第十讲 非谓语动词-2026年中考英语一轮复习 语法重难点专项突破（语法讲义+配套练习）（全国通用）

中考核心语法·精练 第十讲 非谓语动词2026年中考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、非谓语动词整体分类与考查定位表 此表格对应讲义 “专题十 非谓语动词” 开篇总述内容，明确非谓语动词的定义、分类及中考考查重点。通过梳理 “无称数变化、不能独立作谓语” 的核心属性，区分 “重点考点（不定式、动名词）” 与 “非重点（分词）”，帮助快速建立语法框架，聚焦复习核心。 类别 具体内容 定义 无人称和数的变化，不能独立作谓语，但可保留动词特征（带宾语、状语），有逻辑主语，能在句中作主语、宾语、定语等成分的动词形式 分类 1. 动词不定式：基本形式 “to + 动词原形”，否定式 “not to + 动词原形”，功能最全面，为中考核心重点 2. 动名词：基本形式 “动词原形 + ing”，与现在分词同形，具名词 + 动词特征，为中考核心重点 3. 分词：包括现在分词（doing，表主动 / 进行）、过去分词（done，表被动 / 完成），讲义明确 “考试说明不做要求”，仅需掌握基础形式与功能区别 考查重点 1. 动词不定式：构成、否定式、六大句法功能（主语 / 宾语 / 宾补等）、省 “to” 规则、特殊结构（疑问词 + 不定式、省 “to” 句型） 2. 动名词：构成、四大句法功能（主语 / 宾语 / 表语 / 定语）、接动名词的动词 / 词组、与不定式作宾语的语义差异 3. 考查形式：以单选（占比约 60%）、用所给词适当形式填空（占比约 40%）为主，真题多结合语境考查成分判断与搭配 注意事项： 1. 非谓语动词需关注 “逻辑主语与句子主语一致”，避免 “悬垂结构”（如错误：To improve English, more practice is needed；正确：To improve English, we need more practice）； 2. 动名词与现在分词虽同形，但属性不同：动名词表 “动作名词化”（如 “Swimming is my hobby”，作主语），现在分词表 “动作进行”（如 “He is swimming”，作谓语部分），需通过句法功能区分。 二、动词不定式（to do）用法表 此表格对应讲义 “考点一：动词不定式”，系统梳理其构成、否定式、句法功能及特殊结构，覆盖 “it 作形式主语 / 宾语”“省 to 规则”“疑问词 + 不定式” 等高频考点，匹配讲义基础练习与真题示例，解决 “不定式如何正确使用” 的核心问题。 项目 具体内容 讲义示例 构成与否定 1. 基本形式：to + 动词原形（to 为不定式符号，无实义） 2. 否定式：not to + 动词原形（否定词 “not” 必须置于 “to” 前，不可说 “to not do”） 3. 省 “to” 规则： - 使役动词（let/make/have）、感官动词（see/hear/watch/notice/feel）后作宾补时省 to - 被动语态中 “to” 必须补回 - help 后 “to” 可省可留 主动：We hear her sing（省 to） 被动：She is heard to sing（补 to） 否定：My mother told me not to play with fire 句法功能 1. 作主语：常用 “it” 作形式主语，结构 “It + be + 形容词 + (for/of sb) + to do sth”；for 表事物特征（difficult/important 等），of 表人物品性（kind/nice 等） 2. 作宾语：接 agree/decide/want 等动词；有宾补时用 “it” 作形式宾语（feel/find/make + it + 宾补 + to do） 3. 作宾补：接 advise/ask/encourage 等动词；使役 / 感官动词主动省 to、被动补 to 4. 作状语：目的（to 表 “为了”）、原因（接情感 adj）、结果（too+adj+to do） 5. 作定语：后置修饰名词 / 代词 6. 作表语：放 be 后，表将来 / 主语内容 1. 主语：It’s important for us to protect the environment（for sb） 2. 宾语：I find it useful to learn English（it 作形式宾语） 3. 宾补：She encourages me to face challenges 4. 状语：To get there on time, we set out early（目的） 5. 定语：time to do homework 6. 表语：My wish is to be a teacher 特殊结构 1. 疑问词 + 不定式：what/where/how 等 + to do，相当于宾语从句 2. 省 “to” 句型： - had better (not) do - would rather do than do - prefer to do rather than do - Why not do? - Could you please (not) do 1. 疑问词 + 不定式：I can’t decide where to go 2. 省 “to” 句型：Why not join the club? 注意事项： 1. “It’s + adj + of sb to do” 中，adj 需能修饰人（如 kind 可修饰人，difficult 不可），可通过 “sb is adj” 验证（如 “you are kind” 成立，故用 of）； 2. 使役动词 “have” 的被动语态需补 to（如 “He was made to work”），但 “let” 的被动语态常用 “be allowed to do” 替代（如 “He was allowed to go”，不用 “was let to go”）； 3. “too...to...” 结构在特定语境中表肯定（如 “He is too eager to see his parents”，译为 “太渴望见到父母”），需结合形容词语义判断，不可一概视为否定。 三、动名词（doing）用法表 此表格对应讲义 “考点二：动名词”，聚焦动名词的构成、句法功能及与不定式作宾语的区别，覆盖 “接动名词的固定动词 / 词组”“动名词作主语的谓语单复数” 等核心考点，解决 “doing 与 to do” 的用法混淆问题。 项目 具体内容 讲义示例 构成 动词原形 + ing，与现在分词同形，兼具名词属性（作主语 / 宾语 / 表语 / 定语）和动词属性（带宾语 / 状语），表抽象、习惯或经常性动作 reading books（带宾语）、studying hard（带状语） 句法功能 1. 作主语：谓语用第三人称单数；长句可用 “it” 作形式主语（It is + 名词 /adj + doing） 2. 作宾语：接 avoid/enjoy/practice 等动词，或 be busy/look forward to 等词组 3. 作表语：可与主语互换位置（语义不变） 4. 作定语：前置，表用途 / 所属（如 learning method “学习方法”） 1. 主语：Playing games is bad for eyes（谓语用 is） 2. 宾语：I look forward to seeing you（to 是介词，接 doing） 3. 表语：My duty is typing = Typing is my duty 4. 定语：a reading room（阅览室，表用途） 与不定式作宾语的区别 部分动词后接动名词 / 不定式均可，但语义差异显著，讲义明确核心区别： 1. stop：stop doing（停做某事）vs stop to do（停来做另事） 2. try：try doing（尝试做）vs try to do（尽力做） 3. need：need doing（需被做，被动）vs need to do（需去做，主动） 4. remember：remember doing（记得做过）vs remember to do（记得去做） 5. forget：forget doing（忘记做过）vs forget to do（忘记去做） 6. regret：regret doing（遗憾做过）vs regret to do（遗憾要做） 1. stop：Stop talking（别说话）vs Stop to talk（停下来说话） 2. need：The room needs cleaning（需打扫）vs I need to clean the room（我要打扫） 注意事项： 1. 介词后必接动名词：“look forward to”“pay attention to”“devote to” 中的 “to” 是介词，不可接 to do（错误：look forward to meet you；正确：look forward to meeting you）； 2. 动名词作主语时，若表 “具体某次动作”，可用 “it is + 名词 /adj + doing”（如 “It’s a waste of time playing games”），避免句子冗长； 3. 易混搭配区分：“be used to doing”（习惯做某事，to 为介词）与 “used to do”（过去常常做某事，to 为不定式），需结合时间状语判断（如 “He is used to getting up early” 表现在习惯，“He used to get up early” 表过去习惯）。 四、分词（doing/done）基础用法表 此表格对应讲义 “考点三：分词”，因 “考试说明不做要求”，仅梳理其基础构成与句法功能，帮助理解 “主动 / 被动、进行 / 完成” 的核心区别，避免与动名词、不定式混淆。 项目 具体内容 讲义示例 构成 1. 现在分词：动词原形 + ing（表主动关系、进行状态） 2. 过去分词：动词原形 + ed（规则变化）/ 不规则变化（表被动关系、完成状态） 现在分词：running（主动 / 进行） 过去分词：broken（被动 / 完成） 句法功能 1. 作定语：现在分词修饰 “动作执行者”，过去分词修饰 “动作承受者” 2. 作状语：逻辑主语为句子主语，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动 3. 作表语：现在分词表 “主语的特征”，过去分词表 “主语的状态” 4. 作宾补：现在分词表 “主动 / 进行”，过去分词表 “被动 / 完成” 1. 定语：developing country（发展中国家）/developed country（发达国家） 2. 状语：Being sick, I stayed at home（主动） 3. 表语：The book is interesting（特征）/I’m interested（状态） 4. 宾补：kept me waiting（主动 / 进行）/carrot stolen（被动 / 完成） 注意事项： 1. 分词作定语时，现在分词多表 “正在进行”，过去分词多表 “已完成”（如 “boiling water”“沸水” vs “boiled water”“白开水”）； 2. 分词作状语时，需确保逻辑主语与句子主语一致（错误：Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful，主语 “the city” 与 “seen” 逻辑一致，正确；错误：Seeing from the hill, the city looks beautiful，主语 “the city” 不能 “see”，错误）； 3. 因考试不做要求，无需深入掌握复杂用法，重点区分 “现在分词（主动 / 进行）” 与 “过去分词（被动 / 完成）” 的基础含义即可。 一、单句语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）If you have trouble (pronounce) these words, you can repeat until you are fluent. 2．（2025·甘肃张掖·三模）Chinese people usually show their welcome and kindness by (shake) hands. 3．（2025·江苏南京·三模）What great fun it is (chat) with my friends on the Internet! 4．（2025·甘肃白银·三模）The exciting news made the students (cheer) excitedly. 5．（2025·上海闵行·模拟预测）We’ll hold a meeting to opinions and share experience. (change) 6．（2025·黑龙江牡丹江·一模）Oliver Twist is the novel (write) by Charles Dickens. 7．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）Now, more and more people enjoy (learn) English, for it enriches my knowledge and life and leads us to a wonderful world. 8．（2025·黑龙江·一模）When communicating with the Westerners, you’d better avoid (mention) their privacy (隐私). 9．（2025·上海宝山·模拟预测）If you really want to , you will have to work very hard. (success) 10．（2023·辽宁阜新·一模）My sister enjoys (play) the piano very much. 11．（2024·云南昆明·一模）Please pay attention to the words correctly. (pronounce) 12．（2024·江苏南京·三模）Imagine how proud and helpful you can be while (introduce) traditional Chinese culture to your foreign friends in English! 13．（2024·江苏扬州·三模）When I was young, I’d listen to the radio, for my favourite songs. (wait) 14．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）Grandma gets used to a glass of milk before sleeping. (drink) 15．（2024·甘肃武威·三模）Lucy is looking forward to (receive) the letter from her best friend. 二、语法选择 Passage 1 （2025·广东潮州·二模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 On February 6, 2025, Huang Xuhua, a great scientist, passed away at the age of 99 in Wuhan. He was born in 1 doctor’s family in Guangdong in 1926. After growing up during wartime, he went to Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2 shipbuilding. He joined the CPC before graduation. In 1958, he 3 to design China’s first nuclear submarine (核潜艇). At that time, 4 no experience or technology for nuclear submarines in China. Huang and his team 5 search for information only in newspapers and magazines. It was much 6 to find useful information. However, they came up with five plans 7 studying two US submarine models. They used abacuses (算盘) and rulers to do the project 8 they had no computers. Even when the project was stopped for a few years because of being short of money, they kept working. In 1970, China 9 its first nuclear submarine and became the fifth country to have one. His work was a secret until 1987. Even in his 90s, Huang still went to 10 office every day to help young researchers. He was awarded China’s highest honor in 2019 for his great achievements. 1. A．a B．an C．the 2. A．study B．studying C．to study 3. A．chose B．was chosen C．are choosing 4. A．there was B．there were C．they were 5. A．could B．must C．need 6. A．hard B．harder C．hardest 7. A．by B．for C．with 8. A．if B．because C．though 9. A．will build B．built C．has built 10. A．he B．him C．his Passage 2 （2025·重庆九龙坡·三模）根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Do you believe little kids may be wiser than you and can teach you a lot? I learned 1 great lesson years ago. When I was in Grade 6, my teacher asked our class, “What does ‘doing the right thing’ mean to you?” She asked 2 to think about it during the weekend. And she also said that we could discuss it with other people. By Monday, we would have to hand in our homework and be ready to share our 3 . All weekend, I tried to come up 4 a wonderful but simple answer. I talked to my parents, called my grandma, and even asked my neighbor. Great advice 5 , but it was too difficult to follow. On Sunday afternoon, my parents took me to my Aunt Cindy’s house. After dinner, they told me 6 with my four-year-old cousin Andrea. All I wanted to do was to write my homework, 7 I turned on a Disney movie for her. However, I still didn’t know what to write when I noticed Andrea watching me. “What are you doing?” she asked. “I need to write about what ‘doing the right thing’ means,” I said. Andrea laughed. “That’s 8 !” “Really? Tell me,” I replied. “Doing the right thing means: Be kind to family and friends. Listen to your mom. Never lie. Take baths when you’re dirty. Learn new things. Don’t waste water or time...” I looked at her in 9 . Not only had she answered a difficult question, but her rules were simple enough for anyone—even me! So I wrote about Andrea in my homework. Two weeks later, my teacher 10 our work. I got an A+ with a note: “Always do the right thing—and give Andrea an A+, too!” 1. A．a B．an C．the 2. A．our B．us C．we 3. A．think B．thought C．thoughts 4. A．to B．with C．for 5. A．is offered B．was offered C．will offer 6. A．play B．played C．to play 7. A．because B．so C．or 8. A．easily B．easy C．easier 9. A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising 10. A．returned B．return C．returns Passage 3 （2025·陕西渭南·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Last Saturday, our community organized a special clean-up event. My classmates and I decided to join and hoped to make a difference. Early 1 the morning, we met at the Riverside Park. It 2 with all kinds of waste after some celebrations. The strong smell made 3 cover our noses. Mrs. Wang, the organizer, handed out tools and gloves and said, “Remember, teamwork always makes difficult tasks much 4 .” At first, we worked carefully, picking up bottles and paper. However, some rubbish was stuck under benches (长凳). Mrs. Wang suggested that we use long sticks 5 it. “Great idea!” I replied. Soon, neighbors passing by began to join us. By noon, the sun was shining brightly and everyone was busy 6 the task. We felt tired and thirsty. Just then, 7 old man brought us some cold drinks, “You kids are doing a wonderful job!” he said. His words 8 us to continue at that time. Three 9 later, the riverbank looked spotless. It was so clean that Mrs. Wang smiled and said, “This proves that small actions can create big changes.” That day, I learned the power of responsibility and understood 10 — teamwork! * The word “spotless” means being very clean. 1. A．on B．from C．at D．in 2. A．was covered B．were covered C．is covered D．are covered 3. A．we B．us C．our D．ours 4. A．the easiest B．easiest C．easier D．easy 5. A．to reach B．reach C．to put D．put 6. A．doing B．to do C．done D．do 7. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 8. A．encouraged B．encourage C．will encourage D．have encouraged 9. A．an hour B．hour C．the hours D．hours 10. A．how could we work better B．where could we work better C．how we could work better D．where we could work better 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Su Shi, known as Su Dongpo, was a famous Chinese writer, poet and painter. When he was young, he read a lot of books and wrote many good articles. People thought 1 (high) of him. Because of this, he became very proud and wrote a couplet (对联) for 2 (him). Knowing all the words in the world; Reading all the books on the earth. A wise old man saw this couplet and thought, “It is necessary for Su Shi 3 (learn) how to be modest.” So, one day, he came to Su Shi’s house with a book. The old man showed Su Shi the book and explained, “So far, I 4 (read) the book several times, but there are still some difficult words that I can’t understand. I have asked many people, but none of them could understand their 5 (meaning). I have heard that you are a person of rich knowledge, so I come to ask you.” Full of confidence, Su Shi took the book from the old 6 (man) hand, but when he opened it, he became very 7 (surprise) because there were many words he didn’t know. At that moment, Su Shi realized that there were many more things that he had to learn. Actually, the old man knew every word in this book. He just wanted to make Su Shi know the importance of 8 (be) modest. Su Shi was embarrassed (尴尬的) and said, “Now I know why you came. I shouldn’t have been so arrogant (自大的).” The old man smiled and 9 (leave). Then Su Shi quickly took his brush and ink, and added some words to the couplet: Working hard to know all the words in the world; Being determined to read all the books on the earth. From then on, he worked even 10 (hard) than before. Finally, Su Shi made great achievements in many fields, especially in literature. Passage 2 （2024·四川内江·中考真题）Chinese Tea Chinese tea plays 1 important role in people’s daily life, both at home and abroad. Millions of people want 2 (have) a cup of tea at the start of their morning. China is the homeland of tea. It’s one of the 3 (big) tea producers in the world. It mainly 4 (produce) six kinds of tea—green tea, black tea, Oolong tea, dark tea, white tea, and reprocessed tea. Drinking tea first 5 (become) popular in the Tang and Song Dynasties. According to the records, it probably started in the southwest of China. In Yunnan, there are still some wild tea trees that are over 1, 000 years old. They are 6 (real) uncommon and valuable. According to a Chinese legend (传说), tea was discovered 5, 000 years ago by Shen Nong. Shen Nong was the first Chinese herbal (草药) doctor. He was famous 7 his work to help many 8 (patient). He himself tasted lots of herbs. People could have safe medicine just because of 9 he did. He discovered tea when he traveled to high mountains and collected 10 (difference) plants. Thanks to him, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented. Passage 3 （2024·青海·中考真题）Wu Muliang is a photographer from a village. He is 1 kind boy. He takes 2 (photo) for old people in his village. Wu Muliang is very young, but he helps his neighbors by 3 (take) pictures. Wu’s grandparents took care 4 him when he was a little boy, but they couldn’t see each other often after he 5 (start) school. Wu’s grandpa died years ago. But there was no picture of him for the family to remember him with. This made Wu and his family very sad. Wu knew that many old people in 6 (he) village didn’t have pictures either. They didn’t have phones with cameras like us, so Wu wanted 7 (help) them take pictures. Wu took pictures of his grandma 8 other old people in the village. Some of them were not very old, but they wanted pictures to remember themselves when they were younger. Wu learned that it’s 9 (importance) to spend time with family from his experience. He will help more old people in his village and other places too. He would like to see them smiling 10 (happy) when they look at their pictures. 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $中考核心语法·精练 第十讲 非谓语动词2026年中考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、非谓语动词整体分类与考查定位表 此表格对应讲义 “专题十 非谓语动词” 开篇总述内容，明确非谓语动词的定义、分类及中考考查重点。通过梳理 “无称数变化、不能独立作谓语” 的核心属性，区分 “重点考点（不定式、动名词）” 与 “非重点（分词）”，帮助快速建立语法框架，聚焦复习核心。 类别 具体内容 定义 无人称和数的变化，不能独立作谓语，但可保留动词特征（带宾语、状语），有逻辑主语，能在句中作主语、宾语、定语等成分的动词形式 分类 1. 动词不定式：基本形式 “to + 动词原形”，否定式 “not to + 动词原形”，功能最全面，为中考核心重点 2. 动名词：基本形式 “动词原形 + ing”，与现在分词同形，具名词 + 动词特征，为中考核心重点 3. 分词：包括现在分词（doing，表主动 / 进行）、过去分词（done，表被动 / 完成），讲义明确 “考试说明不做要求”，仅需掌握基础形式与功能区别 考查重点 1. 动词不定式：构成、否定式、六大句法功能（主语 / 宾语 / 宾补等）、省 “to” 规则、特殊结构（疑问词 + 不定式、省 “to” 句型） 2. 动名词：构成、四大句法功能（主语 / 宾语 / 表语 / 定语）、接动名词的动词 / 词组、与不定式作宾语的语义差异 3. 考查形式：以单选（占比约 60%）、用所给词适当形式填空（占比约 40%）为主，真题多结合语境考查成分判断与搭配 注意事项： 1. 非谓语动词需关注 “逻辑主语与句子主语一致”，避免 “悬垂结构”（如错误：To improve English, more practice is needed；正确：To improve English, we need more practice）； 2. 动名词与现在分词虽同形，但属性不同：动名词表 “动作名词化”（如 “Swimming is my hobby”，作主语），现在分词表 “动作进行”（如 “He is swimming”，作谓语部分），需通过句法功能区分。 二、动词不定式（to do）用法表 此表格对应讲义 “考点一：动词不定式”，系统梳理其构成、否定式、句法功能及特殊结构，覆盖 “it 作形式主语 / 宾语”“省 to 规则”“疑问词 + 不定式” 等高频考点，匹配讲义基础练习与真题示例，解决 “不定式如何正确使用” 的核心问题。 项目 具体内容 讲义示例 构成与否定 1. 基本形式：to + 动词原形（to 为不定式符号，无实义） 2. 否定式：not to + 动词原形（否定词 “not” 必须置于 “to” 前，不可说 “to not do”） 3. 省 “to” 规则： - 使役动词（let/make/have）、感官动词（see/hear/watch/notice/feel）后作宾补时省 to - 被动语态中 “to” 必须补回 - help 后 “to” 可省可留 主动：We hear her sing（省 to） 被动：She is heard to sing（补 to） 否定：My mother told me not to play with fire 句法功能 1. 作主语：常用 “it” 作形式主语，结构 “It + be + 形容词 + (for/of sb) + to do sth”；for 表事物特征（difficult/important 等），of 表人物品性（kind/nice 等） 2. 作宾语：接 agree/decide/want 等动词；有宾补时用 “it” 作形式宾语（feel/find/make + it + 宾补 + to do） 3. 作宾补：接 advise/ask/encourage 等动词；使役 / 感官动词主动省 to、被动补 to 4. 作状语：目的（to 表 “为了”）、原因（接情感 adj）、结果（too+adj+to do） 5. 作定语：后置修饰名词 / 代词 6. 作表语：放 be 后，表将来 / 主语内容 1. 主语：It’s important for us to protect the environment（for sb） 2. 宾语：I find it useful to learn English（it 作形式宾语） 3. 宾补：She encourages me to face challenges 4. 状语：To get there on time, we set out early（目的） 5. 定语：time to do homework 6. 表语：My wish is to be a teacher 特殊结构 1. 疑问词 + 不定式：what/where/how 等 + to do，相当于宾语从句 2. 省 “to” 句型： - had better (not) do - would rather do than do - prefer to do rather than do - Why not do? - Could you please (not) do 1. 疑问词 + 不定式：I can’t decide where to go 2. 省 “to” 句型：Why not join the club? 注意事项： 1. “It’s + adj + of sb to do” 中，adj 需能修饰人（如 kind 可修饰人，difficult 不可），可通过 “sb is adj” 验证（如 “you are kind” 成立，故用 of）； 2. 使役动词 “have” 的被动语态需补 to（如 “He was made to work”），但 “let” 的被动语态常用 “be allowed to do” 替代（如 “He was allowed to go”，不用 “was let to go”）； 3. “too...to...” 结构在特定语境中表肯定（如 “He is too eager to see his parents”，译为 “太渴望见到父母”），需结合形容词语义判断，不可一概视为否定。 三、动名词（doing）用法表 此表格对应讲义 “考点二：动名词”，聚焦动名词的构成、句法功能及与不定式作宾语的区别，覆盖 “接动名词的固定动词 / 词组”“动名词作主语的谓语单复数” 等核心考点，解决 “doing 与 to do” 的用法混淆问题。 项目 具体内容 讲义示例 构成 动词原形 + ing，与现在分词同形，兼具名词属性（作主语 / 宾语 / 表语 / 定语）和动词属性（带宾语 / 状语），表抽象、习惯或经常性动作 reading books（带宾语）、studying hard（带状语） 句法功能 1. 作主语：谓语用第三人称单数；长句可用 “it” 作形式主语（It is + 名词 /adj + doing） 2. 作宾语：接 avoid/enjoy/practice 等动词，或 be busy/look forward to 等词组 3. 作表语：可与主语互换位置（语义不变） 4. 作定语：前置，表用途 / 所属（如 learning method “学习方法”） 1. 主语：Playing games is bad for eyes（谓语用 is） 2. 宾语：I look forward to seeing you（to 是介词，接 doing） 3. 表语：My duty is typing = Typing is my duty 4. 定语：a reading room（阅览室，表用途） 与不定式作宾语的区别 部分动词后接动名词 / 不定式均可，但语义差异显著，讲义明确核心区别： 1. stop：stop doing（停做某事）vs stop to do（停来做另事） 2. try：try doing（尝试做）vs try to do（尽力做） 3. need：need doing（需被做，被动）vs need to do（需去做，主动） 4. remember：remember doing（记得做过）vs remember to do（记得去做） 5. forget：forget doing（忘记做过）vs forget to do（忘记去做） 6. regret：regret doing（遗憾做过）vs regret to do（遗憾要做） 1. stop：Stop talking（别说话）vs Stop to talk（停下来说话） 2. need：The room needs cleaning（需打扫）vs I need to clean the room（我要打扫） 注意事项： 1. 介词后必接动名词：“look forward to”“pay attention to”“devote to” 中的 “to” 是介词，不可接 to do（错误：look forward to meet you；正确：look forward to meeting you）； 2. 动名词作主语时，若表 “具体某次动作”，可用 “it is + 名词 /adj + doing”（如 “It’s a waste of time playing games”），避免句子冗长； 3. 易混搭配区分：“be used to doing”（习惯做某事，to 为介词）与 “used to do”（过去常常做某事，to 为不定式），需结合时间状语判断（如 “He is used to getting up early” 表现在习惯，“He used to get up early” 表过去习惯）。 四、分词（doing/done）基础用法表 此表格对应讲义 “考点三：分词”，因 “考试说明不做要求”，仅梳理其基础构成与句法功能，帮助理解 “主动 / 被动、进行 / 完成” 的核心区别，避免与动名词、不定式混淆。 项目 具体内容 讲义示例 构成 1. 现在分词：动词原形 + ing（表主动关系、进行状态） 2. 过去分词：动词原形 + ed（规则变化）/ 不规则变化（表被动关系、完成状态） 现在分词：running（主动 / 进行） 过去分词：broken（被动 / 完成） 句法功能 1. 作定语：现在分词修饰 “动作执行者”，过去分词修饰 “动作承受者” 2. 作状语：逻辑主语为句子主语，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动 3. 作表语：现在分词表 “主语的特征”，过去分词表 “主语的状态” 4. 作宾补：现在分词表 “主动 / 进行”，过去分词表 “被动 / 完成” 1. 定语：developing country（发展中国家）/developed country（发达国家） 2. 状语：Being sick, I stayed at home（主动） 3. 表语：The book is interesting（特征）/I’m interested（状态） 4. 宾补：kept me waiting（主动 / 进行）/carrot stolen（被动 / 完成） 注意事项： 1. 分词作定语时，现在分词多表 “正在进行”，过去分词多表 “已完成”（如 “boiling water”“沸水” vs “boiled water”“白开水”）； 2. 分词作状语时，需确保逻辑主语与句子主语一致（错误：Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful，主语 “the city” 与 “seen” 逻辑一致，正确；错误：Seeing from the hill, the city looks beautiful，主语 “the city” 不能 “see”，错误）； 3. 因考试不做要求，无需深入掌握复杂用法，重点区分 “现在分词（主动 / 进行）” 与 “过去分词（被动 / 完成）” 的基础含义即可。 一、单句语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）If you have trouble (pronounce) these words, you can repeat until you are fluent. 【答案】pronouncing 【详解】句意：如果你在发音这些单词时有困难，你可以重复练习直到熟练。根据“have trouble”可知，此处是have trouble doing sth“做某事有困难”，需用动名词形式。故填pronouncing。 2．（2025·甘肃张掖·三模）Chinese people usually show their welcome and kindness by (shake) hands. 【答案】shaking 【详解】句意：中国人通常通过握手来表示他们的欢迎和友善。shake是动词，by是介词，应用动名词作宾语。故填shaking。 3．（2025·江苏南京·三模）What great fun it is (chat) with my friends on the Internet! 【答案】to chat 【详解】句意：和朋友们在网上聊天是多么有趣啊！此处是句型“it is +名词+ to do sth”表示“做某事是……”，故填to chat。 4．（2025·甘肃白银·三模）The exciting news made the students (cheer) excitedly. 【答案】cheer 【详解】句意：这个令人兴奋的消息使学生们兴奋地欢呼起来。分析句子结构和所给单词可知，应填动词cheer“欢呼”的原形，作宾语补足语。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”。故填cheer。 5．（2025·上海闵行·模拟预测）We’ll hold a meeting to opinions and share experience. (change) 【答案】exchange 【详解】句意：我们将开会交换意见和分享经验。根据“We’ll hold a meeting to...opinions and share experience.”及提示词可知此处是举行会议来交流分享经验。change侧重于事物本身的改变或变换，而exchange则侧重于物品或信息的互换，所以，此处exchange“交换”符合题意，且to后接动词原形。故填exchange。 6．（2025·黑龙江牡丹江·一模）Oliver Twist is the novel (write) by Charles Dickens. 【答案】written 【详解】句意：《雾都孤儿》是查尔斯·狄更斯写的小说。名词the novel与动词write存在被动关系，句中已有谓语动词is，此处应用过去分词作定语修饰名词。故填written。 7．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）Now, more and more people enjoy (learn) English, for it enriches my knowledge and life and leads us to a wonderful world. 【答案】learning 【详解】句意：现在，越来越多的人喜欢学习英语，因为它丰富了我的知识和生活，并带领我们进入一个精彩的世界。enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事，应用动名词形式。故填learning。 8．（2025·黑龙江·一模）When communicating with the Westerners, you’d better avoid (mention) their privacy (隐私). 【答案】mentioning 【详解】句意：与西方人交流时，您最好避免提及他们的隐私。avoiding doing sth意为“避免做某事”，所以用mention的动名词形式“mentioning”。故填mentioning。 9．（2025·上海宝山·模拟预测）If you really want to , you will have to work very hard. (success) 【答案】succeed 【详解】句意：如果你真的想成功，你必须非常努力。根据“If you really want to…you will have to work very hard.”及提示词可知，want to do sth.“想要做某事”，动词短语，因此空处应用动词原形，success“成功”，名词，动词为succeed。故填succeed。 10．（2023·辽宁阜新·一模）My sister enjoys (play) the piano very much. 【答案】playing 【详解】句意：我妹妹非常喜欢弹钢琴。根据“enjoys”结合提示词可知，enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，因此此处应用动名词作宾语。故填playing。 11．（2024·云南昆明·一模）Please pay attention to the words correctly. (pronounce) 【答案】pronouncing 【详解】句意：请注意单词的正确发音。pay attention to“注意”，其中to是介词，后接动名词；pronounce的动名词为pronouncing。故填pronouncing。 12．（2024·江苏南京·三模）Imagine how proud and helpful you can be while (introduce) traditional Chinese culture to your foreign friends in English! 【答案】introducing 【详解】句意：想象一下，当你用英语向外国朋友介绍中国传统文化时，你会感到多么自豪和有帮助！while后面应接动词的现在分词形式，作状语。故填introducing。 13．（2024·江苏扬州·三模）When I was young, I’d listen to the radio, for my favourite songs. (wait) 【答案】waiting 【详解】句意：在我年幼的时候，我会听收音机，等着我最喜欢的歌曲。句中已有谓语动词，且动词wait与主语I为主动关系，因此应用动词wait的现在分词，表伴随状态。故填waiting。 14．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）Grandma gets used to a glass of milk before sleeping. (drink) 【答案】drinking 【详解】句意：奶奶习惯睡觉前喝一杯牛奶。“get used to doing sth.”表示“习惯做某事”，因此此处动词需变为动名词“drinking”。故填drinking。 15．（2024·甘肃武威·三模）Lucy is looking forward to (receive) the letter from her best friend. 【答案】receiving 【详解】句意：露西正盼望着收到她最好的朋友的来信。receive“收到”；look forward to doing sth.“期待做某事”，需用动名词作宾语。故填receiving。 二、语法选择 Passage 1 （2025·广东潮州·二模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 On February 6, 2025, Huang Xuhua, a great scientist, passed away at the age of 99 in Wuhan. He was born in 1 doctor’s family in Guangdong in 1926. After growing up during wartime, he went to Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2 shipbuilding. He joined the CPC before graduation. In 1958, he 3 to design China’s first nuclear submarine (核潜艇). At that time, 4 no experience or technology for nuclear submarines in China. Huang and his team 5 search for information only in newspapers and magazines. It was much 6 to find useful information. However, they came up with five plans 7 studying two US submarine models. They used abacuses (算盘) and rulers to do the project 8 they had no computers. Even when the project was stopped for a few years because of being short of money, they kept working. In 1970, China 9 its first nuclear submarine and became the fifth country to have one. His work was a secret until 1987. Even in his 90s, Huang still went to 10 office every day to help young researchers. He was awarded China’s highest honor in 2019 for his great achievements. 1. A．a B．an C．the 2. A．study B．studying C．to study 3. A．chose B．was chosen C．are choosing 4. A．there was B．there were C．they were 5. A．could B．must C．need 6. A．hard B．harder C．hardest 7. A．by B．for C．with 8. A．if B．because C．though 9. A．will build B．built C．has built 10. A．he B．him C．his 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C 【导语】本文主要介绍黄旭华的生平及其对中国核潜艇事业的重大贡献。 1. 句意：1926年，他出生在广东的一个医生家庭。 a泛指一个，用于辅音音素开头；an泛指一个，用于元音音素开头；the定冠词表特指。此处泛指一个家庭，“doctor’s”以辅音音素开头，故选A。 2. 句意：在战争中长大后，他去了上海交通大学学习造船。 study动词原形；studying动名词/现在分词；to study动词不定式。此处表示目的，用动词不定式作目的状语，故选C。 3. 句意：1958年，他被选中设计中国第一艘核潜艇。 chose一般过去时；was chosen一般过去时的被动语态；are choosing现在进行时。本句主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，故选B。 4. 句意：当时，中国没有核潜艇的经验和技术。 there was有；there were有；they were他们是。根据“...no experience or technology for nuclear submarines in China.”可知，此处是there be句型，需满足“就近原则”，“no experience”是不可数名词。故选A。 5. 句意：黄和他的团队只能在报纸和杂志上搜索信息。 could能；must必须；need需要。根据“Huang and his team...search for information only in newspapers and magazines.”可知，黄和他的团队只能在报纸和杂志上搜索信息，此处强调能力，故选A。 6. 句意：要找到有用的信息要困难得多。 hard形容词原级；harder形容词比较级；hardest形容词最高级。“much”修饰比较级，故选B。 7. 句意：然而，通过研究两种美国潜艇模型，他们提出了五种方案。 by通过；for为了；with和。根据“they came up with five plans...studying two US submarine models”可知，此处强调方式，通过研究两种美国潜艇模型，故选A。 8. 句意：他们用算盘和尺子来做这个项目，因为他们没有电脑。 if如果；because因为；though虽然。“they had no computers”是“They used abacuses (算盘) and rulers to do the project”的原因，用because引导原因状语从句，故选B。 9. 句意：1970年，中国建造了第一艘核潜艇，成为第五个拥有核潜艇的国家。 will build一般将来时；built一般过去时；has built现在完成时。根据“In 1970”可知，时态是一般过去时，故选B。 10. 句意：即使在他90多岁的时候，黄仍然每天去办公室帮助年轻的研究人员。 he人称代词主格；him人称代词宾格；his物主代词。此处作定语修饰“office”，用形容词性物主代词，故选C。 Passage 2 （2025·重庆九龙坡·三模）根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Do you believe little kids may be wiser than you and can teach you a lot? I learned 1 great lesson years ago. When I was in Grade 6, my teacher asked our class, “What does ‘doing the right thing’ mean to you?” She asked 2 to think about it during the weekend. And she also said that we could discuss it with other people. By Monday, we would have to hand in our homework and be ready to share our 3 . All weekend, I tried to come up 4 a wonderful but simple answer. I talked to my parents, called my grandma, and even asked my neighbor. Great advice 5 , but it was too difficult to follow. On Sunday afternoon, my parents took me to my Aunt Cindy’s house. After dinner, they told me 6 with my four-year-old cousin Andrea. All I wanted to do was to write my homework, 7 I turned on a Disney movie for her. However, I still didn’t know what to write when I noticed Andrea watching me. “What are you doing?” she asked. “I need to write about what ‘doing the right thing’ means,” I said. Andrea laughed. “That’s 8 !” “Really? Tell me,” I replied. “Doing the right thing means: Be kind to family and friends. Listen to your mom. Never lie. Take baths when you’re dirty. Learn new things. Don’t waste water or time...” I looked at her in 9 . Not only had she answered a difficult question, but her rules were simple enough for anyone—even me! So I wrote about Andrea in my homework. Two weeks later, my teacher 10 our work. I got an A+ with a note: “Always do the right thing—and give Andrea an A+, too!” 1. A．a B．an C．the 2. A．our B．us C．we 3. A．think B．thought C．thoughts 4. A．to B．with C．for 5. A．is offered B．was offered C．will offer 6. A．play B．played C．to play 7. A．because B．so C．or 8. A．easily B．easy C．easier 9. A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising 10. A．returned B．return C．returns 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. A 【导语】本文作者通过四岁表妹Andrea的简单回答，领悟到“做正确的事”的本质是日常生活中的小事，并因此获得高分。故事说明孩子可能用纯真的智慧给出深刻答案。 1. 句意：数年前我学到了一个深刻的教训。 a一个，用于辅音音素前；an一个，用于元音音素前；the这个，指特指。根据“great lesson.”可知，空处泛指“一次深刻的教训”，great以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故选A。 2. 句意：她让我们在周末想一想。 our我们的，形容词性物主代词；us我们，宾格；we我们，主格。ask sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”，固定搭配，其中sb.需宾格。故选B。 3. 句意：到周一，我们就得交作业并准备分享我们的想法。 think想，动词原形；thought动词过去式；thoughts想法，名词。根据“our...”可知，形容词性物主代词our后跟名词，故选C。 4. 句意：整个周末，我试着想出一个完美的但简单的答案。 to到；with带着，和；for为。come up with是固定搭配，意为“想出”。故选B。 5. 句意：得到了很好的建议，但太难遵循。 is offered被提供，用于一般现在时的被动语态；was offered被提供，用于一般过去时的被动语态；will offer将提供，用于一般将来时。因描述过去发生的事情，且advice与offer是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done，故选B。 6. 句意：晚饭后，他们让我和四岁的表妹玩。 play玩，动词原形；played玩，动词过去式；to play玩，动词不定式。tell sb. to do sth.固定结构，意为“告诉某人做某事”，故空处需要不定式形式。故选C。 7. 句意：我想要做的所有是写作业，所以给她放了迪士尼电影。 because因为；so所以；or或者。分析句子结构可知，空处表结果，需连词so连接。故选B。 8. 句意：Andrea笑道，“那很容易！” easily容易地，副词；easy容易的，形容词原级；easier更容易的，形容词比较级。That’s后接形容词作表语，故选B。 9. 句意：我惊奇地看着她。 surprise使惊喜，动词原形；surprised动词过去式；surprising动名词。in surprise是固定短语，表示“惊讶地”。故选A。 10. 句意：两周后，老师返还了作业。 returned返回，动词过去式；return返回，动词原形；returns返回，动词三单形式。根据时间状语“two weeks later”可知，空处时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故选A。 Passage 3 （2025·陕西渭南·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Last Saturday, our community organized a special clean-up event. My classmates and I decided to join and hoped to make a difference. Early 1 the morning, we met at the Riverside Park. It 2 with all kinds of waste after some celebrations. The strong smell made 3 cover our noses. Mrs. Wang, the organizer, handed out tools and gloves and said, “Remember, teamwork always makes difficult tasks much 4 .” At first, we worked carefully, picking up bottles and paper. However, some rubbish was stuck under benches (长凳). Mrs. Wang suggested that we use long sticks 5 it. “Great idea!” I replied. Soon, neighbors passing by began to join us. By noon, the sun was shining brightly and everyone was busy 6 the task. We felt tired and thirsty. Just then, 7 old man brought us some cold drinks, “You kids are doing a wonderful job!” he said. His words 8 us to continue at that time. Three 9 later, the riverbank looked spotless. It was so clean that Mrs. Wang smiled and said, “This proves that small actions can create big changes.” That day, I learned the power of responsibility and understood 10 — teamwork! * The word “spotless” means being very clean. 1. A．on B．from C．at D．in 2. A．was covered B．were covered C．is covered D．are covered 3. A．we B．us C．our D．ours 4. A．the easiest B．easiest C．easier D．easy 5. A．to reach B．reach C．to put D．put 6. A．doing B．to do C．done D．do 7. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 8. A．encouraged B．encourage C．will encourage D．have encouraged 9. A．an hour B．hour C．the hours D．hours 10. A．how could we work better B．where could we work better C．how we could work better D．where we could work better 【答案】 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C 【导语】本文讲述上周六作者和同学们参加社区组织的清洁活动，在Riverside Park清理垃圾，过程中大家分工合作，邻居也加入，一位老人送冷饮鼓励，几小时后河岸变干净，作者从中体会到责任的力量和团队合作的重要性。 1. 句意：一大早，我们在Riverside Park碰面。 on在某一天；from来自；at在某个时刻；in在某个时间段。根据“the morning, we met at the Riverside Park”可知，Early in the morning是常用表达，意为“一大早”。故选D。 2. 句意：经过一些庆祝活动后，公园被各种垃圾覆盖。 was covered一般过去时被动语态；were covered一般过去时被动语态；is covered一般现在时被动语态；are covered一般现在时被动语态。根据“with all kinds of waste after some celebrations.”可知，It指代公园，为第三人称单数；waste表示垃圾，这里指公园被垃圾覆盖，文章讲述上周六的事，需用一般过去时被动语态。故选A。 3. 句意：刺鼻的气味让我们捂住鼻子。 we主格代词；us宾格代词；our物主代词；ours物主代词。根据“The strong smell made”可知，made为动词，后需跟宾格代词。故选B。 4. 句意：记住，团队合作总会让困难的任务容易得多。 the easiest形容词最高级；easiest形容词最高级；easier形容词比较级；easy形容词原级。根据“teamwork always makes difficult tasks much”可知，much修饰比较级，强调比之前更容易。故选C。 5. 句意：王女士建议我们用长棍去够长椅下的垃圾。 to reach够到（动词不定式）；reach够到（动词原形）；to put放置（动词不定式）；put放置（动词原形）。根据“Mrs. Wang suggested that we use long sticks”可知，用长棍是为了够到垃圾，用动词不定式表目的。故选A。 6. 句意：到中午时，阳光明媚，每个人都忙着做这项任务。 doing现在分词；to do动词不定式；done现在分词；do动词原形。根据“everyone was busy”可知，be busy doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“忙于做某事”。故选A。 7. 句意：就在这时，一位老人给我们带来一些冷饮。 a不定冠词；an不定冠词；the定冠词；/不填。根据“old man brought us some cold drinks”可知，这里需用不定冠词修饰old man，表示泛指；old是以元音音素开头的单词，“一位老人”用an old man。故选B。 8. 句意：他的话在那时鼓励我们继续干。 encouraged动词过去式；encourage动词原形；will encourage一般将来时；have encourage现在完成时。文章是一般过去时，描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故选A。 9. 句意：三个小时后，河岸看起来一尘不染。 an hour一个小时；hour小时；the hours这些小时；hours小时（复数）。根据“Three”可知，Three后接可数名词复数，hours是hour的复数，此处表示干了三个小时之后。故选D。 10. 句意：那天，我学到了责任的力量，也明白了我们如何能更好地合作——团队合作！ how could we work better疑问句语序；where could we work better疑问句语序；how we could work better陈述句语序；where we could work better陈述句语序。根据“teamwork”可知，这里表示如何更好合作，需用how引导宾语从句，且语序为陈述句。故选C。 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）Su Shi, known as Su Dongpo, was a famous Chinese writer, poet and painter. When he was young, he read a lot of books and wrote many good articles. People thought 1 (high) of him. Because of this, he became very proud and wrote a couplet (对联) for 2 (him). Knowing all the words in the world; Reading all the books on the earth. A wise old man saw this couplet and thought, “It is necessary for Su Shi 3 (learn) how to be modest.” So, one day, he came to Su Shi’s house with a book. The old man showed Su Shi the book and explained, “So far, I 4 (read) the book several times, but there are still some difficult words that I can’t understand. I have asked many people, but none of them could understand their 5 (meaning). I have heard that you are a person of rich knowledge, so I come to ask you.” Full of confidence, Su Shi took the book from the old 6 (man) hand, but when he opened it, he became very 7 (surprise) because there were many words he didn’t know. At that moment, Su Shi realized that there were many more things that he had to learn. Actually, the old man knew every word in this book. He just wanted to make Su Shi know the importance of 8 (be) modest. Su Shi was embarrassed (尴尬的) and said, “Now I know why you came. I shouldn’t have been so arrogant (自大的).” The old man smiled and 9 (leave). Then Su Shi quickly took his brush and ink, and added some words to the couplet: Working hard to know all the words in the world; Being determined to read all the books on the earth. From then on, he worked even 10 (hard) than before. Finally, Su Shi made great achievements in many fields, especially in literature. 【答案】 1. highly 2. himself 3. to learn 4. have read 5. meanings 6. man’s 7. surprised 8. being 9. left 10. harder 【导语】本文主要讲述了苏轼“发奋识遍天下字，立志读尽人间书”对联背后的故事。 1. 句意：人们对他的评价很高。think highly of“高度评价”，用副词修饰动词，故填highly。 2. 句意：因此，他很得意，给自己写了一副对联。根据“he became very proud and wrote a couplet (对联) for...”可知，他给自己写了一副对联，himself“他自己”符合语境，故填himself。 3. 句意：一位智者看到这副对联，就想：“苏轼有必要学会谦虚。”此处是“It is+adj+for sb to do sth”句型，使用动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to learn。 4. 句意：到目前为止，这本书我已经读了好几遍，但仍有一些难懂的词我不懂。根据“So far”可知，此处应使用现在完成时，故填have read。 5. 句意：我问过很多人，但没有一个人能理解它们的意思。此处在动词后作宾语，用名词形式，meaning“意思”，their修饰可数名词复数。故填meanings。 6. 句意：苏轼满怀信心地从老人手中接过书，但当他打开它时，他变得非常惊讶，因为里面有很多他不认识的词。此处作定语修饰“hand”，用名词所有格形式man’s，故填man’s。 7. 句意：苏轼满怀信心地从老人手中接过书，但当他打开它时，他变得非常惊讶，因为里面有很多他不认识的词。根据“he became very...”可知，此处在句中作表语，修饰人，用surprised“惊讶的”，故填surprised。 8. 句意：他只是想让苏轼知道谦虚的重要性。of是介词，其后用动名词作宾语，故填being。 9. 句意：老人微笑着离开了。根据“The old man smiled and...”可知，是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填left。 10. 句意：从那时起，他比以前更努力了。根据“than before”可知，应使用副词比较级，故填harder。 Passage 2 （2024·四川内江·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese Tea Chinese tea plays 1 important role in people’s daily life, both at home and abroad. Millions of people want 2 (have) a cup of tea at the start of their morning. China is the homeland of tea. It’s one of the 3 (big) tea producers in the world. It mainly 4 (produce) six kinds of tea—green tea, black tea, Oolong tea, dark tea, white tea, and reprocessed tea. Drinking tea first 5 (become) popular in the Tang and Song Dynasties. According to the records, it probably started in the southwest of China. In Yunnan, there are still some wild tea trees that are over 1, 000 years old. They are 6 (real) uncommon and valuable. According to a Chinese legend (传说), tea was discovered 5, 000 years ago by Shen Nong. Shen Nong was the first Chinese herbal (草药) doctor. He was famous 7 his work to help many 8 (patient). He himself tasted lots of herbs. People could have safe medicine just because of 9 he did. He discovered tea when he traveled to high mountains and collected 10 (difference) plants. Thanks to him, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented. 【答案】 1. an 2. to have 3. biggest 4. produces 5. became 6. really 7. for 8. patients 9. what 10. different 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国的茶文化。 1. 句意：中国茶在国内外人们的日常生活中扮演着重要的角色。play an important role in固定短语，“在……中扮演重要角色”，故填an。 2. 句意：成千上万的人都想在早晨开始时喝杯茶。want to do sth.固定短语，“想要做某事”，故填to have。 3. 句意：它是世界上最大的茶叶生产国之一。根据前面的one of the可知此处用形容词的最高级作定语。故填biggest。 4. 句意：它主要生产六种茶——绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶、黑茶、白茶和再加工茶。描述现状，用一般现在时态，主语为it，谓语动词用三单形式。故填produces。 5. 句意：饮茶最早流行于唐宋时期。句子为一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式。故填became。 6. 句意：它们真的很少见，也很有价值。此处需用副词really“真地”修饰形容词。故填really。 7. 句意：他因帮助许多病人的工作而出名。be famous for“因……而出名”，故填for。 8. 句意：他因帮助许多病人的工作而出名。many修饰复数名词，故填patients。 9. 句意：仅仅因为他的所作所为，人们就能得到安全的药物。根据“He himself tasted lots of herbs.”可知是指仅仅因为他的所作所为，空处应用what引导宾语从句，故填what。 10. 句意：当他去高山旅行并收集不同的植物时，他发现了茶。根据空后plants名词，可知空处应用形容词修饰。故填different。 Passage 3 （2024·青海·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 Wu Muliang is a photographer from a village. He is 1 kind boy. He takes 2 (photo) for old people in his village. Wu Muliang is very young, but he helps his neighbors by 3 (take) pictures. Wu’s grandparents took care 4 him when he was a little boy, but they couldn’t see each other often after he 5 (start) school. Wu’s grandpa died years ago. But there was no picture of him for the family to remember him with. This made Wu and his family very sad. Wu knew that many old people in 6 (he) village didn’t have pictures either. They didn’t have phones with cameras like us, so Wu wanted 7 (help) them take pictures. Wu took pictures of his grandma 8 other old people in the village. Some of them were not very old, but they wanted pictures to remember themselves when they were younger. Wu learned that it’s 9 (importance) to spend time with family from his experience. He will help more old people in his village and other places too. He would like to see them smiling 10 (happy) when they look at their pictures. 【答案】 1. a 2. photos 3. taking 4. of 5. started 6. his 7. to help 8. and 9. important 10. happily 【导语】本文主要介绍吴木良帮自己的奶奶以及全村一共十多位老人拍照这件事。 1. 句意：他是一个善良的男孩。此处泛指一个男孩，“kind”首字母发辅音音素，故填a。 2. 句意：他为村里的老人拍照。take photos“拍照”，故填photos。 3. 句意：吴木良很年轻，但他帮助他的邻居拍照。by是介词，其后加动名词作宾语，故填taking。 4. 句意：吴的祖父母在他还是个小男孩的时候就照顾他，但在他上学后，他们就不能经常见面了。take care of“照顾”，固定短语，故填of。 5. 句意：吴的祖父母在他还是个小男孩的时候就照顾他，但在他上学后，他们就不能经常见面了。本句时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填started。 6. 句意：吴知道他村里的许多老人也没有照片。此处作定语修饰village，用形容词性物主代词his，故填his。 7. 句意：他们没有像我们这样带摄像头的手机，所以吴想帮他们拍照。want to do sth“想要做某事”，故填to help。 8. 句意：吴给他的奶奶和村里的其他老人拍了照片。前后两句构成并列关系，用and连接，故填and。 9. 句意：吴从他的经历中学到，花时间和家人在一起很重要。此处在句中作表语，用其形容词形式，故填important。 10. 句意：他希望看到他们在看照片时开心地微笑。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词happily，故填happily。 19 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $