专题05 思维能力提升策略（全国通用）2026年高考英语阅读理解突破策略及押题

专题05.思维能力提升策略 策略分析 在英语阅读理解中，超越字面意义，准确捕捉语篇作者、说话人或文中人物的观点、态度和情感，是衡量读者批判性思维能力的重要标尺。这种能力要求读者不再是被动的信息接收者，而是主动的意义建构者。作者的观点态度往往不是直接宣告的，而是通过词汇选择、句式结构、修辞手法、信息布局等手段隐含地表达出来。 掌握观点态度理解策略，不仅能帮助读者更深刻地理解文本内涵，体会作者的写作意图，也是攻克高考、四六级、考研等英语考试中“态度题”、“推断题”和“写作目的题”的关键。本专题将系统介绍六种实用且高效的策略，并结合不同类型的语篇实例进行剖析，旨在提升读者的深度阅读和逻辑思辨能力。 策略操作 策略一：关键词与感情色彩分析法 【策略简述】这是最基础也最直接的方法。作者在表达观点时，会刻意选用带有明显感情色彩的词语，即褒义词、贬义词或中性词。通过识别并分析这些关键词及其感情倾向，读者可以快速定位作者的态度。褒义词表达赞赏、肯定、支持；贬义词表达批评、否定、反对；中性词则力求客观陈述。 【适用语篇】议论文、新闻报道、书评、产品评论等几乎所有带有主观评价性质的语篇。 【阅读语段】 The government's new policy on urban renewal is nothing short of a disaster. Instead of revitalizing the old neighborhoods, it has heartlessly bulldozed them, replacing vibrant communities with soulless steel-and-glass towers. The residents, once proud of their unique heritage, now feel displaced and alienated. We can only lament this shortsighted and destructive approach. 【策略分析】 识别关键词： 在这段话中，作者使用了一系列带有强烈负面感情色彩的词语： disaster (灾难) heartlessly (无情地) soulless (没有灵魂的) displaced (背井离乡的) alienated (疏离的) lament (哀叹) shortsighted (目光短浅的) destructive (破坏性的) 判断态度： 这些词语密集出现，构建了一个极其负面的语境。作者没有直接说“I hate this policy”，但通过这些贬义词，他/她对政府新政策的强烈批判、失望和谴责的态度已经跃然纸上。 策略二：修辞手法与语气推断法 【策略简述】作者常借助修辞手法来委婉或强化地表达自己的态度。常见的如： 反讽: 说反话，字面意思与真实意图相反，常用于表达嘲讽或不满。 比喻/暗喻: 通过A事物来描绘B事物，比喻的选择本身就带有态度（如将某事物比作“天使”或“魔鬼”）。 夸张: 故意放大或缩小事实，以强调某种情感或观点。 反问: 形式上是问句，但答案已包含在问题中，用于加强语气，表达强烈的肯定或否定。 【适用语篇】文学评论、社论、演讲、讽刺性文章等。 实例与分析： 【阅读语段】 Oh, what a brilliant idea it was to build a factory right next to the nature reserve! Now, the birds can enjoy the soothing music of machinery 24/7, and the children have a wonderful new view of smokestacks. Who wouldn't want to trade fresh air for economic progress like this? 【策略分析】 识别修辞： 这段话充满了反讽。 brilliant idea (绝妙的主意)、soothing music (舒缓的音乐)、wonderful new view (美妙的新景色) 这些褒义词被用在了一个明显负面的语境中，形成了强烈的反差。 结尾的反问句 Who wouldn't want to trade...? (谁不想用……来交换呢？) 实际上是在说“没有人会想这样”。 判断态度： 作者的真实态度与字面意思完全相反。他/她通过反讽，对在自然保护区旁建工厂的决定表达了极大的讽刺、愤怒和强烈反对。 策略三：句式结构与语篇节奏把握法 【策略简述】句子的长短、结构类型也能反映作者的情绪和态度。 短句、排比句： 节奏快，语气强烈，常用于表达激动、愤怒、命令或强调观点。 长句、复杂句： 节奏慢，语气平缓，常用于进行细致的描述、严谨的论证或表达复杂、沉思的情感。 感叹句、疑问句： 直接抒发情感，表达惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等。 【适用语篇】记叙文、描写文、演讲稿、广告等。 实例与分析： 【阅读语段】 The storm hit. Waves crashed. Rain fell. The wind howled. Everything was chaos. What power! What fury! Nature, in its rawest form, was simply unstoppable. 【策略分析】 分析句式： 开头连续使用四个极短的句子 The storm hit. Waves crashed. Rain fell. The wind howled.，营造出一种急促、紧张的节奏，仿佛风暴就在眼前。 接着使用感叹句 What power! What fury!，直接抒发了对自然力量的敬畏和惊叹。 最后用一个长句 Nature, in its rawest form, was simply unstoppable. 进行总结和升华，语气从紧张转为一种深沉的敬畏。 判断态度： 通过短句的快节奏和感叹句的强烈语气，作者/叙述者表达了对风暴所代表的自然力量的敬畏、惊叹甚至是一丝恐惧。 策略四：论据选择与信息呈现视角法 【策略简述】在议论文或说明文中，作者为了支持自己的观点，会有选择地呈现论据。分析作者引用了什么、忽略了什么，以及如何呈现这些信息，是洞察其立场和偏见的关键。一个只谈好处不谈坏处的作者，其态度必然是支持的；反之亦然。 【适用语篇】议论文、新闻报道、学术摘要、调查报告等。 实例与分析： 【阅读语段】 Proponents of artificial intelligence in education highlight its numerous benefits. AI-powered platforms can provide personalized learning paths for each student, adapting to their pace and style. Moreover, these systems free up teachers' time from repetitive grading, allowing them to focus on mentoring and creative instruction. Early trials have shown a 15% increase in test scores in participating schools. 【策略分析】 分析论据选择： 这段话完全聚焦于AI在教育中的积极方面。 列举了优点：个性化学习、解放教师、提高成绩。 提供了具体数据：15% increase in test scores。 完全忽略了潜在的弊端，如数据隐私问题、学生社交能力下降、技术鸿沟、算法偏见等。 判断态度： 通过这种“一边倒”的信息呈现方式，作者（或文中的“Proponents”）对AI在教育领域的应用持有非常积极、乐观和支持的态度。这种选择性的呈现本身就是一种强有力的说服手段。 策略五：人物言行与内心独白解读法 【策略简述】在记叙文或小说中，人物的观点态度主要通过其言行和内心独白来展现。分析人物说了什么、做了什么，以及他们在想什么，是理解其性格、动机和立场的关键。尤其要注意人物言行之间的矛盾，这往往揭示了更深层的内心冲突。 【适用语篇】小说、短篇故事、传记、戏剧等。 实例与分析： 【阅读语段】 When Mark saw his colleague, Sarah, receive the promotion he had worked for all year, he forced a smile. "Congratulations, Sarah. You totally deserve it," he said, his voice a little too tight. As he walked back to his desk, he clenched his fists under the table. *'Deserve it?* he thought, *'I stayed late every night while she left at five. The world is so unfair.'* 【策略分析】 分析言行与内心： 言行: Mark表面上说了祝贺的话，甚至用了“totally deserve it”这样肯定的词。这是一种社交面具，试图表现得大度。 内心独白: 他的真实想法在独白中暴露无遗：'I stayed late... The world is so unfair.' 这充满了嫉妒、不公感和自怜。 细节: forced a smile (挤出一个微笑), voice a little too tight (声音有点紧), clenched his fists (攥紧拳头) 这些非语言细节也印证了他内心的愤怒和不甘。 判断态度： 通过言行与内心的巨大反差，我们可以深刻理解Mark对Sarah获得晋升这件事的真实态度是极度嫉妒、愤愤不平，并认为结果不公。 策略六：语篇模式与篇章结构分析法 【策略简述】从宏观的篇章结构入手，分析文章的组织模式，也能推断作者的整体态度和写作目的。常见的语篇模式有： 问题-解决模式: 如果文章大量篇幅用于描述问题的严重性，作者态度可能是担忧、警示；如果重点在解决方案，则态度更偏向积极、建设性。 因果分析模式: 作者在分析原因时，是归咎于个人还是社会？这反映了其立场。 比较-对比模式: 作者在比较时，其天平明显倾向哪一方？通过措辞和篇幅分配可以看出。 【适用语篇】说明文、议论文、社论、研究报告等。 实例与分析： 【阅读语段】 (Para. 1) The phenomenon of "digital amnesia" is becoming increasingly alarming. Young people, relying on smartphones for everything, can no longer recall basic information like phone numbers or directions. (Para. 2) The root cause is an over-reliance on external memory devices. Our brains, like muscles, atrophy when not used. (Para. 3) To combat this, we must initiate a "digital detox" movement in schools. Educators should design assignments that require memory and critical thinking, rather than simple information retrieval. Parents, too, must limit screen time and encourage traditional learning methods. 【策略分析】 分析篇章结构： 这篇文章采用了经典的“问题-原因-解决方案”结构。 问题: 第一段用 alarming (令人担忧的) 描述“数字失忆症”，奠定了忧虑的基调。 原因: 第二段分析了原因，使用了 atrophy (萎缩) 这样的词，继续强化负面认知。 解决方案: 第三段是全文的重点，篇幅最长，用了 must initiate (必须发起), should design (应该设计) 等情态动词，语气非常坚定，充满了行动的呼吁。 判断态度： 从整个结构来看，作者虽然指出了严重的问题，但其重心和落脚点在于“如何解决”。因此，作者的整体态度是深切担忧但积极主动、富有建设性的。他不仅仅是一个批评者，更是一个改革呼吁者。 突破演练 1 Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a Classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice. 1．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A．People should offer mercy to others. B．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected. C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D．Aggressive people should learn to forgive. 2．What does the example in Paragraph 2 illustrate? A．To forgive is to love. B．To fight is to grow. C．To dominate is to harm. D．To give is to receive. 3．What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness? A．Objective. B．Reserved. C．Favorable. D．Skeptical. 4．What is message of the last paragraph? A．Forgiveness is in our nature. B．Forgiveness grows with time. C．Actuality is based on potentiality. D．It takes practice to forgive. 2 “Without trust,” writes Rachel Botsman, “society cannot survive, and it certainly cannot thrive." Clearly, we are in trouble. Two-thirds of people surveyed last year in 28 countries expressed low levels of trust in "mainstream institutions" of business, government and media. In “Who Can You Trust?” Botsman, an Oxford lecturer offers a timely and accessible framework for understanding what trust is, how it works, why it matters and how it is evolving. It is an important guidance to the obstacles and opportunities we face as a society if we are to repair and redefine trust. Through human history, trust has evolved in three basic stages: Local trust was enough when people lived in small communities and everybody knew everybody else; industrialization and urbanization required institutional trust so that people could trust complete strangers running governments, corporations, and standards for international trade, commerce and finance. We are now living through a massive global .shift of trust from institutions to individuals: distributed trust facilitated by high-tech platforms, many of which are run by the private sector. This shift is caused by several factors. First, accountability is unequal. Rich, powerful and well-connected individuals have been able to accumulate vast quantities of often undocumented wealth by avoiding tax and anti-bribery laws, while ordinary people are likely to be caught and punished for lawbreaking. Second, people in power are no longer seen to deserve greater respect as the details of their lives are exposed. Botsman does not prescribe how we deal with that. But if the old ways of giving and cancelling trust such as voting, markets and consumer choice are no longer functioning, then we must change or replace them. Systems must be "driven democratically and rationally," become more "transparent, inclusive, and accountable" and, most important, be designed to "put people first," which profit-driven platforms have failed to do sufficiently. Tech executives are responding to the trust crisis mainly with promises of more and better technology. But Batsman warns that the responsibility for ensuring that the robots being used are trustworthy lies with the human beings who design and use them. We have not thought through how we hold those people accountable, let alone their robots. She warns against a natural tendency "to become over-reliant on machines." Ideally machines should be programmed to "understand" their own limitations and even seek human help or intervention. A growing number of people hope that new trust mechanisms can be established through the use of exciting new technologies such as the blockchain（区块链）. In essence, blockchains are digital public ledgers of transactions that cannot be changed, thereby creating greater transparency and accountability and making corruption much harder. However, Botsman warns that the blockchain is no panacea for human trust. Whether blockchain systems lead to more accountable governance and a more just global economy will depend on their design and the intentions of those who build them. There is no app for fixing trust. "Who Can You Trust?" does make a clear case for why it is important for the companies, governments and other institutions to be much more transparent and subject themselves to new mechanisms that can credibly hold them accountable. It is the only way they can hope to earn and maintain trust in the future. 1．Which of the following orders of trust evolution is right? A．institutional trust→ industrialized trust→ individual trust B．urbanized trust→ local trust→ institutional trust C．local trust→ institutional trust→ distributed trust D．local trust→ urbanized trust →individual trust 2．What can we conclude from the passage? A．Profit-driven platforms pay no attention to the importance of people. B．It is the people who design and use technology that count in restoring trust. C．New technologies, such as the blockchain can prevent corruption from happening. D．People should rely on new technologies to create transparency and accountability. 3．What do the underlined words “no panacea" mean? A．not a Herculean task B．a hard nut C．not a cure-all medicine D．a catch -22 4．What's the author's attitude toward the possibility of using technology to restore trust? A．Supportive B．Negative C．Indifferent D．Skeptical 3 When I was about 4 years old, I decided to go to Disney World. For most young kids, it’s a normal request, but I had cerebral palsy (脑瘫). Walking into anywhere, let alone a crowded place like Disney World was, to put it lightly, a tall order. Luckily, I had people in my corner to help me. Over the next three years, I worked with physical doctors, acquired a walker, and practiced walking, standing, and balance — all skills that I would need to turn my goal into a reality. I remember the feeling when my legs would protest doing any more work. Despite this, everyone else told me I could do it, so I kept it up. It was all because of people like my parents, brothers, teachers, and doctors that I was able to grow so much, both physically and mentally. Constantly pushing me to “walk on,” yet encouraging me whenever I needed it. On June 9, 2008, as I stood in the tunnel leading into Main Street, my dad asked me if I wanted any help. I instantly replied, “No!” and situated myself facing the end of the tunnel, feet planted firmly, heart most likely beating out of my chest. Then I went, walking ever so slowly at first, then gradually speeding up. Step, step, step, step, bump. Holding fast onto the handlebars, I gathered up all my strength, picked up my walker and straightened out, picking up my pace once again. It wasn’t too long before the cheering increased because I had made it to the end, where my mom was waiting with tears in her eyes and arms open wide ready to hug her son and tell him how proud she was. Looking back on that experience, I realize something pretty thoughtful. Every once in a while, life will throw a few bumps in the road. Though it may set you back for a bit, don’t let it stop you. Pick yourself back up and finish. It’s worth it. Besides, there just might be someone there cheering you on along the way. 1．Which of the following best explains “a tall order” underlined in paragraph 1? A．An easy decision. B．An available action. C．A reasonable order. D．A challenging task. 2．Why does the author say he’s lucky? A．He eventually has his brain disease well cured. B．He constantly gets courage and support from others. C．He is likely to do any kind of work in his later life. D．He is naturally gifted in keeping balance on his own. 3．The author gives a vivid picture of himself in paragraph 3 to______. A．explain he was terrified to take the first step B．describe he took pride in his mother and friends C．show how he managed to walk by himself D．prove how he understood to respect others 4．What can be the best title of the text? A．Where Dreams Come True B．When Bad Fortune Falls C．How I Value Friendship D．Why I Look Back My Life 4 Echoes of a 1997 Harbour Night: A Farewell in Shadowed Times The Victoria Harbour glittered below, its familiar sparkle now a disquieting reminder of all Stanley Cheng was leaving behind. Seated at the rooftop restaurant, the savoury aroma of dai pai dong delicacies mingled oddly with the scent of his leather suitcase. Tomorrow, he would board a flight not for adventure, but for necessity — San Francisco. The imminent handover loomed like a storm cloud, forcing choices that tasted of unspoken compromise. Mei Ling, his confidante since their Kowloon childhood days, raised her teacup. Her smile, usually radiant, seemed strained at the edges. “To your journey, Stanley,” she offered, her voice thick with unvoiced sorrow. “May the Golden Gate shine half as brightly as our harbour tonight.” Stanley clung to her words, a knot of emotions tightening in his throat. Their shared history — surviving typhoons, cramming for exams under flickering neon, dreaming amidst the relentless energy of Nathan Road — felt poignantly fragile now. “Remember Wong Tai Sin last Mid-Autumn?” Mei Ling’s question hung in the air. “We released those lanterns, believing their flight mirrored our futures... boundless.” Stanley nodded, draining his jasmine tea to hide the involuntary tremor in his hand. The optimism of youth felt like a distant echo. “Fate plays discordant tunes, Mei,” he murmured, his gaze fixed on the ferries crisscrossing the dark water. “Leaving feels less like soaring, more like... uprooting.” Later, under the waning crescent moon, Mei Ling’s voice rose in a familiar melody — an old Cantopop ballad about fleeting time and unwavering bonds. Stanley listened, transfixed. Each note carved itself into his memory — the raucous city hum beneath them, the fragile warmth of shared presence, the profound ache of impending separation. This wasn’t mere farewell; it was the dismantling of a world. Why This Night Held the Weight of a Thousand Tomorrows As the final note faded, Mei Ling turned, her eyes reflecting the harbour lights. “Stanley,” she began, her voice laced with quiet intensity, “Time will pass. You’ll hear countless symphonies in concert halls across the ocean. You’ll witness sunsets gilding the Pacific, constellations unknown gracing foreign skies.” She paused, her next words deliberate, heavy. “Yet, I venture to say, no grandeur out there, no matter how dazzling, will eclipse the luminosity of this very hour. For this light,” she gestured around them, “isn’t cast by the moon alone, but by the shared history illuminating our goodbye.” Stanley felt the sting of profound truth. Future marvels would be admired, perhaps enjoyed, but always viewed through the lens of absence. This moment, steeped in shared sacrifice and tinged with regret, held an irreplaceable resonance. Its beauty was inextricably bound to its pain, magnified by the uncertainty of return. A Fragile Pact Against the Tide of Change Descending the Peak Tram for the last time, Mei Ling pressed a worn cassette into Stanley’s palm — recordings of Hong Kong’s soundscape. “When the fog clings stubbornly to those San Francisco hills,” she whispered, her composure finally fraying, “or when the sheer alienness of it all threatens to engulf you... play this. Let the rain sound like our monsoon, the cable car bell like our trams. Summon this night. Remember who we were here.” Stanley vowed solemnly, a lump rendering his voice hoarse. The path ahead promised isolation. When, or if, the stars would align for a reunion remained shrouded in the mists of tomorrow. It was this gnawing ambiguity that lent their final evening its excruciating preciousness. Standing alone later on his hotel balcony, the harbour’s dwindling lights mirroring his receding home, Mei Ling’s conviction resounded within him. No future splendour could wash away the imprint of this farewell — the bittersweet symphony of belonging, loss, and the unyielding spirit of a home carried within. Its perfection lay not in joy, but in the depth of feeling shared under a shared sky, one final time. Home, he realised, was not a place, but a moment — this moment — suspended precariously between a cherished past and an uncharted future. 1．When Mei Ling compares the Golden Gate Bridge to “our harbour tonight,” why does this comparison make the pain stronger? A．She is saying more than she means. B．She uses a part to represent the whole. C．She uses an exaggerated irony. D．She gives an object a human feeling. 2．The cassette’s hidden weight lies in its power to_________. A．compress an entire city’s soundscape into exile’s pocket B．predict the weather in San Francisco C．erase the need for photographs D．replace Cantonese tones with English vowels 3．In calling leaving “uprooting,” Stanley reveals the core conflict between _________. A．personal ambition and filial duty B．fixed place and floating identity C．romance and career D．memory and imagination 4．The waning crescent moon over the harbour silently measures__________. A．the shrinking time before reunion B．the fading light of a collective era C．the exact hour of departure D．the waxing hope of return 5 When Eugenie George heard that her friend passed a financial counseling exam, at first her heart sank. She had failed the same test weeks earlier, and she needed the qualification to advance her career. “My inner child got upset,” recalled Ms. George, a financial writer and educator from Philadelphia. But then, instead of stewing, she called her friend. “I told her I failed and admitted I was jealous,” she said. Ms. George knew that being upfront would calm her envy, and she was surprised, when it shifted her attitude she could share her friend’s happiness, and experience her own, in turn.“I congratulated her and told her she inspired me.” Finding pleasure in another person’s good fortune is what social scientists call freudenfreude, a term(inspired by the German word for joy)that describes the happiness we feel when someone else succeeds, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. “Freudenfreude is like social glue,” said Catherine, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College. “It makes relationships closer and more enjoyable.” Erika Weiz, an empathy researcher and postdoctoral fellow in psychology at Harvard University, said the feeling closely resembles positive empathy— the ability to experience someone else’s positive emotions. A small 2024 study examined positive empathy’s role in daily life and found that it stimulates kind acts, like helping others. Sharing in someone else’s joy can also foster resilience (韧性), improve life satisfaction and help people cooperate during a conflict. However, freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily. In zero- sum situations, your loss might really sting, making freudenfreude feel out of reach. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self- worth, Dr. Catherine said, you might misread someone else’s victory as a personal shortcoming. And factors like mental health and overall well- being can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Still, freudenfreude is worthwhile— and there are ways to encourage the feeling. 1．What does the underlined phrase “being upfront” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Hiding one’s true feelings. B．Honestly expressing one’s emotions. C．Always escaping from reality. D．Offering practical advice immediately. 2．Which of the following belongs to freudenfreude? A．You felt upset that your best friend lost a match. B．You felt happy that you defeated your opponent. C．You felt delighted that your classmate got a prize. D．You felt glad that you helped those weaker than you. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The benefits of freudenfreude. B．The reasons for freudenfreude. C．The definition of freudenfreude. D．The factors affecting freudenfreude. 4．What might the author continue talking about? A．The importance of sharing others’ success. B．The way to seek more happiness in our life. C．The harm that freudenfreude may bring to us. D．The tips on how to experience freudenfreude. 6 Anger is one of the most intense and challenging emotions we experience. It can arise from feelings of injustice, frustration, or perceived threats to our well-being. Whether anger manifests in ourselves or in others, it has the potential to create division, escalate (升级) conflicts, and harm relationships. However, anger does not have to control us. By utilizing compassion — specifically, compassionate reframing — we can transform anger into a deeper understanding and connection. At its core, anger is a reaction to an appraisal — a mental assessment of a situation that threatens something we value. This appraisal determines the intensity: and quality of our emotional response. However, situations themselves do not contain meaning; we assign meaning to them based on our interpretations. When we react in anger, we often view events through a narrow lens, reinforcing negative emotions and rigid perspectives. Reframing is the process of consciously changing our interpretation of an event to reduce negative emotions. Compassionate reframing takes this one step further by integrating compassion — for both ourselves and others — into the way we interpret situations, helping us move away from hostility and resentment toward a mindset of unity and understanding. Compassion has the power to neutralize anger by softening our perspective. It allows us to acknowledge suffering — both our own and that of others — without immediate judgment or retaliation. We can shift our reactions from aggressive to constructive. Consider a common scenario: You are at a restaurant, and the server has not attended to your table for quite some time. A typical reaction might be: “This is ridiculous! We’ve been waiting forever. The service here is terrible!” A compassionate reframe might be: “I don’t like how long this is taking, but I know serving tables is difficult. Maybe they’re short-staffed tonight. At least I can enjoy my time with friends.” Compassionate reframing acknowledges personal discomfort while also extending understanding to the server. It prevents anger from, escalating and creates an opportunity to act with patience and kindness. Rather than reacting defensively or dismissively, we can ask ourselves: What might be causing their anger? How can I respond in a way that acknowledges their emotions without fueling hostility? Anger is an unavoidable part of life, but it does not have to dominate our reactions or relationships. By practicing compassionate reframing, we gain the ability to step back, assess situations with kindness, and respond in ways that promote peace rather than conflict. Whether in personal interactions, professional settings, or moments of frustration with strangers, compassionate reframing offers a powerful tool for transforming anger into understanding. The choice to reframe our perspective not only benefits our emotional well-being but also fosters a world where compassion leads the way in conflict resolution and human connection. 1．Which statement does the author probably agree with on anger? A．Anger should always be contained in social settings. B．Anger’s impact is greater on oneself than on others. C．Compassionate reframing is effective only in specific contexts. D．Anger is a natural response that can be positively channeled. 2．Anger often escalate conflicts due to the fact that ______ . A．people prioritize winning over resolving issues B．fixed interpretations prevent consideration of others C．anger in its nature ruins relationships D．anger is an unavoidable part of life 3．Why is compassionate reframing proposed to conduct according to the passage? A．To reduce negative emotions through a deeper understanding. B．To acknowledge suffering without judgment and development and develop sympathy. C．To rationalize one’s dissatisfaction in challenging situations. D．To minimize the potential of a conflict by controlling emotions. 4．The restaurant scenario illustrates that compassionate reframing can ______ . A．encourage beneficial dialogues instead of confrontation B．decrease the sense of self-awareness during disagreements C．shift focus from personal frustration to others’ circumstances D．validate annoyance as a justified response to the issue 5．The writer’s friend Nathan was driving suddenly another driver cut him off, nearly causing an accident. How shouldn’t he respond? A．He was such an idiot! He could have killed us both! B．I was scared. But maybe he was rushing to a hospital. C．Dangerous! Perhaps he’s a green hand and misjudged the distance. D．I’m grateful I’m safe. Everyone should be careful in the morning rush. 7 For all the talk of helicopter parents and their snowflake children, most parents I know are more concerned with whether their children’s development would be considered normal by experts than whether they are raising a prodigy (天才). When the teen years arrive, the “Is it normal?” instinct can go into overdrive. Adolescence is marked by many changes, including ones that manifest(显示)physically and, their more challenging counterpart, ones that manifest emotionally. The moods and deep feelings are intense, and make many helicopter parents in a state of extreme panic. But difficult feelings are often not a cause for concern, according to psychologist Lisa Damour in her new book, The Emotional Lives of Teenagers: Raising Connected, Capable, and Compassionate Adolescents. Not only are sadness and worrying healthy and natural parts of being a teenager, but the ability to experience these feelings(without a parent panicking)and to learn how to cope with them is developmentally necessary. There is a lot of commercial marketing around wellness that can give people the impression that they are only mentally healthy or their kids are mentally healthy if they are feeling good, calm or relaxed. This is not an accurate definition of mental health. Mental distress is not only inevitable—it is part of mental health and experiencing it is part of how kids grow and mature. There are many other healthy ways kids regulate emotions besides talking. Listening to mood-matching music is a very adaptive way to regulate as the experience of listening to the music catalyzes the emotion out of them. Teenagers also discharge emotions physically—by going through a run, jumping on a trampoline or banging on drums. Sometimes they will discharge them through creative channels like drawing or making music. As adults, we should not diminish the value of emotional expression that brings relief, even if it doesn’t come in the verbal form to which we are most accustomed. Don’t join in because what we ultimately want is for our teens to become autonomous in dealing with their hard feelings. 1．Why do many helicopter parents feel alarmed in their children’s adolescence? A．They are eager to raise a genius. B．They are concerned about their children’s safety. C．They can’t accept children’s physical changes. D．They are anxious about their children’s mental development. 2．What is a common misunderstanding of mental health? A．It is all about good feelings. B．It means having the ability to handle hardships. C．It contributes to kids’ growing up. D．It refers to a person’s positive qualities. 3．Why does the author discuss kids’ ways to manage emotions in Paragraph 5? A．To confirm bad feelings are sure to be gone. B．To encourage parents to give a helping hand. C．To show kids can tackle hard feelings themselves. D．To clarify the definition of mental health. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Helicopter Parents: You Can Be More Self- reliant. B．Commercial Marketing: A Magical Trick C．Snowflake Children: You Are Promising D．Hard Feelings: A Sign of Teenagers Mental Health 8 What’s more important in determining life success-book smarts or street smarts? This question gets at the heart of an important debate contrasting the relative importance of cognitive(认知的)intelligence (CI) and emotional intelligence (EI). Cognitive intelligence is still recognized as an important element of success, particularly when it comes to academic achievements. People with high cognitive intelligence typically do well in school, often earn more money, and tend to be healthier in general. But today experts recognize that cognitive intelligence is not the only determining factor of life success. Instead, it is part of a complex range of influences-one that includes emotional intelligence. Many companies now provide emotional intelligence training and use emotional intelligence tests as part of the hiring process. Research has found that individuals with strong leadership potential also tend to be more emotionally intelligent, suggesting that high emotional intelligence is an important equality for business leaders and managers. According to a survey of hiring managers, almost 75% of the responders suggested that they valued an employee’s emotional intelligence more than his cognitive intelligence. Now that emotional intelligence is so important, can it be taught or strengthened? According to one meta-analysis that looked at the results of social and emotional learning programmes, the answer to that question is definitely yes. Strategies for teaching emotional intelligence include character education, modeling positive behaviours, encouraging people to think about how others are feeling, and finding ways to be more empathetic(感同身受的)towards others. All in all, life success is a result of many factors. Both cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence play roles in overall success, as well as health, wellness, and happiness. Rather than focusing on which factors have a prior influence, the greatest benefit may lie in learning to improve skills in multiple areas. In addition to strengthening cognitive abilities, such as memory and mental focus, you can also acquire and improve social and emotional skills. 1．What can we know about people with book smarts? A．They can debate with other people. B．They can deal with various situations. C．They can be outstanding in academic research. D．They can be good at gaining real life experience. 2．Why does the author mention the data in Paragraph 3? A．To indicate the strictness of the hiring process. B．To prove the importance of emotional intelligence. C．To explain the result of emotional intelligence tests. D．To show the influence of cognitive intelligence on success. 3．What can be learned concerning emotional intelligence? A．Evaluating how others feel. B．One’s extreme behaviours C．One’s academic performance. D．Controlling others’ emotions. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Does book smarts matter? B．Is CI or El more important? C．What counts most in life? D．Mental health or physical health? 9 Back in 1964, in his book Games People Play, psychiatrist Eric Berne described a pattern of conversation he called “Why Don’t You — Yes But”, which remains one of the most annoying aspects of everyday social life. The person adopting the strategy is usually a chronic complainer. Something is terrible about their relationship, job, or other situation, and they complain about it endlessly, but find some excuse to dismiss any solution that’s proposed. The reason, of course, is that on some level they don’t want a solution; they want to be validated (认可) in their position that the world is out to get them. If they can “win” the game — dismissing every suggestion until interlocutor (对话者) gives up in annoyance — they get to feel pleasurably righteous (正当的) in their anger and excused from any obligation to change. Part of the trouble here is the so-called responsibility/fault fallacy (谬误). When you’re feeling hard done by — taken for granted by your partner, say, or obliged to work for a stupid boss — it’s easy to become attached to the position that it’s not your job to address the matter, and that doing so would be an admission of fault. But there’s a confusion here. For example, if I were to discover a newborn at my front door, it wouldn’t be my fault, but it most certainly would be my responsibility. There would be choices to make, and no possibility of avoiding them, since trying to ignore the matter would be a choice. The point is that what goes for the baby on the doorstep is true in all cases: even if the other person is 100% in the wrong, there’s nothing to be gained, long-term, from using this as a justification to evade responsibility. Should you find yourself on the receiving end of this kind of complaining, there’s a clever way to shut it down — which is to agree with it. Psychotherapist Lori Gottlieb describes this as “over-validation”. For one thing, you’ll be spared further complaining, since the other person’s motivation was to confirm her beliefs, and now you’re confirming them. But for another, as Gottlieb notes, people confronted with over-validation often hear their complaints afresh and start arguing back. The concept that they’re utterly powerless suddenly seems unrealistic, not to mention rather annoying — so they’re prompted instead to generate ideas about how they might change things. “And then, sometimes, something magical might happen, ” Gotlieb writes. The other person “might realize she’s not as trapped as you are saying she is, or as she feels. ” Avoiding responsibility feels comfortable, but turns out to be a prison; whereas assuming responsibility feels unpleasant, but ends up being freeing. 1．What is the characteristic of a chronic complainer, according to Eric Berne? A．They are angry about their ill treatment and feel bitter towards whoever tries to help. B．They are habitually unhappy and endlessly find fault with people around them. C．They constantly dismiss others’ proposals while taking no responsibility for dealing with the problem. D．They lack the basic skills required for successful conversations with others. 2．What does the author try to illustrate with the example of the newborn on one’s doorstep? A．People tend to think that one should not be held responsible for others’ mistakes. B．It is easy to become attached to the position of overlooking one’s own fault. C．People are often at a loss when confronted with a number of choices. D．A distinction should be drawn between responsibility and fault. 3．What does the author advise people to do to chronic complainers? A．Stop them from going further by agreeing with them. B．Listen to their complaints attentively and sympathetically. C．Ask them to validate their beliefs with further evidence. D．Persuade them to clarify the confusion they caused. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．What is the responsibility/fault fallacy for chronic complainers? B．How can you avoid dangerous traps in everyday social life? C．Who are chronic complainers and how to deal with them? D．Why should we stop being a chronic complainer and assume responsibility? 10 Is there a single word that motivates us more than “weekend”? It’s like the promise of a sweet holiday following what seems like long-time exhaustion. It’s the spring in our step that gets bouncier with each passing day — until by Friday, we’re practically bumping our heads against the ceiling. The trouble is that the weekend is a rip-off. You think you’re getting 48 hours of unconditional downtime, but reality takes a discount. In fact, it takes most of Sunday. That’s when anxiety comes creeping in and another countdown begins: 12 hours until Monday. Sure, the weekend is free time. But the mounting stress of an incoming Monday can ease any joy you might get from a Sunday evening. That feeling is so common among the Monday-to-Friday crowd that there’s even more than one name for it: the Sunday Scaries, or Sunday Fear Syndrome. Going from a countdown to the weekend to a countdown to Monday can be difficult. Even monster.com — a website that specializes in binding humans to the Monday-to-Friday cycle — admits it’s a problem. In a survey, Monster found that 76% of Americans have “really had” Sunday night blues. For most people, Sunday is no holiday at all. It may all come down to the same problem: We can’t stop thinking about tomorrow. Even worse, we may develop some downright unhealthy coping strategies for that transition from weekends to Monday. Some might resists — staying up late, milking every minute of a fleeting Sunday in the form of mind-numbing distractions. But why should Monday cast such a long and fearful shadow on our lives? Maybe it’s because the counter is reset and the weekend, or happiness, seems at furthest point. If, like most of us, you have a tolerable job, but don’t much like the whole idea of working, there are plenty of ways to make Mondays a little less stressful. Most importantly, don’t leave any unsettled Friday business hanging over the weekend. So, clear the decks and tie up loose ends. 1．What do we know about the weekend in Paragraph 2? A．It is hard-earned. B．It doesn’t bring joy as expected. C．It adds to people’s anxiety and stress. D．It provides good time to relax. 2．Why does the writer mention monster.com in the text? A．To clarify a question. B．To show its popularity. C．To provides an illustration. D．To support his idea. 3．What does the writer think of the way most people spend the weekend? A．Tolerant. B．Conservative. C．Unwise. D．Practical. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Why People Are Stressed Out on Fridays B．Why Monday Takes a Bite out of Sunday C．Why a Countdown to the Weekend Is Difficult D．Why Monday Casts a Fearful Shadow on Our Lives 11 People are looking to make meaning after the global pandemic. And one way that some of us do this is to credit coincidences—the unexpected concurrence (同时发生) of events—with helping to find jobs, friends and spouses, make significant career decisions and relieve pains. Scholars disagree on the cause of coincidences. Some say they are random and due to probability. Others see God or spiritual forces at work. Still others say it’s our subconscious making connections. No matter the cause, people who study coincidences say that paying attention to these moments may help us, especially in times of stress. Studies show that noticing coincidences may help boost both the effectiveness of psychotherapy and mental well-being. Michael Schauch, 42, an investment-portfolio manager in Squamish, British Columbia, who is an avid mountaineer, lost his best friend Brent last year. A few months later, Mr. Schauch climbed a mountain he and Brent often scaled together. At the summit, Mr. Schauch found hundreds of ladybugs. When he climbed a different mountain on the anniversary of Brent’s death, he saw a ladybug as he started up each new section of the rock face. “I knew at once that it was Brent, and that he was still there with me, as if to say: ‘You’ve got this, Mike. Keep going!’” he says. Coincidences can make the world feel like it makes good sense, says David B．Yaden, an assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins University School. Varieties of spiritual experiences show a correlation (关联) between coincidences and an increase in positive emotions，better personal relationships and a greater sense of meaning in life. Coincidences are more likely to happen to certain people. “People who are troubled by distress and searching for signs are more likely to experience coincidences,” says Bemard Beitman, a psychiatrist and a coincidence researcher. If you’d like to enhance your ability to notice coincidences, there are several strategies, says Lisa Miller, a clinical psychologist: Be open to them. Write them down. Talk about them with others. “We really need this deep inner wisdom.” she says. 1．What can we learn about coincidences from paragraph 1? A．They happen as expected. B．They provide guidance or relief. C．They activate subconscious mind. D．They contribute to invisible forces. 2．Why does the author mention Michael Schalch’s story? A．To clarify the cause of coincidences. B．To offer a method of coping with grief. C．To show the comforting effect of coincidences. D．To present a solid friendship between two climbers. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Lucky people tend to be surprised by coincidences. B．Wisdom is to the soul what mental health is to the body. C．Coincidences mean more to our daily lives than the surface. D．The more we cultivate coincidences, the more likely they happen. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The meaningful moments in life. B．The hidden power of coincidences. C．The various opinions on coincidences. D．The strategies for noticing coincidences. 12 Your emotion helps you make sense of the world. At the core of an emotion is a subjective experience of the valence of it — what emotion scientists call “affect” (情感). Generally speaking, affect is what we are most focused on. Do you have chocolate cake in front of you? That’s good! Do you see a spider on the table! That’s bad! Your affective reactions tell you which experiences are desirable, and which aren’t, but the total emotional experience includes all you do and think. You can learn a lot by observing and describing them. You can also learn a lot by appreciating their secret life. The problem is: the affective features of emotions tend to dominate. Our subjective valence of emotion is almost all we can see. When emotions are only about what is pleasant or unpleasant in subjective experience right now, the more important features of emotion disappear. If you can slow down and expand; if you stop running or clinging (沉浸其中) and adopt a sense of curiosity, emotions become more subtle and different. When fear comes up, don’t walk away so that fear dissipates. Instead, stay. Allow yourself to feel the nervousness, the sweating, and everything else that comes along with it. It is one of the hardest things to do in life, but it’s also one of the most rewarding. If you run, you are telling basic parts of your brain, “I guess this threat really was real. I better stay away from it.” You are training yourself to fear, regardless of that situation. If you cling, you are saying, “Escape from this emotion is a threat”, and since it is not a happy experience, happiness slips through your hands like sand. Note that you can not fool yourself. Just allow the full emotion. You will never enter into their secret life until you stop running or clinging. To control your life, you need to actively train your emotions to be your ally (同盟). Observe. Describe. Appreciate. Do that and you may find you have allies for healthy living that were there all along. 1．Why does the author mention “chocolate cake” and “spider” in paragraph 1? A．To explain the complex response of emotions. B．To show the subjective experience of emotions. C．To indicate the goodness and badness of the world. D．To emphasize the significance of emotions in life. 2．What is the consequence if you just focus on your present feelings? A．The present feelings are less obvious. B．The subjective emotions are less powerful. C．The overall picture of emotions is easier to ignore. D．The observation and description of emotions are easier. 3．What does the underlined word “dissipates” in Paragraph 4 probably refer to? A．Deepens. B．Spreads. C．Disappears. D．Sticks. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The secret of emotions. B．The subjective experience. C．The importance of allies in life. D．Magical functions of emotions. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05.思维能力提升策略 策略分析 在英语阅读理解中，超越字面意义，准确捕捉语篇作者、说话人或文中人物的观点、态度和情感，是衡量读者批判性思维能力的重要标尺。这种能力要求读者不再是被动的信息接收者，而是主动的意义建构者。作者的观点态度往往不是直接宣告的，而是通过词汇选择、句式结构、修辞手法、信息布局等手段隐含地表达出来。 掌握观点态度理解策略，不仅能帮助读者更深刻地理解文本内涵，体会作者的写作意图，也是攻克高考、四六级、考研等英语考试中“态度题”、“推断题”和“写作目的题”的关键。本专题将系统介绍六种实用且高效的策略，并结合不同类型的语篇实例进行剖析，旨在提升读者的深度阅读和逻辑思辨能力。 策略操作 策略一：关键词与感情色彩分析法 【策略简述】这是最基础也最直接的方法。作者在表达观点时，会刻意选用带有明显感情色彩的词语，即褒义词、贬义词或中性词。通过识别并分析这些关键词及其感情倾向，读者可以快速定位作者的态度。褒义词表达赞赏、肯定、支持；贬义词表达批评、否定、反对；中性词则力求客观陈述。 【适用语篇】议论文、新闻报道、书评、产品评论等几乎所有带有主观评价性质的语篇。 【阅读语段】 The government's new policy on urban renewal is nothing short of a disaster. Instead of revitalizing the old neighborhoods, it has heartlessly bulldozed them, replacing vibrant communities with soulless steel-and-glass towers. The residents, once proud of their unique heritage, now feel displaced and alienated. We can only lament this shortsighted and destructive approach. 【策略分析】 识别关键词： 在这段话中，作者使用了一系列带有强烈负面感情色彩的词语： disaster (灾难) heartlessly (无情地) soulless (没有灵魂的) displaced (背井离乡的) alienated (疏离的) lament (哀叹) shortsighted (目光短浅的) destructive (破坏性的) 判断态度： 这些词语密集出现，构建了一个极其负面的语境。作者没有直接说“I hate this policy”，但通过这些贬义词，他/她对政府新政策的强烈批判、失望和谴责的态度已经跃然纸上。 策略二：修辞手法与语气推断法 【策略简述】作者常借助修辞手法来委婉或强化地表达自己的态度。常见的如： 反讽: 说反话，字面意思与真实意图相反，常用于表达嘲讽或不满。 比喻/暗喻: 通过A事物来描绘B事物，比喻的选择本身就带有态度（如将某事物比作“天使”或“魔鬼”）。 夸张: 故意放大或缩小事实，以强调某种情感或观点。 反问: 形式上是问句，但答案已包含在问题中，用于加强语气，表达强烈的肯定或否定。 【适用语篇】文学评论、社论、演讲、讽刺性文章等。 实例与分析： 【阅读语段】 Oh, what a brilliant idea it was to build a factory right next to the nature reserve! Now, the birds can enjoy the soothing music of machinery 24/7, and the children have a wonderful new view of smokestacks. Who wouldn't want to trade fresh air for economic progress like this? 【策略分析】 识别修辞： 这段话充满了反讽。 brilliant idea (绝妙的主意)、soothing music (舒缓的音乐)、wonderful new view (美妙的新景色) 这些褒义词被用在了一个明显负面的语境中，形成了强烈的反差。 结尾的反问句 Who wouldn't want to trade...? (谁不想用……来交换呢？) 实际上是在说“没有人会想这样”。 判断态度： 作者的真实态度与字面意思完全相反。他/她通过反讽，对在自然保护区旁建工厂的决定表达了极大的讽刺、愤怒和强烈反对。 策略三：句式结构与语篇节奏把握法 【策略简述】句子的长短、结构类型也能反映作者的情绪和态度。 短句、排比句： 节奏快，语气强烈，常用于表达激动、愤怒、命令或强调观点。 长句、复杂句： 节奏慢，语气平缓，常用于进行细致的描述、严谨的论证或表达复杂、沉思的情感。 感叹句、疑问句： 直接抒发情感，表达惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等。 【适用语篇】记叙文、描写文、演讲稿、广告等。 实例与分析： 【阅读语段】 The storm hit. Waves crashed. Rain fell. The wind howled. Everything was chaos. What power! What fury! Nature, in its rawest form, was simply unstoppable. 【策略分析】 分析句式： 开头连续使用四个极短的句子 The storm hit. Waves crashed. Rain fell. The wind howled.，营造出一种急促、紧张的节奏，仿佛风暴就在眼前。 接着使用感叹句 What power! What fury!，直接抒发了对自然力量的敬畏和惊叹。 最后用一个长句 Nature, in its rawest form, was simply unstoppable. 进行总结和升华，语气从紧张转为一种深沉的敬畏。 判断态度： 通过短句的快节奏和感叹句的强烈语气，作者/叙述者表达了对风暴所代表的自然力量的敬畏、惊叹甚至是一丝恐惧。 策略四：论据选择与信息呈现视角法 【策略简述】在议论文或说明文中，作者为了支持自己的观点，会有选择地呈现论据。分析作者引用了什么、忽略了什么，以及如何呈现这些信息，是洞察其立场和偏见的关键。一个只谈好处不谈坏处的作者，其态度必然是支持的；反之亦然。 【适用语篇】议论文、新闻报道、学术摘要、调查报告等。 实例与分析： 【阅读语段】 Proponents of artificial intelligence in education highlight its numerous benefits. AI-powered platforms can provide personalized learning paths for each student, adapting to their pace and style. Moreover, these systems free up teachers' time from repetitive grading, allowing them to focus on mentoring and creative instruction. Early trials have shown a 15% increase in test scores in participating schools. 【策略分析】 分析论据选择： 这段话完全聚焦于AI在教育中的积极方面。 列举了优点：个性化学习、解放教师、提高成绩。 提供了具体数据：15% increase in test scores。 完全忽略了潜在的弊端，如数据隐私问题、学生社交能力下降、技术鸿沟、算法偏见等。 判断态度： 通过这种“一边倒”的信息呈现方式，作者（或文中的“Proponents”）对AI在教育领域的应用持有非常积极、乐观和支持的态度。这种选择性的呈现本身就是一种强有力的说服手段。 策略五：人物言行与内心独白解读法 【策略简述】在记叙文或小说中，人物的观点态度主要通过其言行和内心独白来展现。分析人物说了什么、做了什么，以及他们在想什么，是理解其性格、动机和立场的关键。尤其要注意人物言行之间的矛盾，这往往揭示了更深层的内心冲突。 【适用语篇】小说、短篇故事、传记、戏剧等。 实例与分析： 【阅读语段】 When Mark saw his colleague, Sarah, receive the promotion he had worked for all year, he forced a smile. "Congratulations, Sarah. You totally deserve it," he said, his voice a little too tight. As he walked back to his desk, he clenched his fists under the table. *'Deserve it?* he thought, *'I stayed late every night while she left at five. The world is so unfair.'* 【策略分析】 分析言行与内心： 言行: Mark表面上说了祝贺的话，甚至用了“totally deserve it”这样肯定的词。这是一种社交面具，试图表现得大度。 内心独白: 他的真实想法在独白中暴露无遗：'I stayed late... The world is so unfair.' 这充满了嫉妒、不公感和自怜。 细节: forced a smile (挤出一个微笑), voice a little too tight (声音有点紧), clenched his fists (攥紧拳头) 这些非语言细节也印证了他内心的愤怒和不甘。 判断态度： 通过言行与内心的巨大反差，我们可以深刻理解Mark对Sarah获得晋升这件事的真实态度是极度嫉妒、愤愤不平，并认为结果不公。 策略六：语篇模式与篇章结构分析法 【策略简述】从宏观的篇章结构入手，分析文章的组织模式，也能推断作者的整体态度和写作目的。常见的语篇模式有： 问题-解决模式: 如果文章大量篇幅用于描述问题的严重性，作者态度可能是担忧、警示；如果重点在解决方案，则态度更偏向积极、建设性。 因果分析模式: 作者在分析原因时，是归咎于个人还是社会？这反映了其立场。 比较-对比模式: 作者在比较时，其天平明显倾向哪一方？通过措辞和篇幅分配可以看出。 【适用语篇】说明文、议论文、社论、研究报告等。 实例与分析： 【阅读语段】 (Para. 1) The phenomenon of "digital amnesia" is becoming increasingly alarming. Young people, relying on smartphones for everything, can no longer recall basic information like phone numbers or directions. (Para. 2) The root cause is an over-reliance on external memory devices. Our brains, like muscles, atrophy when not used. (Para. 3) To combat this, we must initiate a "digital detox" movement in schools. Educators should design assignments that require memory and critical thinking, rather than simple information retrieval. Parents, too, must limit screen time and encourage traditional learning methods. 【策略分析】 分析篇章结构： 这篇文章采用了经典的“问题-原因-解决方案”结构。 问题: 第一段用 alarming (令人担忧的) 描述“数字失忆症”，奠定了忧虑的基调。 原因: 第二段分析了原因，使用了 atrophy (萎缩) 这样的词，继续强化负面认知。 解决方案: 第三段是全文的重点，篇幅最长，用了 must initiate (必须发起), should design (应该设计) 等情态动词，语气非常坚定，充满了行动的呼吁。 判断态度： 从整个结构来看，作者虽然指出了严重的问题，但其重心和落脚点在于“如何解决”。因此，作者的整体态度是深切担忧但积极主动、富有建设性的。他不仅仅是一个批评者，更是一个改革呼吁者。 突破演练 1 Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. As an important note, when we take a Classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice. 1．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness? A．People should offer mercy to others. B．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected. C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity. D．Aggressive people should learn to forgive. 2．What does the example in Paragraph 2 illustrate? A．To forgive is to love. B．To fight is to grow. C．To dominate is to harm. D．To give is to receive. 3．What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness? A．Objective. B．Reserved. C．Favorable. D．Skeptical. 4．What is message of the last paragraph? A．Forgiveness is in our nature. B．Forgiveness grows with time. C．Actuality is based on potentiality. D．It takes practice to forgive. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them. (在一篇关于宽恕心理学的早期论文中，Droll(1984)提出了一个有趣的观点，即人类的本质比宽恕所允许的更具攻击性。那些宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福，而这些人可能会利用他们。)”可知，Droll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，他认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段所举例子上文“Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. (研究人员发现，为了全面成长为人类，我们既需要从别人那里接受爱，也需要向别人提供爱。没有爱，我们与生活中各种各样的人的联系就会破裂。甚至常识也强烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。)”可知，没有爱，我们与他人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动；奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦。“For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony? (例如，奴隶制作为社会和谐的一种模式发挥了多大的作用?)”通过以奴隶社会举例，以反问的方式，来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. (从作为人类的第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和社区的生理和心理完整性方面都起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是减少仇恨，恢复和谐。宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环。至少在某种程度上，与你疏远的人接受你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整。宽恕可以治愈人际关系，重新连接人际关系。)”可知，作者认为原谅在个体和社区生物学和心理学完整性中的关键作用，指出原谅能够减少仇恨、恢复和谐，并且能够打破愤怒的循环。作者还提到原谅可以治愈关系，让人们重新建立联系。这些观点都表明作者对于原谅持有支持的态度。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“As an important note, when we take a Classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice. (值得注意的是，当我们从古典哲学的角度，即亚里士多德的角度来看，我们会看到潜在性和现实性之间的区别。我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长。宽恕的现实性，它在冲突情境中的实际运用，是随着实践而发展的。)”可知，最后一段主要传达了原谅需要实践的信息。作者通过引用古典哲学中关于潜在性和实际性的观点，指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力，而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此，原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。故选D。 2 “Without trust,” writes Rachel Botsman, “society cannot survive, and it certainly cannot thrive." Clearly, we are in trouble. Two-thirds of people surveyed last year in 28 countries expressed low levels of trust in "mainstream institutions" of business, government and media. In “Who Can You Trust?” Botsman, an Oxford lecturer offers a timely and accessible framework for understanding what trust is, how it works, why it matters and how it is evolving. It is an important guidance to the obstacles and opportunities we face as a society if we are to repair and redefine trust. Through human history, trust has evolved in three basic stages: Local trust was enough when people lived in small communities and everybody knew everybody else; industrialization and urbanization required institutional trust so that people could trust complete strangers running governments, corporations, and standards for international trade, commerce and finance. We are now living through a massive global .shift of trust from institutions to individuals: distributed trust facilitated by high-tech platforms, many of which are run by the private sector. This shift is caused by several factors. First, accountability is unequal. Rich, powerful and well-connected individuals have been able to accumulate vast quantities of often undocumented wealth by avoiding tax and anti-bribery laws, while ordinary people are likely to be caught and punished for lawbreaking. Second, people in power are no longer seen to deserve greater respect as the details of their lives are exposed. Botsman does not prescribe how we deal with that. But if the old ways of giving and cancelling trust such as voting, markets and consumer choice are no longer functioning, then we must change or replace them. Systems must be "driven democratically and rationally," become more "transparent, inclusive, and accountable" and, most important, be designed to "put people first," which profit-driven platforms have failed to do sufficiently. Tech executives are responding to the trust crisis mainly with promises of more and better technology. But Batsman warns that the responsibility for ensuring that the robots being used are trustworthy lies with the human beings who design and use them. We have not thought through how we hold those people accountable, let alone their robots. She warns against a natural tendency "to become over-reliant on machines." Ideally machines should be programmed to "understand" their own limitations and even seek human help or intervention. A growing number of people hope that new trust mechanisms can be established through the use of exciting new technologies such as the blockchain（区块链）. In essence, blockchains are digital public ledgers of transactions that cannot be changed, thereby creating greater transparency and accountability and making corruption much harder. However, Botsman warns that the blockchain is no panacea for human trust. Whether blockchain systems lead to more accountable governance and a more just global economy will depend on their design and the intentions of those who build them. There is no app for fixing trust. "Who Can You Trust?" does make a clear case for why it is important for the companies, governments and other institutions to be much more transparent and subject themselves to new mechanisms that can credibly hold them accountable. It is the only way they can hope to earn and maintain trust in the future. 1．Which of the following orders of trust evolution is right? A．institutional trust→ industrialized trust→ individual trust B．urbanized trust→ local trust→ institutional trust C．local trust→ institutional trust→ distributed trust D．local trust→ urbanized trust →individual trust 2．What can we conclude from the passage? A．Profit-driven platforms pay no attention to the importance of people. B．It is the people who design and use technology that count in restoring trust. C．New technologies, such as the blockchain can prevent corruption from happening. D．People should rely on new technologies to create transparency and accountability. 3．What do the underlined words “no panacea" mean? A．not a Herculean task B．a hard nut C．not a cure-all medicine D．a catch -22 4．What's the author's attitude toward the possibility of using technology to restore trust? A．Supportive B．Negative C．Indifferent D．Skeptical 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。去年在28个国家进行的调查显示，三分之二的受访者对企业、政府和媒体等“主流机构”的信任度较低。针对这种现象，牛津大学的一名讲师博茨曼在Who Can You Trust?” 为我们提供了一个及时、易懂的框架，帮助我们理解什么是信任、信任是如何运作的、信任为什么重要以及信任是如何演变的。并说明技术可以帮助人们重建信任，但更强调重建信任的关键是设计和使用技术的人。 1．细节理解题。由第四段“Local trust was enough when people lived in small communities and everybody knew everybody else. We are now living through a massive global shift of trust from institutions to individuals: distributed trust facilitated by high-tech platforms”可知，当人们生活在小社区里，每个人都互相认识时，本地的信任就足够了。我们现在正经历着一场大规模的全球信任，从机构到个人的转变：由高科技平台推动的分布式信任。所以信任进化的顺序是C选项。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。由倒数第四段“But Batsman warns that the responsibility for ensuring that the robots being used are trustworthy lies with the human beings who design and use them”可知，但是Batsman警告说，确保使用的机器人是值得信赖的责任在于设计和使用它们的人类。所以通过Batsman的警告可以推断出，设计和使用技术的人才是重建信任的关键。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。由倒数第二段换线词后的“Whether blockchain systems lead to more accountable governance and a more just global economy will depend on their design and the intentions of those who build them. There is no app for fixing trust”可知，区块链系统是否能带来更负责任的治理和更公正的全球经济，将取决于它们的设计和构建者的意图。没有固定信任的应用程序。所以通过上下文可以判断下划线的单词“no panacea”是“不能包治百病的灵丹妙药”。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。由倒数第四段“But Batsman warns that the responsibility for ensuring that the robots being used are trustworthy lies with the human beings who design and use them”. 但是Batsman警告说，确保使用的机器人是值得信赖的责任在于设计和使用它们的人类。倒数第二段“However, Botsman warns that the blockchain is no panacea for human trus”然而，Botsman警告说，区块链并不是人类信任的灵丹妙药。最后一段“ It is the only way they can hope to earn and maintain trust in the future”这是他们希望在未来赢得并保持信任的唯一途径。所以通过Batsman的警告可以看出，使用技术来重建信任存在着很多弊端和不确定性，而最后一段作者表示出这是他们在未来赢得并保持信任的唯一途径。由此推断出，作者对使用技术来重建信任的可能性持怀疑的态度。故选D项。 3 When I was about 4 years old, I decided to go to Disney World. For most young kids, it’s a normal request, but I had cerebral palsy (脑瘫). Walking into anywhere, let alone a crowded place like Disney World was, to put it lightly, a tall order. Luckily, I had people in my corner to help me. Over the next three years, I worked with physical doctors, acquired a walker, and practiced walking, standing, and balance — all skills that I would need to turn my goal into a reality. I remember the feeling when my legs would protest doing any more work. Despite this, everyone else told me I could do it, so I kept it up. It was all because of people like my parents, brothers, teachers, and doctors that I was able to grow so much, both physically and mentally. Constantly pushing me to “walk on,” yet encouraging me whenever I needed it. On June 9, 2008, as I stood in the tunnel leading into Main Street, my dad asked me if I wanted any help. I instantly replied, “No!” and situated myself facing the end of the tunnel, feet planted firmly, heart most likely beating out of my chest. Then I went, walking ever so slowly at first, then gradually speeding up. Step, step, step, step, bump. Holding fast onto the handlebars, I gathered up all my strength, picked up my walker and straightened out, picking up my pace once again. It wasn’t too long before the cheering increased because I had made it to the end, where my mom was waiting with tears in her eyes and arms open wide ready to hug her son and tell him how proud she was. Looking back on that experience, I realize something pretty thoughtful. Every once in a while, life will throw a few bumps in the road. Though it may set you back for a bit, don’t let it stop you. Pick yourself back up and finish. It’s worth it. Besides, there just might be someone there cheering you on along the way. 1．Which of the following best explains “a tall order” underlined in paragraph 1? A．An easy decision. B．An available action. C．A reasonable order. D．A challenging task. 2．Why does the author say he’s lucky? A．He eventually has his brain disease well cured. B．He constantly gets courage and support from others. C．He is likely to do any kind of work in his later life. D．He is naturally gifted in keeping balance on his own. 3．The author gives a vivid picture of himself in paragraph 3 to______. A．explain he was terrified to take the first step B．describe he took pride in his mother and friends C．show how he managed to walk by himself D．prove how he understood to respect others 4．What can be the best title of the text? A．Where Dreams Come True B．When Bad Fortune Falls C．How I Value Friendship D．Why I Look Back My Life 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者虽然是一个脑瘫患者，但是在很多人的鼓励和支持下，刻苦锻炼，最终能够独立行走，并去了迪斯尼世界。作者也由此认识到不要让生活中的颠簸不平阻止前进的脚步，路上总会有人为你喝彩。 1．词义猜测题。根据划线词组前的but I had cerebral palsy (脑瘫).Walking into anywhere, let alone a crowded place like Disney World was可知，对一个脑瘫患者来说，别说去迪斯尼世界这样拥挤的地方，就连走路去哪都是一个艰巨的任务。由此可知，划线词组意为“有挑战性的任务”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中的Luckily, I had people in my corner to help me.(幸运的是，我身边有人帮助我)及第二、三段内容可知，作者得到了很多人的鼓励和支持，所以他说自己很幸运。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段内容，特别是I had made it to the end可知，本段作者生动地描绘了自己走路是为了证明自己不需要别人的帮忙，也能设法独自行走。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的When I was about 4 years old, I decided to go to Disney World.(当我大约4岁的时候，我决定去迪斯尼乐园)和Over the next three years, I worked with physical doctors, acquired a walker, and practiced walking, standing, and balance — all skills that I would need to turn my goal into a reality. (在接下来的三年里，我和物理医生一起工作，学会了走路，练习走路，站立和平衡——所有这些技能都是我将目标变成现实所需要的)及倒数第二段中的It wasn’t too long before the cheering increased because I had made it to the end, where my mom was waiting with tears in her eyes and arms open wide ready to hug her son and tell him how proud she was.(没过多久，欢呼声响起，因为我坚持到了最后。妈妈热泪盈眶，张开双臂，准备拥抱儿子，告诉他她有多骄傲)可知，本文主要讲述了作者虽然是一个脑瘫患者，但是在很多人的鼓励和支持下，刻苦锻炼，实现在了自己独立行走，最终实现了去迪斯尼世界的梦想。由此可知，故A项Where Dreams Come True(美梦成真)适合做本文最佳标题。故选A。 4 Echoes of a 1997 Harbour Night: A Farewell in Shadowed Times The Victoria Harbour glittered below, its familiar sparkle now a disquieting reminder of all Stanley Cheng was leaving behind. Seated at the rooftop restaurant, the savoury aroma of dai pai dong delicacies mingled oddly with the scent of his leather suitcase. Tomorrow, he would board a flight not for adventure, but for necessity — San Francisco. The imminent handover loomed like a storm cloud, forcing choices that tasted of unspoken compromise. Mei Ling, his confidante since their Kowloon childhood days, raised her teacup. Her smile, usually radiant, seemed strained at the edges. “To your journey, Stanley,” she offered, her voice thick with unvoiced sorrow. “May the Golden Gate shine half as brightly as our harbour tonight.” Stanley clung to her words, a knot of emotions tightening in his throat. Their shared history — surviving typhoons, cramming for exams under flickering neon, dreaming amidst the relentless energy of Nathan Road — felt poignantly fragile now. “Remember Wong Tai Sin last Mid-Autumn?” Mei Ling’s question hung in the air. “We released those lanterns, believing their flight mirrored our futures... boundless.” Stanley nodded, draining his jasmine tea to hide the involuntary tremor in his hand. The optimism of youth felt like a distant echo. “Fate plays discordant tunes, Mei,” he murmured, his gaze fixed on the ferries crisscrossing the dark water. “Leaving feels less like soaring, more like... uprooting.” Later, under the waning crescent moon, Mei Ling’s voice rose in a familiar melody — an old Cantopop ballad about fleeting time and unwavering bonds. Stanley listened, transfixed. Each note carved itself into his memory — the raucous city hum beneath them, the fragile warmth of shared presence, the profound ache of impending separation. This wasn’t mere farewell; it was the dismantling of a world. Why This Night Held the Weight of a Thousand Tomorrows As the final note faded, Mei Ling turned, her eyes reflecting the harbour lights. “Stanley,” she began, her voice laced with quiet intensity, “Time will pass. You’ll hear countless symphonies in concert halls across the ocean. You’ll witness sunsets gilding the Pacific, constellations unknown gracing foreign skies.” She paused, her next words deliberate, heavy. “Yet, I venture to say, no grandeur out there, no matter how dazzling, will eclipse the luminosity of this very hour. For this light,” she gestured around them, “isn’t cast by the moon alone, but by the shared history illuminating our goodbye.” Stanley felt the sting of profound truth. Future marvels would be admired, perhaps enjoyed, but always viewed through the lens of absence. This moment, steeped in shared sacrifice and tinged with regret, held an irreplaceable resonance. Its beauty was inextricably bound to its pain, magnified by the uncertainty of return. A Fragile Pact Against the Tide of Change Descending the Peak Tram for the last time, Mei Ling pressed a worn cassette into Stanley’s palm — recordings of Hong Kong’s soundscape. “When the fog clings stubbornly to those San Francisco hills,” she whispered, her composure finally fraying, “or when the sheer alienness of it all threatens to engulf you... play this. Let the rain sound like our monsoon, the cable car bell like our trams. Summon this night. Remember who we were here.” Stanley vowed solemnly, a lump rendering his voice hoarse. The path ahead promised isolation. When, or if, the stars would align for a reunion remained shrouded in the mists of tomorrow. It was this gnawing ambiguity that lent their final evening its excruciating preciousness. Standing alone later on his hotel balcony, the harbour’s dwindling lights mirroring his receding home, Mei Ling’s conviction resounded within him. No future splendour could wash away the imprint of this farewell — the bittersweet symphony of belonging, loss, and the unyielding spirit of a home carried within. Its perfection lay not in joy, but in the depth of feeling shared under a shared sky, one final time. Home, he realised, was not a place, but a moment — this moment — suspended precariously between a cherished past and an uncharted future. 1．When Mei Ling compares the Golden Gate Bridge to “our harbour tonight,” why does this comparison make the pain stronger? A．She is saying more than she means. B．She uses a part to represent the whole. C．She uses an exaggerated irony. D．She gives an object a human feeling. 2．The cassette’s hidden weight lies in its power to_________. A．compress an entire city’s soundscape into exile’s pocket B．predict the weather in San Francisco C．erase the need for photographs D．replace Cantonese tones with English vowels 3．In calling leaving “uprooting,” Stanley reveals the core conflict between _________. A．personal ambition and filial duty B．fixed place and floating identity C．romance and career D．memory and imagination 4．The waning crescent moon over the harbour silently measures__________. A．the shrinking time before reunion B．the fading light of a collective era C．the exact hour of departure D．the waxing hope of return 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述1997年香港回归前夕，Stanley因局势将赴旧金山，与好友Mei Ling在维多利亚港告别，蕴含着离别之痛与时代变迁下的复杂情感。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“May the Golden Gate shine half as brightly as our harbour tonight.(愿金门大桥的光芒能有我们今晚港湾的一半明亮)”可知，Mei Ling用夸张的对比，暗示旧金山的金门大桥虽有名，但在她心中远不及家乡港湾的光芒，这种略带讽刺的夸张表达，让离别的痛苦因对家乡的珍视而更加强烈。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Mei Ling pressed a worn cassette into Stanley’s palm — recordings of Hong Kong’s soundscape. “When the fog clings stubbornly to those San Francisco hills, or when the sheer alienness of it all threatens to engulf you play this. Let the rain sound like our monsoon, the cable car bell like our trams.(Mei Ling将一盘旧磁带塞进Stanley的手心——里面录着香港的各种声音。“当旧金山的山岗被浓雾久久笼罩，或是当周遭全然的陌生感快要将你吞噬时就听听这个。让那里的雨声听着像我们这里的季风，缆车的铃声听着像我们的电车”)”可知，这盘磁带的隐藏分量在于它能将整个城市的声音压缩进远在异乡的人的口袋，成为连接家乡的情感纽带。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段““Leaving feels less like soaring, more like... uprooting.”(“离开不像是展翅翱翔，更像是……被连根拔起”)”可知，“uprooting”（连根拔起）一词揭示了Stanley内心深处固定的家乡归属感与即将面临的漂泊身份之间的核心冲突。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。结合全文背景（1997 年香港回归前夕）及第六段中的“This wasn’t mere farewell; it was the dismantling of a world.(这不仅仅是告别，更是一个世界的解体。)”可知，港湾上空的峨眉残月悄然丈量着一个集体时代光芒的消逝。故选B项。 5 When Eugenie George heard that her friend passed a financial counseling exam, at first her heart sank. She had failed the same test weeks earlier, and she needed the qualification to advance her career. “My inner child got upset,” recalled Ms. George, a financial writer and educator from Philadelphia. But then, instead of stewing, she called her friend. “I told her I failed and admitted I was jealous,” she said. Ms. George knew that being upfront would calm her envy, and she was surprised, when it shifted her attitude she could share her friend’s happiness, and experience her own, in turn.“I congratulated her and told her she inspired me.” Finding pleasure in another person’s good fortune is what social scientists call freudenfreude, a term(inspired by the German word for joy)that describes the happiness we feel when someone else succeeds, even if it doesn’t directly involve us. “Freudenfreude is like social glue,” said Catherine, a professor of psychology at Ursinus College. “It makes relationships closer and more enjoyable.” Erika Weiz, an empathy researcher and postdoctoral fellow in psychology at Harvard University, said the feeling closely resembles positive empathy— the ability to experience someone else’s positive emotions. A small 2024 study examined positive empathy’s role in daily life and found that it stimulates kind acts, like helping others. Sharing in someone else’s joy can also foster resilience (韧性), improve life satisfaction and help people cooperate during a conflict. However, freudenfreude doesn’t always come easily. In zero- sum situations, your loss might really sting, making freudenfreude feel out of reach. If you were raised in a family that paired winning with self- worth, Dr. Catherine said, you might misread someone else’s victory as a personal shortcoming. And factors like mental health and overall well- being can also affect your ability to participate in someone else’s joy. Still, freudenfreude is worthwhile— and there are ways to encourage the feeling. 1．What does the underlined phrase “being upfront” in Paragraph 1 mean? A．Hiding one’s true feelings. B．Honestly expressing one’s emotions. C．Always escaping from reality. D．Offering practical advice immediately. 2．Which of the following belongs to freudenfreude? A．You felt upset that your best friend lost a match. B．You felt happy that you defeated your opponent. C．You felt delighted that your classmate got a prize. D．You felt glad that you helped those weaker than you. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The benefits of freudenfreude. B．The reasons for freudenfreude. C．The definition of freudenfreude. D．The factors affecting freudenfreude. 4．What might the author continue talking about? A．The importance of sharing others’ success. B．The way to seek more happiness in our life. C．The harm that freudenfreude may bring to us. D．The tips on how to experience freudenfreude. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了“乐他人之幸”这一概念，即当他人成功时，我们也能感受到快乐。心理学家指出这种情感能够增进人际关系，受竞争心态等因素影响可能难以产生，但是值得培养。 1．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“I told her I failed and admitted I was jealous,” she said. Ms. George knew that being upfront would calm her envy(我告诉她我失败了，我承认我很嫉妒，”她说。George女士知道……会平息她的嫉妒心)可知，此处指的是Ms. George直接告诉朋友自己失败了，并且承认自己很嫉妒他人，因此此处表示Ms. George是直截了当地告诉朋友自己嫉妒”，即“坦诚地表达自己的情绪”。B选项“Honestly expressing one’s emotions. (坦诚地表达自己的情感)”与划线词意思相近。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Finding pleasure in another person’s good fortune is what social scientists call freudenfreude(从别人的好运中找到快乐，社会科学家称之为“freudenfreude”)”可知，从别人的好运中找到快乐即为“乐他人之幸”。C选项“You felt delighted that your classmate got a prize.(你很高兴你的同学得奖了)”符合题意。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段的内容，特别是最后一句“Sharing in someone else’s joy can also foster resilience (韧性), improve life satisfaction and help people cooperate during a conflict.(分享别人的快乐也能培养韧性，提高生活满意度，帮助人们在冲突中合作)”可知，本段主要讲述的是“乐他人之幸”的好处。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“Still, freudenfreude is worthwhile— and there are ways to encourage the feeling.(不过，“乐他人之幸”是值得的——有方法可以鼓励这种感觉)”可知，“乐他人之幸”是有方法可以鼓励的，由此推断文章接下来可能会讲述如何体验“乐他人之幸”的具体方法而展开。D项“The tips on how to experience freudenfreude.(关于如何体验“乐他人之幸”的建议)”符合题意。故选D项。 6 Anger is one of the most intense and challenging emotions we experience. It can arise from feelings of injustice, frustration, or perceived threats to our well-being. Whether anger manifests in ourselves or in others, it has the potential to create division, escalate (升级) conflicts, and harm relationships. However, anger does not have to control us. By utilizing compassion — specifically, compassionate reframing — we can transform anger into a deeper understanding and connection. At its core, anger is a reaction to an appraisal — a mental assessment of a situation that threatens something we value. This appraisal determines the intensity: and quality of our emotional response. However, situations themselves do not contain meaning; we assign meaning to them based on our interpretations. When we react in anger, we often view events through a narrow lens, reinforcing negative emotions and rigid perspectives. Reframing is the process of consciously changing our interpretation of an event to reduce negative emotions. Compassionate reframing takes this one step further by integrating compassion — for both ourselves and others — into the way we interpret situations, helping us move away from hostility and resentment toward a mindset of unity and understanding. Compassion has the power to neutralize anger by softening our perspective. It allows us to acknowledge suffering — both our own and that of others — without immediate judgment or retaliation. We can shift our reactions from aggressive to constructive. Consider a common scenario: You are at a restaurant, and the server has not attended to your table for quite some time. A typical reaction might be: “This is ridiculous! We’ve been waiting forever. The service here is terrible!” A compassionate reframe might be: “I don’t like how long this is taking, but I know serving tables is difficult. Maybe they’re short-staffed tonight. At least I can enjoy my time with friends.” Compassionate reframing acknowledges personal discomfort while also extending understanding to the server. It prevents anger from, escalating and creates an opportunity to act with patience and kindness. Rather than reacting defensively or dismissively, we can ask ourselves: What might be causing their anger? How can I respond in a way that acknowledges their emotions without fueling hostility? Anger is an unavoidable part of life, but it does not have to dominate our reactions or relationships. By practicing compassionate reframing, we gain the ability to step back, assess situations with kindness, and respond in ways that promote peace rather than conflict. Whether in personal interactions, professional settings, or moments of frustration with strangers, compassionate reframing offers a powerful tool for transforming anger into understanding. The choice to reframe our perspective not only benefits our emotional well-being but also fosters a world where compassion leads the way in conflict resolution and human connection. 1．Which statement does the author probably agree with on anger? A．Anger should always be contained in social settings. B．Anger’s impact is greater on oneself than on others. C．Compassionate reframing is effective only in specific contexts. D．Anger is a natural response that can be positively channeled. 2．Anger often escalate conflicts due to the fact that ______ . A．people prioritize winning over resolving issues B．fixed interpretations prevent consideration of others C．anger in its nature ruins relationships D．anger is an unavoidable part of life 3．Why is compassionate reframing proposed to conduct according to the passage? A．To reduce negative emotions through a deeper understanding. B．To acknowledge suffering without judgment and development and develop sympathy. C．To rationalize one’s dissatisfaction in challenging situations. D．To minimize the potential of a conflict by controlling emotions. 4．The restaurant scenario illustrates that compassionate reframing can ______ . A．encourage beneficial dialogues instead of confrontation B．decrease the sense of self-awareness during disagreements C．shift focus from personal frustration to others’ circumstances D．validate annoyance as a justified response to the issue 5．The writer’s friend Nathan was driving suddenly another driver cut him off, nearly causing an accident. How shouldn’t he respond? A．He was such an idiot! He could have killed us both! B．I was scared. But maybe he was rushing to a hospital. C．Dangerous! Perhaps he’s a green hand and misjudged the distance. D．I’m grateful I’m safe. Everyone should be careful in the morning rush. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章指出愤怒是常见情绪且会带来负面影响，但可通过富有同情心的重新构建思维方式，将愤怒转化为理解，促进和平解决冲突。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“It can arise from feelings of injustice, frustration, or perceived threats to our well-being.(它可能来自于不公平的感觉、沮丧或对我们幸福的威胁)”和“However, anger does not have to control us. By utilizing compassion — specifically, compassionate reframing — we can transform anger into a deeper understanding and connection.(然而，愤怒不一定非要控制我们。通过运用同情心——具体来说，富有同情心的重新构建思维方式——我们可以将愤怒转化为更深刻的理解和联系)”可知，愤怒是一种自然反应，并且可以被积极地引导。由此可推断，作者可能同意“愤怒是一种可以被积极引导的自然反应”这一观点。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“When we react in anger, we often view events through a narrow lens, reinforcing negative emotions and rigid perspectives.(当我们愤怒地做出反应时，我们常常以狭隘的视角看待事件，强化负面情绪和僵化的观点)”可知，愤怒会强化负面情绪和僵化的观点，让人们以狭隘的视角看待事件，常常会升级冲突，因为这种固定的解读方式使人们无法考虑他人。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Reframing is the process of consciously changing our interpretation of an event to reduce negative emotions. Compassionate reframing takes this one step further by integrating compassion — for both ourselves and others — into the way we interpret situations, helping us move away from hostility and resentment toward a mindset of unity and understanding.(重新构建思维方式是有意识地改变我们对事件的解读以减少负面情绪的过程。富有同情心的重新构建思维方式更进一步，将对自己和他人的同情心融入到我们解读情况的方式中，帮助我们从敌意和怨恨转向团结和理解的心态)”可知，提出富有同情心的重新构建思维方式是为了将对自己和他人的同情心融入到我们解读情况的方式中，通过更深刻的理解来减少负面情绪。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Consider a common scenario: You are at a restaurant, and the server has not attended to your table for quite some time. A typical reaction might be: ‘This is ridiculous! We’ve been waiting forever. The service here is terrible!’ A compassionate reframe might be: ‘I don’t like how long this is taking, but I know serving tables is difficult. Maybe they’re short staffed tonight. At least I can enjoy my time with friends.’(考虑一个常见的场景：你在一家餐馆，服务员很久都没有照顾你的桌子。一个典型的反应可能是：‘这太荒谬了!我们等了好久了。这里的服务太差了!’一个富有同情心的重新构建思维方式可能是：‘我不喜欢等这么久，但我知道服务顾客很困难。也许他们今晚人手不足。至少我可以和朋友们享受时光。’)”可知，餐馆场景说明了富有同情心的重新构建思维方式可以将注意力从个人的沮丧转移到他人的处境上。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。根据第四段“Compassionate reframing acknowledges personal discomfort while also extending understanding to the server. It prevents anger from escalating and creates an opportunity to act with patience and kindness.(富有同情心的重新构建思维方式在承认个人不适的同时，也对他人表示理解。它能防止愤怒升级，并创造一个以耐心和善意行事的机会)”可知，富有同情心的重新构建思维方式能将愤怒转化为理解，避免冲突升级。A选项“He was such an idiot! He could have killed us both!(他真是个白痴!他差点害死我们两个!)”表达的是愤怒和指责，没有运用富有同情心的重新构建思维方式，不利于和平解决问题；而B选项“也许他正赶着去医院”、C选项“可能他是个新手，误判了距离”、D选项“我很感激我安全了。每个人在早高峰都应该小心”都体现了理解和包容。所以不应该像A项那样回应。故选A项。 7 For all the talk of helicopter parents and their snowflake children, most parents I know are more concerned with whether their children’s development would be considered normal by experts than whether they are raising a prodigy (天才). When the teen years arrive, the “Is it normal?” instinct can go into overdrive. Adolescence is marked by many changes, including ones that manifest(显示)physically and, their more challenging counterpart, ones that manifest emotionally. The moods and deep feelings are intense, and make many helicopter parents in a state of extreme panic. But difficult feelings are often not a cause for concern, according to psychologist Lisa Damour in her new book, The Emotional Lives of Teenagers: Raising Connected, Capable, and Compassionate Adolescents. Not only are sadness and worrying healthy and natural parts of being a teenager, but the ability to experience these feelings(without a parent panicking)and to learn how to cope with them is developmentally necessary. There is a lot of commercial marketing around wellness that can give people the impression that they are only mentally healthy or their kids are mentally healthy if they are feeling good, calm or relaxed. This is not an accurate definition of mental health. Mental distress is not only inevitable—it is part of mental health and experiencing it is part of how kids grow and mature. There are many other healthy ways kids regulate emotions besides talking. Listening to mood-matching music is a very adaptive way to regulate as the experience of listening to the music catalyzes the emotion out of them. Teenagers also discharge emotions physically—by going through a run, jumping on a trampoline or banging on drums. Sometimes they will discharge them through creative channels like drawing or making music. As adults, we should not diminish the value of emotional expression that brings relief, even if it doesn’t come in the verbal form to which we are most accustomed. Don’t join in because what we ultimately want is for our teens to become autonomous in dealing with their hard feelings. 1．Why do many helicopter parents feel alarmed in their children’s adolescence? A．They are eager to raise a genius. B．They are concerned about their children’s safety. C．They can’t accept children’s physical changes. D．They are anxious about their children’s mental development. 2．What is a common misunderstanding of mental health? A．It is all about good feelings. B．It means having the ability to handle hardships. C．It contributes to kids’ growing up. D．It refers to a person’s positive qualities. 3．Why does the author discuss kids’ ways to manage emotions in Paragraph 5? A．To confirm bad feelings are sure to be gone. B．To encourage parents to give a helping hand. C．To show kids can tackle hard feelings themselves. D．To clarify the definition of mental health. 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Helicopter Parents: You Can Be More Self- reliant. B．Commercial Marketing: A Magical Trick C．Snowflake Children: You Are Promising D．Hard Feelings: A Sign of Teenagers Mental Health 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。青春期中孩子会经历身心变化，青少年时期的情绪波动和困惑是正常的，而且经历这些情绪并学会应对它们对于他们的成长是必要的。除了交谈之外，青少年还可以通过听音乐、运动、绘画等方式来调节情绪。文章主要从社会心理学的角度叙述了青少年身心健康的含义，告诫“直升机父母”不必过度担心与干涉孩子的健康成长，应该尊重这种情绪表达的价值，因为我们最终希望青少年能够独立处理自己的困难情绪。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When the teen years arrive, the ‘Is it normal?’ instinct can go into overdrive.  Adolescence is marked by many changes, including ones that manifest (显示) physically and, their more challenging counterpart, ones that manifest emotionally. The moods and deep feelings are intense, and make many helicopter parents in a state of extreme panic.  (当青少年到来时，‘这正常吗？’的本能可能会超速。青春期的特点是许多变化，包括身体上的变化，以及更具挑战性的情感变化。这种情绪和深刻的感受是强烈的，使许多直升机父母处于极度恐慌的状态)”可推知，“直升机父母”会过分担心青春期的孩子是不是在健康发展，对于孩子身心的变化，父母产生焦虑、恐慌，其根本原因是担心孩子们的心理健康。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“There is a lot of commercial marketing around wellness that can give people the impression that they are only mentally healthy or their kids are mentally healthy if they are feeling good, calm or relaxed. This is not an accurate definition of mental health. (有很多关于健康的商业营销，可以给人们留下这样的印象：只有当他们感觉良好、平静或放松时，他们或他们的孩子才会精神健康。这不是对心理健康的准确定义)”可知，人们受商业营销的影响误以为只有孩子心情愉悦才是心理健康的标志。由此可知，对于心理健康的误解是，健康的心理都是关于心情愉悦的。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“There are many other healthy ways kids regulate emotions besides talking. Listening to mood-matching music is a very adaptive way to regulate as the experience of listening to the music catalyzes the emotion out of them. Teenagers also discharge emotions physically—by going through a run, jumping on a trampoline or banging on drums. Sometimes they will discharge them through creative channels like drawing or making music.(除了谈话，孩子们还有很多其他健康的方式来调节情绪。听符合情绪的音乐是一种适应性很强的调节方式，因为听音乐的经历会催化他们的情绪。青少年还会通过跑步、跳蹦床或敲鼓等方式来发泄情绪。有时他们会通过绘画或制作音乐等创造性渠道来释放这些情绪)”可知，孩子们有很多健康的方式来调节情绪，最后一段中的“As adults, we should not diminish the value of emotional expression that brings relief, even if it doesn’t come in the verbal form to which we are most accustomed. Don’t join in because what we ultimately want is for our teens to become autonomous in dealing with their hard feelings. (作为成年人，我们不应该贬低带来解脱的情感表达的价值，即使它不是我们最习惯的语言形式。不要加入，因为我们最终想要的是让我们的孩子在处理他们的困难情绪时变得自主)”可推出，作者建议父母尊重孩子自己的处理情绪的方式，作者还建议父母不要干涉孩子管理情绪的方式，这样会让孩子变得更独立，这也是父母一直期待的结果。由此可见，第五段是为最后一段做铺垫，旨在让父母相信孩子自己能管理好情绪（ kids can tackle hard feelings themselves）。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，尤其第三段“But difficult feelings are often not a cause for concern, according to psychologist Lisa Damour in her new book. The Emotional Lives of Teenagers: Raising Connected, Capable, and Compassionate Adolescents. Not only are sadness and worrying healthy and natural parts of being a teenager, but the ability to experience these feelings(without a parent panicking)and to learn how to cope with them is developmentally necessary. (但心理学家丽莎·达穆尔在她的新书《青少年的情感生活:培养有联系、有能力、有同情心的青少年》中说，困难的感觉通常不是担心的原因。悲伤和担忧不仅是青少年健康和自然的一部分，而且体验这些感觉（没有父母的恐慌）并学习如何应对它们的能力是发展所必需的)”可知，文章主要介绍了青少年身心健康的标志，以及“直升机父母”对孩子青春期焦虑的关注。故D项“Hard Feelings: A Sign of Teenagers Mental Health (艰难的感受：青少年心理健康的标志)”适合作本文标题。故选D项。 8 What’s more important in determining life success-book smarts or street smarts? This question gets at the heart of an important debate contrasting the relative importance of cognitive(认知的)intelligence (CI) and emotional intelligence (EI). Cognitive intelligence is still recognized as an important element of success, particularly when it comes to academic achievements. People with high cognitive intelligence typically do well in school, often earn more money, and tend to be healthier in general. But today experts recognize that cognitive intelligence is not the only determining factor of life success. Instead, it is part of a complex range of influences-one that includes emotional intelligence. Many companies now provide emotional intelligence training and use emotional intelligence tests as part of the hiring process. Research has found that individuals with strong leadership potential also tend to be more emotionally intelligent, suggesting that high emotional intelligence is an important equality for business leaders and managers. According to a survey of hiring managers, almost 75% of the responders suggested that they valued an employee’s emotional intelligence more than his cognitive intelligence. Now that emotional intelligence is so important, can it be taught or strengthened? According to one meta-analysis that looked at the results of social and emotional learning programmes, the answer to that question is definitely yes. Strategies for teaching emotional intelligence include character education, modeling positive behaviours, encouraging people to think about how others are feeling, and finding ways to be more empathetic(感同身受的)towards others. All in all, life success is a result of many factors. Both cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence play roles in overall success, as well as health, wellness, and happiness. Rather than focusing on which factors have a prior influence, the greatest benefit may lie in learning to improve skills in multiple areas. In addition to strengthening cognitive abilities, such as memory and mental focus, you can also acquire and improve social and emotional skills. 1．What can we know about people with book smarts? A．They can debate with other people. B．They can deal with various situations. C．They can be outstanding in academic research. D．They can be good at gaining real life experience. 2．Why does the author mention the data in Paragraph 3? A．To indicate the strictness of the hiring process. B．To prove the importance of emotional intelligence. C．To explain the result of emotional intelligence tests. D．To show the influence of cognitive intelligence on success. 3．What can be learned concerning emotional intelligence? A．Evaluating how others feel. B．One’s extreme behaviours C．One’s academic performance. D．Controlling others’ emotions. 4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Does book smarts matter? B．Is CI or El more important? C．What counts most in life? D．Mental health or physical health? 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了一个问题，决定人成功的究竟是智商还是情商。最终得出了智商和情商都在人的成功上发挥很重要的作用。但人的成功不仅仅是这两个因素决定的，同时还有很多其他方面的因素。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Cognitive intelligence is still recognized as an important element of success, particularly when it comes to academic achievement.(认知智力仍然被认为是成功的重要因素，尤其是在学术成就方面)”可知，读书聪明的人往往在学术研究方面表现突出。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“According to a survey of hiring managers, almost 75% of the responders suggested that they valued an employee’s emotional intelligence more than his cognitive intelligence.(根据一项对招聘经理的调查，几乎75%的应答者表示，他们更重视员工的情商，而不是他的认知智力)”可以推知，作者在第三段提到数据是为了证明情商的重要性。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Strategies for teaching emotional intelligence include character education, modeling positive behaviors, encouraging people to think about how others are feeling, and finding ways to be more empathetic (共鸣) toward others. (情商包括品格教育、教学策略建模积极行为，鼓励人们去思考别人的感受，和他人产生共鸣)”可知，关于情商我们能学到评估别人的感受。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“What’s more important in determining life success — book smarts or street smarts? (在决定人生成功的过程中，哪一个更重要——书本知识还是街头智慧？)”以及最后一段“Both cognitive intelligence and emotional intelligence play roles in overall success, as well as health, wellness, and happiness. Rather than focusing on which factors have a prior influence, the greatest benefit may lie in learning to improve skills in multiple areas.(认知智力和情商在整体成功，以及卫生、健康和幸福中都发挥着作用。与其关注哪些因素具有优先影响力，学习提高多个领域的技能才是最有益的)”可知，文章一直在讨论情商与智商谁更重要，故选B项。 9 Back in 1964, in his book Games People Play, psychiatrist Eric Berne described a pattern of conversation he called “Why Don’t You — Yes But”, which remains one of the most annoying aspects of everyday social life. The person adopting the strategy is usually a chronic complainer. Something is terrible about their relationship, job, or other situation, and they complain about it endlessly, but find some excuse to dismiss any solution that’s proposed. The reason, of course, is that on some level they don’t want a solution; they want to be validated (认可) in their position that the world is out to get them. If they can “win” the game — dismissing every suggestion until interlocutor (对话者) gives up in annoyance — they get to feel pleasurably righteous (正当的) in their anger and excused from any obligation to change. Part of the trouble here is the so-called responsibility/fault fallacy (谬误). When you’re feeling hard done by — taken for granted by your partner, say, or obliged to work for a stupid boss — it’s easy to become attached to the position that it’s not your job to address the matter, and that doing so would be an admission of fault. But there’s a confusion here. For example, if I were to discover a newborn at my front door, it wouldn’t be my fault, but it most certainly would be my responsibility. There would be choices to make, and no possibility of avoiding them, since trying to ignore the matter would be a choice. The point is that what goes for the baby on the doorstep is true in all cases: even if the other person is 100% in the wrong, there’s nothing to be gained, long-term, from using this as a justification to evade responsibility. Should you find yourself on the receiving end of this kind of complaining, there’s a clever way to shut it down — which is to agree with it. Psychotherapist Lori Gottlieb describes this as “over-validation”. For one thing, you’ll be spared further complaining, since the other person’s motivation was to confirm her beliefs, and now you’re confirming them. But for another, as Gottlieb notes, people confronted with over-validation often hear their complaints afresh and start arguing back. The concept that they’re utterly powerless suddenly seems unrealistic, not to mention rather annoying — so they’re prompted instead to generate ideas about how they might change things. “And then, sometimes, something magical might happen, ” Gotlieb writes. The other person “might realize she’s not as trapped as you are saying she is, or as she feels. ” Avoiding responsibility feels comfortable, but turns out to be a prison; whereas assuming responsibility feels unpleasant, but ends up being freeing. 1．What is the characteristic of a chronic complainer, according to Eric Berne? A．They are angry about their ill treatment and feel bitter towards whoever tries to help. B．They are habitually unhappy and endlessly find fault with people around them. C．They constantly dismiss others’ proposals while taking no responsibility for dealing with the problem. D．They lack the basic skills required for successful conversations with others. 2．What does the author try to illustrate with the example of the newborn on one’s doorstep? A．People tend to think that one should not be held responsible for others’ mistakes. B．It is easy to become attached to the position of overlooking one’s own fault. C．People are often at a loss when confronted with a number of choices. D．A distinction should be drawn between responsibility and fault. 3．What does the author advise people to do to chronic complainers? A．Stop them from going further by agreeing with them. B．Listen to their complaints attentively and sympathetically. C．Ask them to validate their beliefs with further evidence. D．Persuade them to clarify the confusion they caused. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．What is the responsibility/fault fallacy for chronic complainers? B．How can you avoid dangerous traps in everyday social life? C．Who are chronic complainers and how to deal with them? D．Why should we stop being a chronic complainer and assume responsibility? 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了长期抱怨者会不停地抱怨，但是从不负起责任解决问题，他们试图从对话者的恼怒中获得正义感，从而逃避改变的责任，这背后的原因部分在于他们混淆了责任和错误。对待长期抱怨者，我们需要的是同意他们的观点，促使他们自己产生改变的想法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The person adopting the strategy is usually a chronic complainer. Something is terrible about their relationship, job, or other situation, and they complain about it endlessly, but find some excuse to dismiss any solution that’s proposed.(采用这种策略的人通常是一个长期抱怨者。他们的关系、工作或其他情况有些糟糕，他们不停地抱怨，但却找借口拒绝任何提出的解决方案)”可知，长期的抱怨者会一直拒绝他人的解决方案，不停地抱怨却不负责解决问题。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“For example, if I were to discover a newborn at my front door, it wouldn’t be my fault, but it most certainly would be my responsibility.(例如，如果我在家门口发现一个新生儿，这不是我的错，但肯定是我的责任)”和“The point is that what goes for the baby on the doorstep is true in all cases: even if the other person is 100% in the wrong, there’s nothing to be gained, long-term, from using this as a justification to evade responsibility.(问题的关键在于，在所有情况下，门口的婴儿都是真实的：即使另一方100%是错的，从长远来看，以此作为逃避责任的理由是没有任何好处的)”可知，在家门口发现新生儿的例子说明了错误不在自己，但仍需负起责任，不能因为不是自己的错误就逃避负责任。作者举这个例子是为了说明错误和责任之间有明显的区别，不能混为一谈。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Should you find yourself on the receiving end of this kind of complaining, there’s a clever way to shut it down — which is to agree with it.(如果你发现自己是这种抱怨的接受者，有一个聪明的方法可以让它停止——那就是同意它)”可知，面对长期的抱怨者，让他们停止抱怨的方法就是赞同他们。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了长期抱怨者会不停地抱怨，但是从不负起责任解决问题，他们试图从对话者的恼怒中获得正义感，从而逃避改变的责任，这背后的原因部分他们在于混淆了责任和错误。对待长期抱怨者，我们需要的是同意他们的观点，促使他们自己产生改变的想法。由此可知，C项“谁是长期抱怨者？如何处理他们？”符合文章大意，对应了文中对长期抱怨者的描述以及提出的解决方法，适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 10 Is there a single word that motivates us more than “weekend”? It’s like the promise of a sweet holiday following what seems like long-time exhaustion. It’s the spring in our step that gets bouncier with each passing day — until by Friday, we’re practically bumping our heads against the ceiling. The trouble is that the weekend is a rip-off. You think you’re getting 48 hours of unconditional downtime, but reality takes a discount. In fact, it takes most of Sunday. That’s when anxiety comes creeping in and another countdown begins: 12 hours until Monday. Sure, the weekend is free time. But the mounting stress of an incoming Monday can ease any joy you might get from a Sunday evening. That feeling is so common among the Monday-to-Friday crowd that there’s even more than one name for it: the Sunday Scaries, or Sunday Fear Syndrome. Going from a countdown to the weekend to a countdown to Monday can be difficult. Even monster.com — a website that specializes in binding humans to the Monday-to-Friday cycle — admits it’s a problem. In a survey, Monster found that 76% of Americans have “really had” Sunday night blues. For most people, Sunday is no holiday at all. It may all come down to the same problem: We can’t stop thinking about tomorrow. Even worse, we may develop some downright unhealthy coping strategies for that transition from weekends to Monday. Some might resists — staying up late, milking every minute of a fleeting Sunday in the form of mind-numbing distractions. But why should Monday cast such a long and fearful shadow on our lives? Maybe it’s because the counter is reset and the weekend, or happiness, seems at furthest point. If, like most of us, you have a tolerable job, but don’t much like the whole idea of working, there are plenty of ways to make Mondays a little less stressful. Most importantly, don’t leave any unsettled Friday business hanging over the weekend. So, clear the decks and tie up loose ends. 1．What do we know about the weekend in Paragraph 2? A．It is hard-earned. B．It doesn’t bring joy as expected. C．It adds to people’s anxiety and stress. D．It provides good time to relax. 2．Why does the writer mention monster.com in the text? A．To clarify a question. B．To show its popularity. C．To provides an illustration. D．To support his idea. 3．What does the writer think of the way most people spend the weekend? A．Tolerant. B．Conservative. C．Unwise. D．Practical. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Why People Are Stressed Out on Fridays B．Why Monday Takes a Bite out of Sunday C．Why a Countdown to the Weekend Is Difficult D．Why Monday Casts a Fearful Shadow on Our Lives 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了很多人会因为即将到来的周一而充满焦虑，无法好好享受周末，而且这种现象在人群中非常普遍。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“That’s when anxiety comes creeping in and another countdown begins: 12 hours until Monday. Sure, the weekend is free time. But the mounting stress of an incoming Monday can ease any joy you might get from a Sunday evening.（这时，焦虑悄然袭来，另一个倒计时开始了：离周一还有12个小时。当然，周末是自由时间。但是，即将到来的周一带来的压力会让你从周日晚上获得的快乐荡然无余。）”可知，周末并不像预想的那样充满快乐，周天总是笼罩在周一即将到来的焦虑中，会感到充满压力。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Even monster.com — a website that specializes in binding humans to the Monday-to-Friday cycle — admits it’s a problem. In a survey, Monster found that 76% of Americans have “really had” Sunday night blues.（就连monster.com——一个专门将人与周一到周五的周期绑定起来的网站——也承认这是个问题。Monster在一项调查中发现，76%的美国人“真的有”周日夜忧郁。）”可知，虽然Monster是一个绑定人与周一到周五周期的网站，但是也承认周日恐惧症的存在。由此推知，作者提到这个网站是为了佐证前文提到的观点：周日恐惧症普遍存在。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“For most people, Sunday is no holiday at all. It may all come down to the same problem: We can’t stop thinking about tomorrow. Even worse, we may develop some downright unhealthy coping strategies for that transition from weekends to Monday. Some might resists — staying up late, milking every minute of a fleeting Sunday in the form of mind-numbing distractions.（对大多数人来说，星期天根本不是假日。这可能都归结为同一个问题：我们无法停止对明天的思考。更糟糕的是，为了从周末过渡到周一，我们可能会制定一些完全不健康的应对策略。有些人可能会抵制——熬夜，以让大脑麻木的分心形式榨取转瞬即逝的周日的每一分钟。）”可知，大多数人在过周末的时候，充满对周一的焦虑，有的甚至会有不健康的应对方式。由此可知，作者认为这种度过周末的方式并不明智。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了很多人无法好好享受周末这一问题背后的原因，因为他们会因为即将到来的周一而充满焦虑。因此B项“为什么周一会蚕食周日”符合文章大意，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 11 People are looking to make meaning after the global pandemic. And one way that some of us do this is to credit coincidences—the unexpected concurrence (同时发生) of events—with helping to find jobs, friends and spouses, make significant career decisions and relieve pains. Scholars disagree on the cause of coincidences. Some say they are random and due to probability. Others see God or spiritual forces at work. Still others say it’s our subconscious making connections. No matter the cause, people who study coincidences say that paying attention to these moments may help us, especially in times of stress. Studies show that noticing coincidences may help boost both the effectiveness of psychotherapy and mental well-being. Michael Schauch, 42, an investment-portfolio manager in Squamish, British Columbia, who is an avid mountaineer, lost his best friend Brent last year. A few months later, Mr. Schauch climbed a mountain he and Brent often scaled together. At the summit, Mr. Schauch found hundreds of ladybugs. When he climbed a different mountain on the anniversary of Brent’s death, he saw a ladybug as he started up each new section of the rock face. “I knew at once that it was Brent, and that he was still there with me, as if to say: ‘You’ve got this, Mike. Keep going!’” he says. Coincidences can make the world feel like it makes good sense, says David B．Yaden, an assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins University School. Varieties of spiritual experiences show a correlation (关联) between coincidences and an increase in positive emotions，better personal relationships and a greater sense of meaning in life. Coincidences are more likely to happen to certain people. “People who are troubled by distress and searching for signs are more likely to experience coincidences,” says Bemard Beitman, a psychiatrist and a coincidence researcher. If you’d like to enhance your ability to notice coincidences, there are several strategies, says Lisa Miller, a clinical psychologist: Be open to them. Write them down. Talk about them with others. “We really need this deep inner wisdom.” she says. 1．What can we learn about coincidences from paragraph 1? A．They happen as expected. B．They provide guidance or relief. C．They activate subconscious mind. D．They contribute to invisible forces. 2．Why does the author mention Michael Schalch’s story? A．To clarify the cause of coincidences. B．To offer a method of coping with grief. C．To show the comforting effect of coincidences. D．To present a solid friendship between two climbers. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Lucky people tend to be surprised by coincidences. B．Wisdom is to the soul what mental health is to the body. C．Coincidences mean more to our daily lives than the surface. D．The more we cultivate coincidences, the more likely they happen. 4．What is the passage mainly about? A．The meaningful moments in life. B．The hidden power of coincidences. C．The various opinions on coincidences. D．The strategies for noticing coincidences. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了“巧合”这一心理学概念，一起研究认为其对人们和世界起到的巨大作用。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“No matter the cause, people who study coincidences say that paying attention to these moments may help us, especially in times of stress. (不管是什么原因，研究巧合的人都说，关注这些时刻可能会帮助我们，特别是在压力时期。)”可知，关注这些巧合的事情，可能对人们有所帮助，尤其当人们面临压力的时候，可推测这些巧合可能给人们提供指导或者宽慰。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“When he climbed a different mountain on the anniversary of Brent’s death, he saw a ladybug as he started up each new section of the rock face. “I knew at once that it was Brent, and that he was still there with me, as if to say: ‘You’ve got this, Mike. Keep going!’” he says. (当他在布伦特忌日爬上一座不同的山时，每开启一块新的岩石表面，他都看到一只瓢虫。他说：“我一下子就知道是布伦特，他还在那里陪着我，好像在说：‘你有这个，迈克。继续！’”。)”可知，爬山时看到和朋友布伦特之前一起看到过的瓢虫，麦可尔·沙尔奇觉得自己的朋友一直没有离开，还陪在自己身边，这缓解了他的悲伤情绪，因此可推测本文介绍他的故事，是为了呈现这种巧合带来的宽慰人的作用。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句““People who are troubled by distress and searching for signs are more likely to experience coincidences,” says Bemard Beitman, a psychiatrist and a coincidence researcher. (精神病学家和巧合研究者贝玛德·拜特曼说：“那些被痛苦困扰并寻找痛苦征兆的人更有可能经历巧合。”)”可知，专家举例表明，痛苦的人越想找到痛苦的征兆，他就越有可能体验这种巧合，即经历类似的痛苦，故从最后一段可以推测出的是人们越是去培养巧合，这种巧合越可能出现。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“No matter the cause, people who study coincidences say that paying attention to these moments may help us, especially in times of stress. (不管是什么原因，研究巧合的人都说，关注这些时刻可能会帮助我们，特别是在压力时期。)”；第二段第一句“Studies show that noticing coincidences may help boost both the effectiveness of psychotherapy and mental well-being. (研究表明，注意巧合可能有助于提高心理治疗的有效性和心理健康。)”以及第三段第一句“Coincidences can make the world feel like it makes good sense, says David B. Yaden, an assistant professor at the Johns Hopkins University School. (约翰·霍普金斯大学学院助理教授大卫·B·亚登说，巧合会让世界觉得这很有意义。)”可知，本文各段主要讲述了“巧合”对人们和世界的作用，即“巧合”隐藏着巨大的力量。故选B项。 12 Your emotion helps you make sense of the world. At the core of an emotion is a subjective experience of the valence of it — what emotion scientists call “affect” (情感). Generally speaking, affect is what we are most focused on. Do you have chocolate cake in front of you? That’s good! Do you see a spider on the table! That’s bad! Your affective reactions tell you which experiences are desirable, and which aren’t, but the total emotional experience includes all you do and think. You can learn a lot by observing and describing them. You can also learn a lot by appreciating their secret life. The problem is: the affective features of emotions tend to dominate. Our subjective valence of emotion is almost all we can see. When emotions are only about what is pleasant or unpleasant in subjective experience right now, the more important features of emotion disappear. If you can slow down and expand; if you stop running or clinging (沉浸其中) and adopt a sense of curiosity, emotions become more subtle and different. When fear comes up, don’t walk away so that fear dissipates. Instead, stay. Allow yourself to feel the nervousness, the sweating, and everything else that comes along with it. It is one of the hardest things to do in life, but it’s also one of the most rewarding. If you run, you are telling basic parts of your brain, “I guess this threat really was real. I better stay away from it.” You are training yourself to fear, regardless of that situation. If you cling, you are saying, “Escape from this emotion is a threat”, and since it is not a happy experience, happiness slips through your hands like sand. Note that you can not fool yourself. Just allow the full emotion. You will never enter into their secret life until you stop running or clinging. To control your life, you need to actively train your emotions to be your ally (同盟). Observe. Describe. Appreciate. Do that and you may find you have allies for healthy living that were there all along. 1．Why does the author mention “chocolate cake” and “spider” in paragraph 1? A．To explain the complex response of emotions. B．To show the subjective experience of emotions. C．To indicate the goodness and badness of the world. D．To emphasize the significance of emotions in life. 2．What is the consequence if you just focus on your present feelings? A．The present feelings are less obvious. B．The subjective emotions are less powerful. C．The overall picture of emotions is easier to ignore. D．The observation and description of emotions are easier. 3．What does the underlined word “dissipates” in Paragraph 4 probably refer to? A．Deepens. B．Spreads. C．Disappears. D．Sticks. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The secret of emotions. B．The subjective experience. C．The importance of allies in life. D．Magical functions of emotions. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了情感的秘密有哪些，包括情绪情感的核心，以及如何更好控制它们，成为情绪的盟友。 1．推理判断题。由第一段中的“At the core of an emotion is a subjective experience of the valence of it — what emotion scientists call “affect” (情感). Generally speaking, affect is what we are most focused on. Do you have chocolate cake in front of you? That’s good! Do you see a spider on the table! That’s bad! (情绪的核心是对情感价值的主观体验，情感科学家称之为““affect” (情感)”。一般来说，情感是我们最关注的。你面前有巧克力蛋糕吗？太好了！你看见桌子上有蜘蛛吗！太糟糕了！)”可知，情绪的核心是对情感价值的主观体验，后面举例巧克力蛋糕和蜘蛛是为了论述这句话，表现情感的主观体验。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。由第三段中的“Our subjective valence of emotion is almost all we can see. When emotions are only about what is pleasant or unpleasant in subjective experience right now, the more important features of emotion disappear. (我们的主观情感价值几乎是我们所能看到的。当情绪只与当前主观体验中的愉快或不愉快有关时，情绪中更重要的特征就消失了)”可知，如果你只关注你现在的感受，后果是情绪的整体情况更容易被忽视。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。由第四段中的“If you can slow down and expand; if you stop running or clinging (沉浸其中) and adopt a sense of curiosity, emotions become more subtle and different. When fear comes up, don’t walk away so that fear dissipates. (如果你能放慢速度并扩张；如果你停止奔跑或沉浸其中，并采取一种好奇心，情绪就会变得更加微妙和不同。当恐惧出现时，不要走开，以便恐惧dissipates)”可知，如果你停止沉浸其中并且培养好奇心，情感就会变得微妙和不同，说明恐惧也会变化，变得不恐惧，可得出画线词所在句讲当恐惧来临时，不要逃避恐惧，那么恐惧就会消失，dissipates意为“消失（Disappears）”。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。由第二段中的“You can also learn a lot by appreciating their secret life. (通过欣赏情感的秘密生活，你也可以学到很多东西)”和最后一段中的“Just allow the full emotion. You will never enter into their secret life until you stop running or clinging. (只需要充分的情感。你永远不会进入它们的秘密生活，除非你停止奔跑或沉浸其中)”可知，文章主要介绍了情感的秘密有哪些，包括情绪情感的核心，以及如何更好控制它们，成为情绪的盟友，A项“情感的秘密”符合文意。故选A项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $