第03讲 定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等三大从句（复习讲义）（上海专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题03 三大从句 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 5 考点一：定语从句（难点） 5 考点二：名词性从句（重点） 15 考点三：状语从句（重点） 24 实战精练与提升 34 考情解读 一、考试要求 定语从句是高考的重点+热点，定语从句的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空和句子翻译中，尤其是非限制性定语从句用法。高频考点有: 1.关系代词(that.which.who.whom.whose,as)和关系副词(where. when. why)的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。 2.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别: 3.介词+关系代词的用法; 4.不定代词/数词+of which/whom 引导的非限制性定语从句: 九种状语从句连接词的正确运用是高考的重点+热点，其次是状语从句的省略(非谓语与状语从句之间的转换):另外注意状语从句和定语从句，名词性从句的区别;状语从句和强调句型的区别。状语从句及并列句的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空，句子翻译中。 名词从句是英语高考常考点之一。在高考中主要考查点有:考查名词从句连接词(特别是what/that/whether 在名词从句中的运用)、it 形式主语句式、it 形式宾语句式、名词从句和定语从句的区别等。名词从句的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空，句子翻译中。 二、命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 定语从句 5 年 5 考 关系代词（which/that/who，区分指物时 which 与 that 的用法）、关系副词（where/when，如 case 后用 where），非限制性定语从句（逗号后用 which） 2026 年侧重语法填空，结合长难句，考查抽象地点名词（situation/condition）后关系词的选择 名词性从句 5 年 4 考 连接词辨析（what 表 “… 的内容”vs that 无意义，whether 表 “是否” vs if），同位语从句（news/fact 后用 that） 2026 年语法填空或翻译中出现，融入科技 / 社会话题，考查连接词的语境逻辑适配 状语从句 5 年 5 考 引导词辨析（while 表对比 / 同时，unless 表 “除非”，as 表 “随着”），从句省略（if/when + 分词，如 if heated） 2026 年侧重语法填空，结合叙事 / 说明类语篇，强化引导词与语境逻辑的匹配 知识梳理 （一）定语从句思维导图 （二）名词性从句思维导图 （三）状语从句思维导图 Part 1 定语从句 解题策略 （01）定位先行词与从句成分 先划出被修饰的名词/代词（先行词），再分析从句中缺少的成分（主语、宾语、状语等）。 例：The museum ___ we visited yesterday was built in 1930. → 先行词museum在从句中作visited的宾语，填that/which或省略。 （02）判断关系词类型 指人用who/whom/that（宾格whom可省）；指物用which/that（可省）；所属关系用whose；时间/地点/原因状语用when/where/why。 上海卷高频陷阱：先行词为case, situation, point, stage等抽象名词时，常填where（表抽象地点）。 例：She has reached a stage ___ she can make her own decisions. → where。 （03）验证主谓一致与特殊结构 主谓一致：关系代词作主语时，从句谓语单复数与先行词一致。 例：The only one of the students who ___ (be) late was Tom. → was（先行词the only one为单数）。 非限定性从句（逗号隔开）：不可用that，指人用who，指物用which。 例：He failed the exam, ___ made his parents angry. → which。 · 考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时 先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 先行词既有人又有物时 只用which的 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况 关系代词as和which 的区别 as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. · 考点二：关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? · 考点三：非限制性定语从句 1. 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去 掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。 e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。） 2. which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。 e. g. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages，which surprises all the people present. (一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。） 3. 在非限制性定语从句中，还可把all, some，most, none或both加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 e. g. He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (他深深地爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。） · 考点四：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。 2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 （2025·上海徐汇·二模） Researchers at Nottingham Trent University made a game for horses 1 they had to touch a piece of card with their noses to get a treat. They made it progressively harder, and discovered that the horses all changed their strategies in the most difficult stage 2 (ensure) they would continue getting treats. （2025·上海浦东新·二模） In today’s digital world 10 most communication is electronic, writing heartfelt thank-you notes enhances emotional intelligence and strengthens relationships. It makes your workplace or home better. （2025·上海嘉定·二模） Their leader, Robert E. Peary, captured the historic moment in photographs as his team proudly held up their flags. Among them was Matthew Henson, an experienced explorer 1 skills had been vital to their success. （2025·上海闵行·二模） It’s a program created and run by Boston University, 3 high school students:● Learn from award-winning, working journalists — including two who 4 (share) Pulitzer Prizes for their reporting. （2025·上海静安·二模） McCarthy 6 interviews can now be found everywhere online claims that crunning is a more complete workout because it includes the upper body as well. ‌“It really works your legs and shoulders at the same time,” he said, 7 (add) that the sport burned more calories as well. （2025·上海宝山·二模） The tool makes use of what are known as “visual patches (补丁)”, building blocks of data 3 help the AI to understand how everything in the scene should interact and progress, frame by frame. （2025·上海杨浦·二模） In addition to his love for abstract art, Pininski also had another reason 6 accounted for his motivation to build such a unique subway entrance. （2025·上海崇明·二模） A music video 7 goes along with the song shows the baby hippo bouncing around, playing with her keeper, or spending time with her mother, Jona. （2025·上海黄浦·二模） Avoidance can allow the intensity of a negative experience 3 (decrease). It can also provide distance 4 helps us see the experience from a broader perspective. （2025·上海奉贤·二模） She seeks out places with undisturbed darkness, far from towns and cities, 4 she can see the Milky Way. It was literally in the middle of a desert: there was an abandoned village with broken houses. （2025·上海松江·二模） According to the professor of the University of Milan, Dr Francesco Luciano, 2 led the study, the main message should be that brief moments of physical activity, such as getting to your feet to make a cup of tea, can make a surprisingly large difference to 3 ________ calories you burn. （2025·上海青浦·二模） Remember, you bring your own knowledge and experience to the table. If advice conflicts with your better judgment, trust yourself to make the call. Research shows that people feel more, not less, guilty when they follow advice 10 they know is wrong and a bad outcome occurs. （2025·上海金山·二模） According to him, the comedy matches modern online trends. Comedians often talk about current social issues in short and direct ways, 5 fits well with the fast-paced, short videos people enjoy online. （2025·上海长宁·二模） Then, in 2018, the Nottingham Playhouse Theatre Company created a stage show that was motivated by both the book and the Hollywood film. Now, that show, 2 was a huge success when it first came out, is coming back to the stage and will be going on a tour across England. （2025·上海普陀·二模） Using data collected by TwinsUK, the most detailed and extensive twin study ever 1 (carry) out, the team compared the genetic heritability of two types of trait — how strongly a person feels connected to nature, and the amount of time 2 they spend in nature — in more than 1,000 sets of twins. （2024年宝山区二模） Ghost fishing is what abandoned fishing tool does. It still catches fish, but no one benefits. Trapped fish die and attract scavengers (清道夫)____23____ also get caught, creating a vicious cycle. （2024年崇明区二模） The group of 16 dancers, originating from the Chaoshan region in South China’s Guangdong province, ___23___ the art form originated, offered a sensory cultural feast (盛宴) to the people of the United Kingdom. （2024年虹口区二模） The same goes for concerts, movie theaters and other places ____22____ people routinely ignore filming restrictions. A new patent from Apple may block that rule-breaking feature—on phones at least. （2024年黄浦区二模） If you do walk and use your device at the same time, stop when you’re around stairs, crosswalks and messy or uneven ground, ____30____ accidents are more likely to occur. （2024年嘉定区二模） I struggled to the door and tried to pull it open, but the force of the water wouldn’t let me do so. I looked around and grabbed a broom _____27_____was floating behind me. （2024年静安区二模） The composer, Hamish Oliver, ___6___ used the baroque tradition as a starting point and drew inspiration from composers such as Corelli, Bach, and Schnittke, wanted the piece to be playful by including sounds from a chicken’s world. （2024年闵行区二模） But like all performances, there are moments ___27___ things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily, I was able to catch them and put them back.” Part 2 名词从句 解题策略 01.先定位：看空格前后是否出现“it 作形式主/宾语”“抽象名词（fact, idea, news 等）＋从句”或动词/形容词/介词后缺宾语/主语。 02.判成分：若从句缺主语/宾语/表语 → 选 what/whatever；不缺成分再看是否表“是否”→ whether；其余多数填 that。 03.查语序：把所填词后内容还原成陈述语序，若倒装立即改正。 04.秒排除：介词后、同位语从句、表语从句不用 if；抽象名词后同位语从句绝不省 that。 【名词性句知识梳理】 种类 作用 例句 关联词 宾语 从句 在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之后。 He asked me which team could win the game. We hope （that ）you will enjoy your trip. Tell me why you don’t like school. I don’t know whose pronunciation is the best. 连接词 that/whether as if/ as though; 连接代词 what/ which who/whose whatever whoever whomever whichever; 连接副词 Where/when why/how wherever whenever 表语 从句 在复合句中做表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后。 It looks as if it is going to snow. New York is no longer what it was ten years ago. The book is where you left it. The problem is when he came here. 主语 从句 在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之前；也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后。 Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter much. Whoever comes here will be welcome. It is not yet decided who will do that job. That she was chosen made us very happy. 同位语从句 放在名词之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等) 表明其具体内容。 The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us. Do you have any suggestion where we get cheaper secondhand car? You have no idea how worried we are. · 考点一：宾语从句 1．宾语从句的引导词 连接词 that，whether，if 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分 连接代词 what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语 She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn't. 她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。 Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。 易错警示 (1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。 (2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。 2．形式宾语 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。 (1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句 (2)动词hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句 (3)短语动词see to/ depend on/rely on＋it＋从句 (4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋从句 No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。 3．宾语从句的时态 一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。 · 考点二：表语从句 1．表语从句的引导词 连接词 that，whether 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分 连接代词 what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语 The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended. 对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。 This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up. 这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。 易错警示 if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。 2．as if/as though引导表语从句 as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。 The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。 3．其他常考的表语从句 (1)This/ That/ It is why＋表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是……的原因” (2)This/ That/ It is because＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……” (3)The reason why...is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……” From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water. 从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。 · 考点三：主语从句 1．主语从句的引导词 连接词 that，whether，if 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分 连接代词 what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语 Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps. 你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会对我们有所帮助。 How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。 Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it. 李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。 The limits of a person's intelligence，generally speaking，are fixed at birth，but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. 通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。 易错警示 (1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。 (2)当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，而不用if。 2．形式主语 it作形式主语的常见句型： (1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句 (2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句 (3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句 (4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等)＋that从句 It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it. 尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。 It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. 在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。 易错警示 当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或whether引导均可，但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后接or not时，只能用whether。 · 考点四：同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词：advice，conclusion，doubt，fact，hope，idea，news，promise，question，suggestion，thought，truth，wish，word等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that，whether，how，where，when，why等。 The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do. 经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。 易错警示 that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。 （2025·上海浦东新·二模） They concluded that expressive writing might be an effective tool to address negative emotions and 2 writing about a past failure could improve learning. （2025·上海嘉定·二模） Despite 7 they endured, they kept pushing forward. Their food was simple but packed with energy: pemmican, a dense mixture of dried meat, animal fat, and berries. （2025·上海闵行·二模） ● Newsroom provides time for students to apply 8 they learn in the classroom to hands-on journalism assignments. Over the rest of their day, students conduct interviews and gather information. （2025·上海虹口·二模） What struck me deeply was 3 English surrounded me once more, a persistent reflection of the familiarity I didn’t realize I’d grown tired of. （2025·上海静安·二模） People wonder 5 crunning is as beneficial a fitness activity as jogging or running. （2025·上海宝山·二模） But if the technology can appear suddenly from the strange spaghetti video to 8 it is now in a year, these limitations probably won't last long. （2025·上海杨浦·二模） If you have the chance to travel to Frankfurt, it’s worth making a stop at the Bockenheimer Warte subway station just to see its unique entryway. 1 has a vivid imagination might be convinced of the existence of powerful supervillains (超级反派). （2025·上海崇明·二模） During that time, the hippo has received widespread attention on social media. Fans of the animal have expressed 3 they enjoy watching the pink-cheeked baby actively interact with her mother and other zoo workers. （2025·上海黄浦·二模） How can you figure out whether to avoid or to face up to your feelings? Dr. Kross, an emotion researcher, suggested asking yourself, “Is 5 I’m doing making me feel better about the problem in front of me? （2025·上海奉贤·二模） “Part of the 2,334 square kilometer reserve’s commitment to the preservation of the night sky involves careful lighting design, such as ensuring 8 , if possible, lights are equipped with shades to minimize light pollution. （2025·上海松江·二模） According to the professor of the University of Milan, Dr Francesco Luciano, 2 led the study, the main message should be that brief moments of physical activity, such as getting to your feet to make a cup of tea, can make a surprisingly large difference to 3 _______ calories you burn. （2025·上海青浦·二模） Understanding 2 we fall for bad advice is the first step in resisting it. （2025·上海金山·二模） Wang Xuebin, a professor at the Party School of the CPC, explains 4 stand-up comedy is so popular in China. （2025·上海普陀·二模） “We were truly surprised by 5 we uncovered,” said study co-author Prof Richard Fuller of the University of Queensland. （2024年杨浦区二模） ____10____ air pollution was the muse for one of modern history’s greatest artists might be true. （2024年长宁区二模） This has raised some interesting questions about the modern family system. While it is true that parents should not be too lenient with children by letting them do ___6___ they want, or too over-protective by sheltering them from the realities of life, it is also true that they should not be too strict. （2024年徐汇区二模） He remembers____29____ when he wanted to take a bath, he had to heat the water up with firewood and then transport the water in a bucket to the bathtub. （2024年松江区二模） ___2___ this trend suggests is that people’s shift to remote work contributes to the slow rebound of the senior housing market. That is, remote work is keeping many older Part 3 状语从句 解题策略 01. 看逻辑：先判“时间-条件-让步-目的-结果”从句类别，用中文句意秒定从句类型。 02. 定连词： • 时间/条件：when/while/until/if/unless/once • 让步：though/although/even if/while(=although) • 目的/结果：so that(目的) / so…that(结果) 03.查省略与倒装：若空格后为“形容词/名词/动词-ing/-ed + as/though”结构，必为倒装让步；主从主语一致且含 be 时可省主语+be。 【状语从句知识梳理】 九种状语从句梳理（时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、方式、让步、比较） 种类 连接词 注意点 时间 状语 when, whenever, while, as, before, after,not.. until, till, every time; each time;by the time, as soon as, once（一旦） hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than, （一....就...） the moment/the minute/ immediately/directly/instantly 主句表示将来意义时，从句须用一般现在时；while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的；until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的，而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的。 地点 状语 where, wherever 原因 状语 because, as, since, now that（既然） because语气最强，since较弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as又次之。 条件 状语 if, unless, once, as(so) long as,（只要） on condition that（只要）, provided (that)suppose / supposing（假设） 从句中动词时态不可用将来时，常用一般时代替 目的 状语 so that, in order that, for fear that（以免），in case（万一）, lest唯恐 so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情态动词 结果 状语 so that, so…that, such…that so + 形容词或副词+ that such + 名词+ that 比较 状语 than, (just) as; as…as, not so/as…as, the more…the more 方式 状语 as if/as though（好像）, as as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。 让步 状语 though, although, even if/even though（即使） , as, whether… or（无论...还是...）while（尽管） whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, however, no matter+ what/ who/ how/ when as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和though可和yet/still连用，但不可和but连用；如果主句用一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 · 考点一、时间状语从句 1．when，while和as引导的时间状语从句 when 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生 while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 as 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……” While some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure. 尽管有些人被成功的渴望所激励，但也有一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。 As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for. 随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。 2．表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句 (1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy. 我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。 (2)在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。 I had hardly got to the office，when my wife phoned me to go back home at once. 我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我回家。 3．before，since引导的时间状语从句 (1) before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式：It will be/was＋一段时间＋before...过了……时间才……；It won't be/wasn't＋一段时间＋before...没过多久就……。 We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it. 在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。 If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one. 如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。 (2)since意为“自从……以来”，常用句式：It is/ has been＋一段时间＋since从句(常用过去时)。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 As is reported，it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded. 正如所报道的，清华大学自建立以来已有一百多年了。 4．till/until引导的时间状语从句 until/till用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首，而till不能。 If you don't understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out. 如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。 She didn't start the lesson until the pupils settled down. 等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。 5．every time，each time，next time，the first time，by the time等引导的时间状语从句 By the time you have finished this book，your meal will get cold. 等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。 · 考点二、让步状语从句 1．although，though，as和while引导的让步状语从句 (1)though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装；as引导的从句必须用倒装语序： 表语/状语/动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他，若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。 (2)though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。 (3)while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。 Although these measures are not effective forever，they are vital for now. 虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。 2．even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句 even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。 (湖南高考)Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise. 蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。 3．“疑问词＋­ever”引导的让步状语从句 wherever，(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋­ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。 It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。 However/No matter how hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. 不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。 4．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句 whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。 All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. 所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。 · 考点三、其他状语从句 状语从句 连词 条件状语从句 if，unless(＝if...not)，so/as long as(只要)，on condition that，in case(万一)，suppose/supposing，provided/providing 原因状语从句 because，as，since，now that，considering that (考虑到，鉴于) 目的状语从句 so that，in order that，in case (以防) 结果状语从句 so that，so...that...，such...that... 地点状语从句 where，wherever 方式状语从句 as(正如，正像)，as if/as though(好像) 比较状语从句 than，as...as...，not as/so...as... Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. 正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句子也能改变一段文字的意思。 He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture. 他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些他能够拍成好照片的东西。 易错警示 as if/as though引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时，从句通常用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，用过去时；与过去情况相反时，用过去完成时；与将来情况相反时，用would/could/might＋动词原形。 （2025·上海徐汇·二模） In the second stage, a “stop light” was introduced, and the rule was changed so that the reward was only given 4 they touched the card when the light was off. （2025·上海浦东新·二模） “Over 10 years, it amounted to more than 30,000 notes, 8 we had only 20,000 employees. Wherever I’d go in the world, you’d find my handwritten notes 9 (display) on employees’ bulletin boards(公告栏).” 2025·上海嘉定·二模） 8 it did little to satisfy true hunger, it did keep them alive. Their days were long and exhausting. Yet they refused to stop. 2025·上海闵行·二模） Or hoping to explore a world-class city with new friends this summer? 2 so, check out the Boston University Summer Journalism Academy. （2025·上海虹口·二模） Then came the noise. 4 I had gotten used to the peacefulness, New York felt like a mixture of loud unpleasant sounds. （2025·上海静安·二模） 10 McCarthy has said about the sport, I do see broken noses, wrist injuries, and shoulder problems arising from crunning. ” （2025·上海宝山·二模） Little did they know that a year later text-to-video AI would be creating videos so realistic 1 they would blur (模糊) the line between the digital and the real. （2025·上海崇明·二模） Moo Deng is now four months old. Officials estimated the baby hippo has brought in about 3,000 to 5,000 visitors a day on average 8 it became popular online. （2025·上海黄浦·二模） How can you figure out whether to avoid or to face up to your feelings? Dr. Kross, an emotion researcher, suggested asking yourself, “Is 5 I’m doing making me feel better about the problem in front of me? Is this issue still a concern 6 I take some time away from it?” （2025·上海奉贤·二模） It was literally in the middle of a desert: there was an abandoned village with broken houses. 5 the atmosphere was frightening and filled with an unsettling stillness, the sky was stunningly beautiful. （2025·上海松江·二模） While breaking long walks into short intervals might not be practical in terms of length covered, Luciano emphasized that 10 possible, people should take a few steps to break up sitting time. （2025·上海青浦·二模） Research shows that people are more likely to follow advice when it comes from someone they perceive as an expert, 4 _______the advice isn’t consistent with their own judgment. （2025·上海金山·二模） Stand-up comedy, originating in the United States, has gained global appeal, including in China. 1 the first Chinese stand-up comedy club was set up in Shenzhen in 2009, this form of entertainment was relatively unknown to most Chinese audiences. （2025·上海长宁·二模） 6 Yelnats is told that this is to “build character”, he soon unearths a mystery buried deep beneath the ground. Sachar’s story of hardship 7 (inspire) book readers and film audiences for years. （2025·上海普陀·二模） Previous studies have shown that, 8 people are raised and live in an urban or rural environment, it influences how strongly they want to be among nature or seek out outdoor experiences. （2024年闵行区二模） ___28___ most page-turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage. （2024年松江区二模） Moreover, they find remote work arrangements are decreasing in some parts of the country, ____10____ employees there have seen their lowered productivity while working from home. （2024年徐汇区二模） ____27____ his friends return to France, they know they need to bring him some crystal salt from a natural salt pond in France. The black pepper he uses comes from Madagascar. （2024年杨浦区二模） The landscapes in his paintings often have a misty appearance, ____4____ ________ fog is clouding edges, and concealing objects that are far away. （2024年崇明区二模） ___25___ the lions were awakened, they performed a lively flying dance. （2024年嘉定区二模） As I was drifting off to sleep, I suddenly heard the sound of rushing water, _____21_____ ________I were lying beside a waterfall instead of in my bedroom. 实战 训练 · 单句语法填空（注意定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句运用） 1．The Internet has now become the first place the majority of people turn to for information. (用适当的词填空) 2．Occasions are quite rare I have the time to have a formal dinner with my kids. (用适当的词填空) 3．TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a social media platform short videos can be edited and uploaded easily. 4．The teacher didn’t know the reason she was late for school. (用适当的词填空) 5．The talented composer and singer showed us around his studio he composed the song Forever Young. (用适当的词填空) 6．He had strong determination and perseverance in the competition, made him successful. (用适当的词填空) 7．The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. 8．We have offered him the position, but I don’t have the slightest idea he will accept it. （用适当的词填空） 9．The question occurred to me we should go to get the car repaired. We were in the middle of the forest at that time. （用适当的词填空） 10．The question should do the work is being discussed at the meeting. (用适当的词填空) 11．I have no idea the boy is doing in the next room now. (用适当的词填空) 12．Ten percent of life is what happens to you and ninety percent is you respond to it. (用适当的词填空) 13．The most obvious advantage of online learning is you can study anywhere and anytime. (用适当的词填空) 14．Jane attends Opportunities Academy, a program for young adults with disabilities. This was they learned about how to care about others. (用适当的词填空) 15．The problem is method we should adopt to solve this complex problem. (用适当的词填空) 16．She got up late this morning and that was she missed the first bus. (用适当的词填空) 17．As the city expands, dozens of modern buildings have been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago. 18．I hate it the weather becomes freezing cold because there is no heater inside. (用适当的词填空) 19．The official made it clear he would do everything possible to solve the problem. (用适当的词填空) 20．How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. (用适当的词填空) 21．It never occurred to her that she was faced with the same stage they had been faced with tackling the health crisis. (用适当的词填空) 22．His so-called adequate reason he had been ill for a week was revealed by us yesterday, made him ashamed. (用适当的词填空) 23．Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. (用适当的词填空) 24．Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything comes into sight is so new to me. (用适当的词填空) 25．This city, history can date back to 2000 years ago, has become a modern city where you can experience both the new and the old. (用适当的词填空) 26．Xi’ an is the former capital of many dynasties, accounts for its historical significance. (用适当的词填空) 27．The organization aims to help those suffer from great losses in the pandemic(疫情). (用适当的词填空) 28．In terms of environmental impact, grapes are produced in heated houses release more carbon dioxide. (用适当的词填空) 29．The palace is named after its designer is widely recognized for his innovative ideas about architecture. (用适当的词填空) 30．My grandpa, is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about the good old days. (用适当的词填空) 31．In 1961 the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. (用适当的词填空) 32．Does tourism, some people suggest, have impact on the traditional values of local population? (用适当的词填空) 33．The house, roof was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. (用适当的词填空) 34．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. (用适当的词填空) 35．The scene in the Hollywood movie, global warming could turn the global climate into a new ice age, may never occur. (用适当的词填空) 36．Today’s college is appropriate as a setting for a society, its members must acquire and manage knowledge from a wide variety of sources．(用适当的词填空) 37．Teachers should create an environment children are taught how to solve problems of learning by themselves. (用适当的词填空) 38．The film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that small village. (用适当的词填空) 39．The little boy wouldn’t leave the shop he bought what he wanted. (用适当的词填空) 40．However, the most amazing thing happened. the reality of the crisis sank in, it brought out the best in us. (用适当的词填空) 41．He hurried out of the room the meeting was over. 42．Someone called me up at midnight, but they hung up I could answer the phone. （用适当的词填空） 43．What impresses me most is that he appears in front of others, he wears a sincere and charming smile.（用适当的词填空） 44．I wish my house would be built we can enjoy beautiful scenery with mountains and rivers. (用适当的词填空) 45．He thinks that students have signed up for minor subjects they have the energy and time to do so. (用适当的词填空) 46． we've set our mind on the goal, we must go through with the task.（用适当的词填空） 47．In addition, improvement of teachers' professional development cannot be over emphasized technology will never replace a knowledgeable teacher. (用适当的词填空) 48．Leave your key with a neighbor you lock yourself out one day. (用适当的词填空) 49．We’d better leave a message at the information desk somebody should come and visit us. (根据句意填空) 50．He had his camera ready    he saw something that would make a good picture. （用适当的词填空） 51．Strasser said Lowell got in through the back door, which he kept open at night so that Bonnie   get into the backyard. (用适当的词填空) 52．They chose to live in the suburbs they will not be disturbed by the heavy traffic and the serious air pollution. (用适当的词填空) 53．As we can see, developing a good habit is so important I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habit—keep a learning diary every day. （用适当的词填空） 54． loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him. (用适当的词填空) 55．We were in an anxious rush when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.（用适当的词填空） 56．Our math teacher set such a hard test problem none of us could work out the other day. （用适当的词填空） 57．You cannot make progress you work harder. （用适当的词填空） 58．You will certainly succeed you keep on trying. (用适当的词填空) 59．Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, they hunt them for food. （用适当的词填空） 60． the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover. (用适当的词填空) 61．Our parents will be pleased with our performance we try our best. (用适当的词填空) 62． everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. （用适当的词填空） 63．You have to let us struggle for ourselves, we must die in the process. (用适当的词填空) 64． the diet isn’t specifically designed for weight loss, many studies have demonstrated that some fish meat could lead to weight loss. (用适当的词填空) 65． wealthy he was, he never forgot his humble beginnings and was always ready to help others. (用适当的词填空) 66．But those numbers, impressive they seem, may be beside the point. (用适当的词填空) 67．Much the golden ball cactus prefers the sun, it tolerates temperatures of below zero degrees centigrade. (用适当的词填空) 68． reasons may be behind it, people’s attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years. (用适当的词填空) 69． it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. (用适当的词填空) 70．Furthermore, talented the speaker is, a talk without enough preparation is usually a failure. （用适当的词填空） 71．He told his supporters not to ease up he’s leading in the presidential race. （用适当的单词填空） 72． life gives us, just accept it happily and feel grateful from the bottom of our heart.（用适当的单词填空） 73． online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.（用单词适当形式填空） 74．The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as she were their own mother. (用适当的词填空) 75． the name suggests, study hard and you will get good results. (用适当的词填空) 76． a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. (用适当的词填空) 77．As far as we all can see, the boy walked in as he had bought the whole school. (用适当的词填空) 78．It is estimated in the UK alone, people eat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 cuisines from 60, 000 restaurants. (用适当的词填空) 79．A story goes he rushed out of the room without saying a word. (用适当的词填空) 80． the two trains crashed into each other still remains unknown, but the police say that it could be due to the heavy snow. （用适当的词填空） 二、句子翻译 1．年轻人喜欢逛完博物馆后选购特色文创产品，无论是自用还是送人都很合适。（which） （汉译英） 2．那位致力于保护濒危动物的专家在退休后举办了许多公益讲座，其主题都是关于人与自然和谐共存的重要性。（whose）（汉译英） 3．这对新婚夫妻购置了一套价值一千万的别墅，这大大消耗了他们的积蓄。(drain) (汉译英) 4．园艺使人们得以侍弄花草，通过与大自然的接触得到美的享受，能修身养性。(which) (汉译英) 5．老人外出就餐，家门口是否有社区食堂? (where) （汉译英） 6．在经过重新装修之后，这个曾经老旧的工厂摇身一变成了聚集各种时髦餐厅的“网红打卡点”。 (spot) (汉译英) 7．此次云南之行，虽行程匆匆，却游历了诸多胜地，访了旧友也交了新知，共话教育新篇章。（whom）(汉译英) 8．这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。 （what）（汉译英） 9．众所周知，陶渊明是中国古代一位杰出和有影响力的诗人，他写了一百三十余首诗。（acknowledge）（汉译英） 10．你不可能在楼下食品杂货店买到草药和手帕。(possibility）(汉译英) 11．有证据表明，定期锻炼对于提升专注度和记忆力有着积极的影响.(There) （汉译英） 12．这位年迈的物理学家背井离乡数十载，如今重返故里，惊觉当年手植的小树已亭亭如盖。 (strike) (汉译英) 13．针对出游高峰期交通堵塞中司机可能半路上打瞌睡的问题，现已推出无人机唤醒服务。(introduce) (汉译英) 14．这个博物馆的奇妙之处在于将乡村的变迁，时光的痕迹，童年的回忆，融合到一个固定的空间里。 (what)（汉译英） 15．最让我担心的是这孩子除了在线游戏之外，似乎对周围的一切都视而不见。(concern) 16．春日阳光和煦，人们不禁想要出去走走。( so... that ) （汉译英） 17．这部经典作品经过无数学者的修订才流传至今，如今虽没有从前那样广泛传阅，但仍是承载传统文化的重要载体。(as…as）(汉译英) 18．这条运河历经数百年才修建而成，如今虽无昔日繁荣之景，但仍然是横跨东西的重要水路。（as...as）（汉译英） 19．无论遇到什么困难，他都保持开朗乐观，相信黑暗中总有一线光明。(汉译英) 20．尽管加速通过黄灯能省点时间，但这种行为很可能引发严重的交通事故。(While)(汉译英) 21．虽然这部经典老片在1998年首映，但当它本月重新上映时，依然在影迷中引起了极大的反响。(release) (汉译英) 22．这位知名作家推荐的书广受追捧，现已售罄。（so）（汉译英） 23．他如此全神贯注于那本引人入胜的小说，以至于没有注意到妈妈已经走进房间。(汉译英) . 24．他的古画修复水平如此之高，使得那幅尘封已久的画作重现光彩。（such）（汉译英） 25．就像那个小册子介绍的那样，这里的司机有礼让行人的习惯。（as) (汉译英) 26．她认为通过不断学习新技能，就能够应对工作中的复杂任务，从而更好地实现职业发展。（attain）（汉译英） 27．家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(for fear) （汉译英） 28．申请材料需要精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确地了解。 （in order that）（汉译英） 29．如果你用更短的时间对客户的需求了如指掌，你将有更大的可能成功申请到销售经理的职位。（likely）（汉译英） 30．不必焦虑，包粽子虽看似复杂，其实只要依循步骤操作，便能轻松掌握这一传统手艺。(craft)(汉译英) 三、真题演练 2022年秋考 This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry specific materials Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use to enhance a firm. 2022年春考 The light is called the aurora. Usually you can see it only at the very north of the earth,(23)_______it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. 2021年秋考 Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 people had become seriously ill.. 2021年春考 Otherwise, you'll need to find a local studio(25)______ can be expensive. 2020年秋考 This would be impossible (28)___without_____ clocks and watches, (29)________ are all around us: on walls, on our wrists, on our PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPod's. 2020年春考 The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and the two brothers were tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) _________ (23) they were challenged to a ball game. 2019年秋考 Orissa is the home three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species (23)threatened (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, (24) __________ around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world’s largest nesting sites. 2019年春考 So ambition and the timely realization (21) ________ he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. 2018年秋考 Sometimes, the parents (28 )_________complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. 2018年春考 The rooms (30) ______ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. 2022年秋考 An entrepreneur can determine (26) __________ other businesses in the area are doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. 2022年春考 People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora , and they can never be sure ( 29)_______it will happen .But (30) _______________do see it say that they will never forget it. 2021年春考 This will allow you to see(29)________genres（类型）work for your group. 2020年春考 The story also supports the idea (30) _________ the ball game was sometimes used for the purposes of divination. 2018年春考 I have seen (25) ______ vigorously they grow without me. 2018年秋考 What we can say is that this is (23 )_______the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it's not just one pattern. 2021年春考 (22)_______ talented you've been in music it's still not easy to organize a band, but here's a quick guide to get you started: 2020年秋考 One of the earliest-known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used throughout the world today, 15,000 years (21)________ it was first invented. 2020年春考 (21)_________ it is more than just a game, the event could have a religious significance and featured in episodes of Mesoamerican mythology. 2019年春考 In April of 1997, Jason went back to Rule Gallery with his new work. (29) ________ scared to death, he looked confident at the gallery meeting. 2018年秋考 Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids (30 )_________ __________it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it. 2018年春考 (24) ______ ______ I have those hours back, I can focus on my own needs. 2017年秋考 Scientists think that animals companionship is beneficial 25__________ animals are accepting and attentive, and they don’t criticize or give orders. 36 / 36 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 三大从句 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 5 考点一：定语从句（难点） 5 考点二：名词性从句（重点） 15 考点三：状语从句（重点） 24 实战精练与提升 34 考情解读 一、考试要求 定语从句是高考的重点+热点，定语从句的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空和句子翻译中，尤其是非限制性定语从句用法。高频考点有: 1.关系代词(that.which.who.whom.whose,as)和关系副词(where. when. why)的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。 2.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别: 3.介词+关系代词的用法; 4.不定代词/数词+of which/whom 引导的非限制性定语从句: 九种状语从句连接词的正确运用是高考的重点+热点，其次是状语从句的省略(非谓语与状语从句之间的转换):另外注意状语从句和定语从句，名词性从句的区别;状语从句和强调句型的区别。状语从句及并列句的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空，句子翻译中。 名词从句是英语高考常考点之一。在高考中主要考查点有:考查名词从句连接词(特别是what/that/whether 在名词从句中的运用)、it 形式主语句式、it 形式宾语句式、名词从句和定语从句的区别等。名词从句的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空，句子翻译中。 二、命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 定语从句 5 年 5 考 关系代词（which/that/who，区分指物时 which 与 that 的用法）、关系副词（where/when，如 case 后用 where），非限制性定语从句（逗号后用 which） 2026 年侧重语法填空，结合长难句，考查抽象地点名词（situation/condition）后关系词的选择 名词性从句 5 年 4 考 连接词辨析（what 表 “… 的内容”vs that 无意义，whether 表 “是否” vs if），同位语从句（news/fact 后用 that） 2026 年语法填空或翻译中出现，融入科技 / 社会话题，考查连接词的语境逻辑适配 状语从句 5 年 5 考 引导词辨析（while 表对比 / 同时，unless 表 “除非”，as 表 “随着”），从句省略（if/when + 分词，如 if heated） 2026 年侧重语法填空，结合叙事 / 说明类语篇，强化引导词与语境逻辑的匹配 知识梳理 （一）定语从句思维导图 （二）名词性从句思维导图 （三）状语从句思维导图 Part 1 定语从句 解题策略 （01）定位先行词与从句成分 先划出被修饰的名词/代词（先行词），再分析从句中缺少的成分（主语、宾语、状语等）。 例：The museum ___ we visited yesterday was built in 1930. → 先行词museum在从句中作visited的宾语，填that/which或省略。 （02）判断关系词类型 指人用who/whom/that（宾格whom可省）；指物用which/that（可省）；所属关系用whose；时间/地点/原因状语用when/where/why。 上海卷高频陷阱：先行词为case, situation, point, stage等抽象名词时，常填where（表抽象地点）。 例：She has reached a stage ___ she can make her own decisions. → where。 （03）验证主谓一致与特殊结构 主谓一致：关系代词作主语时，从句谓语单复数与先行词一致。 例：The only one of the students who ___ (be) late was Tom. → was（先行词the only one为单数）。 非限定性从句（逗号隔开）：不可用that，指人用who，指物用which。 例：He failed the exam, ___ made his parents angry. → which。 · 考点一：关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时 先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 先行词既有人又有物时 只用which的 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况 关系代词as和which 的区别 as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. China Today attracts a worldwide readership，which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. · 考点二：关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? · 考点三：非限制性定语从句 1. 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去 掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。 e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。） 2. which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。 e. g. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages，which surprises all the people present. (一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。） 3. 在非限制性定语从句中，还可把all, some，most, none或both加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 e. g. He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (他深深地爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。） · 考点四：“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。 2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 （2025·上海徐汇·二模） Researchers at Nottingham Trent University made a game for horses 1 they had to touch a piece of card with their noses to get a treat. They made it progressively harder, and discovered that the horses all changed their strategies in the most difficult stage 2 (ensure) they would continue getting treats. 【答案】1．where 1．考查定语从句。句意：诺丁汉特伦特大学的研究人员为马设计了一个游戏，在这个游戏中它们必须用鼻子触碰一张卡片才能得到食物奖励。“a game for horses” 是先行词，设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词。从句 “they had to touch a piece of card with their noses to get a treat” 结构完整，缺少表示地点的状语，即 “在这个游戏里”，where 在定语从句中作地点状语，符合语境。故填 where。 （2025·上海浦东新·二模） In today’s digital world 10 most communication is electronic, writing heartfelt thank-you notes enhances emotional intelligence and strengthens relationships. It makes your workplace or home better. 【答案】 10．where 10．考查定语从句。句意：在当今大多数交流都是电子形式的数字世界里，写衷心的感谢信能提高情商并加强人际关系。修饰先行词 “digital world”，在从句中作地点状语，表示 “在这个数字世界里”。用关系副词where。故填 where。 （2025·上海嘉定·二模） Their leader, Robert E. Peary, captured the historic moment in photographs as his team proudly held up their flags. Among them was Matthew Henson, an experienced explorer 1 skills had been vital to their success. 【答案】1．whose 1．考查定语从句。句意：在他们当中有 Matthew Henson，一位经验丰富的探险家，他的技能对他们的成功至关重要。“ 1 skills had been vital to their success” 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 “Matthew Henson”，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰 “skills”，表示 “他的技能”，所以用关系代词 “whose”。故填 whose。 （2025·上海闵行·二模） It’s a program created and run by Boston University, 3 high school students:● Learn from award-winning, working journalists — including two who 4 (share) Pulitzer Prizes for their reporting. 【答案】3．where 3．考查定语从句。句意：这是一个由波士顿大学为高中生创建和运营的项目。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词a program，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 （2025·上海静安·二模） McCarthy 6 interviews can now be found everywhere online claims that crunning is a more complete workout because it includes the upper body as well. ‌“It really works your legs and shoulders at the same time,” he said, 7 (add) that the sport burned more calories as well. 【答案】 6．whose 6．考查定语从句。句意：现在在网上随处都能找到麦卡锡接受采访的内容，他声称爬跑是更全面的锻炼，因为它也锻炼到了上半身。“____ interviews can now be found everywhere online”是定语从句，修饰先行词McCarthy，关系词将其代入从句中作定语，修饰interviews，用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故填whose。 （2025·上海宝山·二模） The tool makes use of what are known as “visual patches (补丁)”, building blocks of data 3 help the AI to understand how everything in the scene should interact and progress, frame by frame. 【答案】3．that/which 3．考查定语从句。句意：该工具利用了所谓的“视觉补丁”，这些是数据的基本构建模块，能够帮助人工智能逐帧理解场景中所有元素之间的相互作用以及如何发展。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词blocks of data进行限定说明，从句中缺少主语，所以应该用关系代词that或which代替先行词在从句中作主语。故填that/which。 （2025·上海杨浦·二模） In addition to his love for abstract art, Pininski also had another reason 6 accounted for his motivation to build such a unique subway entrance. 【答案】 6．that/which 6．考查定语从句。句意：除了对抽象艺术的热爱之外，Pininski打造这样一个独特的地铁站入口还有另外一个原因。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为reason，指物，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 （2025·上海崇明·二模） A music video 7 goes along with the song shows the baby hippo bouncing around, playing with her keeper, or spending time with her mother, Jona. 【答案】7．that/which 7．考查定语从句。句意：与这首歌配套的音乐视频展示了小河马蹦蹦跳跳、与饲养员玩耍或与妈妈Jona相处的温馨画面。空处引导定语从句，先行词A music video，指物，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 （2025·上海黄浦·二模） Avoidance can allow the intensity of a negative experience 3 (decrease). It can also provide distance 4 helps us see the experience from a broader perspective. 【答案】 4．that/which 4．考查定语从句。句意：它还可以提供距离，帮助我们从更广阔的角度看待经历。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词distance是距离，因此空格处用关系代词that/which，故填that/which。 （2025·上海奉贤·二模） She seeks out places with undisturbed darkness, far from towns and cities, 4 she can see the Milky Way. It was literally in the middle of a desert: there was an abandoned village with broken houses. 【答案】 4．where 4．考查定语从句。句意：她寻找远离城镇、黑暗不受干扰的地方，在那里她可以看到银河。此处非限制性定语从句修饰先行词places，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 （2025·上海松江·二模） According to the professor of the University of Milan, Dr Francesco Luciano, 2 led the study, the main message should be that brief moments of physical activity, such as getting to your feet to make a cup of tea, can make a surprisingly large difference to 3 ________ calories you burn. 【答案】 2．who 2．考查定语从句。句意：这项研究的负责人、米兰大学教授弗朗西斯科·卢西亚诺博士表示，主要的信息应该是，短暂的体育活动，比如站起来泡杯茶，会对你燃烧的卡路里数量产生惊人的巨大影响。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词Dr Francesco Luciano指人，且从句中缺少主语，因此使用关系代词who在从句中作主语。故填who。 （2025·上海青浦·二模） Remember, you bring your own knowledge and experience to the table. If advice conflicts with your better judgment, trust yourself to make the call. Research shows that people feel more, not less, guilty when they follow advice 10 they know is wrong and a bad outcome occurs. 【答案】10．that/which 10．考查定语从句。句意：研究表明，当人们听从他们知道是错误的建议并且出现不良后果时，他们会感到更内疚，而不是更少。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词advice，指物，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。 （2025·上海金山·二模） According to him, the comedy matches modern online trends. Comedians often talk about current social issues in short and direct ways, 5 fits well with the fast-paced, short videos people enjoy online. 【答案】 5．which 5．考查定语从句。句意：喜剧演员经常以简短直接的方式谈论当前的社会问题，这很符合人们在网上喜欢的快节奏短视频。“____ fits well with the fast paced, short videos people enjoy online”是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 （2025·上海长宁·二模） Then, in 2018, the Nottingham Playhouse Theatre Company created a stage show that was motivated by both the book and the Hollywood film. Now, that show, 2 was a huge success when it first came out, is coming back to the stage and will be going on a tour across England. 【答案】2．which 2．考查定语从句。句意：现在，那部首次上演就取得巨大成功的剧目将重返舞台，并将在英国各地进行巡演。空处应填关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“that show”，指物，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词“which”引导。故填which。 （2025·上海普陀·二模） Using data collected by TwinsUK, the most detailed and extensive twin study ever 1 (carry) out, the team compared the genetic heritability of two types of trait — how strongly a person feels connected to nature, and the amount of time 2 they spend in nature — in more than 1,000 sets of twins. 【答案】 2．that/which 2．考查定语从句。句意：利用TwinsUK收集的数据，这是有史以来进行的最详细、最广泛的双胞胎研究，该团队比较了1000多对双胞胎中两种特征的遗传率——一个人与自然的联系有多紧密，以及他们在大自然中度过的时间有多长。“_____ they spend in nature”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the amount of time，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句。故填that/which。 （2024年宝山区二模） Ghost fishing is what abandoned fishing tool does. It still catches fish, but no one benefits. Trapped fish die and attract scavengers (清道夫)____23____ also get caught, creating a vicious cycle. 【答案】 23. which##that 【23题详解】考查定语从句。句意：被困的鱼死亡，吸引食腐动物，食腐动物也被捕获，形成恶性循环。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是scavengers，指物，关系词在从句作主语，应用关系代词which或that。故填which或that。 （2024年崇明区二模） The group of 16 dancers, originating from the Chaoshan region in South China’s Guangdong province, ___23___ the art form originated, offered a sensory cultural feast (盛宴) to the people of the United Kingdom. 【答案】 23. where 【23题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这支由16名舞者组成的舞团，来自中国南部广东省潮汕地区，是这种艺术形式的发源地，他们为英国人民提供了一场感官上的文化盛宴。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the Chaoshan region”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where。故填where。 （2024年虹口区二模） The same goes for concerts, movie theaters and other places ____22____ people routinely ignore filming restrictions. A new patent from Apple may block that rule-breaking feature—on phones at least. 【答案】22. where 【22题详解】考查定语从句。句意：音乐会、电影院和其他人们经常忽视拍摄限制的地方也是如此。分析句子可知，此处是限定性定语从句。先行词为places，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 （2024年黄浦区二模） If you do walk and use your device at the same time, stop when you’re around stairs, crosswalks and messy or uneven ground, ____30____ accidents are more likely to occur. 【答案】 30. where 【30题详解】考查定语从句。句意：如果你一边走路一边使用电子设备，在楼梯、人行横道和杂乱或不平整的地面附近停下来，因为这些地方更容易发生事故。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词stairs, crosswalks and messy or uneven ground，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 （2024年嘉定区二模） I struggled to the door and tried to pull it open, but the force of the water wouldn’t let me do so. I looked around and grabbed a broom _____27_____was floating behind me. 【答案】27. that##which 【27题详解】考查定语从句。句意：我环顾四周，抓住了漂浮在我身后的一把扫帚。定语从句修饰先行词broom，在从句作主语，指物。故填that/which。 （2024年静安区二模） The composer, Hamish Oliver, ___6___ used the baroque tradition as a starting point and drew inspiration from composers such as Corelli, Bach, and Schnittke, wanted the piece to be playful by including sounds from a chicken’s world. 【答案】6. who 【6题详解】考查定语从句。句意：作曲家哈米什·奥利弗(Hamish Oliver)以巴洛克传统为出发点，从科雷利(Corelli)、巴赫(Bach)和施尼特克(Schnittke)等作曲家那里汲取灵感，他希望这首曲子能通过加入鸡的世界的声音而变得有趣。分析句子可知，空处缺少关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Hamish Oliver，表示人，关系词作从句主语，用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 （2024年闵行区二模） But like all performances, there are moments ___27___ things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily, I was able to catch them and put them back.” 【答案】27. when 【27题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：但就像所有的表演一样，也有出错的时候。此处为定语从句，先行词为moments，从句缺少时间 状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。 Part 2 名词从句 解题策略 01.先定位：看空格前后是否出现“it 作形式主/宾语”“抽象名词（fact, idea, news 等）＋从句”或动词/形容词/介词后缺宾语/主语。 02.判成分：若从句缺主语/宾语/表语 → 选 what/whatever；不缺成分再看是否表“是否”→ whether；其余多数填 that。 03.查语序：把所填词后内容还原成陈述语序，若倒装立即改正。 04.秒排除：介词后、同位语从句、表语从句不用 if；抽象名词后同位语从句绝不省 that。 【名词性句知识梳理】 种类 作用 例句 关联词 宾语 从句 在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之后。 He asked me which team could win the game. We hope （that ）you will enjoy your trip. Tell me why you don’t like school. I don’t know whose pronunciation is the best. 连接词 that/whether as if/ as though; 连接代词 what/ which who/whose whatever whoever whomever whichever; 连接副词 Where/when why/how wherever whenever 表语 从句 在复合句中做表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后。 It looks as if it is going to snow. New York is no longer what it was ten years ago. The book is where you left it. The problem is when he came here. 主语 从句 在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，一般置谓语之前；也可用it作形式主语，主语从句放主句之后。 Whether he will come or not doesn’t matter much. Whoever comes here will be welcome. It is not yet decided who will do that job. That she was chosen made us very happy. 同位语从句 放在名词之后(news, problem, idea, suggestion, advice, thought, hope, fact等) 表明其具体内容。 The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us. Do you have any suggestion where we get cheaper secondhand car? You have no idea how worried we are. · 考点一：宾语从句 1．宾语从句的引导词 连接词 that，whether，if 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分 连接代词 what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语 She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn't. 她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。 Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed. 我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。 易错警示 (1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。 (2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。 2．形式宾语 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。 (1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句 (2)动词hate/ like/ dislike/ appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句 (3)短语动词see to/ depend on/rely on＋it＋从句 (4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋从句 No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent. 你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。 I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为我们每天多喝白开水是有必要的。 3．宾语从句的时态 一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。 · 考点二：表语从句 1．表语从句的引导词 连接词 that，whether 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分 连接代词 what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语 The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended. 对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。 This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up. 这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。 易错警示 if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。 2．as if/as though引导表语从句 as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。 The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。 3．其他常考的表语从句 (1)This/ That/ It is why＋表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是……的原因” (2)This/ That/ It is because＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……” (3)The reason why...is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……” From space，the earth looks blue.This is because about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water. 从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约百分之七十一都被水覆盖着。 · 考点三：主语从句 1．主语从句的引导词 连接词 that，whether，if 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分 连接代词 what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when，where，how，why 在从句中作状语 Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps. 你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会对我们有所帮助。 How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. 我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。 Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it. 李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。 The limits of a person's intelligence，generally speaking，are fixed at birth，but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. 通常来说，一个人智力上的极限从一出生就确定了，但他是否能够达到极限取决于他所处的环境。 易错警示 (1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。 (2)当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，而不用if。 2．形式主语 it作形式主语的常见句型： (1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句 (2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句 (3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句 (4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等)＋that从句 It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it. 尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。 It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. 在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。 易错警示 当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或whether引导均可，但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后接or not时，只能用whether。 · 考点四：同位语从句 同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词：advice，conclusion，doubt，fact，hope，idea，news，promise，question，suggestion，thought，truth，wish，word等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that，whether，how，where，when，why等。 The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do. 经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。 易错警示 that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that还可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。 （2025·上海浦东新·二模） They concluded that expressive writing might be an effective tool to address negative emotions and 2 writing about a past failure could improve learning. 【答案】 2．that 2．考查宾语从句。句意：他们得出结论，表达性写作可能是处理负面情绪的有效工具，并且写下过去的失败可以促进学习。前文“that”引导的第一个宾语从句是“expressive writing might be an effective tool to address negative emotions”，第二个宾语从句，从句结构和句意完整，连接词为that。故填 that。 （2025·上海嘉定·二模） Despite 7 they endured, they kept pushing forward. Their food was simple but packed with energy: pemmican, a dense mixture of dried meat, animal fat, and berries. 【答案】7．what 7．考查名词性从句。句意：尽管他们忍受了很多，但他们还是继续前进。“Despite 7 they endured” 中，“ 7 they endured” 是一个宾语从句，作 “Despite” 的宾语，从句中缺少宾语，用 “what” 引导，表示 “所…… 的事物”。故填 what。 （2025·上海闵行·二模） ● Newsroom provides time for students to apply 8 they learn in the classroom to hands-on journalism assignments. Over the rest of their day, students conduct interviews and gather information. 【答案】 8．what 8．考查宾语从句。句意：新闻编辑室为学生提供了将课堂上学到的知识应用到实际新闻工作中的时间。此处是宾语从句，引导词在从句中作learn的宾语，表示“……的东西”，用what引导该从句。故填what。 （2025·上海虹口·二模） What struck me deeply was 3 English surrounded me once more, a persistent reflection of the familiarity I didn’t realize I’d grown tired of. 【答案】 3．that 3．考查表语从句。句意：让我深感震惊的是，当英语再次围绕着我时，那种熟悉感是一种持续的反映，而我却没有意识到自己已经对这种熟悉感到厌倦了。空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，所以用 that 引导。故填that。 （2025·上海静安·二模） People wonder 5 crunning is as beneficial a fitness activity as jogging or running. 【答案】 5．whether 5．考查宾语从句。句意：人们想知道爬跑是否和慢跑或跑步一样是有益的健身活动。“crunning is as beneficial a fitness activity as jogging or running”是宾语从句，结合语境，表示“是否”，应用连词whether引导宾语从句。故填whether。 （2025·上海宝山·二模） But if the technology can appear suddenly from the strange spaghetti video to 8 it is now in a year, these limitations probably won't last long. 【答案】8．where 8．考查宾语从句。句意：但如果这项技术能在短短一年内从奇特的意大利面视频发展到如今的水平，那么这些限制可能不会持续太久。根据句意和空格前的介词to可知，空格后的部分是名宾语从句，空格处应该填入一个连接词引导从句，且意义为“(在)……的地方；(在)……情况下”，所以，应该用连接副词where。故填where。 （2025·上海杨浦·二模） If you have the chance to travel to Frankfurt, it’s worth making a stop at the Bockenheimer Warte subway station just to see its unique entryway. 1 has a vivid imagination might be convinced of the existence of powerful supervillains (超级反派). 【答案】1．Whoever 1．考查主语从句。句意：任何一个想象力丰富的人可能都会相信强大超级反派的存在。空处为主语从句的引导词；主语从句中缺少主语，意为“任何一个……的人”，用whoever引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Whoever。 （2025·上海崇明·二模） During that time, the hippo has received widespread attention on social media. Fans of the animal have expressed 3 they enjoy watching the pink-cheeked baby actively interact with her mother and other zoo workers. 【答案】 3．how/that 3．考查宾语从句。句意：这只动物的粉丝们表示，他们非常喜欢看这只脸颊粉嫩的宝宝与她的妈妈和其他动物园工作人员积极互动。空处引导宾语从句，结构完整，意思也完整，所以可以用连接词that引导；也可以用how，表示“他们是多么喜欢看……”，强调喜欢的程度，故填how/that。 （2025·上海黄浦·二模） How can you figure out whether to avoid or to face up to your feelings? Dr. Kross, an emotion researcher, suggested asking yourself, “Is 5 I’m doing making me feel better about the problem in front of me? 【答案】 5．what 5．考查主语从句。句意：情绪研究者克罗斯博士建议问自己：“我正在做的事情是否让我对眼前的问题感觉更好？”“I’m doing”是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，句子表示“我正在做的事情”，因此用关系代词what引导主语从句，故填what。 （2025·上海奉贤·二模） “Part of the 2,334 square kilometer reserve’s commitment to the preservation of the night sky involves careful lighting design, such as ensuring 8 , if possible, lights are equipped with shades to minimize light pollution. 【答案】 8．that 8．考查宾语从句。句意：2334平方公里的自然保护区致力于保护夜空，其中包括精心的照明设计，如尽可能确保灯光配备遮光罩，以尽量减少光污染。引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分或句意，故用that。故填that。 （2025·上海松江·二模） According to the professor of the University of Milan, Dr Francesco Luciano, 2 led the study, the main message should be that brief moments of physical activity, such as getting to your feet to make a cup of tea, can make a surprisingly large difference to 3 _______ calories you burn. 【答案】 3．how many 3．考查宾语从句。句意：这项研究的负责人、米兰大学教授弗朗西斯科·卢西亚诺博士表示，主要的信息应该是，短暂的体育活动，比如站起来泡杯茶，会对你燃烧的卡路里产生惊人的巨大影响。分析句子结构可知，该句为宾语从句，作介词“to”的宾语，“how many”表示“多少”，用于修饰可数名词复数“calories”，它引导的宾语从句“how many calories you burn”表示“你燃烧的卡路里数量”，整个从句作介词“to”的宾语。故填how many。 （2025·上海青浦·二模） Understanding 2 we fall for bad advice is the first step in resisting it. 【答案】 2．why/how 2．考查宾语从句。句意：理解我们为什么会/如何接受不良建议是抵制它的第一步。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少原因状语或方式状语，表示“为什么”或“如何”，故填why/how。 （2025·上海金山·二模） Wang Xuebin, a professor at the Party School of the CPC, explains 4 stand-up comedy is so popular in China. 【答案】 4．why 4．考查宾语从句。句意：中共党校教授王学斌解释了脱口秀为什么在中国如此受欢迎。“____ stand up comedy is so popular in China”是宾语从句，根据语境，这里要表达解释的内容是“为什么”脱口秀受欢迎，用连接副词why引导该从句并在从句中作原因状语。故填why。 （2025·上海普陀·二模） “We were truly surprised by 5 we uncovered,” said study co-author Prof Richard Fuller of the University of Queensland. 【答案】5．what 5．考查宾语从句。句意：“我们对所发现的感到非常惊讶，”昆士兰大学的研究合著者理查德·富勒教授说。“_____ we uncovered”是宾语从句，从句中谓语动词uncovered缺少宾语，表示“我们所发现的事情”，用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。 （2024年杨浦区二模） ____10____ air pollution was the muse for one of modern history’s greatest artists might be true. 【答案】 10. That 【10题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：空气污染是现代历史上最伟大的艺术家之一的灵感来源，这可能是真的。空格处引导主语从句，从句的语义和成分均完整，则使用that引导主语从句，空格位于句首，故填That。 （2024年长宁区二模） This has raised some interesting questions about the modern family system. While it is true that parents should not be too lenient with children by letting them do ___6___ they want, or too over-protective by sheltering them from the realities of life, it is also true that they should not be too strict. 【答案】6. what##whatever 【6题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指物，应用连接代词what或whatever(无论什么)引导，故填what/whatever。 （2024年徐汇区二模） He remembers____29____ when he wanted to take a bath, he had to heat the water up with firewood and then transport the water in a bucket to the bathtub. 【答案】 29. that 【29题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：他记得，当他想洗澡时，必须用柴火烧水，然后将水用桶运到浴缸里。这里为宾语从句的连接词，分析句子成分可知，宾语从句不缺少成分，用that引导。故填that。 （2024年松江区二模） ___2___ this trend suggests is that people’s shift to remote work contributes to the slow rebound of the senior housing market. That is, remote work is keeping many older 【答案】 2. What 【2题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：这一趋势表明，人们转向远程工作，导致老年人住房市场缓慢回升。分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作整个句子的主语，主语从句缺少宾语，结合句意可知，该宾语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词，且句首单词的首字母需大写。故填What。 Part 3 状语从句 解题策略 01. 看逻辑：先判“时间-条件-让步-目的-结果”从句类别，用中文句意秒定从句类型。 02. 定连词： • 时间/条件：when/while/until/if/unless/once • 让步：though/although/even if/while(=although) • 目的/结果：so that(目的) / so…that(结果) 03.查省略与倒装：若空格后为“形容词/名词/动词-ing/-ed + as/though”结构，必为倒装让步；主从主语一致且含 be 时可省主语+be。 【状语从句知识梳理】 ★ 九种状语从句梳理（时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、方式、让步、比较） 种类 连接词 注意点 时间 状语 when, whenever, while, as, before, after,not.. until, till, every time; each time;by the time, as soon as, once（一旦） hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than, （一....就...） the moment/the minute/ immediately/directly/instantly 主句表示将来意义时，从句须用一般现在时；while引导的从句中动词一般是延续性的；until用在肯定句中主句动词是延续性的，而否定句中主句动词为短暂性的。 地点 状语 where, wherever 原因 状语 because, as, since, now that（既然） because语气最强，since较弱，表示大家都明了的原因，as又次之。 条件 状语 if, unless, once, as(so) long as,（只要） on condition that（只要）, provided (that)suppose / supposing（假设） 从句中动词时态不可用将来时，常用一般时代替 目的 状语 so that, in order that, for fear that（以免），in case（万一）, lest唯恐 so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情态动词 结果 状语 so that, so…that, such…that so + 形容词或副词+ that such + 名词+ that 比较 状语 than, (just) as; as…as, not so/as…as, the more…the more 方式 状语 as if/as though（好像）, as as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。 让步 状语 though, although, even if/even though（即使） , as, whether… or（无论...还是...）while（尽管） whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, however, no matter+ what/ who/ how/ when as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和though可和yet/still连用，但不可和but连用；如果主句用一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 · 考点一、时间状语从句 1．when，while和as引导的时间状语从句 when 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生 while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 as 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……” While some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure. 尽管有些人被成功的渴望所激励，但也有一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。 As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for. 随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。 2．表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句 (1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy. 我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。 (2)在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。 I had hardly got to the office，when my wife phoned me to go back home at once. 我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我回家。 3．before，since引导的时间状语从句 (1) before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式：It will be/was＋一段时间＋before...过了……时间才……；It won't be/wasn't＋一段时间＋before...没过多久就……。 We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it. 在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。 If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one. 如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。 (2)since意为“自从……以来”，常用句式：It is/ has been＋一段时间＋since从句(常用过去时)。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 As is reported，it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded. 正如所报道的，清华大学自建立以来已有一百多年了。 4．till/until引导的时间状语从句 until/till用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首，而till不能。 If you don't understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out. 如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。 She didn't start the lesson until the pupils settled down. 等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。 5．every time，each time，next time，the first time，by the time等引导的时间状语从句 By the time you have finished this book，your meal will get cold. 等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。 · 考点二、让步状语从句 1．although，though，as和while引导的让步状语从句 (1)though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装；as引导的从句必须用倒装语序： 表语/状语/动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他，若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。 (2)though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。 (3)while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。 Although these measures are not effective forever，they are vital for now. 虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。 2．even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句 even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。 (湖南高考)Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise. 蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。 3．“疑问词＋­ever”引导的让步状语从句 wherever，(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋­ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。 It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。 However/No matter how hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. 不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。 4．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句 whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。 All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. 所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。 · 考点三、其他状语从句 状语从句 连词 条件状语从句 if，unless(＝if...not)，so/as long as(只要)，on condition that，in case(万一)，suppose/supposing，provided/providing 原因状语从句 because，as，since，now that，considering that (考虑到，鉴于) 目的状语从句 so that，in order that，in case (以防) 结果状语从句 so that，so...that...，such...that... 地点状语从句 where，wherever 方式状语从句 as(正如，正像)，as if/as though(好像) 比较状语从句 than，as...as...，not as/so...as... Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. 正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句子也能改变一段文字的意思。 He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture. 他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些他能够拍成好照片的东西。 易错警示 as if/as though引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时，从句通常用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，用过去时；与过去情况相反时，用过去完成时；与将来情况相反时，用would/could/might＋动词原形。 （2025·上海徐汇·二模） In the second stage, a “stop light” was introduced, and the rule was changed so that the reward was only given 4 they touched the card when the light was off. 【答案】 4．if 4．考查状语从句。句意：在第二阶段，引入了一个 “交通信号灯”，并且规则改变了，所以只有当信号灯熄灭时，它们触碰卡片才会得到奖励。“the reward was only given” 和 “they touched the card when the light was off” 之间存在条件关系，“if” 引导条件状语从句，意为 “如果，假如”，表示只有在 “信号灯熄灭且马触碰卡片” 这个条件下，才会得到奖励。故填 if。 （2025·上海浦东新·二模） “Over 10 years, it amounted to more than 30,000 notes, 8 we had only 20,000 employees. Wherever I’d go in the world, you’d find my handwritten notes 9 (display) on employees’ bulletin boards(公告栏).” 【答案】 8．though/although 8．考查状语从句。句意：在 10 多年的时间里，（感谢信）总数超过了 3 万封，尽管我们只有 2 万名员工。“though” 或 “although” 引导让步状语从句，表示 “尽管，虽然”，在这里连接两个有转折关系的句子。故填 though/although。 2025·上海嘉定·二模） 8 it did little to satisfy true hunger, it did keep them alive. Their days were long and exhausting. Yet they refused to stop. 【答案】 8．Although/Though 8．考查状语从句。句意：尽管它几乎不能满足真正的饥饿，但它确实让他们活了下来。根据前后句的逻辑关系，这里表示让步，“尽管” 食物不能满足饥饿，但能维持生命，所以用“Although” 或 “Though” 引导让步状语从句。首字母大写。故填 Although/Though。 2025·上海闵行·二模） Or hoping to explore a world-class city with new friends this summer? 2 so, check out the Boston University Summer Journalism Academy. 【答案】 2．If 2．考查状语从句连词。句意：如果是这样，那就来看看波士顿大学暑期新闻学院吧。if so表示“如果是这样”，固定搭配。故填If。 （2025·上海虹口·二模） Then came the noise. 4 I had gotten used to the peacefulness, New York felt like a mixture of loud unpleasant sounds. 【答案】 4．After 4．考查状语从句连词。句意：在我习惯了宁静之后，纽约感觉就像各种嘈杂刺耳声音的混合体。这里表示在作者习惯了宁静之后才感觉到纽约的嘈杂，所以用 after 引导时间状语从句。首字母大写。故填After。 （2025·上海静安·二模） 10 McCarthy has said about the sport, I do see broken noses, wrist injuries, and shoulder problems arising from crunning. ” 【答案】10．Whatever 10．考查让步状语从句。句意：无论麦卡锡对这项运动说了什么，我确实看到了因爬跑而导致的鼻骨骨折、手腕受伤和肩部问题。结合句意，“____ McCarthy has said about the sport”是让步状语从句，此处表示“无论什么”，用whatever引导让步状语从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填Whatever。 （2025·上海宝山·二模） Little did they know that a year later text-to-video AI would be creating videos so realistic 1 they would blur (模糊) the line between the digital and the real. 【答案】1．that 1．考查结果状语从句。句意：当时人们不会想到，一年后的文本生成视频AI竟能创造出如此逼真的影像，以至于模糊了数字与现实的界限。so...that...“如此……以至于”的固定搭配。故填that。 （2025·上海崇明·二模） Moo Deng is now four months old. Officials estimated the baby hippo has brought in about 3,000 to 5,000 visitors a day on average 8 it became popular online. 【答案】 8．since 8．考查状语从句连词。句意：官员们估计，自从这只小河马在网络上走红以来，平均每天吸引了约3000至5000名游客前来参观。表示“自从…… 以来”应用since引导时间状语从句。故填since。 例9（2025·上海黄浦·二模） How can you figure out whether to avoid or to face up to your feelings? Dr. Kross, an emotion researcher, suggested asking yourself, “Is 5 I’m doing making me feel better about the problem in front of me? Is this issue still a concern 6 I take some time away from it?” 【答案】 6．after/when/if 6．考查状语从句连词。句意：在我暂时远离这个问题后/当我暂时远离这个问题时/如果我暂时远离这个问题，它是否还是我担忧的事情？由“I take some time away from it”可知，句子表示“在我暂时远离这个问题后/当我暂时远离这个问题时/如果我暂时远离这个问题，它是否还是我担忧的事情”，空格处意为“在……之后/当……时/如果”，空格处可用after/when引导时间状语从句，或if引导条件状语从句，故填after/when/if。 （2025·上海奉贤·二模） It was literally in the middle of a desert: there was an abandoned village with broken houses. 5 the atmosphere was frightening and filled with an unsettling stillness, the sky was stunningly beautiful. 【答案】5．Although/ While/Though 5．考查状语从句。句意：虽然气氛令人恐惧，充满了令人不安的寂静，但天空却美得惊人。引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”用although、while或though，首字母大写。故填Although/While/Though。 （2025·上海松江·二模） While breaking long walks into short intervals might not be practical in terms of length covered, Luciano emphasized that 10 possible, people should take a few steps to break up sitting time. 【答案】 10．whenever/when/if 10．考查状语从句省略。句意：虽然将长时间的步行分成短时间的间隔可能不太实际，但卢西亚诺强调，只要有可能/在任何可能是时候，人们应该采取一些措施来打破坐着的时间。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“在任何可能的时候，人们都应该起身走几步，打破长时间的久坐。”，因此可使用whenever/when引导时间状语从句，其完整形式是 “whenever/when it is possible”，同时，此处也可以表示“如果可能的话”，因此可以使用if引导条件状语从句，其完整形式是 “if it is possible”。故填whenever/when/if。 （2025·上海青浦·二模） Research shows that people are more likely to follow advice when it comes from someone they perceive as an expert, 4 _______the advice isn’t consistent with their own judgment. 【答案】 4．even if/even though 4．考查让步状语从句。句意：研究表明，即使建议与他们自己的判断不一致，人们也更有可能听从他们认为是专家的人的建议。空处引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，故填even if/even though。 （2025·上海金山·二模） Stand-up comedy, originating in the United States, has gained global appeal, including in China. 1 the first Chinese stand-up comedy club was set up in Shenzhen in 2009, this form of entertainment was relatively unknown to most Chinese audiences. 【答案】1．When 1．考查状语从句。句意：当2009年第一家中国脱口秀俱乐部在深圳成立时，这种娱乐形式对大多数中国观众来说还相对陌生。“the first Chinese stand up comedy club was set up in Shenzhen in 2009”是时间状语从句，结合语境，这里表示“当……时候”，用从属连词when引导该从句；句首单词首字母大写。故填When。 （2025·上海长宁·二模） 6 Yelnats is told that this is to “build character”, he soon unearths a mystery buried deep beneath the ground. Sachar’s story of hardship 7 (inspire) book readers and film audiences for years. 【答案】 6．Although/Though/While 6．考查状语从句。句意：尽管耶尔纳茨被告知这是为了“塑造性格”，但他很快就揭开了一个深埋在地下的秘密。空处填从属连词引导状语从句；根据句意可知，although/though/while都可表示“尽管，虽然”。句首字母大写，故填Although/Though/While。 （2025·上海普陀·二模） Previous studies have shown that, 8 people are raised and live in an urban or rural environment, it influences how strongly they want to be among nature or seek out outdoor experiences. 【答案】 8．whether 8．考查连词。句意：先前的研究表明，无论人们是在城市还是农村环境中长大和生活，这都会影响他们对融入自然或寻求户外体验的渴望程度。whether...or...表示“无论……还是……”，引导让步状语从句。故填whether。 （2024年闵行区二模） ___28___ most page-turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage. 【答案】28. Although##Though##While 【28题详解】 考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然大多数翻页者都是钢琴学生或崭露头角的音乐会钢琴家，但拉斯波娃女士曾经请她的丈夫在舞台上帮助她。由句意此处为让步状语从句，且空处位于句首，应用引导词Although/Though/While。故填Although/Though/While。 （2024年松江区二模） Moreover, they find remote work arrangements are decreasing in some parts of the country, ____10____ employees there have seen their lowered productivity while working from home. 【答案】 10. because##since##as 【10题详解】 考查原因状语从句。句意：此外，他们发现远程工作安排在该国某些地区正在减少，因为那里的员工发现在家工作时生产率降低了。分析句子可知，空处前后为完整的句子，空前表示“他们发现远程工作安排在该国某些地区正在减少”，空后表示“那里的员工发现在家工作时生产率降低了”，前为结果，后为原因，因此可用从属连词because、since或as引导原因状语从句。故填because/since/as。 （2024年徐汇区二模） ____27____ his friends return to France, they know they need to bring him some crystal salt from a natural salt pond in France. The black pepper he uses comes from Madagascar. 【答案】 27. Whenever##When 【27题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：当他的朋友们回到法国时，他们都知道需要给他带一些来自法国天然盐池的晶体盐。这里为状语从句的连接词，表示“当……时”或“无论……时”，用when或whenever引导；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填When或Whenever。 （2024年杨浦区二模） The landscapes in his paintings often have a misty appearance, ____4____ ________ fog is clouding edges, and concealing objects that are far away. 【答案】 4. as if ##as though 【4题详解】 考查从属连词。句意：他的风景画往往有一种朦胧的外观，仿佛雾笼罩着边缘，隐藏着远处的物体。此处需要表示“仿佛”的从属连词，引导方式状语从句，故填as if或as though。 （2024年崇明区二模） ___25___ the lions were awakened, they performed a lively flying dance. 【答案】 25. After##When##As##Once 【25题详解】 考查连接词。句意：狮子被唤醒后/狮子被唤醒时/一旦狮子被唤醒了，他们表演了/就表演一个活泼的飞舞。分析句子和句意可知，空处引导时间状语从句，可表示“狮子被唤醒后”或“狮子被唤醒时”或“一旦狮子被唤醒了”，故可用连接词after/when/as/once；句首字母大写。故填After/When/As/Once。 （2024年嘉定区二模） As I was drifting off to sleep, I suddenly heard the sound of rushing water, _____21_____ ________I were lying beside a waterfall instead of in my bedroom. 【答案】21. as if 【21题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：我正迷迷糊糊地睡着，突然听到哗哗的水声，仿佛我不是躺在卧室里，而是躺在瀑布旁边。引导方式状语从句，表示“好像”应用as if，从句用虚拟语气。故填as if。 实战 训练 · 单句语法填空（注意定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句运用） 1．The Internet has now become the first place the majority of people turn to for information. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：互联网现在已经成为大多数人获取信息的首选之地。空处引导定语从句，先行词是place，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词前有序数词修饰，应用关系代词that，故填that。 2．Occasions are quite rare I have the time to have a formal dinner with my kids. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我很少有时间和孩子们一起吃正式的晚餐。空处引导定语从句，先行词occasions，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 3．TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a social media platform short videos can be edited and uploaded easily. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：TikTok，在中国被称为抖音，是一个可以轻松编辑和上传短视频的社交媒体平台。______ short videos can be edited and uploaded easily.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a social media platform，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以填关系副词where。故填where。 4．The teacher didn’t know the reason she was late for school. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老师不知道她上学迟到的原因。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为 the reason，在从句中作原因状语，所以此空应用关系副词why。故填why。 5．The talented composer and singer showed us around his studio he composed the song Forever Young. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位才华横溢的作曲家兼歌手带我们参观了他的工作室，在那里他创作了歌曲《永远年轻》。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词his studio。先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 6．He had strong determination and perseverance in the competition, made him successful. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他在比赛中有坚强的决心和毅力，这使他获得了成功。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个主句，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 7．The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：这些年来地球变得越来越热这个事情让很多科学家很担忧。分析句子结构，此句为同位语从句。从句the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years对前面名词 the fact的内容进行解释，用连接词that。故填that。 8．We have offered him the position, but I don’t have the slightest idea he will accept it. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】whether 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我们已经向他提供了这个职位，但我丝毫不知道他是否会接受。分析句子，空处引导同位语从句，说明名词idea的内容，结合I don’t have the slightest idea可知，空处表示“是否”，应用whether引导从句。故填whether。 9．The question occurred to me we should go to get the car repaired. We were in the middle of the forest at that time. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】where 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我突然想到这个问题，我们应该去哪里修理汽车，那时我们在森林的中央。分析句子，空处引导同位语从句，说明名词question的内容，结合语意，问题是去哪里修车，空处应用where引导从句。故填where。 10．The question should do the work is being discussed at the meeting. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：会议上正在讨论谁应该做这项工作的问题。 should do the work是一个同位语从句，对名词question的内容进行解释说明，从句中缺少主语，且意义为“谁”，所以应该用连接代词who引导从句。故填who。 11．I have no idea the boy is doing in the next room now. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我不知道那个男孩现在正在隔壁房间做什么。根据空前I have no idea和空后the boy is doing可知，“_____ the boy is doing in the next room now”为“idea”的同位语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，表示“什么”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 12．Ten percent of life is what happens to you and ninety percent is you respond to it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】how 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：生活的百分之十是发生在你身上的事，百分之九十是你如何应对它。空处引导名词性从句作表语，结合句意可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“如何，怎样”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 13．The most obvious advantage of online learning is you can study anywhere and anytime. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：在线学习最明显的优点是你可以随时随地学习。设空处引导表语从句，且从句语义完整，不缺成分，需用连接词that引导。故填that。 14．Jane attends Opportunities Academy, a program for young adults with disabilities. This was they learned about how to care about others. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：简参加了“机遇学院”项目，这是一个为有残疾的年轻成年人设立的项目。在这里，他们学习了如何关心他人。空处位于系动词was后引导表语从句，结合句意可知，从句中缺少地点状语，表示在Opportunities Academy这个项目中，应用where引导从句。故填where。 15．The problem is method we should adopt to solve this complex problem. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：问题是我们应该采用什么方法来解决这个复杂的问题。分析句子结构可知，“is”后是表语从句，从句缺少定语，修饰名词method，表示“什么”，故用连接代词what引导。故填what。 16．She got up late this morning and that was she missed the first bus. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：她今天早上起晚了，那就是为什么她错过了第一班公共汽车。空处引导表语从句，应用连接副词why，that was why表示“那就是为什么”，表示结果。符合题意。故填why。 17．As the city expands, dozens of modern buildings have been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：随着城市的扩张，十年前的荒地上建起了几十座现代建筑。介词后接宾语从句，从句缺主语，表示“事物、东西”，使用连接代词what引导。故填what。 18．I hate it the weather becomes freezing cold because there is no heater inside. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查it作形式宾语when引导的从句作真正的宾语。句意：我讨厌天气变冷的时候，因为里面没有暖气。由句意及空前的I hate it可知此处为I hate it/like it/appreciate it/dislike it...+when/if从句的结构，其中it作形式宾语，when/if引导的从句作真正的宾语，结合句意此处应用when引导的从句作真正的宾语，故填when。 19．The official made it clear he would do everything possible to solve the problem. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这位官员明确表示，他将尽一切可能解决这个问题。句中it作形式宾语，设空处引导名词性从句作真正宾语，从句句意完整，不缺成分，用连接词that引导。故填that。 20．How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/whom 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：一个人旅行有多开心，很大程度上取决于他和谁一起去，是他的朋友还是亲戚。分析句子，设空处引导的是宾语从句，引导词在从句中作with后的宾语，指代人，意为“谁”用who或者whom。故填who/whom。 21．It never occurred to her that she was faced with the same stage they had been faced with tackling the health crisis. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 as when 【详解】考查定语从句和状语从句。句意：她从来没有想到，她所面临的阶段与他们在应对健康危机时所面临的阶段相同。第一空引导定语从句，修饰先行词stage，关系词代替先行词在从句中作had been faced with的宾语，且先行词有the same修饰，应用关系as引导；第二空为状语从句的省略，表示“当……时候”用when，从句省略了主语和be动词。故填①as；②when。 22．His so-called adequate reason he had been ill for a week was revealed by us yesterday, made him ashamed. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 that which 【详解】考查同位语从句和定语从句。句意：他病了一个星期的所谓充分理由昨天被我们揭露了，这使他感到羞愧。第一空说明reason的内容，引导同位语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意，故用that引导；第二空引导非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which。故填①that；②which。 23．Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：不活跃或是日常饮食含脂肪量高的孩子体重增长的很快。分析句子结构，who are not active和 _______   diet is high in fat是由or连接的两个并列的定语从句，先行词是Children，关系词在后一个定语从句中作定语，修饰名词“diet”，用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 24．Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything comes into sight is so new to me. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在过去的十年间我们的城市发生了巨大改变，一切出现在眼前的事物对我来说都是新的。空处引导定语从句，先行词为不定代词everything，关系代词作从句主语，用that。故填that。 25．This city, history can date back to 2000 years ago, has become a modern city where you can experience both the new and the old. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这座城市，其历史可以追溯到2000年前，如今已经变成了一座既能体验新事物又能感受古老气息的现代化城市。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词whose引导的定语从句，先行词this city在从句中作history的定语成分。故填whose。 26．Xi’ an is the former capital of many dynasties, accounts for its historical significance. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：西安是许多朝代的前都城，这解释了它的历史意义。“ accounts for its historical significance”是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，句中所述“西安是许多朝代的前都城”这一情况在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 27．The organization aims to help those suffer from great losses in the pandemic(疫情). (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该组织旨在帮助那些在疫情中遭受重大损失的人。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词those，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 28．In terms of environmental impact, grapes are produced in heated houses release more carbon dioxide. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：就环境影响而言，在温室中生产的葡萄会释放更多的二氧化碳。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词grapes，为物，在从句中作主语，所以应用关系代词which或者that。故填which/that。 29．The palace is named after its designer is widely recognized for his innovative ideas about architecture. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这座宫殿以其设计者命名，该设计者因其在建筑方面的创新理念而广为人知。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词its designer，指人，且在从句中作主语，用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。 30．My grandpa, is often the case with old people, is fond of talking about the good old days. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我的爷爷，像很多老人一样，喜欢谈论过去的美好时光。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语成分，关系代词as表示“正如，像”，放在主句主谓之间。故填as。 31．In 1961 the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从。句意：1961 年联合国决定建立世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，且设空处在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，应该用关系代词whose引导。故填 whose。 32．Does tourism, some people suggest, have impact on the traditional values of local population? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：旅游业是否像一些人所说的那样，对当地居民的传统价值观产生了影响？分析句子成分可知，空处应为引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指代整个主句，词义为“正如”，且在从句中充当宾语。故填as。 33．The house, roof was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那所房子的屋顶在那场可怕的大火中被毁了，现在已经修好了。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The house，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作roof的定语，意思是“那所房子的屋顶”，应使用具有所属关系的关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故填whose。 34．We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们将把公园里的野餐推迟到下星期，那时天气可能会好一些。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为next week，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 35．The scene in the Hollywood movie, global warming could turn the global climate into a new ice age, may never occur. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：好莱坞电影中全球变暖可能使全球气候进入新冰河期的场景可能永远不会发生。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词the scene为抽象地点名词，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 36．Today’s college is appropriate as a setting for a society, its members must acquire and manage knowledge from a wide variety of sources．(用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：今天的大学适合作为一个社会背景，其成员必须从各种来源获得和管理知识。分析句子，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词a setting of society，表示“在社会背景中”用where。故填where。 37．Teachers should create an environment children are taught how to solve problems of learning by themselves. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：教师应该创造一个环境，让孩子们学会如何自己解决学习中的问题。分析句子结构可知，此处应为关系词引导的限制性定语从句，先行词environment为抽象地点名词，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 38．The film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that small village. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这部电影使我回想起我在那个小村庄受到良好照顾的时光。根据句子结构可知，设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词the hours，引导词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。 39．The little boy wouldn’t leave the shop he bought what he wanted. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】until 【详解】考查连词。句意：这个小男孩直到买了他想要的东西才离开商店。not…until…“直到……才……”是固定句型，符合句意，故用until引导时间状语从句。故填until。 40．However, the most amazing thing happened. the reality of the crisis sank in, it brought out the best in us. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】As/When 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：然而，最令人惊奇的事情发生了。随着危机的现实逐渐深入人心，它激发了我们最好的一面。根据句意可知，空处引导时间状语从句，表示“随着……/当……”，应用连词as/when引导从句，置于句首，首字母大写。故填As/When。 41．He hurried out of the room the meeting was over. 【答案】 as soon as 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：会议一结束他就匆忙走出房间。结合句意可知，此处用as soon as引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就”，故填①as②soon③as。 42．Someone called me up at midnight, but they hung up I could answer the phone. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】before 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：半夜有人给我打电话，但我还没来得及接就挂了。由“but they hung up ____ I could answer the phone”可知，but表转折，句子表示“我还没来得及接就挂了”，before和can/could连用表示“还没来得及就”，因此空格处是before，引导时间状语从句，故填before。 43．What impresses me most is that he appears in front of others, he wears a sincere and charming smile.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】whenever 【详解】考查时间状语从句。句意：让我印象最深刻的是，每当他出现在别人面前，他总是带着真诚而迷人的微笑。该句是复合句，含what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句；表语从句中含whenever引导的时间状语从句。故答案为whenever。 44．I wish my house would be built we can enjoy beautiful scenery with mountains and rivers. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查地点状语从句。句意：我希望我的房子能建在我们可以欣赏山水美景的地方。分析句子可知，句子缺少built后面的地点状语，空处应用where引导地点状语从句，表示“……的地方”。故填where。 45．He thinks that students have signed up for minor subjects they have the energy and time to do so. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】because 【详解】考查连词。句意：他认为，学生们报名参加辅修课程是因为他们有精力和时间这样做。此处表示“因为”，可用because引导原因状语从句，故填because。 46． we've set our mind on the goal, we must go through with the task.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】 Now that 【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：既然我们已经确定了目标，就必须把任务进行到底。根据句意可知now that 的意思是“既然”，引导原因状语从句。置于句首，首字母大写。故答案为Now that。 47．In addition, improvement of teachers' professional development cannot be over emphasized technology will never replace a knowledgeable teacher. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】because/since/as 【详解】考查原因状语从句。句意：此外，教师专业发展的改善再怎么强调也不为过，因为技术永远不会取代知识渊博的教师。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”可用because/since/as。故填because/since/as。 48．Leave your key with a neighbor you lock yourself out one day. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 in order that 【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：把钥匙交给邻居保管，以便有一天可以把自己锁在门外。此处为连词in order that“以便……”引导的目的状语从句，满足句意要求。故填①in；②order；③that。 49．We’d better leave a message at the information desk somebody should come and visit us. (根据句意填空) 【答案】 in case 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：我们最好在服务台留个言，以防有人来找我们。引导目的状语从句，表示“以防”应用in case。故填in case。 50．He had his camera ready    he saw something that would make a good picture. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】 in case 【详解】考查连词短语。句意：他把照相机准备好了，以防他看到能拍出好照片的东西。短语in case表示“以防，万一”，引导目的状语从句，用在此处符合句意。故填in case。 51．Strasser said Lowell got in through the back door, which he kept open at night so that Bonnie   get into the backyard. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】could 【详解】考查情态动词和目的状语从句。句意：Strasser说Lowell是从后门进来的，他晚上一直开着后门，这样邦妮就能进入后院。结合句意空处应填情态动词could，so that引导目的状语从句时经常与情态动词can/could/be able to连用。故填could。 52．They chose to live in the suburbs they will not be disturbed by the heavy traffic and the serious air pollution. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 so that 【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：他们选择住在郊区，为了不被繁忙的交通和严重的空气污染所困扰。后半句表明了他们选择住到郊区去的目的，所以用so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便”。根据句意，故填so that。 53．As we can see, developing a good habit is so important I would like to introduce one kind of good learning habit—keep a learning diary every day. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：正如我们所看到的，养成一个好习惯是如此重要，所以我想介绍一种好的学习习惯——每天写学习日记。结合句意及句中的so可知，此处是so...that引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于”，故填that。 54． loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】So 【详解】考查倒装句和结果状语从句。句意：他说话的声音如此之大，连隔壁房间的人都能听到。分析句子可知，句为“so+adv.+that…”引导的结果状语从句，当“so”放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装，“did”提前，还原后为“he spoke so loudly that…”，故空格处应用“So”，句首单词首字母大写。故填So。 55．We were in an anxious rush when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】such 【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：我们走的时候太着急了，结果忘了带机票。such所修饰的中心词是名词，此处rush是名词，意思是“匆忙，赶紧”，所以这里是such…that…引导的结果状语从句。故答案为such。 56．Our math teacher set such a hard test problem none of us could work out the other day. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：我们的数学老师出了一道这么难的题，以致于前几天我们谁也做不出来。结合句子分析可知，横线处为固定句型搭配“such+a/an+形容词+名词+that+从句”，此处是结果状语从句，意为：如此……以致于。故填that。 57．You cannot make progress you work harder. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】unless 【详解】考查连词。句意：除非你更努力，不然你不会取得进步。根据句意可知空格处需要填写连词unless引导条件状语从句，只有在“更努力”这个条件下，才能取得进步。故填unless。 58．You will certainly succeed you keep on trying. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 as/so long as 【详解】考查条件状语从句引导词。句意：只要你继续努力，你一定会成功。分析可知，“_______ _______ _______ you keep on trying”为条件状语从句，结合语境可知，从句表达“只要你坚持努力”含义，用“as/so long as…(只要……)”引导。故填①as/so；②long；③as。 59．Most animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, they hunt them for food. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】unless 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：大多数动物与不同种类的动物几乎毫无关系，除非他们要去猎食对方。根据主从句逻辑关系，应用表达“除非”的连词引导条件状语从句。故填unless。 60． the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Once/If 【详解】考查连词。句意：一旦造成破坏，农田将需要很多年才能恢复。分析句子结构可以，空格处需要填一个连词来引导前面这个从句。根据句意，前面的连词可填If来引导条件状语从句。或者填Once来引导时间状语从句，有“条件”的意味，表示从某个时间点开始，意思是“一……就……”。以上两者引导的从句都是一般现在时，而主句是一般将来时。故填If或Once。 61．Our parents will be pleased with our performance we try our best. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 as long as 【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：只要我们尽力而为，我们的父母就会对我们的表现感到满意。分析句子可知，句子为条件状语从句，空格处单词引导从句，根据句意可知，应用“as long as”引导从句，意为“只要”。故填as long as。 62． everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】If 【详解】考查条件状语从句。句意：如果每个人都为保护环境做出贡献，世界将变得更加美丽。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处应用if引导条件状语从句。故填If。 63．You have to let us struggle for ourselves, we must die in the process. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 even if/though 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：你得让我们为自己拼搏，哪怕我们会在这个过程中死去。分析句子，结合句意可知，空格处引导让步状语从句，连接副词even if或even though，引导从句，意为“即使”，符合句意。故填even if或even though。 64． the diet isn’t specifically designed for weight loss, many studies have demonstrated that some fish meat could lead to weight loss. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Although/Though/While 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管这种饮食并不是专门为减肥而设计的，但许多研究表明，一些鱼肉可以减肥。分析句子可知，空格处应填入状语从句的引导词。根据句意，此处指“尽管这种饮食并不是专门为减肥而设计的”，从句表示让步，应用although/though/while引导让步状语从句，置于句首首字母应大写。故填Although/Though/While。 65． wealthy he was, he never forgot his humble beginnings and was always ready to help others. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】However 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论他多么富有，他从来没有忘记自己卑微的开始，所以他总是乐于帮助别人。结合句意可知，此处指“无论他多么富有”，用however引导让步状语从句，首字母应大写。故填However。 66．But those numbers, impressive they seem, may be beside the point. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as/though 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：但这些数字虽然看起来令人印象深刻，但可能无关紧要。分析句意及句子结构可知，此处引导让步状语从句，句子使用了倒装结构，应用as或though引导，常见结构为“名词/形容词/副词+as/though+主语+谓语”。故填as或though。 67．Much the golden ball cactus prefers the sun, it tolerates temperatures of below zero degrees centigrade. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as/though 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然金球仙人掌喜欢阳光，但它能忍受摄氏零度以下的温度。根据句意可知，此处引导让步状语从句，且使用了部分倒装结构，应用as或though引导。故填as或though。 68． reasons may be behind it, people’s attitudes toward left-handedness have changed a lot over the years. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】No matter what/Whatever 【详解】考查连词。句意：不管背后的原因是什么，多年来人们对左撇子的态度发生了很大变化。根据句意可知，本句让步状语从句，修饰名词reasons，应用no matter what/whatever。故填No matter what/Whatever。 69． it is a blind person seeking guidance or an elderly person seeking support, the rail is there for walking. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论是寻求指导的盲人还是寻求支持的老年人，扶手都是用来步行的。分析可知，本句是让步状语从句，用whether...or...引导，符合句意和语境要求，句首单词首字母大写，故填Whether。 70．Furthermore, talented the speaker is, a talk without enough preparation is usually a failure. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】however 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：此外，无论演讲者多么有才华，没有充分准备的演讲通常是失败的。结合句意及空后的形容词talented可知， 此处表示“无论演讲者多么有才华”，用however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how，故填however。 71．He told his supporters not to ease up he’s leading in the presidential race. （用适当的单词填空） 【答案】 even though/ if 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：他告诉他的支持者，即使他在总统竞选中领先，也不要放松。根据句意可知，此处填入连词even though/if(即使)引导让步状语从句。故填even though/if。 72． life gives us, just accept it happily and feel grateful from the bottom of our heart.（用适当的单词填空） 【答案】 No matter what 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论生活给了我们什么，只要开心地接受它，从心底里感激它就好。引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”应用no matter what引导，相当于whatever，句首单词首字母要大写。故填①No②matter③what。 73． online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.（用单词适当形式填空） 【答案】While/Although/Though 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但它的影响并不全都是积极的。根据句意，前后之间是让步关系，表示“虽然，尽管”应用while/though/although连词引导让步状语从句。句首单词首字母要大写。故填While/Although/Though。 74．The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as she were their own mother. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】if/though 【详解】考查方式状语从句。句意：孩子们和她非常友好，甚至把她当作自己的母亲一样尊敬。本空引导方式状语从句，表示“好像”，用as if/though。故填if/though。 75． the name suggests, study hard and you will get good results. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】As 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：正如名字所暗示的那样，努力学习你会取得好成绩。as the name suggests是固定表达，意为“正如名字所暗示的”，as置于句首，首字母大写。故填As。 76． a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】As 【详解】考查方式状语从句。句意：就像一个单词可以改变一个句子的意思一样，一个句子也可以改变一个段落的意思。逗号前后均为完整的句子，结合所表述的内容可知，此处指前后情况类似，应用意为“如同，像……一样”的连词as引导方式状语从句，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填As。 77．As far as we all can see, the boy walked in as he had bought the whole school. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】if 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：就我们所能看到的，那个男孩走进来就好像他买下了整个学校。引导方式状语从句，表示“好像”应用as if。故填if。 78．It is estimated in the UK alone, people eat three million takeaway meals a day, and the three biggest delivery apps together offer a choice of 100 cuisines from 60, 000 restaurants. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：据估计，仅在英国，人们每天就要吃300万份外卖餐，三大外卖应用一共提供了来自6万家餐厅的100种美食选择。句型It is estimated that...，表示“据估计”，that引导主语从句。故填that。 79．A story goes he rushed out of the room without saying a word. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：据说，他一句话也没说就冲出了房间。引导同位语从句，对前面的名词story进行补充说明，从句句意完整，成分齐全，应用that引导，且that不能省略。故填that。 80． the two trains crashed into each other still remains unknown, but the police say that it could be due to the heavy snow. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】Why 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：两列火车相撞的原因尚不清楚，但警方表示，这可能是由于大雪。空处引导主语从句，从句成份完整，结合下文“it could be due to the heavy snow”可知，此处是指原因，应用连接副词why作引导词。故填Why。 二、句子翻译 1．年轻人喜欢逛完博物馆后选购特色文创产品，无论是自用还是送人都很合适。（which） （汉译英） 【答案】Young people love picking up unique cultural and creative products after visiting museums, which are great whether for personal use or as gifts. 【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和定语从句。“年轻人”是young people，“喜欢做某事”是love doing sth.，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语young people是复数，因此love用原形，“选购”是pick up，用动名词作宾语，“特色文创产品”是unique cultural and creative products，“逛完博物馆后”是after visiting museums，“无论是自用还是送人都很合适”用which引导定语从句，时态用一般现在时，“无论是……还是……”是whether...or...，“自用”是for personal use，“送人”是as gifts，定语从句翻译为“which are great whether for personal use or as gifts”，故整句话翻译为“Young people love picking up unique cultural and creative products after visiting museums, which are great whether for personal use or as gifts”。故答案为Young people love picking up unique cultural and creative products after visiting museums, which are great whether for personal use or as gifts. 2．那位致力于保护濒危动物的专家在退休后举办了许多公益讲座，其主题都是关于人与自然和谐共存的重要性。（whose）（汉译英） 【答案】After his retirement, the expert devoted/dedicated to the protection of endangered animals gave many public lectures, whose topics were all about the importance of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. 【详解】考查whose引导定语从句和时态。“退休后”表达为“After one’s retirement”作状语，这里“one’s”用“his”指代专家的；“致力于”可表达为“be devoted/dedicated to”，此处用非谓语形式devoted/dedicated to作后置定语修饰“the expert”；“保护濒危动物”表达为“the protection of endangered animals”；“举办讲座”表达为“give lectures”，结合语境用一般过去时gave；“公益讲座”表达为“public lectures”，在非限制性定语从句中作定语，关系代词为“whose”引导非限制性定语从句，“主题”表达为“topics”，“关于……的重要性”表达为“about the importance of …”，“人与自然和谐共存”表达为“harmonious coexistence between man and nature”。整个句子描述过去发生的事情，故译为After his retirement, the expert devoted/dedicated to the protection of endangered animals gave many public lectures, whose topics were all about the importance of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. 3．这对新婚夫妻购置了一套价值一千万的别墅，这大大消耗了他们的积蓄。(drain) (汉译英) 【答案】The newlyweds/The newly-married couple purchased a villa (which is) worth 10 million yuan/a million yuan worth of villa, which has greatly drained their savings/which is a great drain on their savings. 【详解】考查短语和时态。主语表示“这对新婚夫妻”为the newlyweds或the newly-married couple；表示“购置”可用动词purchase，发生在过去用一般过去时；表示“一套价值一千万的别墅”可翻译为a villa (which is) worth 10 million yuan或者a million yuan worth of villa；后跟非限制性定语从句，修饰上文句子，故用which引导；表示“消耗”可用动词drain，由副词greatly修饰，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时；表示“积蓄”可用名词savings，由their修饰；“大大消耗了他们的积蓄”或翻译为be a great drain on their savings，陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为The newlyweds/The newly-married couple purchased a villa (which is) worth 10 million yuan/a million yuan worth of villa, which has greatly drained their savings/which is a great drain on their savings. 4．园艺使人们得以侍弄花草，通过与大自然的接触得到美的享受，能修身养性。(which) (汉译英) 【答案】Gardening allows people to serve the flowers and plants, through which you can contact and enjoy nature, improving your personality. 【详解】考查动名词做主语、现在分词作状语和非限制性定语从句。表本句为一般现在时，表示“园艺”用gardening，动名词做主语表示经常性行为，习惯性动作；表示“允许某人干某事”用短语allow sb. to do sth.，主语为“gardening”为第三人称，所以allow用单数；表示“侍弄花草”用serve the flowers；表示“接触大自然并得到美的享受”用contact and enjoy nature；表示“修身养性”用improve your personality,作为接触并享受大自然的自然结果，“improve...”做结果状语，因和句子主语“gardening”为主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式；“personality”做名词时，表示“性格”时为可数名词；做“气质，气度”讲时，为不可数名词，此处表示提升气质，所以为不可数名词；the            flowers and plants为先行词，作through的宾语，所以本句为through which引导的非限制性定语从句。故可翻译为：Gardening allows people to serve the flowers, through which you can contact and enjoy nature, improving your personality. 5．老人外出就餐，家门口是否有社区食堂? (where) （汉译英） 【答案】Is there a community cafeteria/canteen where the elderly can dine out near their homes? 【详解】考查句子结构和定语从句。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时；表示“是否有”应用is there，此处为一般疑问句；表示“社区食堂”应用a community cafeteria/canteen；表示“老人”应用the elderly；表示“能够”应用can；表示“外出就餐”应用dine out，位于情态动词can后面，使用动词原形；表示“家门口”应用near their homes；表示“老人外出就餐”可用where the elderly can dine out，where引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a community cafeteria/canteen，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。故翻译为：Is there a community cafeteria/canteen where the elderly can dine out near their homes? 6．在经过重新装修之后，这个曾经老旧的工厂摇身一变成了聚集各种时髦餐厅的“网红打卡点”。 (spot) (汉译英) 【答案】After the redecoration, the once old factory has been transformed/changed into an internet famous spot gathering various fancy restaurants /where various fancy restaurants gather.。 【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词。表示“在经过重新装修之后”可用after the redecoration；表示“这个曾经老旧的工厂”可翻译为the once old factory；表示“摇身一变成了”用be transformed/changed into，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时的被动语态；表示“聚集各种时髦餐厅的“网红打卡点””可翻译为现在分词短语作定语，为an internet famous spot gathering various fancy restaurants；或用定语从句修饰先行词spot，在从句作地点状语，故用where引导，翻译为an internet famous spot gathering where various fancy restaurants gather。故翻译为After the redecoration, the once old factory has been transformed/changed into an internet famous spot gathering various fancy restaurants/ where various fancy restaurants gather.。 7．此次云南之行，虽行程匆匆，却游历了诸多胜地，访了旧友也交了新知，共话教育新篇章。（whom）(汉译英) 【答案】My trip to Yunnan, though brief, allowed me to visit many scenic spots, reconnect with old friends, and make new acquaintances, with whom I discussed the new chapter of education. 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，根据提示词whom可知，本句应为主从复合句；主语“云南之行”可表达为my trip to Yunnan，“行程匆匆”可表达为though brief(为状语从句的省略，完整句子为though it was brief)，主句谓语“允许”用动词allow表达，“允许某人做某事”表达为allow sb. to do sth.，“游历了诸多胜地”表达为visit many scenic spots，“访了旧友”表达为reconnect with old friends，“交了新知”表达为make new acquaintances，visit，reconnect和make是并列成分，都为不定式作宾补，为避免重复，后面两个动词短语省略不定式符号to；“共话教育新篇章”处理为非限制性定语从句，从句主语是I，谓语“讨论”表达为discuss，“与某人讨论某事”表达为discuss sth. with sb.，先行词是new acquaintances，在从句中作介词with的宾语，为了表达清晰，可将介词with提到句首，用关系代词whom作引导词，“教育的新篇章”表达为the new chapter of education。综上，故翻译为My trip to Yunnan, though brief, allowed me to visit many scenic spots, reconnect with old friends, and make new acquaintances, with whom I discussed the new chapter of education. 8．这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。 （what）（汉译英） 【答案】What makes the game unique is that it helps children learn how to deal /cope with problems in real life. 【详解】考查主语从句和固定短语。根据句意，此处描述的是客观事实，所以使用全句使用一般现在时；结合句意，主语为what引导的主语从句；表示“游戏的独特之处”翻译为he game unique；本句为主系表结构，is后接表语从句，句意和句子结构完整，连接词为that。“处理”为deal /cope with；“帮助某人做某事”为help sb do sth；表示“它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题”翻译为it helps children learn how to deal /cope with problems in real life。故翻译为What makes the game unique is that it helps children learn how to deal /cope with problems in real life. 9．众所周知，陶渊明是中国古代一位杰出和有影响力的诗人，他写了一百三十余首诗。（acknowledge）（汉译英） 【答案】It is universally acknowledged that Tao Yuanming is an outstanding and influential poet in ancient China, who wrote more than 130 poems. 【详解】考查固定句型、定语从句和形容词。根据句意，表示“众所周知”可理解为“人们普遍认为”可译为it is universally acknowledged that句型，其中it为形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正主语，位于句首单词，首字母需大写；表示“陶渊明是中国古代一位杰出和有影响力的诗人”为主语从句，主语“陶渊明”为Tao Yuanming，表示“是”为be动词，此处描述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，所以be动词为is，表示“一位杰出和有影响力的诗人”为an outstanding and influential poet作表语，其中形容词outstanding和influential作定语修饰名词poet，表示“中国古代”为in ancient China，所以主句译为It is universally acknowledged that Tao Yuanming is an outstanding and influential poet in ancient China；表示“他写了一百三十余首诗”为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Tao Yuanming指人，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词who，表示“写了”为write，作定语从句的谓语，使用过去时，所以定语从句译为who wrote more than 130 poems。故翻译为It is universally acknowledged that Tao Yuanming is an outstanding and influential poet in ancient China, who wrote more than 130 poems. 10．你不可能在楼下食品杂货店买到草药和手帕。(possibility）(汉译英) 【答案】There is no possibility that you buy herbs and handkerchiefs in the grocery downstairs. 【详解】考查时态和固定句型。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。结合题干提示possibility可知，用there is no possibility that表达“不可能……”，that引导同位语从句，对possibility进行解释；从句主语是you，谓语“买”是buy，宾语“草药和手帕”是 herbs and handkerchiefs，复数形式表泛指，状语“在楼下杂货店”是in the grocery downstairs。故翻译为There is no possibility that you buy herbs and handkerchiefs in the grocery downstairs. 11．有证据表明，定期锻炼对于提升专注度和记忆力有着积极的影响.(There) （汉译英） 【答案】There is evidence/proof (indicating/to suggest) that regular exercise/taking regular exercise has a positive impact/effect/influence on improving/enhancing/boosting concentration and memory. 【详解】考查there be句型、同位语从句和短语。表示“有证据表明”应用there be句型，即There is evidence/proof ；表示“表明”可以用indicate或suggest，因此处作后置定语修饰evidence/proof，使用现在分词indicating或不定式to suggest；表示“定期锻炼”短语为regular exercise或动词短语take regular exercise，因此处做主语，使用动名词短语taking regular exercise；表示“对……有积极影响”短语为，因此处表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，且因主语为单数第三人称，谓语动词使用单数第三人称形式has a positive impact/effect/influence on；表示“提升专注度和记忆力”短语为improve/enhance/boost concentration and memory，因此处在句中做介词on的宾语，应使用动名词短语improving/enhancing/boosting concentration and memory。故翻译为There is evidence/proof (indicating/to suggest) that regular exercise/taking regular exercise has a positive impact/effect/influence on improving/enhancing/boosting concentration and memory。 12．这位年迈的物理学家背井离乡数十载，如今重返故里，惊觉当年手植的小树已亭亭如盖。 (strike) (汉译英) 【答案】After decades of living far from home, the aged physicist returned to his hometown, only to be struck by the sight that the small tree he had planted with his own hands had grown into a towering one with a thick, shady canopy. 【详解】考查动词、名词、形容词和从句。根据中文提示可知，表示“背井离乡数十载(后)”应用After decades of living far from home，为介词短语作状语，其中 living far from home(离乡)为动名词作宾语；表示“这位年迈的物理学家”应用the aged physicist ，为名词短语作主语；表示“重返故里”应用returned to his hometown，时态用一般过去时表示过去情况；表示“惊觉(景象)”应用only to be struck by the sight，其中be struck by表“惊觉”， only to do sth.，为不定式短语表示出乎意料的结果；表示“当年手植的小树已亭亭如盖”应用that the small tree he had planted with his own hands had grown into a towering one with a thick, shady canopy，为同位语从句解释说明the sight，其中he had planted with his own hands(当年手植的)为定语从句修饰前面名词the small tree，a towering one with a thick, shady canopy(一棵有着浓密阴凉树冠的大树)，为名词短语作宾语，这里时态都用过去完成时，表“过去的过去”概念。故翻译为After decades of living far from home, the aged physicist returned to his hometown, only to be struck by the sight that the small tree he had planted with his own hands had grown into a towering one with a thick, shady canopy. 13．针对出游高峰期交通堵塞中司机可能半路上打瞌睡的问题，现已推出无人机唤醒服务。(introduce) (汉译英) 【答案】To deal with the problem that drivers may fall asleep halfway in traffic jams during peak travel hours, wake-up call services from drones have been introduced. 【详解】考查不定式，同位语从句和时态。前半句可以用不定式作目的状语从句，针对……的为题译为“to deal with the problem”，后面说的是问题的内容，处理成同位语从句用that连接，“出游高峰期交通堵塞中司机可能半路上打瞌睡”译为“drivers may fall asleep halfway in traffic jams during peak travel hours”，“无人机唤醒服务”译为“wake-up call services from drones”，是本句的主语，谓语“推出”用动词introduce，根据句意应用现在完成时，和主语之间是被动关系，所以后半句译为“wake-up call services from drones have been introduced”，故翻译为To deal with the problem that drivers may fall asleep halfway in traffic jams during peak travel hours, wake-up call services from drones have been introduced. 14．这个博物馆的奇妙之处在于将乡村的变迁，时光的痕迹，童年的回忆，融合到一个固定的空间里。 (what)（汉译英） 【答案】What makes this museum wonderful is that it integrates the changes in the countryside, the marks of time, and the memories of childhood into a fixed space. 【详解】考查主语从句和短语。此处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，用what；表示“使……”可用make+宾语+宾补，宾语为this museum，形容词wonderful作宾补；后跟表语从句，从句不缺少成分或句意故用that引导；主语为it；表示“融合”用integrate…into…；表示“乡村的变迁”为the changes in the countryside；表示“时光的痕迹”为the marks of time；表示“童年的回忆”为the memories of childhood；表示“一个固定的空间里”为a fixed space。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为What makes this museum wonderful is that it integrates the changes in the countryside, the marks of time, and the memories of childhood into a fixed space. 15．最让我担心的是这孩子除了在线游戏之外，似乎对周围的一切都视而不见。(concern) 【答案】What concerns me most is that the kid seems to be blind to / to turn a blind eye to everything around him but online games. 【详解】考查名词从句。主语从句由what引导,句子做主语谓语动词用单数。“对….视而不见”可译为“to be blind to / to turn a blind eye to”因此本句可译为“What concerns me most is that the kid seems to be blind to / to turn a blind eye to everything around him but online games.  ” 16．春日阳光和煦，人们不禁想要出去走走。( so... that ) （汉译英） 【答案】Spring sunshine is so mild that people can’t help wanting to go out for a walk. 【详解】考查结果状语从句、非谓语动词。表示“春日阳光”用spring sunshine，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写；本句描述自然现象，时态用一般现在时，主语Spring sunshine为第三人称单数，be动词用is；表示“和煦”用mild，作表语；表示“如此……以至于……”用so... that...，引导结果状语从句，其中so后接形容词mild。表示“人们”用people，作从句的主语；表示“不禁想要做某事”用can’t help doing sth.；“想要出去走走”用want to go out for a walk，用动名词，作can’t help的宾语。故翻译为Spring sunshine is so mild that people can’t help wanting to go out for a walk. 17．这部经典作品经过无数学者的修订才流传至今，如今虽没有从前那样广泛传阅，但仍是承载传统文化的重要载体。(as…as）(汉译英) 【答案】This classic work has been passed down to the present day only after numerous/countless scholars revised it. Now, though it is not as widely read as it once was, it still serves as an important carrier of traditional culture. 【详解】考查时态和状语从句。“这部经典作品经过无数学者的修订才流传至今”为第一个分句，主语“这部经典作品”表达为this classic work，谓语“流传”表达为pass down，和主语是被动关系，且强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时的被动语态，状语“到今天”表达为to the present day，“经过”即“在……之后”，用after引导时间状语从句，从句主语“无数学者”表达为numerous/countless scholars，谓语“修订”表达为revise，从句陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时，宾语用it（指代上文提到的经典作品）。“如今虽没有从前那样广泛传阅，但仍是承载传统文化的重要载体。”为第二个分句，“如今”用now，放在句首首字母大写；“虽然”用although表达，引导让步状语从句，“不如以前那样广泛”表达为it is not as widely read as it once was，第二个as引导比较状语从句；主句主语是it（指代上文提到的经典作品），“仍”用副词still作状语；谓语“承载”用serve as表达，宾语“传统文化的重要载体”用an important carrier of traditional culture表达。综上，故翻译为This classic work has been passed down to the present day only after numerous/countless scholars revised it. Now, though it is not as widely read as it once was, it still serves as an important carrier of traditional culture. 18．这条运河历经数百年才修建而成，如今虽无昔日繁荣之景，但仍然是横跨东西的重要水路。（as...as）（汉译英） 【答案】Although this canal, which took hundreds of years to be constructed, is no longer as prosperous as it used to be, it is still an important waterway running from the east to the west. 【详解】考查状语从句、定语从句以及现在分词。根据句意，表示“这条运河”为this canal作主语，表示“历经数百年才修建而成”可译为非限制性定语从句，“this canal”在从句中作主语，所以此处使用关系代词which引导，该句描述的是过去发生的事情，所以此处使用一般过去时，表示“历经”为动词take，使用动词过去式形式took作定语从句的谓语，表示“数百年”为hundreds of years，表示“修建”为construct，表示“历经多久做某事”为take some time to do sth.，且construct与逻辑主语之间为被动关系，所以此处使用不定式的被动形式，定语从句为which took hundreds of years to be constructed；表示“不再”为no longer；表示“繁荣景象”为prosperous作表语，所以谓语动词为be动词，表示“和……一样……”为as...as...，表示“昔日”为it used to be，表示“虽”为although引导让步状语从句，所以，“如今虽无昔日繁荣之景”可译为although this canal is no longer as prosperous as it used to be，句首单词的首字母要大写；表示“但仍然是横跨东西的重要水路”为主句，表示“仍然是重要水路”可译为it is still an important waterway，表示“横跨东西的”为 run from the east to the west，此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰waterway，run与waterway之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词running作后置定语修饰waterway，所以主句翻译为it is still an important waterway running from the east to the west。故翻译为Although this canal, which took hundreds of years to be constructed, is no longer as prosperous as it used to be, it is still an important waterway running from the east to the west. 19．无论遇到什么困难，他都保持开朗乐观，相信黑暗中总有一线光明。(汉译英) 【答案】No matter what difficulties he encounters, he remains cheerful and optimistic, believing that every cloud has a silver lining. 【详解】考查让步状语从句、宾语从句、动词、形容词和非谓语动词。句子应该是介绍通常的情况，时态宜用一般现在时；“无论遇到什么困难”可用no matter what“无论什么”引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母大写，从句隐含的主语“他”用代词he，谓语“遇到”可用动词encounter，encounter需用第三人称单数形式，宾语“困难”可用名词difficulties，difficulties需置于what之后；主句的主语“他”用代词he，“保持”可用系动词remain，remain需用第三人称单数形式，表语“开朗乐观”可用形容词cheerful和optimistic，两者之间用并列连词and连接；“相信”可用动词believe，用非谓语的形式作句子的状语，believe和he逻辑上是主动关系，因此用其现在分词形式；“黑暗中总有一线光明”是believe的具体内容，可用that引导名词性从句作其宾语，这句谚语应表述为every cloud has a silver lining。故可译为：No matter what difficulties he encounters, he remains cheerful and optimistic, believing that every cloud has a silver lining. 20．尽管加速通过黄灯能省点时间，但这种行为很可能引发严重的交通事故。(While)(汉译英) 【答案】While speeding through a yellow light might save a little time, this behavior is likely to result in a serious traffic accident. 【详解】考查状语从句。句子应用while引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”；“加速通过黄灯”英文表达为speed through a yellow light，从句中作主语，speed需要使用动名词形式；“能省点时间”英文表达为might save a little time；“这种行为”英文表达为this behavior；“很可能”英文表达为be likely to；“引发严重的交通事故”英文表达为result in a serious traffic accident。故翻译为While speeding through a yellow light might save a little time, this behavior is likely to result in a serious traffic accident. 21．虽然这部经典老片在1998年首映，但当它本月重新上映时，依然在影迷中引起了极大的反响。(release) (汉译英) 【答案】Although this classic film was first released in 1998, it still generated/aroused/caused a huge response/feedback among fans when it was re-released this month. 【详解】考查时态，让步状语从句，时间状语从句和动词。整句描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，“虽然这部经典老片在1998年首映”用Although引导的让步状语从句，“这部经典老片”译为this classic film，“上映”用动词release，和主语之间是被动关系，用被动语态，所以前半句译为Although this classic filmwas first released in 1998，“但当它本月重新上映时”用when引导的时间状语从句，“重新上映”用动词re-release，所以时间状语从句译为when it was re-released this month，“引起极大的反响”译为generate/arouse/cause a huge response/feedback，“在影迷中”译为among fans，所以主句译为it still generated/aroused/caused a huge response/feedback among fans。故整句翻译为Although this classic filmwas first released in 1998, it still generated/aroused/caused a huge response/feedback among fans when it was re-released this month. 22．这位知名作家推荐的书广受追捧，现已售罄。（so）（汉译英） 【答案】The book recommended by this famous author is so popular that it is now out of stock/sold out. 【详解】考查状语从句、过去分词以及固定短语。根据句意，该句讲述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，结合提示的so可知，该句使用“so…that…”引导的结果状语从句；表示“这位知名作家推荐的书”作主语，表示“书”为the book，表示“知名作家推荐的”为定语修饰the book，recommend by this famous author与主语the book之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词短语作定语，即the book recommended by this famous author，位于句首单词首字母需大写；表示“广受追捧”可理解为“如此受欢迎”为so popular作表语，谓语动词为is；表示“现已售罄”为it is now out of stock或者it is now sold out，后者为一般现在时的被动语态。故翻译为The book recommended by this famous author is so popular that it is now out of stock/sold out. 23．他如此全神贯注于那本引人入胜的小说，以至于没有注意到妈妈已经走进房间。(汉译英) . 【答案】He was so absorbed in the fascinating novel that he didn’t notice his mother had entered the room. 【详解】考查短语、时态、宾语从句和状语从句。“如此……以至于……”用短语so...that...，引导结果状语从句；“全神贯注于”用短语be absorbed in；“引人入胜的小说”翻译为fascinating novel；“注意到”用动词notice，后接宾语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用连接词that或省略。“走进房间”翻译为enter the room。主句陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。动词enter发生在过去动作notice之前，所以用过去完成时。故翻译为He was so absorbed in the fascinating novel that he didn’t notice his mother had entered the room. 24．他的古画修复水平如此之高，使得那幅尘封已久的画作重现光彩。（such）（汉译英） 【答案】His skill of restoring the ancient paintings has reached such a level that he has made the one covered under the dust for a long time/the long buried one regain/ return to its former glory. His skill of restoring the ancient paintings has reached such a level that he has restored the one covered under the dust for a long time to its former glamour. 【详解】考查名词短语、动词、结果状语从句和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“他修复古画的技巧”应为名词短语His skill of restoring the ancient paintings；表示“达到”为动词reach；后接such…that…引导的结果状语从句，表示“水平”为名词level；在从句中，表示“使得”为动词make，表示“那幅尘封已久的画作”可译为the one covered under the dust for a long time，表示“回到，重回”应为动词短语return to或restore...to...；表示“昔日的辉煌”应为名词短语its former glory。结合句意可知，该句主句应为现在完成时，从句为一般过去时。故翻译为：His skill of restoring the ancient paintings has reached such a level that he has made the one covered under the dust for a long time return to its former glory. 25．就像那个小册子介绍的那样，这里的司机有礼让行人的习惯。（as) (汉译英) 【答案】The drivers here are used to being polite to pedestrians as the brochure introduces. Or Divers here all have the habit of patiently waiting for pedestrians to go first as instructed in the booklet. 【详解】考查时态、定语从句和固定短语。结合语境应用一般现在时。根据汉语意思“礼让行人”可知短语为be polite to pedestrians/ patiently wait for pedestrians to go first；表示“习惯于做某事”可用be used to doing sth；表示“有……的习惯”可用have the habit of doing sth；所以“这里的司机有礼让行人的习惯”可译为The drivers here are used to being polite to pedestrians/Divers here all have the habit of patiently waiting for pedestrians to go first。表示“正如”可用as引导定语从句或方式状语从句，“就像那个小册子介绍的那样”可译为as the brochure introduces/as instructed in the booklet。故翻译为The drivers here are used to being polite to/giving way to/yielding to pedestrians as the brochure introduces. 或者Divers here all have the habit of patiently waiting for pedestrians to go first as instructed in the booklet。 26．她认为通过不断学习新技能，就能够应对工作中的复杂任务，从而更好地实现职业发展。（attain）（汉译英） 【答案】She believes that by constantly learning new skills, she can tackle complex tasks at work so that she can better attain professional growth. 【详解】考查宾语从句和动词短语。根据句意，“认为”和“能够应对”为现在的状态和能力，主句及从句使用一般现在时； “她”为she作主语，位于句首首字母大写，“认为”为believes（第三人称单数），表示“她认为”为主句She believes；表示“通过不断学习新技能，就能够应对工作中的复杂任务，从而更好地实现职业发展”为宾语从句作believes的宾语，从句中不缺句子成分，且句意完整，所以使用连词that引导；表示“通过不断学习新技能”为by constantly learning new skills作方式状语，表示“能够应对”为can tackle，“复杂任务”为complex tasks，“在工作中”为at work，所以，“她就能够应对工作中的复杂任务”为she can tackle complex tasks at work；表示“从而更好地实现职业发展”为so that引导目的状语从句，表示“更好地实现”为better attain，“职业发展”为professional growth作宾语，所以目的状语从句为so that she can better attain professional growth。故翻译为She believes that by constantly learning new skills, she can tackle complex tasks at work so that she can better attain professional growth. 27．家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(for fear) （汉译英） 【答案】Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen. 【详解】考查状语从句。根据“以免”可知，这里为主从复合句，应用for fear that...引导目的状语从句，故“以免遭遇不测”可译为for fear that something terrible might happen。主句中，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语“家长”可译为parents；“嘱咐”可译为ask，ask sb. (not) to do sth.表示“嘱咐某人（不）做某事”，不定式作宾补；“在河边嬉戏”可译为play by the river。故本句可翻译为：Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen. 28．申请材料需要精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确地了解。 （in order that）（汉译英） 【答案】The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【详解】考查从句，情态动词和语态。分析句子可知，“申请材料需要精心准备”是主句，主语application“申请”，根据句意用复数，表示特指，谓语动词prepare“准备”，主谓之间是被动关系，should“应该”符合句意，故主句译为：The applications should be carefully prepared，in order that“为了”引导目的状语从句“你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确地了解”，从句主语the school，用“you like”作定语，修饰the school，从句中作宾语，用关系代词可以省略，“才会对你的能力有全面、准确地了解”译为have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities，can“可以，会”。故答案为The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 29．如果你用更短的时间对客户的需求了如指掌，你将有更大的可能成功申请到销售经理的职位。（likely）（汉译英） 【答案】If it takes you a shorter time to know exactly/perfectly/be well-informed of customers’ needs, you will be more likely to succeed in applying for a position as sales manager. 【详解】考查条件状语从句，时态，主谓一致和固定短语。“如果你用更短的时间对客户的需求了如指掌”用if引导的条件状语从句，时态用一般现在时表将来，“更短的时间做某事”是固定短语it takes you a shorter time to do sth.，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，“对……了如指掌”是know exactly/perfectly/be well-informed of，“客户的需求”是customers’ needs，“你将有更大的可能成功申请到销售经理的职位”用一般将来时，“有更大的可能做某事”是be more likely to do，“成功做某事”是succeed in doing，“申请”是apply for，用动名词作宾语，“销售经理的职位”是a position as sales manager，因此整句话翻译为“If it takes you a shorter time to know exactly/perfectly/be well-informed of customers’ needs, you will be more likely to succeed in applying for a position as sales manager”，故答案为If it takes you a shorter time to know exactly/perfectly/be well-informed of customers’ needs, you will be more likely to succeed in applying for a position as sales manager. 30．不必焦虑，包粽子虽看似复杂，其实只要依循步骤操作，便能轻松掌握这一传统手艺。(craft)(汉译英) 【答案】There is no need to worry, because making Zongzi seems complex, but in fact we will be able to master this traditional craft with ease as long as we follow the directions. Don’t be anxious. Although making Zongzi seems complicated, in fact, as long as you follow the instructions, you can easily master this traditional craft. 【详解】考查固定句式、原因状语从句、条件状语从句和短语。“不必焦虑”可使用固定句式“there is no need to worry”，描述一般性事实用一般现在时态。“包粽子虽看似复杂，其实只要依循步骤操作，便能轻松掌握这一传统手艺”是不必焦虑的原因，可处理成because引导的原因状语从句，其中“包粽子虽看似复杂”是从句中的分句，主语“包粽子”用动名词短语“making Zongzi”，“看似复杂”用“seem complex”，是系表结构，描述一般性事实用一般现在时态seems complex；“其实只要依循步骤操作，便能轻松掌握这一传统手艺”是并列分句，与前一分句之间有转折关系，用连词but连接，“其实”用介词短语“in fact”作状语，“只要依循步骤操作，便能轻松掌握这一传统手艺”需要处理为带条件状语从句的主从复合句，主句“便能轻松掌握这一传统手艺”中补充主语we，译为we will be able to master this traditional craft with ease，条件状语从句“只要依循步骤操作”可译为as long as we follow the directions。综上，全句译为：There is no need to worry, because making Zongzi seems complex, but in fact we will be able to master this traditional craft with ease as long as we follow the directions. 三、真题演练 2022年秋考 This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry specific materials Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences, (27) ________they may use to enhance a firm. 27 which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此处考查的是定语从句，their frustrations and negative experiences 在后面的从句中作宾语，属于事物，故填入which。句意:与消费者的对话也有助于识别他们的沮丧和负面体验，他们可能会利用这些来增强公司。 2022年春考 The light is called the aurora. Usually you can see it only at the very north of the earth,(23)_______it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. 23.where [解析]考查定语从句。根据后面的“or at the very south,where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights.”可知此处同样是一个定语从句，也是用关系副词where 作后面从句的地点状语。故填入 where。句意:通常，你只能在地球的最北边看到它，在那里它被称为北极光，或者在地球的最南边，它被称为南极光。 2021年秋考 Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 people had become seriously ill.. 28. which 【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构分析，可知该空所在句子为非限制性定语，修饰上旬所述相关情况，再结合句意分析，此处主要强调的是相关的时间，又因为该空前有介词 by，故需要用 by which 代替 when 充当引导词，故此处填入 which。 2021年春考 Otherwise, you'll need to find a local studio(25)______ can be expensive. 25.which /that 【解析】.考查定语从句。这里which/that代替前面的先行词studio在从句中作主语。句意为：“否则，你需要找到一个当地的工作室，这可能是昂贵的。” 2020年秋考 This would be impossible (28)___without_____ clocks and watches, (29)________ are all around us: on walls, on our wrists, on our PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPod's. 29.which [解析]考查非限制性定语从句，横线之前说到了钟表和手表，横线之后说，“在我们周围的:在墙上和我们手腕上”，可知是对前一句话的补充解说，which引导的定语从句，修饰前一句话末尾的“clocks and watches”，which 充当主语的成分。 2020年春考 The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and the two brothers were tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) _________ (23) they were challenged to a ball game. 23. where 【解析】考查定语从句。空前为主句the two brothers were tricked into... Xibalba (the underworld)，空后为定语从句they were challenged to a ball game修饰地点名词Xibalba，所以此处用关系副词where 代替in Xibalba 在从句中作状语。 2019年秋考 Orissa is the home three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species (23)threatened (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, (24) __________ around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world’s largest nesting sites. 24.where [解析]考查限制性定语从句。根据句意:“奥里萨岛是奥利弗海龟的三个大规模筑巢地，这是一个濒临灭绝的物种，其中之一，盖赫马塔每年约有七千万到八千万只海龟在海滩上产卵，被认为是世界上最大的筑巢地之一。”由此句意和结构分析可知,此处缺少一个引导定语从句的关系词,又因为先行词为 Gahirmatha表示一个地点，故用关系副词 where，相当于 in which=in the place 2019年春考 So ambition and the timely realization (21) ________ he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. 21. that 【21题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他自己决定自己要做什么的雄心和及时觉悟督促他自己找到未来的方向。分析句子可知，he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own为限制性定语从句修饰先行词So ambition and the timely realization，从句缺乏have 的宾语，故用关系代词that或者which。 2018年秋考 Sometimes, the parents (28 )_________complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. 28.that/who [解析]考查定语从句。定语从句，that 充当从句中的主语。 2018年春考 The rooms (30) ______ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. 30. where 30.where[解析]考查定语从句。where 引导的句子主谓宾齐全，少了地点状语用 where 作不及物动词 live 的地点状语，where 相当于 in which。因此正确答案为 where。 2022年秋考 An entrepreneur can determine (26) __________ other businesses in the area are doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. 26.what 【解析】考查宾语从句。该段回答的问题是“企业家如何识别商业前景”，根据后面的"how they succeed(他们是如何成功的)”可以推测出这里要表达的意思是“其他企业在做什么"，故填入what。句意:企业家可以通过进行竞争分析来确定该地区的其他企业在做什么以及他们是如何成功的。 2022年春考 People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora , and they can never be sure ( 29)_______it will happen .But (30) _______________do see it say that they will never forget it. 29.that [解析]考查宾语从句。根据 be sure 后面的 it will happen，判定从句作的是宾语的成分，故此处用 that 引导宾语从句，填入 that。句意:人们千里迢迢去看极光,却永远无法确定它是否会发生。 30.whoever [解析]考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知此句缺主语，而后面宾语从句的主语为 they，再结合前面提到的“人们千里迅通去看极光”，说明极光很受欢迎，可以推测出这里的句意为“但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它”，也就是“无论是谁看到了它都说永远不会忘记它”，故填入 whoever。句意:但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它。 2021年春考 This will allow you to see(29)________genres（类型）work for your group. 29. what [解析] 考查宾语从句。what引导的从句作see的宾语，也就是宾语从句。而且what是代词性质，在从句中也作从句主语genres的限制语。而且根据句意：“这将让你看到什么类型的作品为您的小组使用。”这里用what为正确答案。 2020年春考 The story also supports the idea (30) _________ the ball game was sometimes used for the purposes of divination. 30. that 【解析】考查名词性从句——同位语从句。空前The story also supports the idea，空后the ball game was sometimes used for the purposes of divination刚好是idea的内容，符合同位语从句的特征，故用同位语从句连接词that。句意：这个故事也支持了球类比赛有时被用于占卜的观点。 2018年春考 I have seen (25) ______ vigorously they grow without me. 25.how[解析]考查宾语从句。seen 后面的句子主谓宾结构完整，根据句意知应为如何在没有我的情况下苗壮成长。 2018年秋考 What we can say is that this is (23 )_______the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it's not just one pattern. 23.what [解析]考查表语从句。what 在表语从句中充当 look like 的宾语。 2021年春考 (22)_______ talented you've been in music it's still not easy to organize a band, but here's a quick guide to get you started: 22. However 22. 考查让步状语从句。这是一个并列复合句。首先是but引导的并列句进行语意转折。然后判定前面也是句子，但是前面是两个句子，这两个句子需要用一个连词引导起来。根据句意：“即使你天生才华横溢，组织一支乐队仍然不是件容易的事，但这里有一个让你开始的快速指南……”，因此这里需要用到让步类的连词符合句意。 2020年秋考 One of the earliest-known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used throughout the world today, 15,000 years (21)________ it was first invented. 2l.after [解析]考查时间状语从句，bow and arrow n. (一副)箭，句意为:号和简是最早的发明之一，在它被发明的 15000 多年后的今天仍然被使用。after + 一段时间，引导时间状语从句，“在多久以后”。 2020年春考 (21)_________ it is more than just a game, the event could have a religious significance and featured in episodes of Mesoamerican mythology. 21. Although/ Though/ While 【解析】考查状语从句。本空引导状语从句the event is more than just a game，主句为it could have a religious significance and featured in episodes of Mesoamerican mythology，前后为让步关系。句意：虽然这不仅仅只是一场游戏，它可能具有宗教意义，并成为中美洲神话故事的特色。 2019年春考 In April of 1997, Jason went back to Rule Gallery with his new work. (29) ________ scared to death, he looked confident at the gallery meeting. 29. Although 【29题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：尽管害怕的要死，但是在展览会上看起来信心满满。分析句子可知，前后句属于转折让步关系，故用连词Although。 2018年秋考 Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids (30 )_________ __________it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it. 30.even if/though [解析]考查让步状语从句。Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids - even if it means playing the bad guy. 2需要限制他们自己，特别是他们的孩子的屏幕时间，即使这意味着他们要扮演坏人。 2018年春考 (24) ______ ______ I have those hours back, I can focus on my own needs. 24. now that [解析]考查状语从句。此句需要一个连接词将前后两个句子连控起来，因为这个句子之间是逗号，所有缺少连词。根据句意:既然我能够让那些时间倒回，我就可以专注于自己的需求。因此正确答案为 Now that。 2017年秋考 Scientists think that animals companionship is beneficial 25__________ animals are accepting and attentive, and they don’t criticize or give orders. 25. because/as/ since [解析]考查状语从句与连词。 Scientists think that animals companionship is beneficial because animals are accepting and attentive科学家认为动物陪伴是有益的因为动物接受和关注。前后两句之间为因果关系。 3 / 68 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $