Unit 2 Natural disasters 重点词汇归纳 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版必修第三册

学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Unit 2 · 1. injure v. 使受伤，弄伤；伤害 She injured her arm in the accident. [词形转换] 1）injured adj. 受伤的；委屈的 be/ get seriously/ slightly injured 受重伤/轻伤 2）injury n. 损伤；伤害 do sb. an injury 伤害某人（= do an injury to sb.） Don’t do that. You’ll do yourself an injury. [易混辨析] injure/ hurt/ wound/ harm 易混词 用法 例句 injure 尤指因意外事故使身体某部位受到伤害，强调身体部位受到损伤 Five people were injured in the car crash. 撞车事故中有五人受伤。 hurt 指对身体造成伤害，一般会引起疼痛；也指情感方面受伤，日常英语中，hurt更常用 Emma hurt her back when she fell off her horse. 爱玛从马上摔下来，背部受了伤。 wound 尤指在战争或殴打中受到刀、枪等武器的伤害 The bullet wounded him in the shoulder. 子弹打伤了他的肩膀。 harm 指伤害人的健康、权利、事业等 Smoking does harm to your health. 吸烟损害你的健康。 · 2. reaction n. 反应 in reaction to… 对…做出反应 A spokesman said the changes were not in reaction to the company’s recent losses. [词形转换] 1）react v. ① 起反应；回应；过敏 react to sth. (by doing sth.)（通过做某事）对…做出反应 react to… 对…过敏 People can react badly to some food. react against 对抗… ② 起化学反应 react with… 与…起化学反应 Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. · 3. crash 1）v. 碰撞；坠毁；暴跌；（计算机、系统等）崩溃；（体育比赛）惨败 crash into… 撞上… The cars crashed into each other. 2）n. 碰撞；撞击 a car/ plane 车祸/飞机失事 · 4. signal 1）n. 信号；暗号；预示；标志；指示灯 Hunger is the body’s signal that levels of blood sugar are too low. send/ give a signal 发出信号 2）v. 发信号；示意；表示 signal (to) sb. to do sth. 示意某人做某事 Mary pointed at the chair, signaling me to sit next to her. signal for… 示意要… He pushed his plate away and signaled for coffee. · 5. confirm v. 证实，证明；确认；批准 It is/ has been confirmed that… 据证实… It has been confirmed that laughter brings great physical and psychological benefits to our body. [词形转换] 1）confirmation n. 证实；确认书 2）confirmed adj. 坚定的；根深蒂固的 · 6. occur v. 发生；出现 occur to sb.（主意或想法）浮现于某人的脑海中；被某人想到 The same idea had occurred to Elizabeth. It occurs/ occurred to sb. that… 某人想到/想起… It occurred to be suddenly that I had met him somewhere. [词形转换] 1）occurrence n. 发生；出现 [易混辨析] occur/ happen 易混词 用法 occur 正式用语，指“按计划使某事发生或某事偶然发生”，通常所指的时间和时间都比较确定，在具体时间作主语时，可与happen互换 happen 为常用语，指“一切客观事物或情况偶然或未能预见地发生” · 7. relief n. 减轻，缓解；救济品；宽慰；轻松 in/ with relief 如释重负 to one’s relief 令某人欣慰的是 To our great relief, the accident caused little damage. [词形转换] 1）relieve v. 解除，缓和（不快或痛苦）；减轻（问题的严重性）；缓解 relieve sb. of sth. 替某人拿某物；帮助某人减轻（负担） Let me relieve you of some or your bags. 2）relieved adj. 宽慰的；放心的 · 8. destructive adj. 毁灭性的 [词形转换] 1）destruction n. 毁灭 2）destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 First, this can destroy an artist’s career. · 9. inform v. 通知，告知；对…有影响 inform sb. of/ about sth. 告知某人某事 It was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried. keep sb. informed of sth. Please keep us informed of the status of this project. [词形转换] 1）informed adj. 明智的；有见识的；见多识广的；消息灵通的 2）well-informed adj.（对某一问题）非常熟悉的；知识渊博的 3）information n. 信息；情报 4）informative adj. 提供信息的；给予知识的 · 10. shock 1）n. 震惊 be in shock 吃惊地 He’s now in shock after witnessing the accident. give sb. a shock 使某人震惊 It will give him a shock when he knows how much you’ve spent. 2）vt. 使震惊（shock sb. 使某人震惊） be shocked by/ at 对…震惊 We were all shocked at the news of his death. [词形转换] 1）shocked adj. 感到震惊的 2）shocking adj. 令人震惊的 · 11. scare 1）v. 使害怕；惊吓 scare sb. 使某人受到惊吓 You scared me. It scares sb. to do 做某事使某人害怕 It scares me to think I was alone in the building. scare sb. into doing 威胁某人做某事 Local business were scared into paying protection money. scare sb. to death 把某人吓死 2）n. 惊恐；恐慌 Don’t you realize what a scare you’ve given us all ? [词形转换] 1）scared adj. 害怕的 be scared of 害怕… 2）scary adj. 可怕的 · 12. power 1）n. 力量；权力；政权；能量；能力；强国 in power 当权的 The president of the country was thought well of when he was in power. come/ rise to power 掌权；上台执政 The party which won the election came to power. beyond one’s power 某人无权/能力 in/ within one’s power 某人有权/能力 2）v. 驱动；给…提供动力 The aircraft is powered by a jet engine. [词形变化] 1）powerful adj. 强大的；有势力的 2）powerless adj. 无能为力的；无影响力的；无权利的 [易混辨析] power/ energy/ force/ strength 易混词 含义 例句 power 指控制力、影响力、权力等精神力量；物理学中指“功率” The party came to power at the last election. 这个政党在上次大选中当选执政。 energy 指人的精力、活力；也指能源；物理学中指“能量” She is always full of energy. 她总是充满活力。 force 指外力、强迫力、破坏力（包括武力）；物理学中指使物体运动的“力” The rioters were taken away by force. 聚众闹事者被强行带走。 strength 指人体或物体内存在的力，如力气、耐力、抵抗力等 She didn’t even have the strength to stand. 她甚至连站着的力气都没有了。 · 13. supply 1）n. 供应；补给 a supply of/ supplies of… …的供应 be in short supply 供应不足 2）vt. 供应；供给 supply sb. with sth. 为某人供应某物 He kept me well supplied with cups of coffee while I was writing the report. supply sth. to sb. 把某物提供给某人 The universities are now supplying a wider range of courses to students for them to choose. [归纳拓展] provide/ offer/ supply 易混词 用法 provide provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 provide sth. for/ to sb. 把某物提供给某人 supply supply sb. with sth. supply sth. to sb. offer offer sb. sth. offer sth. to sb. offer to do · 14. donate v. 捐赠；捐献 donate sth. to sb./ sth. 把某物捐给某人 The retired old man donated most of his savings to the school. [词形转换] 1）donation n. 捐助；捐赠物 make a donation to… 向…捐款 I’d like to make a small donation to charity in my mother’s name. 2）donator n. 捐赠者；献血者 · 15. flood 1）n. 洪水；水量 be in flood（河水）上涨，泛滥 The river is in flood. in floods of tears 泪如泉涌 The child was in floods of tears. a flood of…/ floods of… 大量的 2）vi. 淹没；大量涌入 flood in/ into… 涌进；大量涌入 Donations began flooding in from hundreds of people. 3）vt. 使灌满水；淹没 flood…with… 用…充满…（常用被动be flooded with） The morning sun flooded the room with a gentle light. 4）v.（感觉或回忆）涌上心头；（光线）倾泻，照亮；（某物）大量涌来 flood over/ back（感觉或回忆）涌上心头，涌现 Memories of my time in Shanghai flooded back. · 16. erupt v.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出；（暴力、愤怒等）突然发作 erupt into 突然变为或发展成（更坏的事） My father just erupted into fury. [词形转换] 1）eruption n. 爆发；突发 · 17. distance 1）n. ① 距离；远方；遥远 in the distance 在远处；在远方 at/ from a distance (of…) 从远处；离一段距离 The railway station is at a distance of two miles from our school. ② 冷淡，疏远 keep sb. at a distance 同某人疏远，对某人冷淡，与某人保持一定距离 It was very difficult to get to know Anne because she always kept everyone at a distance. 2）v. 撇清和…的关系，使与…保持距离 distance yourself (from sb./ sth.) 使自己（与…）保持距离 When he retired, he tried to distance himself from politics. [词形转换] 1）distant adj. 疏远的；远亲的；冷淡的 be distant from… 离…远；与…不同 · 18. rescue 1）n. 救援；营救 come/ go to one’s rescue 搭救某人 His father came to his rescue and lent him the money. 2）v. 营救；解救 rescue…from… 从…拯救… She managed to rescue the boy from burning house. · 19. sharp adj. 敏锐的；锋利的；（变化）猛烈的；刺耳的；严厉的 be sharp with sb. 对某人严厉 Through all the noise came a sharp warning. [词形转换] 1）sharpen v. 使提高，使改进；（使）锋利 I hope this course will help me sharpen my computer skills. 2）sharply adv. 急剧地；大幅度地；严厉地 3）sharpener n. 卷笔刀 · 20. locate v. 找出…的准确位置；把…安置在/建造于… The mechanic located the fault immediately. [词形转换] 1）location n. 位置；地点 The first thing he looked at was his office’s location. 2）relocate v.（使）搬迁；迁移 3）located adj. 位于… be located in/ at… 位于 Their house is located in the north of the city. · 21. retire v. 退休 retire from… 从…退休 She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health. retire as… 作为…退休 He has no plans to retire as editor of the magazine. [词形转换] 1）retirement n. 退休 take retirement 退休 Susan is going to take early retirement. 2）retired adj. 退休的 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $