“谈到，涉及……”。故填it。 10．to keep　考查非谓语动词。句意同上。句中it作形式主语，空白处用不定式作真正主语。故填to keep。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $