第四讲 数词-2026年中考英语一轮复习 语法重难点专项突破（语法讲义+配套练习）（全国通用）

中考核心语法·精练 第四讲 数词 2026年中考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、基数词构成与用法表 此表格梳理基数词从 1 到 “几百几” 的构成规则，以及在数量、编号、时间等场景的核心用法，是数词基础应用的关键依据。 类别 规则说明 示例 构成规则 1. 1-12：独立词汇 2. 13-19：个位数 + teen（13 thirteen、15 fifteen、18 eighteen 特殊） 3. 整十数（20-90）：个位数 + ty（20 twenty、30 thirty、40 forty、50 fifty、80 eighty 特殊） 4. 几十几：整十数 +“-”+ 个位数 5. 几百几：基数词 + hundred + and + 末两位数字 1. one, two...twelve 2. fourteen, sixteen 3. sixty, seventy 4. 21 twenty-one、55 fifty-five 5. 288 two hundred and eighty-eight 核心用法 1. 表数量 / 年龄 2. 表编号（名词 + 基数词） 3. 表时间 / 年份 4. 特殊搭配： - in one’s + 整十基数词复数（表 “某人几十岁时”） - 复合形容词（基数词 + 名词单数 / 基数词 + 名词单数 + 形容词） 5. 时间表达（整点 />30 分钟 /<30 分钟 / 15 分钟 / 顺读法） 1. twelve students（12 个学生）、16 years old（16 岁） 2. Lesson One（第一课）、Room 802（802 号房） 3. in 1998（1998 年）、at 6 o’clock（6 点） 4. in my twenties（我二十多岁时）、a two-month holiday（两个月假期）、a 100-metre-long bridge（100 米长的桥） 5. 3:30 half past three、4:40 twenty to five、5:15 a quarter past five、7:50 seven fifty 注意事项： 1. 表达 “几百几” 时，hundred 后需加 and（美式英语可省略，但英式英语通常保留）； 2. 复合形容词中，名词必须用单数（错误：a two-months holiday，正确：a two-month holiday）； 3. 时间表达中，“分钟> 30” 时用 “to”，且小时需加 1（如 4:40 不可说 forty past four，需说 twenty to five）。 二、序数词构成与缩写表 此表格整理序数词的构成规则（含特殊变化）及缩写形式，结合记忆口诀帮助快速掌握 “基数词变序数词” 的规律。 类别 规则 示例 构成规则 1. 1-3：不规则变化 2. 4-19：基数词 + th（5 five→fifth、8 eight→eighth、9 nine→ninth、12 twelve→twelfth 特殊） 3. 整十数：y 变 ie+th 4. 21 及以上：仅变个位数为序数词 1. one→first、two→second、three→third 2. four→fourth、sixteen→sixteenth 3. twenty→twentieth、thirty→thirtieth 4. 21 twenty-one→twenty-first、55 fifty-five→fifty-fifth 缩写形式 阿拉伯数字 + 序数词最后两个字母 first→1st、seventeenth→17th、twenty-second→22nd、thirty-third→33rd 规则说明： （附记忆口诀：基变序，有规律，后面 th 加上去；1,2,3 特殊记，8 加 h，9 去 e；ve 要用 f 替，见 y 变成 i 和 e；若是遇上几十几，只变个位就可以） 注意事项： 1. 序数词前通常加定冠词 the，但有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时，不加 the（错误：my the second book，正确：my second book）； 2. 特殊变化的序数词（如 fifth、eighth）需单独记忆，避免混淆（如 8 变序数词不可说 eightth，需说 eighth）； 3. 几十几变序数词时，仅个位变，十位保持基数词形式（错误：twenty-first 不可说 twentieth-first）。 三、分数与百分数表达表 此表格明确分数的分子、分母构成规则及特殊分数表达，同时补充百分数的用法，解决 “比例描述” 类语法问题。 类别 规则说明 示例 分数 1. 基本结构：分子（基数词）+ 分母（序数词） 2. 分子 > 1 时，分母用复数 3. 特殊分数：1/2=a half、1/4=a quarter（=one fourth）、3/4=three quarters（=three fourths） 1. 1/5 one fifth、2/3 two thirds、3/4 three fourths 2. 5/6 five sixths（分子 5>1，分母 six 变 sixths） 3. 1/2 a half、1/4 a quarter 百分数 结构：基数词 + percent（percent 无复数形式） 5% five percent、20% twenty percent、50% fifty percent 注意事项： 1. 分数作主语时，谓语动词单复数由分数修饰的名词决定（如 Two thirds of the water is clean. 水不可数，谓语用 is；Two thirds of the students are here. 学生可数，谓语用 are）； 2. percent 后不可加 s（错误：fifty percents，正确：fifty percent）； 3. 特殊分数 “1/4” 和 “3/4” 优先用 quarter 表达（更符合英语习惯），避免说 one fourth 或 three fourths（虽正确，但日常使用较少）。 四、确数词与概数词（hundred/thousand/million/billion）用法表 此表格区分概数词 “表具体数量” 与 “表不确切数量” 的两种用法，是避免概数词使用错误的核心参考。 类型 规则说明 示例 表具体数量 基数词（不加 s，不加 of）+ 名词 600 本书 six hundred books、200 万美元 two million dollars、3 千棵树 three thousand trees 表不确切数量 概数词 + s+of（不加基数词）+ 名词 数千人 thousands of people、数百棵树 hundreds of trees、数百万美元 millions of dollars 注意事项： 1. 概数词不可同时加基数词和 of（错误：two hundreds of books，正确：two hundred books 或 hundreds of books）； 2. 表示 “确切数量” 时，概数词无论数字多大，均用单数（错误：five thousands，正确：five thousand）； 3. 概数词 + s+of 修饰名词时，名词需用复数（错误：thousands of tree，正确：thousands of trees）。 一、单句语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·云南玉溪·三模）China is the nation which sent Chang’e VI to the far side of the moon. (one) 【答案】first 【详解】句意：中国是第一个将嫦娥六号发送到月球背面的国家。根据“China is the...nation...”可知，此处是指第一个国家，应用one的序数词形式first“第一”。故填first。 2．（2025·黑龙江牡丹江·二模）Two (three) of the water in the river is polluted. 【答案】thirds 【详解】句意：这条河里三分之二的水被污染了。根据“Two...of the water”可知，此处是指“三分之二”的水被污染。分数的表达为：分子是基数词，分母是序数词，当分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。分子是two，此时的分母应是序数词third的复数形式thirds。故填thirds。 3．（2025·云南昆明·三模）December 20th, 2024 marks the anniversary (周年) of Macao’s return to China. (twenty-five) 【答案】twenty-fifth 【详解】句意：2024年12月20日是澳门回归中国的二十五周年。根据“anniversary (周年) of Macao’s return to China”可知，此处指第二十五周年，应该用序数词。故填twenty-fifth。 4．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）Five of the population in this factory is women. (twelve) 【答案】twelfths 【详解】句意：这家工厂十二分之五的人是妇女。提示词是基数词“十二”，句中要使用分数表示“十二分之五的人口”：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，如果分子大于1，分母要加-s，分母“twelve”需变为序数词“twelfth”，且加“s”变为复数“twelfths”，表示“十二分之五”。故填twelfths。 5．（2025·甘肃张掖·三模）In the (three) month after I joined the basketball club, I learned many new skills. 【答案】third 【详解】句意：在我加入篮球俱乐部后的第三个月，我学到了很多新技能。根据“In the month”可知，这里表示第三个月，要用序数词形式。故填third。 6．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）With the help of AI, two of the time will be saved when dealing with such problems. (three) 【答案】 thirds 【详解】句意：在人工智能的帮助下，我们处理此类问题时将节省三分之二的时间。考查分数表达。分数表达规则：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；当分子>1时，分母要加s，所以三分之二表示为“two thirds”。故填thirds。 7．（2025·云南昆明·三模）The China-Central Asia Summit was successfully held, which strengthened the cooperation between China and Central Asian countries. (two) 【答案】second/2nd 【详解】句意：第二届中国—中亚峰会成功举办，这加强了中国与中亚国家之间的合作。定冠词“The”后接序数词，two的序数词形式为second，此处表示“第二届”，故填second/2nd。 8．（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）Linda is the (five) person in her family to attend that university. 【答案】fifth 【详解】句意：琳达是她家里第五个上那所大学的人。根据“Linda is the...person...”可知，这里指第五个人，所以此处应用five的序数词fifth，故填fifth。 9．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）Bananas are the biggest crop in the world. (four) 【答案】fourth 【详解】句意：香蕉是世界上(产量)第四大的作物。根据“the”和“biggest”可知，空格处应使用序数词，表示“第……”，four的序数词为fourth。故填fourth。 10．（2025·云南昭通·二模）The Olympic Games will be held in Los Angeles in 2028. (thirty-four) 【答案】thirty-fourth/34th 【详解】句意：第三十四届奥运会将于2028年在洛杉矶举行。根据“Olympic Games”和提示词可知，此处指第三十四届奥运会，表示顺序要用序数词。thirty-four“三十四”，基数词，序数词为thirty-fourth或34th。故填thirty-fourth/34th。 11．（2025·甘肃酒泉·三模）There were eight (hundred) students taking the exams. 【答案】hundred 【详解】句意：有八百名学生参加考试。根据“eight”可知，空前有具体数字，hundred“百”要用单数。故填hundred。 12．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）My grandfather took up swimming in his (sixty) in order to stay healthy. 【答案】sixties 【详解】句意：我祖父为了保持健康，六十多岁时开始学游泳。“in one’s+整十数的复数形式”，表示“在某人几十岁的时候”，这里说在他六十多岁的时候，所以用sixties。故填sixties。 13．（2025·上海杨浦·三模）This year he won the national championship again—for the time. (four) 【答案】fourth 【详解】句意：今年他再次赢得了全国冠军——这是他第四次赢得冠军。根据“for the...time”可知，横线处需填序数词，表示“第几次”。four“四”，是基数词，其序数词形式为fourth。for the fourth time“第四次”。故填fourth。 14．（2025·云南昆明·二模）In the Twelve Chinese Zodiac Signs (十二生肖), the snake is the animal in order. (six) 【答案】sixth 【详解】句意：在中国十二生肖中，蛇是第六个动物。根据“In the Twelve Chinese Zodiac Signs (十二生肖), the snake is the…animal in order.”的语境及常识可知，蛇在十二生肖中排行第六，应用序数词sixth“第六”。故填sixth。 15．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）Of the Chinese animal signs, the snake is the (six) animal. 【答案】sixth 【详解】句意：在中国十二生肖中，蛇排在第六位。根据提示词和空前的the可知，空处应填six的序数词形式sixth“第六”。故填sixth。 二、语法选择 Passage 1 （2023·陕西宝鸡·二模）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 A report has been produced by the US Geological（地质学的） Survey. More than 1 of the world’s polar bears（北极熊） will die out by 2050, 2 global warming will have made 42 percent of the Arctic sea ice disappear. Only a very few of polar bears will be left 3 2100. Polar bears 4 floating sea ice as a platform for hunting seals（海豹）, which are their main food. Without enough ice, polar bears 5 to go onto the land, where they have difficult hunting seals. Experts say 6 bears would survive （生存）. The team of American and Canadian scientists spent six months 7 bears. Some team members fear the result is even 8 for the bears than what their report says. 9 say the Arctic is warming faster than anywhere in the world and much faster than their computers predicted. However, not everyone in the scientific community believes that global warming is happening so quickly. Another investigation has found that polar bears are still being hunted by some people. Have you ever thought about 10 to do with this problem? 1. A．two third B．second three C．two thirds D．two three 2. A．why B．that C．so D．because 3. A．on B．out C．by D．to 4. A．depends on B．depend on C．depending on D．depend in 5. A．be force B．would be forced C．be forced D．force 6. A．few B．a few C．little D．a little 7. A．studying B．study C．studied D．studies 8. A．bad B．better C．worst D．worse 9. A．They B．them C．He D．She 10. A．what should we do B．what we should do C．when should we do D．when we should do 【答案】 1. C 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了全球变暖对北极熊造成的威胁。 1. 句意：到2050年，世界上超过三分之二的北极熊将会灭绝，因为全球变暖将使42%的北极海冰消失。 two third表达错误；second three表达错误；two thirds三分之二；two three表达有误。分数的表达为：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一，分母加s。故选C。 2. 句意：到2050年，世界上超过三分之二的北极熊将会灭绝，因为全球变暖将使42%的北极海冰消失。 why为什么；that连接词，无实义；so所以；because因为。分析前后两句的关系可知，构成因果关系，前果后因，因此选because。故选D。 3. 句意：到2100年，只剩下很少的北极熊了。 on在……上面；out从……里面出去；by到……之前；to到。根据“2100”可知，此处指到2100年之前，只剩下很少的北极熊了，因此选by。故选C。 4. 句意：北极熊依靠漂浮的海冰作为捕食海豹的平台，海豹是它们的主要食物。 depends on依靠， 第三人称单数；depend on依靠，动词原形；depending on依靠，动名词；depend in表达有误。depend on为固定搭配，意为“依靠”。空格部分作谓语，主语“Polar bears”为复数，因此选depend on。故选B。 5. 句意：没有足够的冰，北极熊将被迫到陆地上，在那里它们很难捕猎海豹。 be force表达有误；would be forced将会被强迫；be forced被迫；force强迫。 主语“polar bears”与谓语动词之间构成被动关系，被动结构为“主语+be done+其他”。再根据“Without enough ice”可知是假设，句子用虚拟语气，因此选would be forced。故选B。 6. 句意：专家表示，几乎没有北极熊能存活下来。 few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；a few一些，修饰可数名词复数；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little一点，修饰不可数名词。根据“Polar bears depend on floating sea ice as a platform for hunting seals…Without enough ice, polar bears would be forced to go onto the land, where they have difficult hunting seals.”可知，没有足够的冰，北极熊将被迫到陆地上，在这样的情况下，几乎没有北极熊能存活下来，空后“bears”为可数名词复数，因此选few。故选A。 7. 句意：这个由美国和加拿大科学家组成的团队花了六个月的时间研究北极熊。 studying研究，动名词；study研究，动词原形；studied研究，过去式；studies研究，第三人称单数。“spend time (in) doing sth.”为固定搭配，意为“花时间做某事”，因此选studying。故选A。 8. 句意：一些团队成员担心，对北极熊来说，结果甚至比他们报告中所说的还要糟糕。 bad坏的；better更好的；worst最坏/糟糕的；worse更坏/糟糕的。even修饰比较级形式，再结合上文北极熊面临的情况可知，此处指更糟糕，因此选worse。故选D。 9. 句意：他们说，北极的变暖速度比世界上任何地方都快，比他们的计算机预测的要快得多。 They他们/她们/它们，主格；them他们/她们/它们，宾格；He他，主格；She她，主格。空格部分作主语， 应用主格形式；结合动词say可知，主语应该为复数形式。故选A。 10. 句意：你有没有想过我们应该做些什么来处理这个问题? what should we do我们应该做什么，疑问语序；what we should do我们应该做什么，陈述语序；when should we do我们应该什么时候做，疑问语序；when we should do我们应该什么时候做，陈述语序。空格部分作about的宾语，结合选项，可知是宾语从句，应用陈述语序，所以排除A和C。分析B和D选项可知，宾语从句中缺should do的宾语，所以此处要用what引导宾语从句。故选B。 Passage 2 （2025·陕西·模拟预测）What kind of thing is a word of four letters and it stands everywhere in nature and can 1 fresh air that is good for us humans? If you say “tree”, your answer 2 right. Almost everywhere on our mother planet, we see trees. They come in different sizes and there are so 3 kinds of them. Some are big and tall while some are low and small. But 4 know anything about the oldest tree on Earth and 5 ? Imagine having more than 9,550 birthdays! There lives a tree on Earth that 6 around for that many years. The oldest living tree on Earth began growing its roots at 7 end of the last ice age. The ice age is one of the long periods of time, tens of 8 years ago, when much of Earth’s surface was covered in ice. The tree 9 by scientists in Sweden (瑞典) in 2004. There is nothing unusual about the tree itself. The tree is a Norwegian spruce. How did the tree live so long? Please read the next part on this test paper 10 the answer. 1. A．makes B．making C．to make D．make 2. A．are B．is C．am D．be 3. A．few B．little C．many D．much 4. A．do you B．are you C．you do D．you are 5. A．where was it B．where is it C．where it was D．where it is 6. A．was B．will be C．has been D．is 7. A．an B．a C．the D．/ 8. A．thousand B．thousands C．thousand of D．thousands of 9. A．was discovered B．is discovered C．discovered D．discovers 10. A．get B．to get C．miss D．to miss 【答案】 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球上最古老的树的相关信息，包括其存在的时间、被发现的情况以及关于其长寿的一些思考。 1. 句意：什么样的一个四个字母的东西在自然界随处可见，并且能制造出对我们人类有益的新鲜空气呢？ makes动词三单形式；making动名词或现在分词；to make动词不定式；make制造，动词原形。空前为情态动词“can”，这里应用动词原形。故选D。 2. 句意：如果你说 “树”，你的答案是正确的。 are是，用于第二人称单复数现在时，第一、三人称复数现在时；is是，be的三单形式；am是，be的第一人称单数现在时；be是，动词原形。句子时态为一般现在时，且主语“your answer”是单数形式，所以谓语动词应用“is”。故选B。 3. 句意：它们大小不同，并且有很多种类。 few很少，修饰可数名词的复数形式；little很少，修饰不可数名词；many很多，修饰可数名词的复数形式；much很多，修饰不可数名词。空后“kinds”是可数名词复数形式，修饰可数名词复数用many或few，又根据语境可知树的种类很多，应用many修饰。故选C。 4. 句意：但是你知道关于地球上最古老的树以及它在哪里的一些事情吗？ do you助动词+主语；are you系动词+主语；you do主语+动词原形；you are主语+系动词。该句是一个特殊疑问句，需要用助动词“do”来提问，且主语是“you”，所以应该用“do you”。故选A。 5. 句意：但是你知道关于地球上最古老的树以及它在哪里的一些事情吗？ where was it一般过去时的特殊疑问句；where is it一般现在时的特殊疑问句；where it was一般过去时+陈述句语序；where it is一般现在时+陈述句语序。该句是一个宾语从句，应用陈述语序，且表示的是现在的状态。故选D。 6. 句意：地球上有一棵树已经存在了那么多年。 was一般过去时；will be一般将来时；has been现在完成时；is一般现在时。句中“for that many years”表示“这么多年了”，是一个表示一段时间的状语，所以句子时态应用现在完成时“has been”。故选C。 7. 句意：地球上最古老的活树是在上一次冰河时代末期开始扎根生长的。 an表泛指，不定冠词，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；a表泛指，不定冠词，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；the表特指，定冠词；/表示不填，零冠词。根据“end of the last ice age”可知，此处是指上一次冰河时代的末期，是特指，应用定冠词the。故选C。 8. 句意：冰河时代是很久以前的一个很长的时间段，几十万年前，当时地球表面的大部分都被冰覆盖着。 thousand千，名词；thousands名词复数形式；thousand of表达错误；thousands of成千上万的。根据“tens of … years ago”可知，此处是指几十万年前，是一个表示模糊数量的结构，应用“thousands of”。故选D。 9. 句意：这棵树是在2004年被瑞典的科学家发现的。 was discovered一般过去时的被动语态；is discovered一般现在时的被动语态；discovered过去式或过去分词；discovers动词三单形式。主语“The tree”与动词“discover”之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态“was discovered”。故选A。 10. 句意：请阅读这张试卷的下一部分以获得答案。 get得到，动词原形；to get动词不定式；miss错过，动词原形；to miss动词不定式。根据“Please read the next part on this test paper … the answer.”可知，这是一个祈使句，读试卷的下一部分是为了得到答案；所以，这里应用动词不定式to get作目的状语。故选B。 Passage 3 （2023·广东·一模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Have you ever wondered what it takes to be an astronaut? 1 October 2022, the astronaut Scott shared his fantastic experiences in space with some kids. Scott 2 into the astronaut training program in 1996. Then he learned to pilot a space plane. “I worked really hard on 3 ,” he said about his training. He took part in four space tasks from 1999 to 2016. His first was 4 repair trip. On his second trip, he was the task leader. In 2011, he finished his 5 task. It was a five-month stay on the International Space Station. The Space Engineering Office then chose him 6 off on a 340-day task. It would become one of 7 trips in space. The main purpose was to study what happens to the human body after a long space flight (飞行). Scott went to space. His brother, Mark, 8 on Earth. Then scientists were able to compare them 9 they are twins and have the same DNA．There’s still a lot to learn about the effects of space flights on the body. And there’s always work to be done in space. For those 10 who want to become astronauts, Scott has some advice. “Choose something that you like,” he says, “because if you like it, you’ll do better at it.” 1. A．For B．In C．On 2. A．accepts B．accepted C．was accepted 3. A．it B．its C．itself 4. A．the B．a C．an 5. A．third B．the third C．three 6. A．setting B．set C．to set 7. A．the longest B．longer C．long 8. A．stayed B．will stay C．stays 9. A．if B．unless C．because 10. A．kid B．kids C．kid’s 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了宇航员斯科特与一些孩子分享了他在太空中的奇妙经历。 1. 句意：2022年10月，宇航员斯科特与一些孩子分享了他在太空中的奇妙经历。 for为了；in在某年某月某季节；on在某一天。空格后是月份，用介词in。故选B。 2. 句意：斯科特于1996年被宇航员培训项目录取。 accepts接受，动词单三；accepted过去式；was accepted一般过去时的被动语态。主语Scott和谓语accept之间是被动关系，用被动语态be done。故选C。 3. 句意：我真的很努力。 it它；its它的；itself它自己。此处作介词的宾语用宾格it。故选A。 4. 句意：他的第一次旅行是修理。 the定冠词；a不定冠词，修饰以辅音音素开头的单词；an不定冠词，修饰以元音音素开头的单词。此处表示泛指，repair以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故选B。 5. 句意：2011年，他完成了第三次任务。 third第三；the third定冠词加序数词；three三。此处指“第三次任务”，且空格前有形容词性物主代词，不加定冠词。故选A。 6. 句意：太空工程办公室随后选择他开始一项为期340天的任务。 setting设置，动名词；set动词原形；to set动词不定式。choose sb. to do sth.“选择某人做某事”。故选C。 7. 句意：这将成为太空中最长的旅行之一。 the longest最长的，最高级；longer更长，比较级；long长的，形容词。one of the+最高级+名词复数“最……的……之一”。故选A。 8. 句意：他的兄弟马克留在了地球上。 stayed停留，动词过去式；will stay一般将来时；stays动词单三。根据“Scott went to space”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选A。 9. 句意：然后，科学家们能够对他们进行比较，因为他们是双胞胎，具有相同的DNA。 if如果；unless除非；because因为。前后两句是因果关系，前果后因，用because引导原因状语从句。故选C。 10. 句意：对于那些想成为宇航员的孩子，斯科特有一些建议。 kid孩子；kids孩子，名词复数；kid’s孩子的，名词所有格。those后加可数名词复数。故选B。 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空，使短文完整。 Deng Qingming is one of the three Chinese astronauts carrying out China’s Shenzhou-15 spaceship mission. He 1 (final) got the chance to go to space after nearly 25 years of preparation. Deng was born in a village in Jiangxi Province in 1966. As his 2 (parent) both worked in the fields, he had to look after his younger brothers and sisters. At that time, his dream was to go to college and find a job 3 (support) his family. Deng 4 (be) a member of the PLA Air Force (空军) since 1984. When he left his village that year, his friends came to say goodbye to him. He was deeply touched and decided to work hard. Years of hard 5 (train) made him an excellent pilot, and he was chosen as one of the 6 (one) group of Chinese astronauts in 1998. For a long time, Deng served as a backup (后备) astronaut. His road to space was 7 (long) than that of his teammates. He spent almost all of his time preparing and waiting and he 8 (give) the chance to travel to space in the end. Besides that, Deng’s wife supported him a lot. She 9 (take) care of the whole family and never complained. “You’ve set an example to 10 (we) daughter and we are proud of you,” she told him. After a long wait, he flew into space by Shenzhou-15 spaceship in November 2022 at last. Twenty-five years was quite a long time, but Deng never gave up. Whenever the nation needs him, he is always waiting there, ready to take on any challenge. 【答案】 1. finally 2. parents 3. to support 4. has been 5. training 6. first 7. longer 8. was given 9. took 10. our 【导语】句意：本文主要介绍了宇航员邓清明的经历。 1. 句意：经过近25年的准备，他终于有机会进入太空。此处用副词修饰动词，final的副词形式finally，意为“最终”。故填finally。 2. 句意：由于他的父母都在地里干活，他不得不照顾弟弟妹妹。根据“both”可知此处用复数形式parents。故填parents。 3. 句意：那时，他的梦想是上大学，找份工作养家。养家是找工作的目的，用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to support。 4. 句意：邓自1984年以来一直是中国人民解放军空军的一员。根据“since 1984”可知用现在完成时，区域“Deng”后接助动词has，be的过去分词形式been。故填has been。 5. 句意：多年的艰苦训练使他成为一名优秀的飞行员，并于1998年被选为中国首批宇航员之一。hard是形容词，其后接名词，train的名词形式training，意为“训练”，不可数名词。故填training。 6. 句意：多年的艰苦训练使他成为一名优秀的飞行员，并于1998年被选为中国首批宇航员之一。定冠词the后接one的序数词形式first，意为“第一”。故填first。 7. 句意：他的太空之路比他的队友要长。than前用形容词比较级longer表示“更长的”。故填longer。 8. 句意：他几乎把所有的时间都花在准备和等待上，最终他得到了去太空旅行的机会。主语“he”与动词give之间是动宾关系，结合“spent”可知用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done，主语he后用be动词was，give的过去分词given。故填was given。 9. 句意：她照顾全家，从不抱怨。根据“complained”可知用一般过去时，take的过去式took。故填took。 10. 句意：“你为我们的女儿树立了榜样，我们为你感到骄傲，”她告诉他。daughter前用we的形容词性物主代词our表示“我们的”。故填our。 Passage 2 （2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）Fill in the blanks with the grammatical knowledge according to the passage. A group of Chinese astronauts visited Hong Kong and Macao in China. They met with young people there and encouraged 1 (they) to have a dream of space exploration (探索). During the visit, the group of Chinese astronauts went to many middle schools 2 two universities in Hong Kong. They also gave a talk in Macao and met 3 (thousand) of students in both places. “The Chinese space station is 4 a home for the motherland in space,” Chen Dong said. He is one of 5 Shenzhou-14 astronauts. He hopes that he 6 (see) people from Hong Kong and Macao in the Chinese space station in the future. During a special show, Shum, a Hong Kong middle school student, felt really 7 (excite) to meet the astronauts. She thinks that the astronauts 8 (be) true heroes. “I am proud of our country and this makes me even 9 (interested) in space,” Shum said. “The visit is special and important for students,”the chief executive of the Macao SAR (澳门特别行政区行政长官) said. He thinks that China has taken the education of science and technology 10 (serious). The visit to Hong Kong and Macao was really successful. 【答案】 1. them 2. and 3. thousands 4. like 5. the 6. will see 7. excited 8. are 9. more interested 10. seriously 【导语】本文讲述了中国载人航天工程代表团走进香港和澳门，与学生进行深入交流。 1. 句意：他们在那里会见了年轻人，鼓励他们有一个太空探索的梦想。动词“encouraged”后跟代词宾格形式。them“他们”，宾格。故填them。 2. 句意：在访问期间，中国宇航员小组去了香港的多所中学和两所大学。“many middle schools”和“two universities”是并列关系，需用and连接。故填and。 3. 句意：他们还在澳门做了一次演讲，并在两地会见了数千名学生。thousands of“数以千计的”，表示一种概数。故填thousands。 4. 句意：陈东说：“中国空间站就像祖国在太空中的家。”根据“The Chinese space station is...a home”可知，此处是指中国空间站就像祖国在太空中的家，like“像”，介词。故填like。 5. 句意：他是神舟十四号的宇航员之一。“one of the...”后接可数名词的复数形式，表示某一群体中的一部分。 故填the。 6. 句意：他希望将来能在中国的空间站看到来自香港和澳门的人。根据“in the future.”可知，本句是一般将来时(will do)。故填will see。 7. 句意：在一个特别的节目中，香港中学生Shum，对见到宇航员感到非常兴奋。空处修饰人“Shum”，且位于“felt”后，用形容词excited，表示“兴奋的”。故填excited。 8. 句意：她认为宇航员是真正的英雄。本句陈述事实，用一般现在时；主语“the astronauts”是复数，be动词用are。故填are。 9. 句意：Shum说：“我为我们的国家感到骄傲，这让我对太空更感兴趣了。”“even”修饰形容词比较级，more interested“更加感兴趣的”。故填more interested。 10. 句意：他认为中国重视科技教育。take sth seriously“认真对待某事”，固定短语。故填seriously。 Passage 3 （2025·江苏苏州·三模）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many users from the US joined Xiaohongshu in January, and Chinese users jokingly asked them to pay a “cat tax (猫税)” by sharing a photo of their cats. In return, Chinese users would send the pictures of 1 (they). After looking at 2 (hundred) of cat photos, people noticed something interesting: The cats posted by Chinese users were 3 (round) than those shared by American users. But why? One key reason is the living environment. In China, many families live in tall flats. 4 (keep) their cats safe, owners usually keep them indoors. 5 , many American homes have larger living spaces for cats to climb and play. Cultural 6 (different) also play an important role. In Chinese culture, roundness means unity and perfection. In America, people value an adventurous spirit. So their cats are 7 (encourage) to run around and stay active. Family influence is another reason. “My parents always show their love by 8 (make) delicious food for me, so I treat my cat in 9 same way,” explained a Chinese user from Heilongjiang. Cats from China and the US may be different 10 body shape. But, as long as they are healthy, that’s what matters most. 【答案】 1. theirs 2. hundreds 3. rounder 4. To keep 5. However 6. differences 7. encouraged 8. making 9. the 10. in 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中美两国猫咪体型差异的原因，包括生活环境、文化差异和家庭影响等因素。 1. 句意：作为回报，中国用户会发送他们的猫咪照片。根据“Chinese users would send the pictures of...”可知，此处需要名词性物主代词，表示“他们的猫咪照片”。故填theirs。 2. 句意：在看了数百张猫咪照片后，人们发现了一些有趣的事情。hundreds of“数以百计的”。故填hundreds。 3. 句意：中国用户发布的猫咪比美国用户分享的猫咪更圆润。根据“than”可知，此处需要形容词比较级。故填rounder。 4. 句意：为了确保猫咪的安全，主人通常将它们养在室内。根据“keep their cats safe”可知，此处需要不定式作目的状语。故填To keep。 5. 句意：然而，许多美国家庭有更大的生活空间供猫咪攀爬和玩耍。根据前后句的对比关系可知，此处需要表示转折的副词however。故填However。 6. 句意：文化差异也起着重要作用。此处作主语，需要名词形式difference，谓语动词是原形，主语是复数。故填differences。 7. 句意：因此，他们的猫咪被鼓励四处奔跑并保持活跃。根据“encourage”和“their cats”可知，它们是被动关系，此处需要被动语态，动词用过去分词。故填encouraged。 8. 句意：我的父母总是通过为我制作美味的食物来表达他们的爱。根据“by”和“make”可知，此处需要动名词作介词宾语。故填making。 9. 句意：所以我用同样的方式对待我的猫。根据“same way”可知，此处需要定冠词表示特指。故填the。 10. 句意：中国和美国的猫咪可能在体型上有所不同。根据“body shape”可知，此处需要介词in表示“在……方面”。故填in。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $中考核心语法·精练 第四讲 数词 2026年中考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、基数词构成与用法表 此表格梳理基数词从 1 到 “几百几” 的构成规则，以及在数量、编号、时间等场景的核心用法，是数词基础应用的关键依据。 类别 规则说明 示例 构成规则 1. 1-12：独立词汇 2. 13-19：个位数 + teen（13 thirteen、15 fifteen、18 eighteen 特殊） 3. 整十数（20-90）：个位数 + ty（20 twenty、30 thirty、40 forty、50 fifty、80 eighty 特殊） 4. 几十几：整十数 +“-”+ 个位数 5. 几百几：基数词 + hundred + and + 末两位数字 1. one, two...twelve 2. fourteen, sixteen 3. sixty, seventy 4. 21 twenty-one、55 fifty-five 5. 288 two hundred and eighty-eight 核心用法 1. 表数量 / 年龄 2. 表编号（名词 + 基数词） 3. 表时间 / 年份 4. 特殊搭配： - in one’s + 整十基数词复数（表 “某人几十岁时”） - 复合形容词（基数词 + 名词单数 / 基数词 + 名词单数 + 形容词） 5. 时间表达（整点 />30 分钟 /<30 分钟 / 15 分钟 / 顺读法） 1. twelve students（12 个学生）、16 years old（16 岁） 2. Lesson One（第一课）、Room 802（802 号房） 3. in 1998（1998 年）、at 6 o’clock（6 点） 4. in my twenties（我二十多岁时）、a two-month holiday（两个月假期）、a 100-metre-long bridge（100 米长的桥） 5. 3:30 half past three、4:40 twenty to five、5:15 a quarter past five、7:50 seven fifty 注意事项： 1. 表达 “几百几” 时，hundred 后需加 and（美式英语可省略，但英式英语通常保留）； 2. 复合形容词中，名词必须用单数（错误：a two-months holiday，正确：a two-month holiday）； 3. 时间表达中，“分钟> 30” 时用 “to”，且小时需加 1（如 4:40 不可说 forty past four，需说 twenty to five）。 二、序数词构成与缩写表 此表格整理序数词的构成规则（含特殊变化）及缩写形式，结合记忆口诀帮助快速掌握 “基数词变序数词” 的规律。 类别 规则 示例 构成规则 1. 1-3：不规则变化 2. 4-19：基数词 + th（5 five→fifth、8 eight→eighth、9 nine→ninth、12 twelve→twelfth 特殊） 3. 整十数：y 变 ie+th 4. 21 及以上：仅变个位数为序数词 1. one→first、two→second、three→third 2. four→fourth、sixteen→sixteenth 3. twenty→twentieth、thirty→thirtieth 4. 21 twenty-one→twenty-first、55 fifty-five→fifty-fifth 缩写形式 阿拉伯数字 + 序数词最后两个字母 first→1st、seventeenth→17th、twenty-second→22nd、thirty-third→33rd 规则说明： （附记忆口诀：基变序，有规律，后面 th 加上去；1,2,3 特殊记，8 加 h，9 去 e；ve 要用 f 替，见 y 变成 i 和 e；若是遇上几十几，只变个位就可以） 注意事项： 1. 序数词前通常加定冠词 the，但有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时，不加 the（错误：my the second book，正确：my second book）； 2. 特殊变化的序数词（如 fifth、eighth）需单独记忆，避免混淆（如 8 变序数词不可说 eightth，需说 eighth）； 3. 几十几变序数词时，仅个位变，十位保持基数词形式（错误：twenty-first 不可说 twentieth-first）。 三、分数与百分数表达表 此表格明确分数的分子、分母构成规则及特殊分数表达，同时补充百分数的用法，解决 “比例描述” 类语法问题。 类别 规则说明 示例 分数 1. 基本结构：分子（基数词）+ 分母（序数词） 2. 分子 > 1 时，分母用复数 3. 特殊分数：1/2=a half、1/4=a quarter（=one fourth）、3/4=three quarters（=three fourths） 1. 1/5 one fifth、2/3 two thirds、3/4 three fourths 2. 5/6 five sixths（分子 5>1，分母 six 变 sixths） 3. 1/2 a half、1/4 a quarter 百分数 结构：基数词 + percent（percent 无复数形式） 5% five percent、20% twenty percent、50% fifty percent 注意事项： 1. 分数作主语时，谓语动词单复数由分数修饰的名词决定（如 Two thirds of the water is clean. 水不可数，谓语用 is；Two thirds of the students are here. 学生可数，谓语用 are）； 2. percent 后不可加 s（错误：fifty percents，正确：fifty percent）； 3. 特殊分数 “1/4” 和 “3/4” 优先用 quarter 表达（更符合英语习惯），避免说 one fourth 或 three fourths（虽正确，但日常使用较少）。 四、确数词与概数词（hundred/thousand/million/billion）用法表 此表格区分概数词 “表具体数量” 与 “表不确切数量” 的两种用法，是避免概数词使用错误的核心参考。 类型 规则说明 示例 表具体数量 基数词（不加 s，不加 of）+ 名词 600 本书 six hundred books、200 万美元 two million dollars、3 千棵树 three thousand trees 表不确切数量 概数词 + s+of（不加基数词）+ 名词 数千人 thousands of people、数百棵树 hundreds of trees、数百万美元 millions of dollars 注意事项： 1. 概数词不可同时加基数词和 of（错误：two hundreds of books，正确：two hundred books 或 hundreds of books）； 2. 表示 “确切数量” 时，概数词无论数字多大，均用单数（错误：five thousands，正确：five thousand）； 3. 概数词 + s+of 修饰名词时，名词需用复数（错误：thousands of tree，正确：thousands of trees）。 一、单句语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·云南玉溪·三模）China is the nation which sent Chang’e VI to the far side of the moon. (one) 2．（2025·黑龙江牡丹江·二模）Two (three) of the water in the river is polluted. 3．（2025·云南昆明·三模）December 20th, 2024 marks the anniversary (周年) of Macao’s return to China. (twenty-five) 4．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）Five of the population in this factory is women. (twelve) 5．（2025·甘肃张掖·三模）In the (three) month after I joined the basketball club, I learned many new skills. 6．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）With the help of AI, two of the time will be saved when dealing with such problems. (three) 7．（2025·云南昆明·三模）The China-Central Asia Summit was successfully held, which strengthened the cooperation between China and Central Asian countries. (two) 8．（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）Linda is the (five) person in her family to attend that university. 9．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）Bananas are the biggest crop in the world. (four) 10．（2025·云南昭通·二模）The Olympic Games will be held in Los Angeles in 2028. (thirty-four) 11．（2025·甘肃酒泉·三模）There were eight (hundred) students taking the exams. 12．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）My grandfather took up swimming in his (sixty) in order to stay healthy. 13．（2025·上海杨浦·三模）This year he won the national championship again—for the time. (four) 14．（2025·云南昆明·二模）In the Twelve Chinese Zodiac Signs (十二生肖), the snake is the animal in order. (six) 15．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）Of the Chinese animal signs, the snake is the (six) animal. 二、语法选择 Passage 1 （2023·陕西宝鸡·二模）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 A report has been produced by the US Geological（地质学的） Survey. More than 1 of the world’s polar bears（北极熊） will die out by 2050, 2 global warming will have made 42 percent of the Arctic sea ice disappear. Only a very few of polar bears will be left 3 2100. Polar bears 4 floating sea ice as a platform for hunting seals（海豹）, which are their main food. Without enough ice, polar bears 5 to go onto the land, where they have difficult hunting seals. Experts say 6 bears would survive （生存）. The team of American and Canadian scientists spent six months 7 bears. Some team members fear the result is even 8 for the bears than what their report says. 9 say the Arctic is warming faster than anywhere in the world and much faster than their computers predicted. However, not everyone in the scientific community believes that global warming is happening so quickly. Another investigation has found that polar bears are still being hunted by some people. Have you ever thought about 10 to do with this problem? 1. A．two third B．second three C．two thirds D．two three 2. A．why B．that C．so D．because 3. A．on B．out C．by D．to 4. A．depends on B．depend on C．depending on D．depend in 5. A．be force B．would be forced C．be forced D．force 6. A．few B．a few C．little D．a little 7. A．studying B．study C．studied D．studies 8. A．bad B．better C．worst D．worse 9. A．They B．them C．He D．She 10. A．what should we do B．what we should do C．when should we do D．when we should do Passage 2 （2025·陕西·模拟预测）What kind of thing is a word of four letters and it stands everywhere in nature and can 1 fresh air that is good for us humans? If you say “tree”, your answer 2 right. Almost everywhere on our mother planet, we see trees. They come in different sizes and there are so 3 kinds of them. Some are big and tall while some are low and small. But 4 know anything about the oldest tree on Earth and 5 ? Imagine having more than 9,550 birthdays! There lives a tree on Earth that 6 around for that many years. The oldest living tree on Earth began growing its roots at 7 end of the last ice age. The ice age is one of the long periods of time, tens of 8 years ago, when much of Earth’s surface was covered in ice. The tree 9 by scientists in Sweden (瑞典) in 2004. There is nothing unusual about the tree itself. The tree is a Norwegian spruce. How did the tree live so long? Please read the next part on this test paper 10 the answer. 1. A．makes B．making C．to make D．make 2. A．are B．is C．am D．be 3. A．few B．little C．many D．much 4. A．do you B．are you C．you do D．you are 5. A．where was it B．where is it C．where it was D．where it is 6. A．was B．will be C．has been D．is 7. A．an B．a C．the D．/ 8. A．thousand B．thousands C．thousand of D．thousands of 9. A．was discovered B．is discovered C．discovered D．discovers 10. A．get B．to get C．miss D．to miss Passage 3 （2023·广东·一模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Have you ever wondered what it takes to be an astronaut? 1 October 2022, the astronaut Scott shared his fantastic experiences in space with some kids. Scott 2 into the astronaut training program in 1996. Then he learned to pilot a space plane. “I worked really hard on 3 ,” he said about his training. He took part in four space tasks from 1999 to 2016. His first was 4 repair trip. On his second trip, he was the task leader. In 2011, he finished his 5 task. It was a five-month stay on the International Space Station. The Space Engineering Office then chose him 6 off on a 340-day task. It would become one of 7 trips in space. The main purpose was to study what happens to the human body after a long space flight (飞行). Scott went to space. His brother, Mark, 8 on Earth. Then scientists were able to compare them 9 they are twins and have the same DNA．There’s still a lot to learn about the effects of space flights on the body. And there’s always work to be done in space. For those 10 who want to become astronauts, Scott has some advice. “Choose something that you like,” he says, “because if you like it, you’ll do better at it.” 1. A．For B．In C．On 2. A．accepts B．accepted C．was accepted 3. A．it B．its C．itself 4. A．the B．a C．an 5. A．third B．the third C．three 6. A．setting B．set C．to set 7. A．the longest B．longer C．long 8. A．stayed B．will stay C．stays 9. A．if B．unless C．because 10. A．kid B．kids C．kid’s 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2023·江苏宿迁·中考真题）根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空，使短文完整。 Deng Qingming is one of the three Chinese astronauts carrying out China’s Shenzhou-15 spaceship mission. He 1 (final) got the chance to go to space after nearly 25 years of preparation. Deng was born in a village in Jiangxi Province in 1966. As his 2 (parent) both worked in the fields, he had to look after his younger brothers and sisters. At that time, his dream was to go to college and find a job 3 (support) his family. Deng 4 (be) a member of the PLA Air Force (空军) since 1984. When he left his village that year, his friends came to say goodbye to him. He was deeply touched and decided to work hard. Years of hard 5 (train) made him an excellent pilot, and he was chosen as one of the 6 (one) group of Chinese astronauts in 1998. For a long time, Deng served as a backup (后备) astronaut. His road to space was 7 (long) than that of his teammates. He spent almost all of his time preparing and waiting and he 8 (give) the chance to travel to space in the end. Besides that, Deng’s wife supported him a lot. She 9 (take) care of the whole family and never complained. “You’ve set an example to 10 (we) daughter and we are proud of you,” she told him. After a long wait, he flew into space by Shenzhou-15 spaceship in November 2022 at last. Twenty-five years was quite a long time, but Deng never gave up. Whenever the nation needs him, he is always waiting there, ready to take on any challenge. Passage 2 （2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）Fill in the blanks with the grammatical knowledge according to the passage. A group of Chinese astronauts visited Hong Kong and Macao in China. They met with young people there and encouraged 1 (they) to have a dream of space exploration (探索). During the visit, the group of Chinese astronauts went to many middle schools 2 two universities in Hong Kong. They also gave a talk in Macao and met 3 (thousand) of students in both places. “The Chinese space station is 4 a home for the motherland in space,” Chen Dong said. He is one of 5 Shenzhou-14 astronauts. He hopes that he 6 (see) people from Hong Kong and Macao in the Chinese space station in the future. During a special show, Shum, a Hong Kong middle school student, felt really 7 (excite) to meet the astronauts. She thinks that the astronauts 8 (be) true heroes. “I am proud of our country and this makes me even 9 (interested) in space,” Shum said. “The visit is special and important for students,”the chief executive of the Macao SAR (澳门特别行政区行政长官) said. He thinks that China has taken the education of science and technology 10 (serious). The visit to Hong Kong and Macao was really successful. Passage 3 （2025·江苏苏州·三模）请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Many users from the US joined Xiaohongshu in January, and Chinese users jokingly asked them to pay a “cat tax (猫税)” by sharing a photo of their cats. In return, Chinese users would send the pictures of 1 (they). After looking at 2 (hundred) of cat photos, people noticed something interesting: The cats posted by Chinese users were 3 (round) than those shared by American users. But why? One key reason is the living environment. In China, many families live in tall flats. 4 (keep) their cats safe, owners usually keep them indoors. 5 , many American homes have larger living spaces for cats to climb and play. Cultural 6 (different) also play an important role. In Chinese culture, roundness means unity and perfection. In America, people value an adventurous spirit. So their cats are 7 (encourage) to run around and stay active. Family influence is another reason. “My parents always show their love by 8 (make) delicious food for me, so I treat my cat in 9 same way,” explained a Chinese user from Heilongjiang. Cats from China and the US may be different 10 body shape. But, as long as they are healthy, that’s what matters most. 9 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $