第1讲 定语从句-核心语法 重难点专项突破 任务单 2026届高考英语一轮复习

高考核心语法·精练 第1讲 定语从句 2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、定语从句基础框架表 此表格梳理定语从句的核心定义、三要素及分类，明确 “先行词 - 关系词 - 从句” 的逻辑关系，是理解定语从句的基础框架。 类别 具体内容 定义 主从复合句中修饰限定名词 / 代词的从句，相当于形容词（又称形容词性从句），需通过关系词连接先行词与从句。 三要素 1. 先行词：被修饰的名词 / 代词，可指人、物、时间、地点或整个主句内容 2. 关系词：分关系代词（that/which/who 等）和关系副词（when/where/why），在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语 3. 从句：依附先行词，结构完整，功能是修饰先行词 分类 1. 限制性：无逗号，是先行词不可缺部分（如 “This is the school where I studied”） 2. 非限制性：有逗号，仅补充说明（如 “He bought a house, whose roof was red”） 3. 分割型：先行词与从句被其他成分隔开（如 “The days are gone when we relied on manual labor”） 注意事项： 1. 逗号是区分限制 / 非限制性从句的关键，不可随意添加或省略； 2. 分割型从句需根据语义找准先行词，避免误判中间成分。 二、关系代词用法表 此表格梳理 6 类核心关系代词的适用场景、句法功能及关键规则，覆盖 “that 与 which 区别”“as 的特殊用法” 等高频考点。 关系代词 先行词 从句中 功能 核心用法规则 who 人 主语、宾语 1. 可与 that 互换； 2. 引导 “Anyone who…”“Those who…” 句型； 3. 不可用于 “介词 + 关系代词” 和非限制性从句 whom 人 宾语（可省） 1. 可与 that 互换或省略； 2. 仅用于 “介词 + whom” 结构； 3. 非限制性从句中不可省 which 物 主语、宾语 1. 限制性从句可与 that 互换； 2. 引导非限制性从句（不可用 that）； 3. 用于 “介词 + which”，可指代主句内容 that 人 / 物 主语、宾语、表语 1. 不可用于非限制性从句； 2. 优先用于：先行词为不定代词、被序数词 / 最高级 /only 修饰、兼指人 + 物； 3. 作宾语可省 whose 人 / 物 定语（表所属） 1. 修饰物时可换 “the + 名词 + of which”； 2. 非限制性从句中不可省 as 人 / 物 主语、宾语 1. 用于 “such…as…”“so…as…”“the same…as…”； 2. 引导非限制性从句表 “正如”，可位于句首 / 中 / 末 注意事项： 1. who 作主语、whom 作宾语，不可混淆； 2. 非限制性从句、“介词 + 关系代词” 结构中，只能用 which，不可用 that； 3. “the same…as…” 表 “同类”，“the same…that…” 表 “同一事物”。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The teacher often tells us stories about the heroes __________ devoted their lives to our country. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：老师经常给我们讲那些为国家奉献一生的英雄的故事。先行词 “the heroes” 指人，空处引导限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语，符合 who/that 的用法，故填 who/that。 2. This is the old library __________ we borrowed many interesting books when we were in primary school. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。句意：这就是我们上小学时借过很多有趣书籍的那个老图书馆。先行词 “the old library” 指地点，空处引导定语从句且在从句中作地点状语，需用 where，故填 where。 3. My classmate showed me the new mobile phone __________ screen is made of a special kind of glass. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：我的同学给我看了他那部屏幕由特殊玻璃制成的新手机。先行词 “the new mobile phone” 指物，空处引导定语从句且在从句中作定语，表 “手机的”，需用 whose，故填 whose。 4. The famous writer will attend the meeting __________ is held to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the magazine. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：那位著名作家将出席为庆祝该杂志创刊 100 周年而举办的会议。先行词 “the meeting” 指物，空处引导限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语，可用 which 或 that，故填 which/that。 5. I still remember the day __________ my parents took me to the science museum for the first time. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。句意：我还记得父母第一次带我去科技馆的那一天。先行词 “the day” 指时间，空处引导定语从句且在从句中作时间状语，需用 when，故填 when。 三、关系副词用法表 此表格梳理 3 类关系副词的适用场景、句法功能及特殊规则，明确 “抽象先行词修饰”“time 的特殊用法” 等难点。 关系副词 先行词类型 从句中功能 核心用法规则 when 时间名词（day/age 等） 时间状语 1. 可换 “介词 + which”； 2. “time” 表 “次数” 用 that，表 “时间” 用 when； 3. 可修饰抽象时间名词（occasion 等） where 地点名词（school/case 等） 地点状语 1. 可换 “介词 + which”； 2. 可修饰抽象地点名词（case/situation 等）； 3. 先行词在从句中作主语 / 宾语时，用 that/which why 原因名词（reason） 原因状语 1. 仅用于 “The reason why…” 句型； 2. reason 在从句中作宾语时，用 that/which； 3. 可换 “for which” 注意事项： 1. 先行词是时间 / 地点名词，但若在从句中作主语 / 宾语，需用关系代词，不可用关系副词； 2. why 仅修饰 reason，不可用于其他原因类名词。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The reason __________ he was late for the important meeting was that his car broke down on the way. 【答案】why 【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。句意：他参加重要会议迟到的原因是他的车在路上抛锚了。先行词 “the reason” 为原因名词，空处引导限制性定语从句且在从句中作原因状语，符合 “The reason why...” 句型，故填 why。 2. We finally arrived at the small town __________ my grandparents had lived for more than fifty years. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。句意：我们最终抵达了我祖父母居住了五十多年的那个小镇。先行词 “the small town” 指地点，空处引导限制性定语从句且在从句中作地点状语，需用 where，故填 where。 3. I can’t forget the year __________ our school won the first prize in the national debate competition. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。句意：我忘不了我们学校在全国辩论赛中获得一等奖的那一年。先行词 “the year” 指时间，空处引导限制性定语从句且在从句中作时间状语，需用 when，故填 when。 4. The situation __________ we need to make a quick decision requires us to stay calm and focused. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句关系副词。句意：我们需要快速做决定的这种情况要求我们保持冷静和专注。先行词 “the situation” 为抽象地点名词，空处引导限制性定语从句且在从句中作地点状语，需用 where，故填 where。 5. The time __________ we spend together on weekends is always full of laughter and joy. 【答案】which/that/ 不填 【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：我们周末一起度过的时光总是充满欢声笑语。先行词 “the time” 虽指时间，但空处引导限制性定语从句且在从句中作 spend 的宾语，需用关系代词 which/that，也可省略，故填 which/that/ 不填。 四、重难点突破表 此表格聚焦 “介词 + 关系代词” 和 “主谓一致” 两大重难点，梳理核心规则与应用场景。 重难点类型 核心规则 关键示例方向 介词 + 关系代词 1. 先行词指人用 whom，指物用 which，不可用 that/who； 2. 介词选择：依先行词搭配、从句谓语搭配、语境逻辑 1. 先行词搭配：the reason for which； 2. 谓语搭配：learn from whom； 3. 语境：without which 主谓一致 1. 先行词作主语，从句谓语单复数与先行词一致； 2. “one of…+ 名词复数” 后从句用复数；“the only one of…+ 名词复数” 后从句用单数 1. Anyone who breaks rules is punished； 2. He is one of the students who have read the book； 3. She is the only one who knows English 注意事项： 1. “介词 + 关系代词” 中，介词不可后置到从句末尾（口语除外）； 2. 区分 “one of…” 与 “the only one of…” 的谓语单复数差异，避免误判。 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构用法【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The professor __________ we learned a lot about modern literature will give a lecture next month. 【答案】from whom 【解析】考查 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构。句意：我们从他那里学到很多现代文学知识的那位教授下个月将做讲座。先行词 “the professor” 指人，结合固定搭配 “learn from sb”，空处需用 “from whom” 引导定语从句，故填 from whom。 2. This is the company __________ my father has worked for over twenty years. 【答案】for which/which/that/ 不填 【解析】考查 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构及省略。句意：这就是我父亲工作了二十多年的公司。先行词 “the company” 指物，若用 “介词 + 关系代词” 则为 “for which”；也可省略介词，用 which/that 引导从句（作 for 的宾语），或直接省略关系代词，故填 for which/which/that/ 不填。 3. The ancient building __________ many precious cultural relics were stolen last year is now under repair. 【答案】from which 【解析】考查 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构。句意：去年有许多珍贵文物被盗的那座古建筑现在正在修缮中。先行词 “the ancient building” 指物，结合语义 “文物从建筑中被盗”，需用 “from which” 引导定语从句，故填 from which。 4. The student __________ the teacher praised in class has made great progress in his studies. 【答案】whom/who/that/ 不填 【解析】考查定语从句关系代词。句意：老师在课堂上表扬过的那个学生在学习上取得了很大进步。先行词 “the student” 指人，空处引导限制性定语从句且在从句中作 praised 的宾语，可用 whom/who/that，也可省略，故填 whom/who/that/ 不填。 5. The magazine __________ we often get useful information about science and technology is very popular among students. 【答案】from which 【解析】考查 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构。句意：我们经常从中获取科技类有用信息的那本杂志在学生中很受欢迎。先行词 “the magazine” 指物，结合固定搭配 “get information from sth”，空处需用 “from which” 引导定语从句，故填 from which。 主谓一致用法【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. He is one of the students who __________ (win) the national scholarship this year. 【答案】have won 【解析】考查定语从句主谓一致。句意：他是今年获得国家奖学金的学生之一。先行词 “the students” 为复数，“one of + 复数名词” 后接定语从句时，从句谓语动词需与复数先行词保持一致，结合 “this year” 可知用现在完成时，故填 have won。 2. She is the only one of the girls who __________ (be) able to speak three foreign languages fluently. 【答案】is 【解析】考查定语从句主谓一致。句意：她是这些女孩中唯一能流利说三种外语的人。先行词 “the only one” 为单数，“the only one of + 复数名词” 后接定语从句时，从句谓语动词需与单数先行词 “the only one” 保持一致，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，故填 is。 3. The books in this bookstore that __________ (relate) to environmental protection sell very well recently. 【答案】relate 【解析】考查定语从句主谓一致。句意：这家书店里与环境保护相关的书最近卖得很好。先行词 “the books” 为复数，空处引导定语从句且谓语动词需与复数先行词保持一致，结合 “recently” 用一般现在时，故填 relate。 4. The team which __________ (consist) of five experienced doctors will be sent to the disaster area tomorrow. 【答案】consists 【解析】考查定语从句主谓一致。句意：由五名经验丰富的医生组成的这支医疗队明天将被派往灾区。先行词 “the team” 为单数集体名词，空处引导定语从句且谓语动词需与单数先行词保持一致，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，故填 consists。 5. The old trees in our community that __________ (plant) thirty years ago still provide shade for residents. 【答案】were planted 【解析】考查定语从句主谓一致及被动语态。句意：我们小区里三十年前种下的那些老树仍然为居民提供树荫。先行词 “the old trees” 为复数，从句谓语动词需与复数先行词保持一致；“trees” 与 “plant” 为被动关系，结合 “thirty years ago” 用一般过去时的被动语态，故填 were planted。 五、易混易错点表 此表格梳理 3 类高频易混易错点，明确区分方法与避坑技巧。 易混类型 区分方法 避坑示例 关系代词 vs 副词 从句缺主语 / 宾语用代词，不缺成分（需作状语）用副词 1. 缺宾语：The days that we spent（用 that）； 2. 作状语：The days when we traveled（用 when） 介词 + 关系代词误用 先行词指人必用 whom，指物必用 which，不可省 错误：The artist to who she donated； 正确：The artist to whom she donated as vs that “such…as…”“so…as…” 引导定语从句（缺成分）；“such…that…”“so…that…” 引导结果状语从句（不缺成分） 1. 缺成分：Such a good book as I like（用 as）； 2. 不缺成分：Such a good book that I like it（用 that） 注意事项： 1. 分析从句成分是区分代词与副词的核心，不可仅凭先行词类型判断； 2. “as” 引导定语从句需搭配特定句型，不可随意替换为 “that”。 一、语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词 1．（2025·江苏南京·一模）The marathon runner maintained his steady pace, conserving his energy, and didn’t make his final push until he reached the last mile of the race, the finish line was within sight. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位马拉松运动员保持着稳定的速度，保存着自己的能量，直到跑到比赛的最后一英里，终点线就在眼前，他才做出最后的冲刺。本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the last mile of the race，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。 2．（25-26高三上·湖北黄冈·阶段练习）It was not just a hike but a journey through time, the past was brought to life the stories of the villagers. 【答案】 where through 【详解】考查定语从句和介词。句意：这不仅仅是一次徒步旅行，而是一次穿越时空的旅程，在那里，过去通过村民们的故事栩栩如生。第一空处“________ the past was brought to life”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词journey，关系词将其代入从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该定语从句；根据句意，第二空处表示“通过村民们的故事”，用介词through构成介词短语作方式状语。故填where；through。 3．（25-26高三上·四川广元·阶段练习）She eventually reached a point she had to make a choice between her career and her family. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她最终到了必须在事业和家庭之间做出选择的地步。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词point在从句中作抽象的地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 4．（25-26高三上·上海·阶段练习） has been described above, it’s a general rule that solids expand as the temperature increases and contract when they are cooled. 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如上文所描述的那样，固体受热膨胀、遇冷收缩是一个普遍规律。分析句子结构可知，空格处需填一个关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句“it’s a general rule that solids expand as the temperature increases and contract when they are cooled”的内容，且从句“has been described above”为被动语态，意为“正如上文所描述的”。符合此用法的关系代词是as，as引导此类从句时可译为“正如、就像”，常置于句首，且首字母需大写。故填As。 5．（24-25高三上·江苏盐城·阶段练习）This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brain. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这表明在他们的大脑中有一种特定的方式来表示数量。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是way，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作方式状语，可用that引导。故填that。 6．（23-24高三上·江苏南通·期末）As we explore the world in greater depth, we may reach a point it is impossible to run an experimental scenario in the real world due to physical, ethical or financial limitations. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：当我们更深入地探索这个世界时，我们可能会到达一个点，由于物理、道德或财务的限制，我们不可能在现实世界中运行一个实验场景。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用关系副词引导，先行词是point，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。 7．（25-26高三上·河南信阳·阶段练习）Zhang has made several trips to Spain since receiving his first Spanish student in 2006, during time he has shared his knowledge with thousands of students of all ages. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：自2006年接待第一位西班牙学生以来，张老师多次前往西班牙，在此期间，他与数千名不同年龄的学生分享了自己的知识。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是2006，作介词during的宾语，应用关系代词which。during which time相当于during the time of those trips。故填which。 8．（24-25高三上·广东佛山·阶段练习）Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame, she has become a scientist work is internationally renowned. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：句意: 尽管屠呦呦对名声不感兴趣，她已成为一位工作享誉国际的科学家。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词scientist，关系词在从句中作定语，scientist和work是所属关系，用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 9．（23-24高三下·广东广州·开学考试）“It’s called a longevity tree in Qiandongnan, implication of hope matches China’s boosting space industry.” she said. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“它在黔东南被称为长寿树，寓意着希望，与中国蓬勃发展的航天工业相匹配。”她说。在定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且implication和先行词a longevity tree构成所属关系，所以应用关系代词whose表示“……的”。故填whose。 10．（22-23高三上·广东梅州·阶段练习）Therefore, performing the lion dance became a custom people could pray for good luck, safety, and happiness. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：因此，表演舞狮成为人们祈求好运、平安和幸福的习俗。分析句子结构和意思可知，　　　　　　　　 people could pray for good luck, safety, and happiness.是定语从句，先行词是custom，是抽象地点名词，在从句中做地点状语，连词用where。故填where。 11．（2023高三上·全国·专题练习）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005- when the government started a soil-testing program   gives specific fertilizer recommendations farmers--and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中国农业部发现，从2005年（当时政府启动了一项土壤测试项目，为农民提供具体的化肥建议。）至2011年间，化肥使用量减少了770万吨。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“soiling-test program”，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。 12．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Many other buildings around the world have also been certified by LEED, of which serves a step in the right direction towards a cleaner future. 【答案】each/any 【详解】考查代词。句意：世界上许多其他的建筑也通过了LEED认证，每一个都是朝着更干净的未来的正确方向迈出的一步。分析句子可知，which代指Many other buildings，为复数，但谓语动词为serves即第三人称单数的形式，故空格处需要填each或any表示“每一个”、“任何一个”，将主语变为单数。故填each或any。 13．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, thousands were attending a water conference. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水务会议。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chicago，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 14．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）In this case, cool evening air is a slightly different temperature than the solar cell in the panel. That becomes energy, is transformed into electricity. 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这就变成了能量，再转化成电能。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为energy，指物，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用which引导，故填which。 15．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）The famous National Stadium or “Bird’s Nest” is the centerpiece of the park, the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics were hosted. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：著名的国家体育馆或者“鸟巢”是公园的中心，在这里举办了2022年北京冬奥会的开幕式和闭幕式。根据句子分析可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为The famous National Stadium or “Bird’s Nest”，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导。故填where。 Passage 1 （2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 1 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 3 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should 5 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 6 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 7 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 8 (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 10 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】 1. to catch 2. treasures 3. what 4. were 5. be done 6. its 7. for 8. completion 9. largest 10. which 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来，即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区，决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏，并为此做出了许多努力。 1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 2. 考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。 3. 考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。 4. 考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 5. 考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 6. 考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 7. 考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。 8. 考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。 9. 考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。 10. 考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 【点睛】 Passage 2 （2025·全国二卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 1 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 2 (center) heating doesn’t exist. Nothing in my life before prepared me 3 this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt 4 learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found 5 (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 6 (be) one of them.      Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 7 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 8 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 9 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 10 (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】 1. where 2. central 3. for 4. and 5. myself 6. is 7. to discover 8. absence 9. afternoons 10. left 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从美国到中国浙江农村生活的经历与感受。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2. 考查形容词。句意同上。本空修饰名词heating，应用形容词central“中央的，中心的”，作定语。故填central。 3. 考查介词。句意：我生命中没有任何事情能让我为这一切做好准备——可以肯定的是，我第一次来到这里时，从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。prepare sb. for...“使某人为……做好准备”，固定搭配。故填for。 4. 考查连词。句意：但令人惊讶的是，你是如何适应并在新环境中学习的。adapt和learn是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 5. 考查反身代词。句意：随着时间的推移，我发现自己在这里有了宾至如归的感觉。本空指代主语I，表示“我自己”，应用反身代词myself。故填myself。 6. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。 8. 考查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。 9. 考查名词的数。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午有很多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。 Passage 3 （2025·山东·一模）阅读下列文章，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Following the success of “Ne Zha 2”, another Chinese animated film “Nobody” has gone viral. Its box office earnings 1 (total)776 million yuan since its debut on August 2, smashing the record for Chinese-made 2D animated films. On Douban, 2 film review platform known for its stringent(严格的)ratings, the animation has scored an 3 (impress) 8.6, edging out “Ne Zha 2” by 0.1 points. “Both films are excellent. The former has grand special effects, while the latter excels in storytelling,” a movie-goer 4 surname is Cao said. 5 (base)on the classic “Journey to the West”, the film doesn’t focus on the Monkey King. Instead, it spotlights monsters that appear in the novel. A group of four low-level yaoguais decide to journey west by dressing up 6 Monk Tang’s team. The journey sees them save villagers from evil yaoguais and be remembered as 7 (hero). “The film puts contemporary themes onto minor yaoguais, 8 (ultimate)crafting a new story,” said producer Chen Liaoyu. Many viewers love 9 (it)sarcastic(讽刺的)take on work culture and focus on minor characters. “The cinema is filled with laughs of kids and adults’ tears,” one Douban comment reads. “As kids, we dreamed of being the Monkey King, only 10 (realize)we’re ordinary yaoguais as adults.” Professor Liang said Chinese creators reinvent traditional stories while honoring original values. 【答案】 1. have totaled/have totalled 2. a 3. impressive 4. whose 5. Based 6. as 7. heroes 8. ultimately 9. its 10. to realize 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了国产动画电影《浪浪山小妖怪》，介绍了其热度、剧情、观众的反馈以及影评人的评价等内容。 1. 考查动词时态。句意：该片自8月2日首映以来，票房总收入已达7.76亿元，打破了国产2D动画电影的票房纪录。空处动词作谓语；由时间状语since its debut on August 2可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态：have/has done，主语是复数，所以此处助动词需用have。故填have totaled或have totalled。 2. 考查冠词。句意：在以评分严格著称的影评平台豆瓣上，这部动画获得了8.6的高分，以0.1分险胜《哪吒2》。修饰名词单数“film review platform”，表示泛指，用不定冠词，作Douban的同位语。故填a。 3. 考查形容词。句意：在以评分严格著称的影评平台豆瓣上，这部动画获得了令人印象深刻的8.6的高分，以0.1分险胜《哪吒2》。空处用形容词修饰“8.6”，意为“令人印象深刻的”。故填impressive。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：“这两部电影都很出色。前者胜在宏大的特效，后者则在叙事上更具优势。”一位曹姓观众如此评价。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词“a movie-goer”和“surname”之间为所有关系，用关系代词“whose”引导。故填whose。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：《浪浪山小妖怪》改编自经典名著《西游记》，但并未将焦点放在孙悟空身上。空处为非谓语动词担当状语；主语“the film”和动词“base”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Based。 6. 考查介词。句意：影片讲述了四名底层小妖，通过伪装成唐僧师徒的模样踏上西行之路的故事。空处为介词形式，意为“作为……”，用介词“as”。故填as。 7. 考查名词的数。句意：在这段旅程中，他们从邪恶妖怪手中救下村民，最终被人们铭记为英雄。空处为名词形式担当宾语；根据句意可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填heroes。 8. 考查副词。句意：“这部电影将当代主题融入小妖的故事中，最终打造出一个全新的故事。”制片人陈廖宇表示。空处为担当本句时间状语用副词形式，意为“最终”。故填ultimately。 9. 考查代词。句意：许多观众喜爱影片对职场文化的讽刺视角，以及对小人物的关注。修饰名词用形容性物主代词，意为“它的”。故填its。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：小时候，我们梦想成为孙悟空，长大后才明白自己只是平凡的小妖。空处为非谓语动词担当结果状语，表示“出乎意料的结果”，用动词不定式形式。故填to realize。 Passage 4 （2025·贵州·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since the start of the summer vacation, many places 1 (hold) cultural events such as “Meet the Intangible Cultural Heritage” and ICH classes. Special items, guqin and Kunqu Opera 2 (include), enriched the holiday. At the China Traditional Culture Museum, Xi’an drum music, 3 originated in the Sui and Tang dynasties, drew visitors with its graceful and ancient melodies. After the performance, teachers led the children in hands-on classes with traditional musical instruments, giving them an insight 4 ancient Chinese music. In Hunan province, the Hunan Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center ran an interactive program, 5 (cover) more than 10 traditional folk crafts, such as paper-cutting and dough figurine making (面人制作). During a pottery (陶艺) class, children tried this ancient craft under the 6 (guide) of skilled masters. At the Zhejiang Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum, young participants 7 (attentive) learned the indigo blue printing and dyeing (靛蓝印花与染色) technique from inheritors. Because each knot was tied in a different way, each piece of work became 8 unique artwork. The museum organized 90 such exhibitions, demonstrations 9 hands-on activities. “Such traditional culture activities give young visitors a chance 10 (experience) the charm of Chinese traditions through immersive participation,” said one of the inheritors. 【答案】 1. have held 2. included 3. which 4. into 5. covering 6. guidance 7. attentively 8. a 9. and 10. to experience 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍暑假期间多地举办非遗相关文化活动，如西安、湖南、浙江等地的活动形式及意义。 1. 考查动词时态。句意：暑假开始以来，多地举办了“遇见非遗”、非遗课堂等文化活动。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“Since the start of the summer vacation”，强调从过去持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时；主语many places为复数，助动词用have。故填have held。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：古琴、昆曲等特色项目丰富了假期生活。此处为非谓语动词，guqin and Kunqu Opera与include为被动关系，用过去分词included作后置定语，表补充说明。故填included。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：在中国传统文化博物馆，起源于隋唐时期的西安鼓乐，以其优美古朴的旋律吸引了游客。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为Xi’an drum music，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 4. 考查介词。句意：演出结束后，老师带领孩子们用传统乐器开展实践课，让他们深入了解中国古代音乐。此处为固定搭配“insight into...”，意为“对……的深入了解”，所以用介词into。故填into。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在湖南省，湖南省非物质文化遗产保护中心开展了一项互动活动，涵盖剪纸、面人制作等10余项传统民间工艺。此处为非谓语动词，an interactive program与cover为主动关系，用现在分词covering作后置定语。故填covering。 6. 考查名词。句意：在陶艺课上，孩子们在技艺精湛的大师指导下尝试了这项古老的工艺。此处作介词under的宾语，用guide的名词形式guidance，意为“指导”，为不可数名词。故填guidance。 7. 考查副词。句意：在浙江省非物质文化遗产博物馆，年轻参与者认真地向传承人学习靛蓝印花与染色技艺。此处修饰动词learned，用attentive的副词形式attentively，意为“认真地”。故填attentively。 8. 考查冠词。句意：因为每个结的系法不同，每一件作品都成为了独一无二的艺术品。artwork为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以此处使用冠词，结合句意，此处泛指“一件独一无二的艺术品”，且unique是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。 9. 考查连词。句意：该博物馆举办了90场此类展览、演示及实践活动。此处连接“exhibitions”、“demonstrations”以及“hands-on activities”三个并列名词，表顺承关系，用连词and。故填and。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一位传承人表示：“这类传统文化活动让年轻游客有机会通过沉浸式参与，感受中国传统的魅力。”此处为固定搭配“a chance to do sth.”，意为“做某事的机会”，用动词不定式to experience作后置定语。故填to experience。 Passage 5 （2025·广西·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We set off from Pai Village to Motuo, arguably the remotest county in China. The mountain path was stony and uneven with lots of sudden turns, testing our 1 (strong) and willpower at every step. Before dusk, we arrived at Lage, a reception station 2 (consist) of a few wooden houses. I could see the thick forest just steps away from our house, 3 a white waterfall hung in the middle of the forest. At midnight, it was 4 freezing cold that I was awakened several times. Over the next few days, we travelled through the jungle, 5 (follow) a cliff-cut path and climbed endless hillsides. Though 6 (push) to our physical and mental limits, we finally reached our destination. Motuo, located in the southern foothills of the Himalayas, is positioned deep within the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon, the world’s 7 (deep) canyon. Water vapor (水蒸气), formed from the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal, floated around the high peaks. Surrounded by clouds and mist, we found 8 (we) in a dreamlike fairyland of towering mountains and deep valleys. Numerous birds sang in the forest while sunshine poured through the mist and woods. Large white lilies blossomed in vast fields. I used to wonder why Motuo keeps drawing groups of returning tourists. When we gazed 9 silence at the landscape, I 10 (gradual) got the answer. 【答案】 1. strength 2. consisting 3. where 4. so 5. followed 6. pushed 7. deepest 8. ourselves 9. in 10. gradually 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一行人从派乡出发前往中国最偏远的县城之一 —— 墨脱的旅行经历。 1. 考查名词。句意：山路崎岖多石，还有很多急转弯，每一步都在考验我们的体力和意志力。空格前有形容词性物主代词our，后与willpower并列，需用strong的名词形式 strength作宾语，表示“体力、力量”。故填strength。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：黄昏前，我们到达了拉格，一个由几间木屋组成的接待站。空格处作后置定语修饰a reception station，consist of“由……组成”只有主动语态，因此用现在分词。故填consisting。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：我能看到离我们住的房子几步之遥的茂密森林，森林中央悬挂着一条白色的瀑布。空格引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the thick forest，从句中缺少地点状语，需用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 4. 考查固定句型。句意：午夜时分，天气冷得刺骨，我被冻醒了好几次。句子符合“so + 形容词 / 副词  + that从句” 的固定句型，表示“如此……以至于……”，此处用so修饰freezing cold，强调寒冷的程度。故填so。 5. 考查时态。句意：在接下来的几天里，我们穿过丛林，沿着一条悬崖峭壁上开凿的小路前行，攀登了数不尽的山坡。空格处与travelled和climbed是并列的谓语动词，陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，follow用过去式followed。故填followed。 6. 考查状语从句的省略。句意：尽管我们的身心都达到了极限，但我们最终到达了目的地。though引导让步状语从句，完整的从句为though we were pushed to our physical and mental limits，当从句的主语和主句主语一致，且从句含be时，可省略从句的主语和be，本句省略we和were，保留过去分词pushed。故填pushed。 7. 考查形容词最高级。句意：墨脱位于喜马拉雅山南麓，深藏于世界上最深的峡谷 —— 雅鲁藏布大峡谷之中。空格前有定冠词 the，结合常识“雅鲁藏布大峡谷是世界最深峡谷”，需用deep的最高级形式deepest。故填deepest。 8. 考查反身代词。句意：被云雾环绕着，我们发现自己置身于一个如梦似幻的仙境，这里有高耸的山脉和深邃的峡谷。空格处作宾语，主语是we，需用反身代词ourselves表示“我们自己”。故填ourselves。 9. 考查固定搭配。句意：当我们静静地凝视着这片景色时，我渐渐找到了答案。in silence是固定短语，表示“默默地、静静地”，符合语境。故填in。 10. 考查副词。句意：当我们静静地凝视着这片景色时，我渐渐找到了答案。空格处修饰动词got，需用gradual的副词形式gradually，表示“逐渐地”。故填gradually。 Passage 6 （2025·广东·二模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 To mark the 60th anniversary (周年) of the Xizang Autonomous Region, a grand drone light show was held beside Tangra Yumco Lake at an altitude of over 4,600 meters, which 1 (know) for its breathtaking scenery and extreme weather. Organized by local authorities, the event 2 (feature) hundreds of drones to form fascinating light images of wild animals, ancient carvings, and patterns from traditional clothing. These designs were 3 (impressive) crafted to demonstrate regional beauty and the spirit of modern innovation. 4 (equip) with high-altitude propellers (推进器) and cold-resistant batteries, the drones flew smoothly through strong winds, low pressure, and 5 (freeze) temperatures that would normally make such a performance nearly possible. With all safety checks finished, the final practice started under the watch of experienced workers, adjusting tools and checking lights to 6 (sure) the show ran well. Wang, who led the team, said the performance proved that technology could support cultural storytelling even 7 the most challenging environments. He further explained that such creative efforts pave the way for future development of tourism in remote areas, 8 new forms of cultural expression can bring lasting value. It was more than a light display — it offered locals 9 deep sense of pride and drew national attention. This event went far beyond entertainment, connecting tradition with the future and bringing fresh energy into rural 10 (grow). 【答案】 1. is known 2. featured 3. impressively 4. Equipped 5. freezing 6. ensure 7. in 8. where 9. a 10. growth 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了在西藏自治区成立60周年之际，在海拔4600多米的当惹雍错湖畔举行的一场无人机灯光秀，该活动不仅展示了区域之美和现代创新精神，还为偏远地区旅游业的未来发展铺平了道路，提供了新的文化表达形式。 1. 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：为纪念西藏自治区成立60周年，一场盛大的无人机灯光秀在海拔4600多米的当惹雍错湖畔举行，该湖以其令人叹为观止的风景和极端天气而闻名。be known for为固定短语，意为“因……而闻名”；分析句子并根据语意可知，空格处作非限制性定语从句的谓语，此处是在陈述事实，应用一般现在时，主语which指代先行词Tangra Yumco Lake，为单数，be动词应用is。故填is known。 2. 考查时态。句意：此次活动由当地政府组织，以数百架无人机组成的野生动物、古代雕刻和传统服饰图案的迷人光影为特色。根据语境可知，此处是在描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语动词feature用过去式，意为“以……为特色”。故填featured。 3. 考查副词。句意：这些设计令人印象深刻，展示了区域之美和现代创新精神。修饰动词crafted，应用impressive的副词形式impressively作状语，意为“令人印象深刻地”。故填impressively。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些无人机配备了高空螺旋桨和耐寒电池，能够在强风、低气压和严寒的环境中平稳飞行，而通常情况下，这样的环境条件会使这种飞行表现几乎无法实现。句中已有谓语动词flew，且空格前无其它连词，所以此处应用equip的非谓语动词形式，因其与逻辑主语drones之间为被动关系，所以应用其过去分词作状语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Equipped。 5. 考查形容词。句意：这些无人机配备了高空螺旋桨和耐寒电池，能够在强风、低气压和严寒的环境中平稳飞行，通常情况下，这样的环境条件会使这种飞行表现几乎可能实现。修饰名词temperatures用形容词freezing，故填freezing。 6. 考查动词。句意：在所有安全检查完成后，最后的演练在经验丰富的工作人员的监督下开始进行，他们调整工具、检查灯光，以确保表演顺利进行。后跟名词show作宾语，应用动词ensure，且为不定式作目的状语。故填ensure。 7. 考查介词。句意：带领该团队的王表示，此次表现证明，即便在最艰难的环境中，技术也能助力文化故事的传播。此处表示在某种环境中，应用介词in。故填in。 8. 考查定语从句。句意：他进一步解释道，此类创新举措为偏远地区的旅游业未来发展铺平了道路，在这些地区，新的文化表现形式能够带来持久的价值。空处引导的为非限制性定语从句，先行词为remote areas，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where来引导。故填where。 9. 考查冠词。句意：这远不止是一场简单的灯光秀——它让当地民众深感自豪，并吸引了全国的关注。a sense of pride 为固定搭配，意为“自豪感”，形容词deep用来修饰sense，且为辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a来限定，表示“一种深深的自豪感”。故填a。 10. 考查名词。句意：这次活动的意义远不止于娱乐本身，它将传统与未来相连接，并为农村的发展注入了新的活力。作介词的宾语，用名词growth。故填growth。 23 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $高考核心语法·精练 第1讲 定语从句 2026年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、定语从句基础框架表 此表格梳理定语从句的核心定义、三要素及分类，明确 “先行词 - 关系词 - 从句” 的逻辑关系，是理解定语从句的基础框架。 类别 具体内容 定义 主从复合句中修饰限定名词 / 代词的从句，相当于形容词（又称形容词性从句），需通过关系词连接先行词与从句。 三要素 1. 先行词：被修饰的名词 / 代词，可指人、物、时间、地点或整个主句内容 2. 关系词：分关系代词（that/which/who 等）和关系副词（when/where/why），在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语 3. 从句：依附先行词，结构完整，功能是修饰先行词 分类 1. 限制性：无逗号，是先行词不可缺部分（如 “This is the school where I studied”） 2. 非限制性：有逗号，仅补充说明（如 “He bought a house, whose roof was red”） 3. 分割型：先行词与从句被其他成分隔开（如 “The days are gone when we relied on manual labor”） 注意事项： 1. 逗号是区分限制 / 非限制性从句的关键，不可随意添加或省略； 2. 分割型从句需根据语义找准先行词，避免误判中间成分。 二、关系代词用法表 此表格梳理 6 类核心关系代词的适用场景、句法功能及关键规则，覆盖 “that 与 which 区别”“as 的特殊用法” 等高频考点。 关系代词 先行词 从句中 功能 核心用法规则 who 人 主语、宾语 1. 可与 that 互换； 2. 引导 “Anyone who…”“Those who…” 句型； 3. 不可用于 “介词 + 关系代词” 和非限制性从句 whom 人 宾语（可省） 1. 可与 that 互换或省略； 2. 仅用于 “介词 + whom” 结构； 3. 非限制性从句中不可省 which 物 主语、宾语 1. 限制性从句可与 that 互换； 2. 引导非限制性从句（不可用 that）； 3. 用于 “介词 + which”，可指代主句内容 that 人 / 物 主语、宾语、表语 1. 不可用于非限制性从句； 2. 优先用于：先行词为不定代词、被序数词 / 最高级 /only 修饰、兼指人 + 物； 3. 作宾语可省 whose 人 / 物 定语（表所属） 1. 修饰物时可换 “the + 名词 + of which”； 2. 非限制性从句中不可省 as 人 / 物 主语、宾语 1. 用于 “such…as…”“so…as…”“the same…as…”； 2. 引导非限制性从句表 “正如”，可位于句首 / 中 / 末 注意事项： 1. who 作主语、whom 作宾语，不可混淆； 2. 非限制性从句、“介词 + 关系代词” 结构中，只能用 which，不可用 that； 3. “the same…as…” 表 “同类”，“the same…that…” 表 “同一事物”。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The teacher often tells us stories about the heroes __________ devoted their lives to our country. 2. This is the old library __________ we borrowed many interesting books when we were in primary school. 3. My classmate showed me the new mobile phone __________ screen is made of a special kind of glass. 4. The famous writer will attend the meeting __________ is held to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the magazine. 5. I still remember the day __________ my parents took me to the science museum for the first time. 三、关系副词用法表 此表格梳理 3 类关系副词的适用场景、句法功能及特殊规则，明确 “抽象先行词修饰”“time 的特殊用法” 等难点。 关系副词 先行词类型 从句中功能 核心用法规则 when 时间名词（day/age 等） 时间状语 1. 可换 “介词 + which”； 2. “time” 表 “次数” 用 that，表 “时间” 用 when； 3. 可修饰抽象时间名词（occasion 等） where 地点名词（school/case 等） 地点状语 1. 可换 “介词 + which”； 2. 可修饰抽象地点名词（case/situation 等）； 3. 先行词在从句中作主语 / 宾语时，用 that/which why 原因名词（reason） 原因状语 1. 仅用于 “The reason why…” 句型； 2. reason 在从句中作宾语时，用 that/which； 3. 可换 “for which” 注意事项： 1. 先行词是时间 / 地点名词，但若在从句中作主语 / 宾语，需用关系代词，不可用关系副词； 2. why 仅修饰 reason，不可用于其他原因类名词。 【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The reason __________ he was late for the important meeting was that his car broke down on the way. 2. We finally arrived at the small town __________ my grandparents had lived for more than fifty years. 3. I can’t forget the year __________ our school won the first prize in the national debate competition. 4. The situation __________ we need to make a quick decision requires us to stay calm and focused. 5. The time __________ we spend together on weekends is always full of laughter and joy. 四、重难点突破表 此表格聚焦 “介词 + 关系代词” 和 “主谓一致” 两大重难点，梳理核心规则与应用场景。 重难点类型 核心规则 关键示例方向 介词 + 关系代词 1. 先行词指人用 whom，指物用 which，不可用 that/who； 2. 介词选择：依先行词搭配、从句谓语搭配、语境逻辑 1. 先行词搭配：the reason for which； 2. 谓语搭配：learn from whom； 3. 语境：without which 主谓一致 1. 先行词作主语，从句谓语单复数与先行词一致； 2. “one of…+ 名词复数” 后从句用复数；“the only one of…+ 名词复数” 后从句用单数 1. Anyone who breaks rules is punished； 2. He is one of the students who have read the book； 3. She is the only one who knows English 注意事项： 1. “介词 + 关系代词” 中，介词不可后置到从句末尾（口语除外）； 2. 区分 “one of…” 与 “the only one of…” 的谓语单复数差异，避免误判。 “介词 + 关系代词” 结构用法【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The professor __________ we learned a lot about modern literature will give a lecture next month. 2. This is the company __________ my father has worked for over twenty years. 3. The ancient building __________ many precious cultural relics were stolen last year is now under repair. 4. The student __________ the teacher praised in class has made great progress in his studies. 5. The magazine __________ we often get useful information about science and technology is very popular among students. 主谓一致用法【对点练习】在空格处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. He is one of the students who __________ (win) the national scholarship this year. 2. She is the only one of the girls who __________ (be) able to speak three foreign languages fluently. 3. The books in this bookstore that __________ (relate) to environmental protection sell very well recently. 4. The team which __________ (consist) of five experienced doctors will be sent to the disaster area tomorrow. 5. The old trees in our community that __________ (plant) thirty years ago still provide shade for residents. 五、易混易错点表 此表格梳理 3 类高频易混易错点，明确区分方法与避坑技巧。 易混类型 区分方法 避坑示例 关系代词 vs 副词 从句缺主语 / 宾语用代词，不缺成分（需作状语）用副词 1. 缺宾语：The days that we spent（用 that）； 2. 作状语：The days when we traveled（用 when） 介词 + 关系代词误用 先行词指人必用 whom，指物必用 which，不可省 错误：The artist to who she donated； 正确：The artist to whom she donated as vs that “such…as…”“so…as…” 引导定语从句（缺成分）；“such…that…”“so…that…” 引导结果状语从句（不缺成分） 1. 缺成分：Such a good book as I like（用 as）； 2. 不缺成分：Such a good book that I like it（用 that） 注意事项： 1. 分析从句成分是区分代词与副词的核心，不可仅凭先行词类型判断； 2. “as” 引导定语从句需搭配特定句型，不可随意替换为 “that”。 一、语法填空：在空格处填入一个适当的单词 1．（2025·江苏南京·一模）The marathon runner maintained his steady pace, conserving his energy, and didn’t make his final push until he reached the last mile of the race, the finish line was within sight. 2．（25-26高三上·湖北黄冈·阶段练习）It was not just a hike but a journey through time, the past was brought to life the stories of the villagers. 3．（25-26高三上·四川广元·阶段练习）She eventually reached a point she had to make a choice between her career and her family. 4．（25-26高三上·上海·阶段练习） has been described above, it’s a general rule that solids expand as the temperature increases and contract when they are cooled. 5．（24-25高三上·江苏盐城·阶段练习）This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brain. 6．（23-24高三上·江苏南通·期末）As we explore the world in greater depth, we may reach a point it is impossible to run an experimental scenario in the real world due to physical, ethical or financial limitations. 7．（25-26高三上·河南信阳·阶段练习）Zhang has made several trips to Spain since receiving his first Spanish student in 2006, during time he has shared his knowledge with thousands of students of all ages. 8．（24-25高三上·广东佛山·阶段练习）Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame, she has become a scientist work is internationally renowned. 9．（23-24高三下·广东广州·开学考试）“It’s called a longevity tree in Qiandongnan, implication of hope matches China’s boosting space industry.” she said. 10．（22-23高三上·广东梅州·阶段练习）Therefore, performing the lion dance became a custom people could pray for good luck, safety, and happiness. 11．（2023高三上·全国·专题练习）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005- when the government started a soil-testing program   gives specific fertilizer recommendations farmers--and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 12．（2022高三·上海·专题练习）Many other buildings around the world have also been certified by LEED, of which serves a step in the right direction towards a cleaner future. 13．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, thousands were attending a water conference. 14．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）In this case, cool evening air is a slightly different temperature than the solar cell in the panel. That becomes energy, is transformed into electricity. 15．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）The famous National Stadium or “Bird’s Nest” is the centerpiece of the park, the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics were hosted. Passage 1 （2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 1 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 3 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should 5 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 6 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 7 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 8 (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 10 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. Passage 2 （2025·全国二卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 1 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 2 (center) heating doesn’t exist. Nothing in my life before prepared me 3 this one-and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt 4 learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found 5 (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 6 (be) one of them.      Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 7 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 8 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 9 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 10 (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. Passage 3 （2025·山东·一模）阅读下列文章，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Following the success of “Ne Zha 2”, another Chinese animated film “Nobody” has gone viral. Its box office earnings 1 (total)776 million yuan since its debut on August 2, smashing the record for Chinese-made 2D animated films. On Douban, 2 film review platform known for its stringent(严格的)ratings, the animation has scored an 3 (impress) 8.6, edging out “Ne Zha 2” by 0.1 points. “Both films are excellent. The former has grand special effects, while the latter excels in storytelling,” a movie-goer 4 surname is Cao said. 5 (base)on the classic “Journey to the West”, the film doesn’t focus on the Monkey King. Instead, it spotlights monsters that appear in the novel. A group of four low-level yaoguais decide to journey west by dressing up 6 Monk Tang’s team. The journey sees them save villagers from evil yaoguais and be remembered as 7 (hero). “The film puts contemporary themes onto minor yaoguais, 8 (ultimate)crafting a new story,” said producer Chen Liaoyu. Many viewers love 9 (it)sarcastic(讽刺的)take on work culture and focus on minor characters. “The cinema is filled with laughs of kids and adults’ tears,” one Douban comment reads. “As kids, we dreamed of being the Monkey King, only 10 (realize)we’re ordinary yaoguais as adults.” Professor Liang said Chinese creators reinvent traditional stories while honoring original values. Passage 4 （2025·贵州·一模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since the start of the summer vacation, many places 1 (hold) cultural events such as “Meet the Intangible Cultural Heritage” and ICH classes. Special items, guqin and Kunqu Opera 2 (include), enriched the holiday. At the China Traditional Culture Museum, Xi’an drum music, 3 originated in the Sui and Tang dynasties, drew visitors with its graceful and ancient melodies. After the performance, teachers led the children in hands-on classes with traditional musical instruments, giving them an insight 4 ancient Chinese music. In Hunan province, the Hunan Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center ran an interactive program, 5 (cover) more than 10 traditional folk crafts, such as paper-cutting and dough figurine making (面人制作). During a pottery (陶艺) class, children tried this ancient craft under the 6 (guide) of skilled masters. At the Zhejiang Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum, young participants 7 (attentive) learned the indigo blue printing and dyeing (靛蓝印花与染色) technique from inheritors. Because each knot was tied in a different way, each piece of work became 8 unique artwork. The museum organized 90 such exhibitions, demonstrations 9 hands-on activities. “Such traditional culture activities give young visitors a chance 10 (experience) the charm of Chinese traditions through immersive participation,” said one of the inheritors. Passage 5 （2025·广西·一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 We set off from Pai Village to Motuo, arguably the remotest county in China. The mountain path was stony and uneven with lots of sudden turns, testing our 1 (strong) and willpower at every step. Before dusk, we arrived at Lage, a reception station 2 (consist) of a few wooden houses. I could see the thick forest just steps away from our house, 3 a white waterfall hung in the middle of the forest. At midnight, it was 4 freezing cold that I was awakened several times. Over the next few days, we travelled through the jungle, 5 (follow) a cliff-cut path and climbed endless hillsides. Though 6 (push) to our physical and mental limits, we finally reached our destination. Motuo, located in the southern foothills of the Himalayas, is positioned deep within the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon, the world’s 7 (deep) canyon. Water vapor (水蒸气), formed from the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal, floated around the high peaks. Surrounded by clouds and mist, we found 8 (we) in a dreamlike fairyland of towering mountains and deep valleys. Numerous birds sang in the forest while sunshine poured through the mist and woods. Large white lilies blossomed in vast fields. I used to wonder why Motuo keeps drawing groups of returning tourists. When we gazed 9 silence at the landscape, I 10 (gradual) got the answer. Passage 6 （2025·广东·二模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 To mark the 60th anniversary (周年) of the Xizang Autonomous Region, a grand drone light show was held beside Tangra Yumco Lake at an altitude of over 4,600 meters, which 1 (know) for its breathtaking scenery and extreme weather. Organized by local authorities, the event 2 (feature) hundreds of drones to form fascinating light images of wild animals, ancient carvings, and patterns from traditional clothing. These designs were 3 (impressive) crafted to demonstrate regional beauty and the spirit of modern innovation. 4 (equip) with high-altitude propellers (推进器) and cold-resistant batteries, the drones flew smoothly through strong winds, low pressure, and 5 (freeze) temperatures that would normally make such a performance nearly possible. With all safety checks finished, the final practice started under the watch of experienced workers, adjusting tools and checking lights to 6 (sure) the show ran well. Wang, who led the team, said the performance proved that technology could support cultural storytelling even 7 the most challenging environments. He further explained that such creative efforts pave the way for future development of tourism in remote areas, 8 new forms of cultural expression can bring lasting value. It was more than a light display — it offered locals 9 deep sense of pride and drew national attention. This event went far beyond entertainment, connecting tradition with the future and bringing fresh energy into rural 10 (grow). 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $