UNIT 4 Section Ⅲ Using language & Developing ideas-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书Word（外研版）

本讲义围绕欧·亨利短篇小说《二十年后》的阅读理解与语言运用展开，通过Pre-reading导入作者作品，While-reading梳理文本主旨、结构及细节，Post-reading进行难句解构、佳句仿写，并结合创造性与批判性思维训练，辅以词汇句型拓展形成学习支架。 资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，While-reading的细节题与主旨题提升文本理解能力，Post-reading品质升华环节（猜测结局、评价吉米行为）锻炼创造性与批判性思维，词汇句型练习强化语言表达。课中教师可依托分层任务引导学生深度参与，课后学生可通过词汇表、句型练习及文本回顾巩固知识，弥补语言运用短板。

Section Ⅲ　Using language & Developing ideas Step One：Pre-reading Please answer the following question. Can you name some major works of O．Henry? Possible answer： Yes，I can.They are The Gift of the Magi(《麦琪的礼物》)，The Last Leaf(《最后一片叶子》) and The Cop and the Anthem(《警察与赞美诗》)，etc. Step Two: While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea. 　What's the main idea of the text? A．The appointment of the two friends. B．Why the two friends had the appointment. C．How the two friends had the appointment. D．The disappointed appointment. 答案：B Ⅱ.Read for the structure. 学生用书第106页 Ⅲ.Read for details. 1．What was the policeman doing when seeing a man? A．Searching for a criminal. B．Going on a patrol(巡逻). C．Dealing with an urgent thing. D．Helping the man in need. 2．Why did the man go to the West? A．To travel in the West. B．To find his friend. C．To let Jimmy leave New York. D．To earn a lot of money. 3．What did the man and his friend agree to do? A．Make a fortune together. B．Leave New York together. C．Meet again twenty years later. D．Call up each other. 4．What happened after one or two years? A．They still corresponded with each other. B．They met again in the same place. C．They both made a big fortune. D．They couldn't get in touch with each other. 答案：1－4：BDCD Step Three: Post-reading Ⅰ.难句解构 　[尝试翻译] 反正，那天晚上我们约定，不管日后各自情况如何，不管距离多远，都要在二十年后的同一天、同一时间在这儿再次相聚。 　[尝试翻译] 我们认为二十年后，我们俩都应该改变了自己的命运，创造了自己的财富，无论它们将会是什么。 Ⅱ.佳句仿写 1．教材佳句　The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune. 学后仿写　院长将于一个月后访问我校。 The President is to visit our school in a month. 2．教材佳句　We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made，whatever they were going to be. 学后仿写　当学生们为一些错误感到抱歉时，他们往往会低着头。 Students tend to have their heads lowered when they feel sorry for some mistakes. Ⅲ.品质升华 1．Can you guess the end of the story？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) Yes.The policeman was Jimmy.He came for the appointment，but arrested his friend eventually. 2．Do you think that Jimmy did the right thing? Why or why not？(Critical Thinking批判性思维) Yes，because Jimmy was a policeman，after all，whose duty was to protect the security (安全) of the whole society.So although he valued the friendship with Bob，when Jimmy was faced with the dilemma (困境)of friendship and justice，he chose to devote to his duty and defend justice. 学生用书第107页 ………………………………………………………………………………………◎ ①be set in以……为背景 ②check vt.检查，审查(在此可引申为“巡逻”) ③go up to走近……(up是副词，to是介词) ④scar/skɑː/n.伤疤 ⑤dine/daɪn/v.进餐 ⑥chum/tʃʌm/n.好朋友 ⑦chap/tʃæp/n.小伙子，家伙 ⑧be to do...准备做…… ⑨start熟词生义 vi.出发，动身(for引出地点) ⑩make one's fortune发财 fortune/'fɔːtʃ(ə)n/n.大笔的钱，巨款 ⑪drag...out of将……从……处拉出来 ⑫conditions n．(居住、工作或做事情的)环境，境况，条件 ⑬figure 熟词生义 v．认为，以为 figure that...认为…… ⑭ought to应该，应当 ⑮destiny/'destɪni/n.命运，天命 近义　fate n．命运，定数 ⑯pretty adv.相当地；颇 ⑰rather adv.相当，在某种程度上 ⑱meet n．会面(现代英语中多用于指运动会之类的集会) ⑲correspond/ˌkɒrɪ'spɒnd/v.通信 ⑳proposition/ˌprɒpə'zɪʃ(ə)n/n.事业，生意 propose v．提议，建议 ㉑hustle/'hʌs(ə)l/v.拼命干，努力干 ㉒lively熟词生义 adj.精力充沛的；有精神的 ㉓alive/ə'laɪv/adj.活着；有活力，有生气(一般只作表语) ㉔staunch/stɔːntʃ/adj.坚定的，忠实可靠的 ㉕it's worth it ……值得 worth/wɜːθ/adj.值得，有价值 ㉖turn up(意外地或终于)出现 文化采风 After Twenty Years《二十年后》出自欧·亨利的短篇小说集The Four Million，讲述了两个美国青年——鲍勃和吉米·韦尔斯，他们是一对非常要好的朋友，当鲍勃要到西部去创业时，他们相约20年后在大乔·布雷迪餐馆相会，然而两人在20年后却发生了翻天覆地的变化。该小说通过这两个青年20年后重逢之际所发生的意外变化，反映了美国19世纪后半期到第一次世界大战前美国社会生活各方面的深刻变迁。 ◎……………………………………………………………………………………… AFTER TWENTY YEARS BY O．HENRY The short story “After Twenty Years” is set in① New York on a cold，dark night.Most people have left work to go home，and this part of the city is now quiet.A policeman who is checking② the area sees a man outside a shop.He goes up to③ the man and finds he has a scar④ on his face.They have a chat and the man starts to tell his story. 1 “Twenty years ago tonight，”said the man，“ I dined⑤ here at ‘Big Joe’ Brady's with Jimmy Wells，my best chum⑥，and the finest chap⑦ in the world [1].He and I were raised here in New York，just like two brothers，together.I was eighteen and Jimmy was twenty.The next morning I was to⑧ start⑨ for the West to make my fortune⑩.You couldn't have dragged Jimmy out of⑪ New York [2]；he thought it was the only place on earth.Well，we agreed that night that we would meet here again exactly twenty years from that date and time，no matter what our conditions⑫ might be or from what distance we might have to come. [3]We figured⑬ that in twenty years each of us ought to⑭ have our destiny⑮ worked out and our fortunes made，whatever they were going to be. [4]” [1]my best chum及the finest chap in the world在此作Jimmy Wells的同位语，起解释说明的作用。 [2]画线部分用了“couldn't have done...”结构，表示对过去已经发生的事的推测；“could have done...”表示过去有能力做，但没有做。 [3]本句为复合句。we agreed that night是主句，第二个that引导宾语从句，该宾语从句中no matter what引导让步状语从句。 [4]本句为复合句。that引导宾语从句，该宾语从句中whatever引导让步状语从句。have our destiny worked out 及(have) our fortunes made为“have＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，worked out与destiny及made与fortunes之间均为逻辑上的动宾关系。 学生用书第108页 2 “It sounds pretty⑯interesting，”said the policeman.“Rather⑰ a long time between meets⑱，though，it seems to me. [5]Haven't you heard from your friend since you left? [6] ” [5]此处从句，从句用的是一般过去时，主句用的是现在完成时。 [6]since引导时间状语e a thousand miles to stand in this door tonight，and it's worth it㉕ if my old partner turns up㉖.” 3 “Well，yes，for a time we corresponded⑲，” said the other.“But after a year or two we lost track of each other.You see，the West is a pretty big proposition⑳，and I kept hustling㉑ around over it pretty lively㉒.But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he's alive㉓，for he always was the truest，staunchest㉔ old chap in the world. [7] He'll never forget.I camthough引导让步状语从句，主句为前面的It sounds pretty interesting。该让步状语从句的语序可调整为though it seems to me that it's rather a long time between meets。 (Excerpts from“After Twenty Years”by O．Henry) [7]本句中for连接两个并列分句。第一个分句中I know是主句，Jimmy...he's alive是省略了引导词that的宾语从句，该宾语从句中if引导条件状语从句。 ………………………………………………………………………………………◎ 二十年后 ——欧·亨利—— 短篇小说《二十年后》以纽约一个寒冷、漆黑的夜晚为背景。大部分人已经下班回家，城市的这一区域现在很安静。一名正在该地区巡逻的警察看到一个男人站在商店外面。警察走近男人，发现他的脸上有一道伤疤。他们开始聊天，男人开始讲述自己的故事。 1 “二十年前的今晚，”男人说，“我和吉米·韦尔斯——我最好的朋友，也是这世上最好的小伙子——在‘大乔’布雷迪餐馆吃饭。我们俩在纽约一起长大，就像亲兄弟一样。那时我十八岁，吉米二十岁。第二天一早我就要动身去西部赚大钱了。可你没法让吉米走出纽约，他觉得地球上只有(纽约)这么一个地方。反正，那天晚上我们约定，不管日后各自情况如何，不管距离多远，都要在二十年后的同一天、同一时间在这儿再次相聚。我们认为二十年后，我们俩都应该改变了自己的命运，创造了自己的财富，无论它们将会是什么。” 2 “听起来挺有意思，”警察说。“但我觉得，你们这两次见面时间隔太久了。自从你离开后，没有收到过你朋友的消息吗？” 3 “嗯，不是的。我们联系过一段时间，”男人说。“但是一两年后，我们彼此失去了联系。你知道，西部的生意很大，我不停地四处奔波、忙东忙西。但是我知道，只要吉米还活着，他就会来这儿和我见面，因为他一直是这世界上最真诚、最可靠的老伙计。他绝对不会忘记我们的约定。今晚，我从千里之外赶来站在这扇门前，只要我的老朋友出现，这一切就都是值得的。” (节选自欧·亨利的《二十年后》) 学生用书第109页 ◎核心单词——练通 1．we are all teenagers 我们都是十几岁的孩子 2．pour it into a pot 把它倒进锅里 3．personal qualities such as honesty and generosity 诚实、宽容等个人品质 4．ordinary people 普通人 5．drag out 拖出来 6．my old partner 我的老搭档 7．strike the match 划火柴 8．three scenes 三个场景 9．a particular atmosphere 一种特殊的氛围 ◎拓展单词——用活 1．inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的→inspiration n．灵感，鼓舞人心的人或事→inspire v．鼓舞；激励 2．comfort n．安慰，慰藉→comfortable adj.舒适的，舒服的 3．patience n．耐心→patient adj.有耐心的 n．病人→patiently adv.耐心地 4．anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的→anxiously adv.焦虑地，不安地→anxiety n．焦虑，不安 5．distance v．使与……保持距离，撇清和……的关系→distant adj.遥远的 6．appointed adj.约定的，指定的→appoint v．约定，任命→appointment n．约会，任命 7．ashamed adj.感到不好意思的，难为情的→shame n．羞愧 8．unfold v．(卷着的东西)展开，打开→fold v．折叠，合拢 9．location n．地点，位置→locate v．位于，确定……的位置→located adj.位于 10．surroundings n．周围的事物，环境→surround v．包围→surrounding adj.周围的 11．personality n．个性，性格→personal adj.个人的，私人的 规律：-ed是形容词后缀，跟在许多名词或动词后，意为“有……的，有……特点的”。 示例：gift n．礼物；天赋→gifted adj.有天赋的 surprise n．惊奇→surprised adj.感到惊讶的 disappoint n．失望→disappointed adj.失望的 shock n．震惊→shocked adj.震惊的 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．postpone their trip 推迟他们的旅行 2．passion for life 对生活的热情 3．acts of generosity 慷慨的行为 4．a sense of humour 幽默感 5．correspond with... 与……通信 6．criticize the naughty boy bitterly 愤怒地批评那个淘气的男孩 7．plain language 朴素的语言 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．对……开放 be open to 2．闷闷不乐，不高兴 feel down 3．提出 come up with 4．以……开始 begin with 5．收到……的来信 hear from 6．解决；算出；锻炼 work out 第二组　英译汉 7．according to 根据，按照 8．get a deeper understanding of 对……有更深的理解 9．be set in 以……为背景 10．make one's fortune 发财 11．be worth it 值得 12．turn up (意外地或终于)出现 ◎典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示完成句子 1．句型公式　be to do 将要做…… 教材原句　The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune. 第二天一早我就要动身去西部赚大钱了。 学生用书第110页 2.句型公式　couldn't have done sth不可能做了某事 教材原句　You couldn't have dragged Jimmy out of New York；he thought it was the only place on earth. 可你没法让吉米走出纽约，他觉得地球上只有(纽约)这么一个地方。 3．句型公式　have sth done 使……被做 教材原句　We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made，whatever they were going to be. 我们认为二十年后，我们俩都应该改变了自己的命运，创造了自己的财富，无论它们将会是什么。 Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的 (教材原句)Lucy is a smart girl.Her ideas are always inspiring. 露西是个机灵的姑娘。她的想法总是鼓舞人心。 (1)inspire v. 激励，鼓舞；启发；给……灵感 inspire sb to do... 激励某人做某事 inspire sb with.../inspire...in sb 用……激励某人；激起某人的…… (2)inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的 (3)inspiration n. 灵感，鼓舞 单句语法填空/读后续写之情景描写 ①His speech was inspiring (inspire) and touched everyone's heart. ②Her acquaintance with a little boy on a train provided the inspiration (inspire) for the description of the main character in her novel. ③As we all know，positive envy can inspire us to work (work) harder and get promoted. ④受到自己生活故事的启发，大卫决定为那个男孩做点什么。 Inspired by his own life story，David decided to do something for that boy. [中国元素]　The story of Lei Feng is inspiring，and his spirit of selfless dedication is worth learning. 雷锋的故事鼓舞人心，他无私奉献的精神值得学习。 comfort n．安慰，慰藉 (教材原句)one glass of comfort 一杯安慰 (1)in comfort　　　 舒适地 It is a comfort to do sth　 做……是件令人安慰的事 (2)comfortable adj. 安慰的，舒适的 comfortably adv. 舒服地，舒适地 (3)comfort n. 令人感到安慰的人或事物 单句语法填空/应用文写作之日记 ①No effort has been spared to make this hotel a welcoming，comfortable (comfort) place for the past 5 years. ②This kind of chair will enable the audience to sit in comfort while they are watching the shows. ③知道她安然无恙是件令人宽慰的事情。 It's a comfort to know that she is safe and sound. 学生用书第111页 patience n．耐心 (教材原句)...one glass of comfort，two drops of patience，one bag of passion... ……一杯安慰，两滴耐心，一袋激情…… (1)with patience＝patiently 耐心地 have/lose patience with 对……有/失去耐心 (2)patient adj. 耐心的；能忍受的 n. 病人 be patient with sb　 对某人有耐心 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①After all，nature does not require our patience (patient)，but our action. ②Bob is a little slow in understanding，so we have to be patient with him. ③耐心地处理这个微妙的问题是明智的。 ③－1 It would be wise to solve this delicate problem patiently． ③－2 It would be wise to solve this delicate problem with patience．(应用文写作之投稿) anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的 (教材原句) the ability to wait without becoming anxious or angry等待时不会焦虑或生气的能力 (1)be anxious about/for sth 为某事担心/担忧 be anxious for sth/to do sth 渴望某事/做某事 (2)anxiety n. 焦虑，忧虑，担心 with anxiety 焦虑地 单句语法填空/读后续写之心理描写 ①She was anxious to know (know) what had happened. ②He was anxious about/for his family，who were travelling abroad. ③带着焦虑，我上床睡觉了，梦想着我能在这座神奇的山上发现什么。 Anxiously/with anxiety，I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. be set in 以……为背景 (教材原句)The short story “After Twenty Years” is set in New York on a cold，dark night. 短篇小说《二十年后》以纽约的一个寒冷、漆黑的夜晚为背景。 set down　　　　 放下，记下 set off　 出发，动身(与for 连用)；使爆炸；引起 set up　 建立，树立，搭起 set out (to do sth)　 出发；开始(做某事) set about (doing sth) 着手(做某事) 用set的相关短语填空/一句多译 ①He reminded me it was high time that we should set off for the railway station. ②He set up a non-profit organization 10 years ago when he just graduated from college. ③他一到家，就开始打扫房子。 ③－1 The moment he arrived home，he set about cleaning the house．(set about) ③－2 The moment he arrived home，he set out to clean the house．(set out)(读后续写之日常活动) [中国元素]　The film is set in ancient China during the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. 这部电影以古代中国的五代十国为背景。 学生用书第112页 fortune n．大笔的钱，巨款 (教材原句)The next morning I was to start for the West to make my fortune. 第二天一早我就要动身去西部赚大钱了。 (1)have the good fortune to do sth 有幸做某事 make a fortune　 发财 try one's fortune　 碰运气 (2)fortunate adj. 幸运的，运气好的 be fortunate 有幸做某事 It is fortunate that... 幸运的是…… (3)fortunately adv. 幸运地 unfortunately adv. 不幸地 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①To be honest，you'll make a fortune out of the investment. ②Unfortunately (fortunately)，many people around the world are still struggling against hunger. ③She was fortunate enough to find (find) a job as soon as she graduated from the university. ④她很幸运有位英俊体贴的好丈夫。 ④－1 She is fortunate to have/in having a good husband who is handsome and considerate. ④－2 It is fortunate that she has a good husband who is handsome and considerate. ④－3 Fortunately，she has a good husband who is handsome and considerate.(读后续写之人物描写) turn up (意外地或终于)出现 (教材原句)I came a thousand miles to stand in this door tonight，and it's worth it if my old partner turns up. 今晚，我从千里之外赶来站在这扇门前，只要我的老朋友出现，这一切就都是值得的。 turn down　　　　 调小；拒绝 turn over　　 移交；翻身 turn out　　 证明是；结果是 turn to　　 转向；求助于；翻到 turn in　　 上交 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①The cat jumped onto the table，turned over the cage and tried to catch the bird. ②It turned out that he was never there. ③But to my surprise，the staff of the bookstore turned down my request. ④问题是那个人是否会按时出现。 The question is whether that man will turn up on time． appointed adj.约定的，指定的 (教材原句) Bob，I was at the appointed place on time. 鲍勃，我按时到了指定地点。 (1)appoint v.　　 任命，委派，约定 appoint...(to be)/as... 任命……为…… appoint sb to do sth 指派某人做某事 (2)appointment n. 任命；约会 make/have an appointment with sb 与某人约会 keep/break an appointment 守约/失约 单句语法填空/应用文写作之道歉信 ①You can put the books in the appointed (appoint) place，and other participants can have free access to them. ②It's worth making an appointment (appoint) before you go. ③He was appointed as captain of the basketball team and led the players to the next session of the Olympic Games. ④我为不能守约向你道歉。 I apologize to you for failing to keep the appointment． 学生用书第113页 一、一词多义 1．pour v. A．灌，注，倒　B．不断涌向(或涌现)　C．(雨)倾盆而下；下大雨 ①The rain continued to pour down. C ②Letters of complaint continue to pour in. B ③I was in the kitchen，pouring out drinks. A 2．strike v. A．击打　B．袭击　C．突然想到　D．打动，迷住 ①A good idea struck me when I was reading the newspaper. C ②The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake. D ③His competitor struck him on the head，making him badly injured. A ④A terrible earthquake struck the northern part of Peru on May 26，2019. B 二、熟词生义 1．You don't need any special skills for this job，just plain common sense.极普通的 2．By a stroke of fortune he found work almost immediately.运气 Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：have sth done使……被做 (教材原句) We figured that in twenty years each of us ought to have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made, whatever they were going to be. 我们认为二十年后，我们俩都应该改变了自己的命运，创造了自己的财富，无论它们将会是什么。 句中have our destiny worked out and our fortunes made为“have sth done”结构，其中过去分词短语worked out和made分别作宾语our destiny和our fortunes的补足语。 (1)have sth done 让 (别人) 做某事；遭遇/经历某种不幸的事 have sb do sth(＝make sb do sth/get sb to do sth) 让某人做某事 have sb/sth doing 让某人一直在做某事/让某事一直发生 (2)have sth to do 有……事要做(主语自己做) 完成句子 ①理查德在听到这个难过的消息后非常不安，双手叉腰。 Richard got very upset and had his hands on his waist after hearing the sad news.(读后续写之动作描写) ②“我非常抱歉让你等这么久。”他说。 “I am terribly sorry to have you waiting for such a long time.” he said.(读后续写之语言描写) ③“别担心，我会让汤姆帮你完成工作的。”我对他说。 “Don't be worried.I'll have Tom help you finish the work．” I told him.(读后续写之语言描写) 课时测评15　Section Ⅲ　Using language & Developing ideas (时间：45分钟　满分：72分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [语境基础练] 维度一　品句填词(每小题1分，共8分) 1．The houses are so expensive that ordinary (普通的) people can't afford them. 2．Discuss the problem with your partner (伙伴) and both of you should show your ideas to each other. 3．The teacher asked me to drag (拉) the chair over to the window. 4．The little boy came riding full speed down the road on his bicycle.What a dangerous scene (场面) it was! 5．Truth and honesty is a very important quality(品德) among people. 6．Many teenagers (青少年) today are attracted to online games，but they should manage their time so that they won't be addicted to those games. 7．The restaurant is famous for its friendly atmosphere and excellent service. 8．She struck a match and lit another cigarette. 维度二　词形转换(每小题1分，共8分) 1．She was faced with a new job，in unfamiliar surroundings (surround) with strange people. 2．She has such a kind，friendly personality (personal) that we all like her. 3．Teaching children with special needs requires patience (patient) and understanding. 4．She was one of the most inspiring (inspire) people I've ever met. 5．The man didn't come at the appointed (appoint) time，so I waited on. 6．She looked anxiously (anxious) at her parents as if begging for forgiveness. 7．The little girl was fortunate (fortune) because she had a narrow escape from being run over by a car. 8．If you see an incident of animal cruelty，note the date，location (locate)，type and number of the animals involved. 维度三　固定搭配和句式(每小题3分，共15分) 1．这位老人在农村过着舒适的生活。(comfort) The old man is living in the countryside in comfort． 2．幸运的是，汤姆的家人在布鲁克林大桥关闭前不久逃到了布鲁克林。(fortunate) It was fortunate that Tom's family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridges were closed. 3．受邻近的中国的启发，朝鲜在2002年启动了经济改革。(inspire) Inspired by neighboring China，North Korea initiated economic reforms in 2002. 4．这位老人的听力很差。请把电视的声音调大一点。(turn up) The old man's hearing is poor.Please turn up the TV． 5．他们定于明天上午在校门口集合。(be to do) They are to meet at the gate of the school tomorrow morning. 维度四　教材知识迁移(每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面新情景，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The short story “After Twenty Years” is set in New York on a cold，dark night.Everything was very quiet.A policeman on duty found a man with a scar on his face outside “Big Joe” Brady's，and they started to have 1.a chat.The man talked about his best chum and the 2.finest (fine) chap，Jimmy Wells. One night twenty years ago，they 3.dined (dine) at “Big Joe” Brady's.They grew up together in New York and got on very well.4.To make (make) his fortune，he was to start for the West while Jimmy Wells stayed in New York.5.It was on that night that they agreed to meet there again，no matter 6.what their conditions might be or from what 7.distance (distant) they might have to come.At first，they corresponded 8.with each other for a year or two，but then they lost track of each other.However，he believed Jimmy Wells would turn 9.up as they promised，and he 10.would wait (wait) for him there. [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2分，共16分) A (2024·连云港高一期中) Sometimes our friends' behaviour can make us angry；sometimes we can see changes they need to make—but how do we tell them? Are there any ways to make difficult conversations easier? It's important to have evidence (证据) that there is a problem.Evidence that can be agreed on makes it easier for other people to recognize problems.Once you have evidence，it's important to stress how it influences you and others.Psychologist Andrea Bonior suggests framing problems with “I”．Saying “I feel hurt that you spend less time with me” is better than “You never spend time with me！”． Staying calm is of great importance.Being in tension might lead you to act badly and cause an argument.Bonior recommends you should accept that the conversation could make you anxious.If you think about this yourself，it can help you focus on positive results.If you recognize your anxiety to your friend，you will show a more human side.Another psychologist，Laura Brennan，points out how it's important that we let go of our self-respect and don't focus on the need to be proved right.This can help reduce tension. Listening to the other person and asking questions can lower the potential for disagreement.Many experts recommend planning your words，so that you can say things in a way that avoids disagreement.However，Bonior is against overplanning as this can stop you being flexible enough to sincerely follow and join in the discussion. Being patient is necessary.Complicated problems are unlikely to be solved with one conversation.Consider what is possible in one discussion，and that it may be harder than you thought.This will help you to set practical goals for what you can achieve. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何与朋友困难的对话变得更容易，文章给出了建议，包括如何表达自己的感受、如何保持冷静、如何倾听对方的观点以及如何保持耐心。 1．Why should we keep calm in the face of tension? A．To avoid an argument. B．To respect ourselves. C．To make ourselves anxious. D．To focus on right things. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Staying calm... cause an argument.”可知，保持冷静可以避免引发争吵。故选A。 2．What does the underlined word “framing” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Reminding. B．Expressing. C．Ignoring. D．Escaping. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线单词下一句“Saying ‘I feel hurt... time with me！’．”可知，心理学家Andrea Bonior建议在向对方陈述问题时，应该用“我”来说明问题。因此画线词framing意为“表达”，与expressing同义。故选B。 3．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．Overplanning will cause argument. B．Bonior supports overplanning words. C．Argument will disappear by listening. D．Many experts suggest planning words. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知，许多专家建议规划你的措辞。故选D。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Good qualities of a true friend B．Great power of communication C．Effective ways to reduce tension D．Talking to solve friendship problems 答案：D 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章第一段内容以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是如何让困难的对话变得更容易，从而解决友谊的问题。故D项为本文最佳标题。故选D。 B (2024·陕西高一期中) When we're in trouble，we always ask our parents for help.But would you like them to hear the conversations you have with your friends on the school playground? Social networking sites have become extensions(延伸) of the school hallways，so would you add your parents as “friends” and allow them to view your online activities and conversations with friends? In the past the generation gap included a technology gap，where children were up to date with the latest technology and parents were left behind，content to continue their day-to-day lives as they always had because they didn't need to know more about technology.However，many parents are beginning to realize just how important social networks are in their lives.This realization has given many parents the motivation(动机) to educate themselves about social networking sites.These days many people are attracted to social networking sites because they can choose who they have around them，there's also a amount of control over privacy(隐私) that we don't get in real life.Sometimes we feel that privacy is violated(违背) when we must accept a “friend” request from family members. It's a difficult choice whether or not to allow parents to become a part of our online lives.Sometimes we don't want to “refuse” their request because that might hurt their feelings or make them feel you have something to hide.But if you do accept，then you will feel yourself being watched and no longer feel free to communicate the way you did before. A survey suggested parents shouldn't take it personally if their children overlook(忽略) their requests.When a teenager overlooks a parent's friend request，it doesn't necessarily mean that he is hiding something，but it means that he wants to be independent. Perhaps talking with parents and explaining would help soften the blow if you choose not to add them to your friend list. 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了随着父母开始接触网络社交，孩子是否接受父母的好友请求成为一个艰难的选择。 5．What can we infer from Paragraph 2? A．Parents feel secure about their privacy online. B．Parents have realized the importance of social networks. C．Social networks successfully fill the generation gap. D．Social networks offer parents a motivation to educate themselves. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“However，many parents... in their lives.”可推知，许多父母已经意识到了网络社交的重要性。故选B。 6．What may be the reason for teenagers to refuse a parent's friend request? A．They hide something from their parents. B．Their parents make negative comments on them. C．They are unwilling to be watched by parents. D．Their parents tend to fall behind in technology. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“But if you do accept... you did before.”可知，接受父母的好友请求，会让孩子觉得自己被监视了，感觉不能像以前那样自由交流。由此可推知，孩子们拒绝父母好友请求的原因是他们不愿被父母监视。故选C。 7．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A．How to use the social networks correctly. B．How do social networks affect people's life. C．Why do most of teenagers refuse their parents' friend requests. D．How to reduce the unpleasant influence of refusing parents' friend requests. 答案：D 解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，本段主要讲述了如何减少拒绝父母好友请求给他们带来的不愉快。故选D。 8．What is the best title of the passage? A．Parents' Friend Requests B．Privacy Online C．The Importance of Relationship D．The Development of Social Networks 答案：A 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，第一段中的“But would you like... conversations with friends？”用问题引出是否要接受父母的好友请求的话题，接下来文章围绕这个话题分析了作出选择的困难及背后的原因，并讲述了拒绝父母好友请求时的妥善处理办法。故A项为本文最佳标题。故选A。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2分，共10分) (2024·苏州高一期中) How to Make Friends at a New School Starting with a new school can be difficult.Everything seems to be different，and you don't even know where to go for your own classes. 1 ．However，if you use these skills，you can quickly turn some of those strangers into friends. Be yourself 2 ．If some people don't accept you，they're not the kind of friends you need.People often stay together because they have similar interests.For example，someone who does a lot of sports may make friends with those who also run or swim a lot. 3 Remember to be nice to the people you meet at your new school.If you think that you will say something that may make them feel sad，do not say anything and just nod your head if they talk to you.Also，remember to be as helpful as possible! Believe in yourself A smile goes a long way.When you walk in the halls，don't keep your eyes on the floor.Raise your head and make eye contact with other people. 4 ．Introduce yourself.Tell them your name and where you're from. Remember people's names You like it when people use your name，and so do other people. 5 ．Besides，ask them in a kind way if they have a nickname.You'd be surprised how often this may come in handy. A．Be friendly to others B．Making new friends can be hard，too C．Join after-school activities D．Never change what you are to try and fit in E．If you see someone you know，smile or say “Hi” F．People may become angry if you just begin by saying “Hey” each time G．Don't sit at the back of the classroom where other people don't notice you 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在新学校交朋友。 1．答案：B 解析：上文“Starting with a new... your own classes.”说明适应一所新学校会很难，比如你甚至不知道去哪里上课，这是其中一个困难，选项B承接上文，说明了适应新学校的另外一个困难。故选B项。 2．答案：D 解析：小标题Be yourself以及下文“If some people... have similar interests.”说明不要为了与他人建立良好关系而改变自己，选项D承接标题，并引出下文，是对下文的总结与概括。故选D项。 3．答案：A 解析：下文“Remember to be... helpful as possible！”说明要友善对待在新学校遇到的人，选项A可以概括本段内容，为最佳小标题，A项中friendly与下文的nice同义。故选A项。 4．答案：E 解析：上文“A smile goes... with other people.”说明走路时要抬头看别人，并且进行眼神交流，选项E承接上文，走路时要抬头看人，遇到认识的要微笑或打招呼。故选E项。 5．答案：F 解析：上文“You like it... do other people.”说明别人像你一样，喜欢被称呼名字，选项F承接上文，人们都喜欢被叫名字，每次都用“嘿”打招呼，人们可能会生气。故选F项。 学生用书第114页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $