专题01 词汇理解突破策略（全国通用）2026年高考英语阅读理解突破策略及押题

专题01.词汇理解突破策略 词汇是阅读理解的基础，若遇到生词便停滞，会严重影响阅读节奏与理解效率。核心策略围绕 “猜词”“词汇关联” 与 “熟词解码” 展开 —— 不仅能应对陌生词汇，更能破解 “熟悉单词的陌生含义” 这一高考高频陷阱，无需依赖词典也能精准把握词义。策略分析 突破策略操 （一）语境猜词法 通过生词前后的定义解释、举例说明或逻辑关系（因果、转折、对比、并列）推断词义，是最直接的现场突破方法。在实际阅读中，作者常通过显性或隐性的线索帮助读者理解关键信息，需要我们敏锐捕捉语言信号。 1.定义 / 解释线索 关注 “that is”“i.e.”“called” 等标志词或破折号、同位语结构。此类线索如同为生词设置的 “注释窗口”，直接揭示核心含义。 【举例】“His job is a geologist, a scientist who studies rocks and the Earth’s structure.” 【分析】同位语 “a scientist who...” 明确界定 “geologist” 的职业属性，可推断为 “地质学家”。此处同位语以解释性短语的形式，将抽象职业具象化。若遇到 “She is an ornithologist, a specialist in bird biology”，同样可通过同位语判断 “ornithologist” 为 “鸟类学家”。 2.举例线索 借助 “such as”“for example”“including” 等词后的具体实例反推词义。这些实例往往是生词概念的具象化呈现，通过共性归纳可快速锁定词义。 【举例】“The store sells various stationery, such as pens, notebooks and staplers.” 【分析】“pens（钢笔）”“notebooks（笔记本）” 等实例均属办公学习用品，可判断 “stationery” 为 “文具”。当出现 “The museum displays ancient artifacts, like pottery, jade carvings, and bronze vessels” 时，通过列举的陶器、玉器、青铜器，可推断 “artifacts” 指 “手工艺品；文物”。 3.逻辑关系线索 利用因果（because/therefore）、转折（but/however）等关系推导。逻辑连词如同语义的 “导航仪”，能帮助读者在句子间建立关联。 【举例】“She felt drowsy because she stayed up late last night.” 【分析】“stayed up late（熬夜）” 是原因，结合因果逻辑可推断 “drowsy” 意为 “困倦的”。若遇到 “Despite his affluence, he lives a simple life”，“despite” 提示转折关系，通过 “simple life” 反向推测 “affluence” 为 “富裕”。 （二）词根词缀法 利用词根（核心含义）、前缀（改变词义）、后缀（改变词性） 拆解生词，可快速关联已知词汇，扩大 “猜词半径”。英语中 80% 以上的单词都可通过词根词缀解构，掌握常见词素能显著提升词汇解码效率。 常见词根：“port”（携带）、“graph”（书写）、“logy”（学科），如同词汇的 “基因片段”，承载核心语义。 常见前缀：“re-”（重复 / 再次）、“anti-”（反对）、“pre-”（提前），用于修饰词根，改变词汇方向或程度。 常见后缀：“-tion”（名词后缀）、“-able”（可… 的）、“-ize”（动词后缀），主要用于转换词性。 【举例1】transport 【分析】前缀 “trans-”（跨越）+ 词根 “port”（携带）→ 跨越距离携带物品，即 “运输”。类似地，“export”（ex - 向外 + port）意为 “出口”，“import”（im - 向内 + port）意为 “进口”。 【举例2】unpredictable 【分析】前缀 “un-”（否定）+ 词根 “predict”（预测）+ 后缀 “-able”（可… 的）→ 不可预测的。如 “incredible”（in - 否定 + cred 相信 + -ible）表示 “难以置信的”，词缀组合形成完整语义链。 （三）同义 / 反义关联法 关注文中与生词呼应的同义词（替换表达）或反义词（对比表达），通过已知词义推导未知词义。作者为避免重复或强化对比，常使用平行结构或逻辑连词构建语义网络。 1.同义关联 寻找上下文的平行替换表述。此类替换可能是近义词、上义词或下义词，需结合语境判断具体含义。 【举例】“The team achieved victory in the final. Their success made the whole school proud.” 【分析】“success（成功）” 与 “victory” 形成同义呼应，可判断其意为 “胜利”。在 “The politician delivered an impactful oration, a speech that resonated with the audience” 中，“oration” 通过同位语 “a speech” 明确为 “演讲”。 2.反义关联 抓住 “but”“however”“on the contrary”“not” 等转折 / 否定词。这些信号词如同语义的 “急转弯”，帮助读者建立对立概念。 【举例】“Unlike his talkative brother, he is reticent.” 【分析】“unlike” 提示对比关系，“talkative（健谈的）” 的反义可推断 “reticent” 为 “沉默寡言的”。当出现 “The region experiences arid summers, contrasting sharply with its humid winters” 时，通过 “humid” 反推 “arid” 为 “干旱的”。 （四）熟词生义解码法 高考中 70% 以上的词汇障碍并非完全生词，而是 “熟悉单词的陌生含义”。需结合语境破解 “一词多义” 陷阱。熟词生义往往与特定场景或搭配紧密相关，需建立 “词汇 - 语境” 映射思维。试举例如下： 1.address 常见义：地址（n.） 生义：演讲（n.）；处理（v.） 【举例】“The mayor will address the public on environmental protection.” 【分析】结合 “public（公众）”“environmental protection（环保）” 的语境，“address” 此处为 “演讲”。在 “We must address the root causes of the problem” 中，根据 “problem” 搭配可判断 “address” 意为 “处理”。 2.cover 常见义：覆盖（v.） 生义：报道（v.）；涉及（v.） 【举例】“The journalist covered the Olympic Games for his newspaper.” 【分析】“journalist（记者）”“newspaper（报纸）” 提示职业场景，“cover” 此处为 “报道”。若遇到 “This book covers a wide range of historical events”，根据 “book” 与 “events” 的关系，可推断 “cover” 表示 “涉及”。 3.condition 常见义：状况（n.） 生义：疾病（n.） 【举例】“The doctor treated his heart condition successfully.” 【分析】“doctor（医生）”“heart（心脏）” 指向医疗场景，“condition” 此处为 “疾病”。在 “He suffers from a rare skin condition” 中，同样可通过医学语境判断 “condition” 的特殊含义。 应用指南 （一）词汇题 “搜索代入” 三步法 针对高考 “词义推断题”（如 “The word 'XX' probably means...”），可按以下步骤操作： 1.定位原文 首先利用题干关键词（如段落序号、人名、数字等）快速锁定词汇所在段落。找到生词出现的句子后，务必精读其前后 2-3 句。例如，在处理描述实验过程的段落时，生词可能与实验步骤、结果分析紧密相关，扩大语境范围能捕捉到更完整的语义线索。同时，注意段落中是否存在转折（however/but）、因果（therefore/so）等逻辑连接词，这些词能帮助明确生词与上下文的逻辑关系。 2.同性替换 先通过单词后缀判断词性，如以 "-tion" 结尾多为名词，以 "-ify" 结尾多为动词，以 "-ive" 结尾多为形容词。确定词性后，在上下文中寻找同词性的同义词、近义词或解释性短语。比如，当遇到生词 "novelty" 时，若发现后文出现 "new and unique feature"，便可初步判定这是同性替换的呼应词。此外，留意句子结构中的同位语、定语从句等语法结构，它们常包含对生词的直接解释。 3.代入验证 将找到的呼应词替换生词后，需从三个维度验证：一是句子层面，检查替换后句子是否通顺；二是段落层面，确认语义是否符合段落核心观点；三是篇章层面，判断是否与文章主旨一致。例如，若文章主题是环保，而代入的词汇释义与环保概念相悖，则需重新寻找呼应词。同时注意一些干扰项特点，如望文生义（根据单词部分含义编造解释）、过度引申（超出语境的含义），避免落入陷阱。 （二）常见错误规避原则 1.拒绝 “字面直译” 英语阅读中，看似简单的基础词汇往往暗藏玄机，其字面意思与在文本中的实际含义大相径庭。以 “check” 为例，在 “check the spread” 这一短语中，若机械地将其理解为常见的 “检查” 义，会导致对整句话 “阻止扩散” 语义的误解。这种现象在高考阅读中频繁出现，命题人常利用考生对基础词汇的固有认知设置陷阱，因此遇到简单词汇时，需结合语境深入分析，切忌望文生义。 2.避免 “过度推断” 阅读理解的答案必须以原文为依据，在上下文的语境中精准定位，不可脱离文本进行主观臆断或过度联想。例如，若文章仅描述了某产品在市场上的销售数据有所波动，考生不能据此推断出该产品即将面临停产的结论。即使推断逻辑看似合理，但若无原文明确线索支撑，就属于过度推断。正确做法是紧扣文本细节，以事实性语句和逻辑关联词为线索，提炼作者的真实意图。 3.关注 “场景匹配” 英语中存在大量 “熟词生义” 现象，而这些特殊含义往往与特定语境场景紧密相关。如 “bank” 一词，当出现在 “river” 相关描述中，如 “on the bank of the river”，其意为 “河岸”；而在涉及 “money” 的金融场景，如 “go to the bank” 中，则表示 “银行”。此外，不同学科领域也会赋予词汇特殊含义，在科技类文章中，“model” 常表示 “模型”，而在时尚类文章中则意为 “模特”。因此，识别文本的主题场景，是准确理解熟词生义的关键。 押题演练 1 Imagine dining at your favorite restaurant, seated at the best table — next to a window with great views. It is nice and quiet, but the joy experienced during the first hour fades over time. The reason? Habituation. That’s our brain’s tendency to respond less and less to things that are constant, that don’t change. Briefly moving to a noisier area can bring about dishabituation, making the luxury of your window seat feel fresh and more appreciated when you return. For another example, consider vacations. A few years ago Tali, an employee in a travel company, went on a work trip to a sunny resort (度假村) in the Dominican Republic. She wondered if people had a better time at the start of their trips. She interviewed people worldwide and asked them to rate their feelings throughout their holidays in the survey. The data revealed that joy peaked 43 hours in. At the end of day two was when they were happiest. Thereafter it was all downhill. Even when they returned home, many still benefited from a warm holiday afterglow (回味). But within a week, they adjusted to normal life, making it hard to detect any vacation effect on their mood. This evidence suggests that you might benefit most from several small trips spread through the year, rather than one long escape. That way, you will experience the pleasure more often. What about unpleasant experiences? Should you divide those up too? Most people want to bear the unpleasantness bit by bit. When researchers asked people whether they would like a break from a bad smell or just bear it all at once and be done with it,90 people said, “Breaks, please!”. The vast majority — 82 out of 119 — also said they wanted a break from an annoying noise. However, this is incorrect. Breaks interrupted their natural habituation to the unwelcome stimulus. For unpleasant tasks, it’s wiser not to chop them up. Otherwise, when you return, things seem worse. The results of psychological experiments are clear, however, and being mindful of habituation’s powerful effect could help us all experience a bit less pain and a little more pleasure. 1．How does the author introduce the concept of habituation? A．By giving a vivid example. B．By listing specific numbers. C．By illustrating cause and effect. D．By providing a theoretical model. 2．What does Tali’s survey show? A．The ratings of vacation. B．The influence of vacation. C．The reasons for happiness. D．The peak time of happiness. 3．What does the underlined phrase “chop them up” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Mix them together. B．Complete them quickly. C．Postpone them until later. D．Divide them into smaller parts. 4．Which of the following will the author probably agree with? A．Fresh weekend trips. B．A regular walking route. C．Breaks from cleaning the toilet. D．Frequent tasting of a delicious dish. 2 Psychological avoidance (心理回避) or avoiding emotions, a common way to get away from painful and uncomfortable thoughts, feelings or situations, can harm the emotional health and personal growth of high school freshmen. Actually, psychological avoidance can lead to increased levels of anxiety and stress. Avoiding fears and worries only allows them to grow stronger. By avoiding challenging situations, it prevents students from developing important skills, limiting their opportunities for self-discovery and improvement. The famous author J. K. Rowling once said, “It is impossible to live without failing at something, unless you live so carefully that you might as well not have lived at all.” Psychological avoidance directly affects how well students do in their studies. Freshmen who turn to avoidance will always procrastinate, or even miss deadlines (最后期限). By avoiding the necessary efforts and tasks required for learning, students may struggle to gain information, reducing the opportunity to succeed in grades. Psychological avoidance can also cause stress or discomfort to relationships. High school students may avoid discussing their feelings with friends or family members, leading to misunderstandings and a breakdown in communication. Instead of dealing with their emotions, they hold back or hide themselves. Students miss out on the chance to deepen their connections with friends, family and peers, making it harder for them to form healthy relationships. Psychological avoidance may provide comfort for a short period, but in the long run it can have negative influences on our mental health, personal growth, school performance, relationships and other aspects of life. Breaking free from avoidance behaviors is important for school success and self-confidence, and recognizing the harmful effects of avoidance is the first step. 1．J. K. Rowling might agree that by avoiding challenging situations, ______. A．we can discover our deep thoughts and feelings B．we miss out on valuable learning experiences C．we can avoid failing at something more easily D．we have opportunities to avoid fears and worries 2．What does the underlined word “procrastinate” in Paragraph 3probably mean? A．Focus on others. B．Get away from reality. C．Miss out on chances. D．Put off tasks. 3．How does psychological avoidance affect students’ ability to form healthy relationships? A．It fully stops their connections with others. B．It leads to difficult discussions with strangers. C．It easily makes them fail to make new friends. D．It causes them to avoid further communication. 4．What will the following paragraph probably talk about? A．The harmful effects of psychological avoidance. B．The forms of psychological avoidance behaviors. C．The strategies of overcoming psychological avoidance. D．The difficulty of breaking free from avoidance behaviors. 3 A recent study by NYU Abu Dhabi reveals that space rays, high-energy particles (粒子) from space, may generate the energy necessary to support underground life on planets and moons in our solar system. This discovery challenges the long-held belief that life can only live near sunlight or volcanic heat. The research, published in the International Journal of Astrobiology and led by Dimitra Atri, shows that space rays are not always harmful. In fact, they can help microscopic life (微生物)  survive. When space rays hit underground water or ice, they break water molecules (分子) apart, releasing electrons (电子). On Earth, some bacteria can use these electrons for energy, just as plants use sunlight. This process, called radiolysis (辐射分解), can sustain life in dark and cold places without sunlight. Using computers, the researchers explored how much energy this process could generate on Mars and the icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn. These moons are thought to have hidden water beneath their thick ice layers. The study found that Saturn’s moon Enceladus has the greatest potential to support life through radiolysis, followed by Mars and Jupiter’s moon Europa. “This discovery changes the way we think about where life might exist,” said Atri. “Instead of looking only for warm planets with sunlight, we can now consider places that are cold and dark, as long as they have some water beneath the surface and are exposed to space rays. Life might be able to survive in more places than we ever imagined.” The study also introduces the concept of the Radiolytic Habitable Zone, which is different from the traditional “Goldilocks Zone”. Since space rays are widespread in space, there may be many more life-supporting places in the universe. The findings provide new guidance for future space missions. Instead of only looking for signs of life on the surface, scientists might also explore underground environments on Mars and the icy moons, using tools that can detect chemical energy created by space radiation. This research opens up exciting new possibilities in the search for life beyond Earth and suggests that even the coldest and darkest corners of the solar system could harbor life. 1．What common sense does the NYU study mainly challenge? A．Space rays have caused great harm. B．Life merely depends on solar energy. C．Alien life really exists on other planets. D．Volcanic heat is needed on icy moons. 2．How does radiolysis help sustain life? A．By generating light needed by life. B．By reflecting sunlight to water below icy layers. C．By separating water molecules to free electrons. D．By making dark and frozen areas warmer. 3．What does the underlined word “harbor” in the last paragraph mean? A．Control, B．Hide. C．Extend. D．Transform. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Space Rays Provide Energy for Hidden Life. B．Icy Moons Hold More Water Than Mars. C．Volcanic Heat Is No Longer Needed for Life. D．Goldilocks Zone Is Redefined by Sunlight. 4 Quick: what’s your best friend’s phone number? Don’t feel bad if you couldn’t answer off the top of your head. You have no reason to commit phone numbers to memory: it’s just there in your phone. Or perhaps you once had a phone book to store them. In either case, an object does the remembering for you. “Prosthetic memory” (人工记忆) is nothing new. Writing itself has been a means of storing information. Yet the information revolution has generated more data than ever before. We are flooded with information. We’re creating more of it, and keeping more of it. The storage capacity of the human brain has since been eclipsed. No wonder, then, that we’re increasingly dependent on memory prostheses, from libraries to smartphones. Not everyone thinks this trend in external memory is good. Historically, memory prostheses were expensive. As technologies such as printing and photography become more affordable, sharing experiences with others is easier than ever. So every breakfast, every sunset, every encounter with a cat finds its way on to social media. And here comes the worry. When we devote ourselves to capturing and sharing the world in this way, something immensely valuable is lost; when recording so much of our lives, we’re forgetting to actually live them, and so disconnect ourselves from experience. But is our social media-driven transformation wholly bad? If we’re still creating and sharing memories like this, perhaps this is because we’ve not had sufficient time to learn how to do these things without thinking about what we’re doing. It is easy to ignore that the mass social media era is less than a decade old. That’s just a short blink (眨眼) in human history, yet it has totally changed how we live. I suspect we’re not far off from being directly faced with experience yet with the ability to share experience in ways less bounded by geography and time. After all, technology can protect all the moments of a life that would otherwise be lost. 1．What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A．Technology weakens our brains. B．We are burdened with phone numbers. C．We rely more on tools to memorize. D．Technology distances us from our friends. 2．What does the underlined word “eclipsed” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Improved. B．Undervalued. C．Restricted. D．Outperformed. 3．What negative effect does online sharing bring about? A．An overflow of posts. B．High cost of digital devices. C．Addiction to the virtual world. D．Disregard for authentic experience. 4．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A．Have faith in human brains. B．Take time to adapt to digital age. C．Quicken the pace of development. D．Make efforts to enhance memory. 5 Canada is experiencing its second worst wildfire season on record, according to government data, with almost 4,000 fires recorded already this calendar year. Smoke coming across the border has affected air quality in several U.S. states. This weekend, air quality reached concerning levels across Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Parts of Illinois and Indiana are also under air quality alerts. People in New York, Vermont, and Maine are also being advised to limit outdoor activity due to pollution from the smoke. National Weather Service Lead Forecaster Bob Oravec told NPR that the current wind patterns are once again driving the spread of polluted air into the U.S. from Canada. “Air is moving at all levels and a lot of times it’ll move in the same direction through the whole depth of the atmosphere, so the smoke is rising into the winds and the winds just transport it downstream, like anything — like a leaf getting blown,” Oravec explained. On Friday, Minnesota’s Pollution Control Agency extended its statewide air quality alert until noon on Monday, August 4th. Minnesota Public Radio reports the state is currently under its longest air quality alert since the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency began issuing alerts in 2008. The alert is expected to last seven days in total. Earlier this weekend, the agency reported it expected the air quality index (AQI) to reach the most severe level of “red” for all of the state, which is considered unhealthy for everyone. In a statement, the Pollution Control Agency warned that even healthy people may experience symptoms such as irritated eyes, coughing, or shortness of breath. Others could feel more serious impacts, the agency said. “Sensitive or more exposed individuals may experience more serious health effects, including worsening of existing lung disease and respiratory and cardiovascular conditions, possibly leading to an asthma attack, heart attack, or stroke,” according to the Pollution Control Agency statement. Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre reported that more than 700 active fires were burning across Canada on Sunday, mostly in the southern province of Manitoba, directly to the north of Minnesota. The agency says more than 500 are burning out of control. Thousands of Canadians have had to evacuate their homes to escape the fires. 1．What makes the U.S. continue to be affected by Canadian wildfire smoke? A．Canada has stopped managing the wildfires. B．U.S. states lack measures to reduce pollution. C．The wildfires are expected to increase in size. D．Wind patterns consistently drive smoke southward. 2．Which of the following is true? A．Minnesota Public Radio first issued air quality alerts in 2008. B．The U.S. had never experienced any air quality issues before. C．The longest alert in Minnesota before 2025 was shorter than a week. D．Minnesota’s Pollution Control Agency limited alerts to rural areas. 3．What does the underlined part “respiratory and cardiovascular conditions” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Airway and brain systems. B．Digestion and nerve systems. C．Eye and muscle-bone systems. D．Breathing and heart-blood vessel systems. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Wind Patterns Are the Key Factor in Wildfire Smoke Spread B．Smoke from Canadian Wildfires Impacts U.S. Air Quality C．Health Alerts Issued: How to Protect Against Wildfire Smoke D．Canada’s Wildfires: History-Making Season Hits Record High 6 In the digital era, where social media floods with endless sharing, 26-year-old illustrator Lina from Hangzhou stands as a striking example. She regularly posts artworks and travel photos on Instagram but seldom replies to comments or joins in private conversations. “I love sharing colourful moments of my life, yet building deep connections with strangers feels emotionally tired”, she admits. Lina’s attitude represents a growing trend among today’s youth: light socializing, a pattern that prioritizes self-expression over a lot of emotional connections on the Internet. Sociologist Min Li observes that social media, once an important centre for developing relationships, has changed into a “self-showcase” platform for the younger generation. Instead of looking for active interactions, they share content like scenic photos or daily routines, with little expectation of others’ comments. Actions such as casually unfollowing, blocking strangers or using 24-hour disappearing posts show their wish to avoid burdensome “emotional labor” from shallow online ties. This change comes from their desire to run away from great pressure brought by empty digital interactions. While critics consider light socializing as a sign of “emotional coldness”, it actually reflects a thoughtful adaptation. Psychologist Lu Chen argues that by applying this approach, young people regain control over their online space — sharing freely without the anxiety of meeting others’ expectations. Even social platforms have developed to meet this need: many now offer “silent modes”, such as hidden interaction records and one-way posting features, showing the widespread acceptance of light socializing. In a world closely bound by digital connections, light socializing strikes a delicate balance between self-expression and privacy protection. It’s not about turning their backs on people, but about looking for a healthier and more independent way to be online. This trend shows the younger generation’s maturity (成熟) in safeguarding their mental well-being, representing a forward-looking and thoughtful approach to modern social interactions. 1．What does the underlined word “prioritizes” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Largely ignores. B．Greatly changes. C．Wisely avoids. D．Values more. 2．What does Min Li think social media has become for young people now? A．A tool to look for information. B．A center for deep relationships. C．A platform for personal display. D．A space to ease negative feelings. 3．What can be inferred about “light socializing”? A．It balances expression and safety. B．It requires strong social ability. C．It relies mainly on platforms’ settings. D．It makes young people emotionally cold. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Keep Silent Mode On B．Keep the Digital Distance C．Social Media: Free Self-Expression D．Emotional Coldness: Online Life’s Secret 7 The status of the cover song has shape-shifted throughout pop-music history. In the 1950s, it barely even needed a name: It was just the routine way of doing business. During the rock era, covers became suspect as inauthentic, unless an artist “made the song their own”. With the rise of hip-hop, covers were displaced by sampling and remixes, but then samples themselves became more concealed and layered, for reasons of both art and copyright. Since the beginning of this century, the practice has migrated to YouTube, where concert clips or home videos might show off the skills of amateurs and pros alike. You might also look to the songs that were covered on the TV hits and singing competition shows. There’s enough cause to believe that the cover song as a category is regaining status in the music business. Cover songs offer advantages in various ways. As a draw to live shows, for instance, surprising covers can add excitement to a set list — and then can become viral video clips on YouTube. Covering an earlier song can also be a gamble for a new artist or a faded midcareer one to attract notice. If you search for a famous song on a major streaming service, you’re likely to find a lot of covers by seeming nonentities (无足轻重的人) attempting to game the algorithm for clicks — a digital revival of the early record business’s practice of “covering” the marketplace with cheap copies for quick profit. The notion of cover versions has always been appealing to me. It makes me imagine a parallel world where songs are chattering among themselves, dropping around each other’s places for a visit, exchanging sharp remarks and gentle secrets. Covers can sew distant sound worlds together across genres or serve as acts of criticism, revealing aspects of the originals that their makers might never have suspected. 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．The differences of cover songs in various stages. B．The changing status of cover songs in pop history. C．The definition of cover songs in different periods. D．The reasons why cover songs have gained popularity 2．What can we infer about the future of cover songs from paragraph 1? A．They will disappear as hip-hop develops. B．They will take the place of original songs. C．They may grow more influential in music. D．They will only be popular on YouTube and TV. 3．What does the underlined phrase “game the algorithm” probably mean? A．To follow the rules of the algorithm strictly. B．To create new algorithms for streaming services. C．To make use of the algorithm to get more clicks D．To ignore the algorithm and focus on music quality. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To explain how to make a good cover song. B．To present cover songs’ development and significance C．To compare cover songs with sampling and remixes. D．To argue that cover songs are better than original songs. 8 Artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT and Midjourney have become well known for creating text and visuals according to our direct commands. Next up: reconstructing our thoughts. In a study published in May 2023 in Nature Neuroscience, a team of researchers from the University of Texas at Austin showed that an AI decoder (解码器) could translate the words people heard while listening to podcasts (播客) and the images people saw while watching silent movies. Matching specific patterns of brain activity to specific phrases, the AI was trained on three people as they consumed 16 hours of storytelling. From that learning, the technology could decode the thoughts of someone “imagining a story in their head,” says neuroscientist and senior study author Alexander Huth, though its accuracy was greatly reduced for individuals who were not involved in its training. According to the team, the AI could one day be used to assist stroke patients and others who have lost the ability to speak, by decoding their brain activity into words. And the team’s decoder isn’t alone in its mind-reading applications. In March, researchers from Osaka University reported that they’d developed a similar model, Stable Diffusion, that reconstructs images from fMRI (Functional magnetic resonance imaging) scans. If it feels invasive (侵入的), researchers stress that it’s unlikely AI will be able to read your minds without your consent anytime soon. “The current technology is still very far removed from a general-purpose (通用的) mind-reading device,” says Iris Groen, a neuroscientist at the Informatics Institute at the University of Amsterdam. Both approaches require participants to spend hours in fMRI scanners, and the University of Texas AI can make mistakes, sending out gibberish if a person thinks unrelated thoughts. And researchers are still prioritizing the privacy of our internal imaginings, given the pace of AI’s progress. “The brain contains extremely sensitive personal information,” says Yu Takagi, a neuroscientist involved in the Stable Diffusion project. “It should not be subjected to any form of analysis without informed consent.” 1．What can we learn about an AI decoder from the text? A．It can create images of films. B．It can read mind to some extent. C．It can train people for storytelling. D．It can decode the imagination of anyone. 2．What does the word “consent” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Suggestion. B．Participation. C．Application. D．Permission. 3．According to the text, which of the following is true about current AI technology in mind-reading? A．It’s used as a universal mind-reading device. B．It remains in an immature stage. C．It can accurately read people’s thoughts. D．It can be used to regulate people’s thoughts. 4．What should be taken into consideration according to Yu Takagi? A．We should keep up with the pace of AI’s development. B．We should respect people’s privacy when doing research. C．We should avoid making mistakes when doing analyses. D．We should prioritize progress rather than personal feelings. 9 When you see robotic lawnmowers’ blades (割草机的叶片) moving fast, you are expecting a more beautiful and tidier lawn in front of your eyes. But sadly, sometimes you can see injured or even dead hedgehogs (刺猬). What a horrible scene! Sophie Lund Rasmussen, a member of the Wildlife Conservation Research Unit at the University of Oxford, carried out hedgehog crash tests to see if robotic lawnmowers were safe and found the animal was often endangered by the blades because the technology couldn’t detect it. The sensors and cameras are typically too weak to detect hedgehogs hidden in the grass. The automatic computer-controlled lawnmowers are more dangerous to hedgehogs than human-powered machines because a person would likely discern the animal and stop. Rasmussen hopes her tests will be known by designers to ensure robotic lawnmowers are hedgehog-safe. “This will eventually allow for a labeling system guiding the consumers into buying hedgehog-friendly robotic lawnmowers, and therefore contribute to the conservation of this declining and beloved species,” she said. Rasmussen’s finding suggests that these deadly machines need better sensors to spot the animal and change the direction of blades to reduce harm. She added, “The next step is definitely also to apply advanced technology such as camera recognition, which will eventually allow the robotic lawnmowers to detect hedgehogs at a distance, and avoid them.” Rasmussen tested 19 different types of robotic lawnmowers which are available to buy and found some models were safer for small hedgehogs than others. However, all of these lawnmowers had to physically interact with hedgehogs to detect them before they reacted. Her wish for future machines was that they could detect hedgehogs at a distance and change direction. “For now, the best advice is to check the lawn for any hedgehog before starting the robotic lawnmower or to only let it run during the day as this reduces the risk of encounters with hedgehogs, which are active primarily at night,” Rasmussen said. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly intended to show? A．Robotic lawnmowers have gained popularity. B．The number of hedgehogs is declining quickly. C．It’s very challenging to maintain a beautiful lawn. D．Robotic lawnmowers are dangerous to hedgehogs. 2．What does the underlined word “discern” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Spot. B．Support. C．hide. D．Protect. 3．Rasmussen hopes current robotic lawnmowers can be _________. A．sold at a more reasonable price B．improved with high technology C．redesigned by some animal lovers D．changed into human-powered machines 4．What is Rasmussen’s suggestion on using robotic lawnmowers? A．checking their blades first. B．Following them all the time. C．Training them with hedgehogs. D．Avoiding using them at night. 10 Polymetallic nodules (多金属结核) on the deep-ocean seafloor contain minerals like cobalt and nickel, which mining companies hope to harvest for green-energy batteries and technologies. However, a recent study suggests these prized, potato-sized rocks may also serve as a source of oxygen for the bacteria and other microorganisms living there. Jeffrey Marlow, one of the authors of the study, said researchers planted some watertight structures on the ocean floor, which he described as overturned boxes equipped with instruments designed to measure the property and composition of living things and their probable usage of oxygen. Researchers measured the oxygen loss over a 48-hour period while the structure was sealed on the seafloor. Typically, a decline in oxygen is an indicator for biological abundance because breathing organisms consume it. Yet, contrary to all expectations, they observed a rise in oxygen levels, a finding that directly challenged conventional understanding. But not everyone is on the same wavelength as him. Canada’s The Metals Co. stated the study had been rejected by four scientific publications until finding a home at Nature, which the company labeled as “a journal that has long championed the preservation of deep-sea mineral.” TMC also said the method was wrong, arguing the team’s findings contradicted other work that had been conducted in the Pacific Ocean’s Clarion-Clipper Zone. “The heightened oxygen levels are in fact erroneous in the data, and we are currently preparing a peer-reviewed paper as a fightback,” said the company. Bo Barker, a microbiologist at Denmark’s Aarhus University, said the study invited more questions than it did answers. He described it as a “novel but very confusing process for which the mechanism is still not clear.” For years, companies such as Canada’s TMC have been battling to persuade the international governing authority to green-light their plans to obtain these rocks in the Pacific Ocean’s CCZ. The company has argued that the metals are essential for fossil fuel-free technologies and that the impact mining will have on the ocean floor is not only minimal, but also fades next to the destruction of rain forests and human communities caused by land-based mining. 1．What can be inferred about the recent study? A．It cast light on new organisms. B．It capitalized on costly equipment. C．It consumed considerable time. D．It documented oxygen concentration. 2．What does the underlined word “erroneous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Misleading. B．Pronounced. C．Precise. D．Imaginary. 3．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．Summarize the previous paragraphs. B．Introduce a new topic for discussion. C．Add some background information. D．Clarify some writing techniques. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Minerals, a Mixed Blessing B．TMC, an Eco- minded Enterprise C．A Tiny Stone: a Big Wave D．Oxygen: the Lifeline for CCZ 11 When we think about invertebrates (无脊椎动物), most of us picture bees, worms, or perhaps even a jellyfish. But did you know that at least two-thirds of invertebrates work the night shift, meaning many are unlikely to be seen? They use phases of the moon and star light to learn about the world and make vital decisions. Many insects use the faint glow of the moon or stars to tell which way is up when flying in complete darkness. For centuries, artificial light has been a symbol of progress. Light has shaped human civilization. But while we celebrate its convenience, we often overlook the darker side of our obsession with illumination (照明): light pollution. It’s a disruptor of ecosystems, with profound consequences for wildlife, human health and energy consumption. A 2021 study found that caterpillar populations were 52% lower in areas with street lights. The winter moth is a small but essential species. In early spring its caterpillars provide a critical food source for blue tit chicks. But light pollution disorients (使迷惑方向) the adult moths, disrupts mating and affects egg-laying, leading to fewer caterpillars. With declining caterpillar numbers, blue tit struggle to feed their young. In one sense, light pollution is relatively easy to fix — we can simply not turn on the lights and allow the night to be lighted naturally by moonlight. Logically, this is mostly not feasible as lights are meant for the benefit of humans who are often unwilling to give them up. In the absence of turning off the lights, there are other management approaches we can take to lessen their impact. We can limit their number; reduce their intensity and the time they are on. The extent to which invertebrates have responded to artificial light remains unspecified and it also remains unknown whether they can adapt to additional temporal changes. These changes likely affect individual fitness, so additional studies are needed to determine the selective pressure artificial light produces. An interdisciplinary (跨学科) approach is required to determine broader scale effects of artificial light on wildlife biodiversity and ecosystem health, and to determine relevant strategies. 1．What do we know about the majority of invertebrates? A．They are active at night. B．They use darkness to hide. C．They are becoming extinct. D．They are intelligent creatures. 2．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning caterpillar populations in paragraph 3? A．The challenge in wildlife conservation. B．The importance of a balanced ecosystem. C．The urgency of saving species through food. D．The effect of light pollution on the food chain. 3．What does the underlined word “feasible” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Odd. B．Workable. C．Crazy. D．Disturbing. 4．What does the author think of potential management approaches? A．They are pioneering. B．They are easy to apply. C．They prove to be effective. D．They call for in-depth research. 12 Have you ever wondered why certain songs or paintings feel deeply satisfying? Language expert Jay Keyser’s research finds that repetition makes art speak to us. Artists like jazz musician Duke Ellington and painter Andy Warhol purposefully use repetition — not simply as copying, but as a clever “same, but different” skill. In Ellington’s Satin Doll, for example, the rhythm repeats while the notes stay high or low, and the song’s words mirror this pattern. Warhol’s soup cans appear alike at first sight, yet each design changes a little. This skill called “same/except” by Jay Keyser in his book Play it again, Sam — makes art feel richer and more pleasant to our brains. Interestingly, discovering repetition brings much more. Consider a photograph of the US city of Albuquerque that is often discussed for its meaning. Look closer, and you may find that a dog sits in the center with a street sign shadow to its right copying its shape. Recognizing this hidden pattern, as Keyser suggests, repays us with unexpected pleasure and more. Training our eyes to notice such patterns — whether in poetry, paintings or songs — unlocks new meaning. Why does repetition create such a connection? According to Keyser, science offers an answer: the mere exposure effect (单纯曝光效应). Just as a baby grows fond of a mother’s face through repeated sights, we naturally develop a liking for familiar patterns. Advertisers use this by repeating product names to build trust. Artists harness it too — Warhol’s repeated cans or a song’s repeated catchy parts make us feel comforted and connected. Keyser shows great art works with the brain’s makeup. When artists repeat certain parts with changes, the art is in line with how our minds seek order, expect patterns, and gain joy from “finding” connections — though we are not aware of it. By studying how artists skillfully apply the “same/except” skill across mediums, and by connecting these choices with science, we gain the key to admiring creativity’s universal magic. This makes everyday experiences with music, paintings, and words much richer. 1．What does the “same/except” skill focus on? A．Non-traditional artistic styles. B．Combining different art forms. C．Repetition with slight variations. D．Breaking all patterns completely. 2．What does the example of the Albuquerque photo highlight? A．Fun designs attract more attention. B．Admiring street art lifts one’s spirits. C．Repetition enriches art experiences. D．Famous art deserves lasting discussion. 3．What does the underlined word “harness” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Take advantage of. B．Turn down. C．Have control of. D．Make out. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．Art sometimes matches our mindset. B．Science explains artistic techniques. C．Artists use repetition unconsciously. D．Creativity is the key to admiring art. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01.词汇理解突破策略 策略分析 词汇是阅读理解的基础，若遇到生词便停滞，会严重影响阅读节奏与理解效率。核心策略围绕 “猜词”“词汇关联” 与 “熟词解码” 展开 —— 不仅能应对陌生词汇，更能破解 “熟悉单词的陌生含义” 这一高考高频陷阱，无需依赖词典也能精准把握词义。 突破策略操 （一）语境猜词法 通过生词前后的定义解释、举例说明或逻辑关系（因果、转折、对比、并列）推断词义，是最直接的现场突破方法。在实际阅读中，作者常通过显性或隐性的线索帮助读者理解关键信息，需要我们敏锐捕捉语言信号。 1.定义 / 解释线索 关注 “that is”“i.e.”“called” 等标志词或破折号、同位语结构。此类线索如同为生词设置的 “注释窗口”，直接揭示核心含义。 【举例】“His job is a geologist, a scientist who studies rocks and the Earth’s structure.” 【分析】同位语 “a scientist who...” 明确界定 “geologist” 的职业属性，可推断为 “地质学家”。此处同位语以解释性短语的形式，将抽象职业具象化。若遇到 “She is an ornithologist, a specialist in bird biology”，同样可通过同位语判断 “ornithologist” 为 “鸟类学家”。 2.举例线索 借助 “such as”“for example”“including” 等词后的具体实例反推词义。这些实例往往是生词概念的具象化呈现，通过共性归纳可快速锁定词义。 【举例】“The store sells various stationery, such as pens, notebooks and staplers.” 【分析】“pens（钢笔）”“notebooks（笔记本）” 等实例均属办公学习用品，可判断 “stationery” 为 “文具”。当出现 “The museum displays ancient artifacts, like pottery, jade carvings, and bronze vessels” 时，通过列举的陶器、玉器、青铜器，可推断 “artifacts” 指 “手工艺品；文物”。 3.逻辑关系线索 利用因果（because/therefore）、转折（but/however）等关系推导。逻辑连词如同语义的 “导航仪”，能帮助读者在句子间建立关联。 【举例】“She felt drowsy because she stayed up late last night.” 【分析】“stayed up late（熬夜）” 是原因，结合因果逻辑可推断 “drowsy” 意为 “困倦的”。若遇到 “Despite his affluence, he lives a simple life”，“despite” 提示转折关系，通过 “simple life” 反向推测 “affluence” 为 “富裕”。 （二）词根词缀法 利用词根（核心含义）、前缀（改变词义）、后缀（改变词性） 拆解生词，可快速关联已知词汇，扩大 “猜词半径”。英语中 80% 以上的单词都可通过词根词缀解构，掌握常见词素能显著提升词汇解码效率。 常见词根：“port”（携带）、“graph”（书写）、“logy”（学科），如同词汇的 “基因片段”，承载核心语义。 常见前缀：“re-”（重复 / 再次）、“anti-”（反对）、“pre-”（提前），用于修饰词根，改变词汇方向或程度。 常见后缀：“-tion”（名词后缀）、“-able”（可… 的）、“-ize”（动词后缀），主要用于转换词性。 【举例1】transport 【分析】前缀 “trans-”（跨越）+ 词根 “port”（携带）→ 跨越距离携带物品，即 “运输”。类似地，“export”（ex - 向外 + port）意为 “出口”，“import”（im - 向内 + port）意为 “进口”。 【举例2】unpredictable 【分析】前缀 “un-”（否定）+ 词根 “predict”（预测）+ 后缀 “-able”（可… 的）→ 不可预测的。如 “incredible”（in - 否定 + cred 相信 + -ible）表示 “难以置信的”，词缀组合形成完整语义链。 （三）同义 / 反义关联法 关注文中与生词呼应的同义词（替换表达）或反义词（对比表达），通过已知词义推导未知词义。作者为避免重复或强化对比，常使用平行结构或逻辑连词构建语义网络。 1.同义关联 寻找上下文的平行替换表述。此类替换可能是近义词、上义词或下义词，需结合语境判断具体含义。 【举例】“The team achieved victory in the final. Their success made the whole school proud.” 【分析】“success（成功）” 与 “victory” 形成同义呼应，可判断其意为 “胜利”。在 “The politician delivered an impactful oration, a speech that resonated with the audience” 中，“oration” 通过同位语 “a speech” 明确为 “演讲”。 2.反义关联 抓住 “but”“however”“on the contrary”“not” 等转折 / 否定词。这些信号词如同语义的 “急转弯”，帮助读者建立对立概念。 【举例】“Unlike his talkative brother, he is reticent.” 【分析】“unlike” 提示对比关系，“talkative（健谈的）” 的反义可推断 “reticent” 为 “沉默寡言的”。当出现 “The region experiences arid summers, contrasting sharply with its humid winters” 时，通过 “humid” 反推 “arid” 为 “干旱的”。 （四）熟词生义解码法 高考中 70% 以上的词汇障碍并非完全生词，而是 “熟悉单词的陌生含义”。需结合语境破解 “一词多义” 陷阱。熟词生义往往与特定场景或搭配紧密相关，需建立 “词汇 - 语境” 映射思维。试举例如下： 1.address 常见义：地址（n.） 生义：演讲（n.）；处理（v.） 【举例】“The mayor will address the public on environmental protection.” 【分析】结合 “public（公众）”“environmental protection（环保）” 的语境，“address” 此处为 “演讲”。在 “We must address the root causes of the problem” 中，根据 “problem” 搭配可判断 “address” 意为 “处理”。 2.cover 常见义：覆盖（v.） 生义：报道（v.）；涉及（v.） 【举例】“The journalist covered the Olympic Games for his newspaper.” 【分析】“journalist（记者）”“newspaper（报纸）” 提示职业场景，“cover” 此处为 “报道”。若遇到 “This book covers a wide range of historical events”，根据 “book” 与 “events” 的关系，可推断 “cover” 表示 “涉及”。 3.condition 常见义：状况（n.） 生义：疾病（n.） 【举例】“The doctor treated his heart condition successfully.” 【分析】“doctor（医生）”“heart（心脏）” 指向医疗场景，“condition” 此处为 “疾病”。在 “He suffers from a rare skin condition” 中，同样可通过医学语境判断 “condition” 的特殊含义。 应用指南 （一）词汇题 “搜索代入” 三步法 针对高考 “词义推断题”（如 “The word 'XX' probably means...”），可按以下步骤操作： 1.定位原文 首先利用题干关键词（如段落序号、人名、数字等）快速锁定词汇所在段落。找到生词出现的句子后，务必精读其前后 2-3 句。例如，在处理描述实验过程的段落时，生词可能与实验步骤、结果分析紧密相关，扩大语境范围能捕捉到更完整的语义线索。同时，注意段落中是否存在转折（however/but）、因果（therefore/so）等逻辑连接词，这些词能帮助明确生词与上下文的逻辑关系。 2.同性替换 先通过单词后缀判断词性，如以 "-tion" 结尾多为名词，以 "-ify" 结尾多为动词，以 "-ive" 结尾多为形容词。确定词性后，在上下文中寻找同词性的同义词、近义词或解释性短语。比如，当遇到生词 "novelty" 时，若发现后文出现 "new and unique feature"，便可初步判定这是同性替换的呼应词。此外，留意句子结构中的同位语、定语从句等语法结构，它们常包含对生词的直接解释。 3.代入验证 将找到的呼应词替换生词后，需从三个维度验证：一是句子层面，检查替换后句子是否通顺；二是段落层面，确认语义是否符合段落核心观点；三是篇章层面，判断是否与文章主旨一致。例如，若文章主题是环保，而代入的词汇释义与环保概念相悖，则需重新寻找呼应词。同时注意一些干扰项特点，如望文生义（根据单词部分含义编造解释）、过度引申（超出语境的含义），避免落入陷阱。 （二）常见错误规避原则 1.拒绝 “字面直译” 英语阅读中，看似简单的基础词汇往往暗藏玄机，其字面意思与在文本中的实际含义大相径庭。以 “check” 为例，在 “check the spread” 这一短语中，若机械地将其理解为常见的 “检查” 义，会导致对整句话 “阻止扩散” 语义的误解。这种现象在高考阅读中频繁出现，命题人常利用考生对基础词汇的固有认知设置陷阱，因此遇到简单词汇时，需结合语境深入分析，切忌望文生义。 2.避免 “过度推断” 阅读理解的答案必须以原文为依据，在上下文的语境中精准定位，不可脱离文本进行主观臆断或过度联想。例如，若文章仅描述了某产品在市场上的销售数据有所波动，考生不能据此推断出该产品即将面临停产的结论。即使推断逻辑看似合理，但若无原文明确线索支撑，就属于过度推断。正确做法是紧扣文本细节，以事实性语句和逻辑关联词为线索，提炼作者的真实意图。 3.关注 “场景匹配” 英语中存在大量 “熟词生义” 现象，而这些特殊含义往往与特定语境场景紧密相关。如 “bank” 一词，当出现在 “river” 相关描述中，如 “on the bank of the river”，其意为 “河岸”；而在涉及 “money” 的金融场景，如 “go to the bank” 中，则表示 “银行”。此外，不同学科领域也会赋予词汇特殊含义，在科技类文章中，“model” 常表示 “模型”，而在时尚类文章中则意为 “模特”。因此，识别文本的主题场景，是准确理解熟词生义的关键。 押题演练 1 Imagine dining at your favorite restaurant, seated at the best table — next to a window with great views. It is nice and quiet, but the joy experienced during the first hour fades over time. The reason? Habituation. That’s our brain’s tendency to respond less and less to things that are constant, that don’t change. Briefly moving to a noisier area can bring about dishabituation, making the luxury of your window seat feel fresh and more appreciated when you return. For another example, consider vacations. A few years ago Tali, an employee in a travel company, went on a work trip to a sunny resort (度假村) in the Dominican Republic. She wondered if people had a better time at the start of their trips. She interviewed people worldwide and asked them to rate their feelings throughout their holidays in the survey. The data revealed that joy peaked 43 hours in. At the end of day two was when they were happiest. Thereafter it was all downhill. Even when they returned home, many still benefited from a warm holiday afterglow (回味). But within a week, they adjusted to normal life, making it hard to detect any vacation effect on their mood. This evidence suggests that you might benefit most from several small trips spread through the year, rather than one long escape. That way, you will experience the pleasure more often. What about unpleasant experiences? Should you divide those up too? Most people want to bear the unpleasantness bit by bit. When researchers asked people whether they would like a break from a bad smell or just bear it all at once and be done with it,90 people said, “Breaks, please!”. The vast majority — 82 out of 119 — also said they wanted a break from an annoying noise. However, this is incorrect. Breaks interrupted their natural habituation to the unwelcome stimulus. For unpleasant tasks, it’s wiser not to chop them up. Otherwise, when you return, things seem worse. The results of psychological experiments are clear, however, and being mindful of habituation’s powerful effect could help us all experience a bit less pain and a little more pleasure. 1．How does the author introduce the concept of habituation? A．By giving a vivid example. B．By listing specific numbers. C．By illustrating cause and effect. D．By providing a theoretical model. 2．What does Tali’s survey show? A．The ratings of vacation. B．The influence of vacation. C．The reasons for happiness. D．The peak time of happiness. 3．What does the underlined phrase “chop them up” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Mix them together. B．Complete them quickly. C．Postpone them until later. D．Divide them into smaller parts. 4．Which of the following will the author probably agree with? A．Fresh weekend trips. B．A regular walking route. C．Breaks from cleaning the toilet. D．Frequent tasting of a delicious dish. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了大脑的习惯化及其对快乐和痛苦体验的影响，并通过具体例子说明如何利用这一现象来提升生活体验。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Imagine dining at your favorite restaurant, seated at the best table — next to a window with great views. It is nice and quiet, but the joy experienced during the first hour fades over time. The reason? Habituation.(想象一下，在你最喜欢的餐厅用餐，坐在最好的桌子旁——靠窗，视野极佳。这里安静宜人，但第一小时所体验到的快乐会随着时间的推移而逐渐消失。原因是什么？适应现象。)”可知，作者通过描述在最喜欢的餐厅用餐的生动例子来引入适应的概念。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“She interviewed people worldwide and asked them to rate their feelings throughout their holidays in the survey. The data revealed that joy peaked 43 hours in. At the end of day two was when they were happiest.(她采访了世界各地的人，并要求他们在调查中对自己的假期感受进行评分。数据显示，快乐在43小时时达到顶峰。第二天结束时是他们最快乐的时刻。)”可知，Tali的调查显示的是快乐的巅峰时刻。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据上文“What about unpleasant experiences? Should you divide those up too? Most people want to bear the unpleasantness bit by bit. When researchers asked people whether they would like a break from a bad smell or just bear it all at once and be done with it,90 people said, “Breaks, please!”. The vast majority — 82 out of 119 — also said they wanted a break from an annoying noise. However, this is incorrect. (那不愉快的经历呢？也应该把它们拆分来面对吗？大多数人都想一点一点地承受不愉快。研究人员曾询问人们，面对难闻的气味，他们是希望中途休息一下，还是干脆一次性忍完就结束，有90人回答：“请给我休息时间！”。绝大多数人——119人中的82人——也表示，面对令人烦躁的噪音，他们也想中途暂停。然而，这种做法是错误的。)”可知，对于不愉快的任务，更明智的做法是不要拆分它们。由此可知，chop them up意为“将任务拆分，中间中断”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“This evidence suggests that you might benefit most from several small trips spread through the year, rather than one long escape. That way, you will experience the pleasure more often.(这些证据表明，一年中分散进行几次小旅行可能比一次时间较长的外出更能让你受益。这样，你会更频繁地体验到快乐。)”可知，作者可能会同意分散进行几次小旅行，即新鲜的周末旅行。故选A。 2 Psychological avoidance (心理回避) or avoiding emotions, a common way to get away from painful and uncomfortable thoughts, feelings or situations, can harm the emotional health and personal growth of high school freshmen. Actually, psychological avoidance can lead to increased levels of anxiety and stress. Avoiding fears and worries only allows them to grow stronger. By avoiding challenging situations, it prevents students from developing important skills, limiting their opportunities for self-discovery and improvement. The famous author J. K. Rowling once said, “It is impossible to live without failing at something, unless you live so carefully that you might as well not have lived at all.” Psychological avoidance directly affects how well students do in their studies. Freshmen who turn to avoidance will always procrastinate, or even miss deadlines (最后期限). By avoiding the necessary efforts and tasks required for learning, students may struggle to gain information, reducing the opportunity to succeed in grades. Psychological avoidance can also cause stress or discomfort to relationships. High school students may avoid discussing their feelings with friends or family members, leading to misunderstandings and a breakdown in communication. Instead of dealing with their emotions, they hold back or hide themselves. Students miss out on the chance to deepen their connections with friends, family and peers, making it harder for them to form healthy relationships. Psychological avoidance may provide comfort for a short period, but in the long run it can have negative influences on our mental health, personal growth, school performance, relationships and other aspects of life. Breaking free from avoidance behaviors is important for school success and self-confidence, and recognizing the harmful effects of avoidance is the first step. 1．J. K. Rowling might agree that by avoiding challenging situations, ______. A．we can discover our deep thoughts and feelings B．we miss out on valuable learning experiences C．we can avoid failing at something more easily D．we have opportunities to avoid fears and worries 2．What does the underlined word “procrastinate” in Paragraph 3probably mean? A．Focus on others. B．Get away from reality. C．Miss out on chances. D．Put off tasks. 3．How does psychological avoidance affect students’ ability to form healthy relationships? A．It fully stops their connections with others. B．It leads to difficult discussions with strangers. C．It easily makes them fail to make new friends. D．It causes them to avoid further communication. 4．What will the following paragraph probably talk about? A．The harmful effects of psychological avoidance. B．The forms of psychological avoidance behaviors. C．The strategies of overcoming psychological avoidance. D．The difficulty of breaking free from avoidance behaviors. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了心理回避这一现象对高中生情感健康和个人成长的负面影响，包括增加焦虑和压力、阻碍学习表现、破坏人际关系等方面，并强调了认识到心理回避的危害性对于学校成功和自信的重要性。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段中“By avoiding challenging situations, it prevents students from developing important skills, limiting their opportunities for self-discovery and improvement. The famous author J. K. Rowling once said, “It is impossible to live without failing at something, unless you live so carefully that you might as well not have lived at all.”(逃避挑战性情境会阻碍学生培养关键能力，限制他们自我探索与提升的机会。著名作家J.K.罗琳曾经说过：“人生不可能从不失败，除非你活得如此谨小慎微，那还不如从未活过。”)”可知，J.K.罗琳认为人生不可能从不失败，回避挑战，学生将无法发展重要技能，也失去了自我发现和提升的机会，即错过了宝贵的学习经历。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“or even miss deadlines (最后期限). (甚至错过最后期限)”可推知，此处描述的是回避挑战的学生的负面行为模式，即总是拖延任务，甚至导致错过最后期限。故划线词的意思是“推迟任务”，与D项“Put off tasks.”意思相近。故选D项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“High school students may avoid discussing their feelings with friends or family members, leading to misunderstandings and a breakdown in communication. Instead of dealing with their emotions, they hold back or hide themselves. Students miss out on the chance to deepen their connections with friends, family and peers, making it harder for them to form healthy relationships.(高中生可能会避免与朋友或家人讨论他们的感受，导致误解和沟通障碍。他们没有处理自己的情绪，而是隐瞒或隐藏自己。学生们错过了加深与朋友、家人和同龄人联系的机会，这使得他们更难建立健康的人际关系)”可知，心理回避导致学生避免与他人深入交流情感，从而破坏了建立健康关系的机会。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Breaking free from avoidance behaviors is important for school success and self-confidence, and recognizing the harmful effects of avoidance is the first step.(对在学校的成功和自信心很重要”或“对学业成功和自信心很重要，认识到回避的危害是第一步)”可知，文章最后提到摆脱回避行为的第一步，由此推知，后文会介绍更多克服心理回避的策略。故选C项。 3 A recent study by NYU Abu Dhabi reveals that space rays, high-energy particles (粒子) from space, may generate the energy necessary to support underground life on planets and moons in our solar system. This discovery challenges the long-held belief that life can only live near sunlight or volcanic heat. The research, published in the International Journal of Astrobiology and led by Dimitra Atri, shows that space rays are not always harmful. In fact, they can help microscopic life (微生物)  survive. When space rays hit underground water or ice, they break water molecules (分子) apart, releasing electrons (电子). On Earth, some bacteria can use these electrons for energy, just as plants use sunlight. This process, called radiolysis (辐射分解), can sustain life in dark and cold places without sunlight. Using computers, the researchers explored how much energy this process could generate on Mars and the icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn. These moons are thought to have hidden water beneath their thick ice layers. The study found that Saturn’s moon Enceladus has the greatest potential to support life through radiolysis, followed by Mars and Jupiter’s moon Europa. “This discovery changes the way we think about where life might exist,” said Atri. “Instead of looking only for warm planets with sunlight, we can now consider places that are cold and dark, as long as they have some water beneath the surface and are exposed to space rays. Life might be able to survive in more places than we ever imagined.” The study also introduces the concept of the Radiolytic Habitable Zone, which is different from the traditional “Goldilocks Zone”. Since space rays are widespread in space, there may be many more life-supporting places in the universe. The findings provide new guidance for future space missions. Instead of only looking for signs of life on the surface, scientists might also explore underground environments on Mars and the icy moons, using tools that can detect chemical energy created by space radiation. This research opens up exciting new possibilities in the search for life beyond Earth and suggests that even the coldest and darkest corners of the solar system could harbor life. 1．What common sense does the NYU study mainly challenge? A．Space rays have caused great harm. B．Life merely depends on solar energy. C．Alien life really exists on other planets. D．Volcanic heat is needed on icy moons. 2．How does radiolysis help sustain life? A．By generating light needed by life. B．By reflecting sunlight to water below icy layers. C．By separating water molecules to free electrons. D．By making dark and frozen areas warmer. 3．What does the underlined word “harbor” in the last paragraph mean? A．Control, B．Hide. C．Extend. D．Transform. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Space Rays Provide Energy for Hidden Life. B．Icy Moons Hold More Water Than Mars. C．Volcanic Heat Is No Longer Needed for Life. D．Goldilocks Zone Is Redefined by Sunlight. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了纽约大学阿布扎比分校的一项研究表明来自太空的高能粒子——空间射线，可能为太阳系内行星和卫星的地下生命提供必要的能量，这一发现挑战了传统观念，并为未来太空任务提供了新方向。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“This discovery challenges the long-held belief that life can only live near sunlight or volcanic heat.(这一发现打破了长期以来的认知——生命只能在阳光或火山热源附近存活)”可知，这项研究挑战了生命只能依赖太阳或火山热源这一传统观念，也就是挑战了生命仅仅依赖于太阳能这一观念。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When space rays hit underground water or ice, they break water molecules (分子) apart, releasing electrons (电子). On Earth, some bacteria can use these electrons for energy, just as plants use sunlight. This process, called radiolysis (辐射分解), can sustain life in dark and cold places without sunlight.(当宇宙射线撞击地下水源或冰层时，会分解水分子并释放电子。在地球上，某些细菌能像植物利用阳光那样，通过这些电子获取能量。这种被称为“辐射分解”的过程，能在黑暗寒冷、没有阳光的环境中维系生命)”可知，辐射分解通过分解水分子释放电子，为微生物提供能量，从而维持生命。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“This research opens up exciting new possibilities in the search for life beyond Earth and suggests that even the coldest and darkest corners of the solar system could harbor life.(这项研究为在地球以外寻找生命开辟了令人兴奋的新可能性，并表明即使是太阳系中最冷、最黑暗的角落也可能harbor生命)”可知，这项研究为在地球以外寻找生命开辟了令人兴奋的新可能性，表明即使是太阳系中最冷、最黑暗的角落也可能藏有生命，由此可知，划线词harbor意为“藏有”，与B项“Hide”意思相近。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A recent study by NYU Abu Dhabi reveals that space rays, high-energy particles (粒子) from space, may generate the energy necessary to support underground life on planets and moons in our solar system.(纽约大学阿布扎比分校最近的一项研究表明，来自太空的高能粒子——空间射线，可能会产生支持我们太阳系内行星和卫星上地下生命所需的能量)”可知，文章主要介绍了纽约大学阿布扎比分校的一项研究表明来自太空的高能粒子——空间射线，可能为太阳系内行星和卫星的地下生命提供必要的能量，故A项“Space Rays Provide Energy for Hidden Life(空间射线为隐藏的生命提供能量)”概括了文章的主要内容，适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 4 Quick: what’s your best friend’s phone number? Don’t feel bad if you couldn’t answer off the top of your head. You have no reason to commit phone numbers to memory: it’s just there in your phone. Or perhaps you once had a phone book to store them. In either case, an object does the remembering for you. “Prosthetic memory” (人工记忆) is nothing new. Writing itself has been a means of storing information. Yet the information revolution has generated more data than ever before. We are flooded with information. We’re creating more of it, and keeping more of it. The storage capacity of the human brain has since been eclipsed. No wonder, then, that we’re increasingly dependent on memory prostheses, from libraries to smartphones. Not everyone thinks this trend in external memory is good. Historically, memory prostheses were expensive. As technologies such as printing and photography become more affordable, sharing experiences with others is easier than ever. So every breakfast, every sunset, every encounter with a cat finds its way on to social media. And here comes the worry. When we devote ourselves to capturing and sharing the world in this way, something immensely valuable is lost; when recording so much of our lives, we’re forgetting to actually live them, and so disconnect ourselves from experience. But is our social media-driven transformation wholly bad? If we’re still creating and sharing memories like this, perhaps this is because we’ve not had sufficient time to learn how to do these things without thinking about what we’re doing. It is easy to ignore that the mass social media era is less than a decade old. That’s just a short blink (眨眼) in human history, yet it has totally changed how we live. I suspect we’re not far off from being directly faced with experience yet with the ability to share experience in ways less bounded by geography and time. After all, technology can protect all the moments of a life that would otherwise be lost. 1．What can be inferred from paragraph 1? A．Technology weakens our brains. B．We are burdened with phone numbers. C．We rely more on tools to memorize. D．Technology distances us from our friends. 2．What does the underlined word “eclipsed” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Improved. B．Undervalued. C．Restricted. D．Outperformed. 3．What negative effect does online sharing bring about? A．An overflow of posts. B．High cost of digital devices. C．Addiction to the virtual world. D．Disregard for authentic experience. 4．What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph? A．Have faith in human brains. B．Take time to adapt to digital age. C．Quicken the pace of development. D．Make efforts to enhance memory. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章介绍人们依赖手机等人工记忆工具，有人担忧社交媒体分享让人们忽视真实生活，但作者认为无需全盘否定，科技也能留存珍贵时刻。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“You have no reason to commit phone numbers to memory: it’s just there in your phone. Or perhaps you once had a phone book to store them. In either case, an object does the remembering for you.(你没有理由把电话号码记在记忆里：它就在你的手机里。或者你曾经有一个电话簿来存储它们。在任何一种情况下，一个物体为你做记忆。)”推知，我们更多地依赖工具进行记忆。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The storage capacity of the human brain has since been eclipsed. No wonder, then, that we’re increasingly dependent on memory prostheses, from libraries to smartphones.(人类大脑的存储能力从此eclipsed。因此，从图书馆到智能手机，我们越来越依赖人工记忆也就不足为奇了。)”可知，我们越来越依靠人工记忆，其原因是我们大脑的储存能力已经被超越，人工记忆可以记得更多。由此猜测，划线词eclipsed意为“超越”的意思，与outperformed同义。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When we devote ourselves to capturing and sharing the world in this way, something immensely valuable is lost; when recording so much of our lives, we’re forgetting to actually live them, and so disconnect ourselves from experience.(当我们执着于以这种方式捕捉并分享世界时，某种极具价值的东西便会悄然流失；我们记录了生活中太多片段，却忘了真正去体验生活，也因此与当下的感受渐行渐远。)”可知，网上分享带来的负面影响是对真实体验的忽视。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But is our social media-driven transformation wholly bad? If we’re still creating and sharing memories like this, perhaps this is because we’ve not had sufficient time to learn how to do these things without thinking about what we’re doing. It is easy to ignore that the mass social media era is less than a decade old. (但这种由社交媒体驱动的转变就完全是坏事吗？倘若我们如今依然还在用这种方式创造并分享回忆，或许是因为我们尚未有足够时间，学会自然而然地去做这些事（而无需刻意盘算）。我们很容易忽略，大众社交媒体时代至今还不到十年。)”可知，大规模社交媒体时代时间不算太久，且人们还没有做到自然而然地去创造和分享回忆。由此推知，作者建议人们花时间去适应数字时代。故选B。 5 Canada is experiencing its second worst wildfire season on record, according to government data, with almost 4,000 fires recorded already this calendar year. Smoke coming across the border has affected air quality in several U.S. states. This weekend, air quality reached concerning levels across Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Parts of Illinois and Indiana are also under air quality alerts. People in New York, Vermont, and Maine are also being advised to limit outdoor activity due to pollution from the smoke. National Weather Service Lead Forecaster Bob Oravec told NPR that the current wind patterns are once again driving the spread of polluted air into the U.S. from Canada. “Air is moving at all levels and a lot of times it’ll move in the same direction through the whole depth of the atmosphere, so the smoke is rising into the winds and the winds just transport it downstream, like anything — like a leaf getting blown,” Oravec explained. On Friday, Minnesota’s Pollution Control Agency extended its statewide air quality alert until noon on Monday, August 4th. Minnesota Public Radio reports the state is currently under its longest air quality alert since the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency began issuing alerts in 2008. The alert is expected to last seven days in total. Earlier this weekend, the agency reported it expected the air quality index (AQI) to reach the most severe level of “red” for all of the state, which is considered unhealthy for everyone. In a statement, the Pollution Control Agency warned that even healthy people may experience symptoms such as irritated eyes, coughing, or shortness of breath. Others could feel more serious impacts, the agency said. “Sensitive or more exposed individuals may experience more serious health effects, including worsening of existing lung disease and respiratory and cardiovascular conditions, possibly leading to an asthma attack, heart attack, or stroke,” according to the Pollution Control Agency statement. Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre reported that more than 700 active fires were burning across Canada on Sunday, mostly in the southern province of Manitoba, directly to the north of Minnesota. The agency says more than 500 are burning out of control. Thousands of Canadians have had to evacuate their homes to escape the fires. 1．What makes the U.S. continue to be affected by Canadian wildfire smoke? A．Canada has stopped managing the wildfires. B．U.S. states lack measures to reduce pollution. C．The wildfires are expected to increase in size. D．Wind patterns consistently drive smoke southward. 2．Which of the following is true? A．Minnesota Public Radio first issued air quality alerts in 2008. B．The U.S. had never experienced any air quality issues before. C．The longest alert in Minnesota before 2025 was shorter than a week. D．Minnesota’s Pollution Control Agency limited alerts to rural areas. 3．What does the underlined part “respiratory and cardiovascular conditions” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Airway and brain systems. B．Digestion and nerve systems. C．Eye and muscle-bone systems. D．Breathing and heart-blood vessel systems. 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Wind Patterns Are the Key Factor in Wildfire Smoke Spread B．Smoke from Canadian Wildfires Impacts U.S. Air Quality C．Health Alerts Issued: How to Protect Against Wildfire Smoke D．Canada’s Wildfires: History-Making Season Hits Record High 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述加拿大正经历有记录以来第二严重的野火季，其产生的烟雾跨境影响美国多个州的空气质量，引发健康警示，并提及加拿大野火的当前燃烧情况。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“National Weather Service Lead Forecaster Bob Oravec told NPR that the current wind patterns are once again driving the spread of polluted air into the U.S. from Canada(国家气象局首席预报员鲍勃·奥拉维克告诉NPR当前的风向模式再次将受污染的空气从加拿大吹向美国)”可知，持续将烟雾吹向南方的风向模式是美国持续受加拿大野火烟雾影响的原因。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Minnesota Public Radio reports the state is currently under its longest air quality alert since the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency began issuing alerts in 2008. The alert is expected to last seven days in total.(明尼苏达公共广播电台报道，该州目前正处于自明尼苏达污染控制局2008年开始发布警报以来最长的空气质量警报期，此次警报预计总共持续7天)”可知，2025年之前明尼苏达州最长的空气质量警报期短于7天。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段中划线部分上文“including worsening of existing lung disease and respiratory and cardiovascular conditions, possibly leading to an asthma attack, heart attack, or stroke.(包括现有肺部疾病的恶化以及respiratory and cardiovascular conditions，可能导致哮喘发作、心脏病发作或中风)”可知，asthma attack“哮喘发作”与呼吸相关，heart attack“心脏病发作”与心脏血管相关，由此可推测respiratory and cardiovascular conditions指“呼吸和心脏血管系统疾病”。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第二段“Smoke coming across the border has affected air quality in several U.S. states. This weekend, air quality reached concerning levels across Wisconsin, and Minnesota. Parts of Illinois and Indiana are also under air quality alerts. People in New York, Vermont, and Maine are also being advised to limit outdoor activity due to pollution from the smoke.(越过边境的烟雾影响了美国几个州的空气质量。本周末，威斯康星州和明尼苏达州的空气质量达到了令人担忧的水平。伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州的部分地区也发布了空气质量警报。由于烟雾污染，纽约、佛蒙特州和缅因州的人们也被建议限制户外活动)”可知，文章主要介绍加拿大野火产生的烟雾影响美国多个州的空气质量，后续段落围绕美国受影响的具体情况、健康警示以及加拿大野火现状展开。因此B项“加拿大野火产生的烟雾影响美国空气质量”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。 6 In the digital era, where social media floods with endless sharing, 26-year-old illustrator Lina from Hangzhou stands as a striking example. She regularly posts artworks and travel photos on Instagram but seldom replies to comments or joins in private conversations. “I love sharing colourful moments of my life, yet building deep connections with strangers feels emotionally tired”, she admits. Lina’s attitude represents a growing trend among today’s youth: light socializing, a pattern that prioritizes self-expression over a lot of emotional connections on the Internet. Sociologist Min Li observes that social media, once an important centre for developing relationships, has changed into a “self-showcase” platform for the younger generation. Instead of looking for active interactions, they share content like scenic photos or daily routines, with little expectation of others’ comments. Actions such as casually unfollowing, blocking strangers or using 24-hour disappearing posts show their wish to avoid burdensome “emotional labor” from shallow online ties. This change comes from their desire to run away from great pressure brought by empty digital interactions. While critics consider light socializing as a sign of “emotional coldness”, it actually reflects a thoughtful adaptation. Psychologist Lu Chen argues that by applying this approach, young people regain control over their online space — sharing freely without the anxiety of meeting others’ expectations. Even social platforms have developed to meet this need: many now offer “silent modes”, such as hidden interaction records and one-way posting features, showing the widespread acceptance of light socializing. In a world closely bound by digital connections, light socializing strikes a delicate balance between self-expression and privacy protection. It’s not about turning their backs on people, but about looking for a healthier and more independent way to be online. This trend shows the younger generation’s maturity (成熟) in safeguarding their mental well-being, representing a forward-looking and thoughtful approach to modern social interactions. 1．What does the underlined word “prioritizes” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Largely ignores. B．Greatly changes. C．Wisely avoids. D．Values more. 2．What does Min Li think social media has become for young people now? A．A tool to look for information. B．A center for deep relationships. C．A platform for personal display. D．A space to ease negative feelings. 3．What can be inferred about “light socializing”? A．It balances expression and safety. B．It requires strong social ability. C．It relies mainly on platforms’ settings. D．It makes young people emotionally cold. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Keep Silent Mode On B．Keep the Digital Distance C．Social Media: Free Self-Expression D．Emotional Coldness: Online Life’s Secret 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章以26岁的杭州插画师Lina为例，阐述了在数字时代，年轻人在社交媒体上呈现出“轻社交”的趋势，即注重自我表达而非深度情感联系，这种趋势反映了年轻人对心理健康的守护，是一种有前瞻性和深思熟虑的现代社交互动方式。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第一段中的“Lina’s attitude represents a growing trend among today’s youth: light socializing, a pattern that prioritizes self-expression over a lot of emotional connections on the Internet.(Lina的态度代表了当今年轻人中日益增长的一种趋势：轻度社交化，这种模式……自我表达，而非在互联网上建立大量的情感联系。)”以及最后一段“In a world closely bound by digital connections, light socializing strikes a delicate balance between self-expression and privacy protection. It’s not about turning their backs on people, but about looking for a healthier and more independent way to be online.(在一个紧密依赖数字连接的世界里，轻松的社交活动能够恰到好处地平衡自我表达与隐私保护这两者之间的关系。这并非是要与他人断绝联系，而是要寻找一种更健康、更独立的线上生活方式。)”可知，Lina的这种轻度社交模式，这种模式是一种更健康、更独立的线上生活方式，更重视自我表达，而非网络上的情感联系。由此可推知，划线单词“prioritizes”的意思是“重视”，与D项“Values more(更重视)”意思相近。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Sociologist Min Li observes that social media, once an important centre for developing relationships, has changed into a “self-showcase” platform for the younger generation.(社会学家李敏观察到，社交媒体曾经是发展人际关系的重要中心，现在已经变成了年轻一代的“自我展示”平台。)”可知，社会学家李敏认为，社交媒体现在已成为年轻一代的“自我展示”平台。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“In a world closely bound by digital connections, light socializing strikes a delicate balance between self-expression and privacy protection. It’s not about turning their backs on people, but about looking for a healthier and more independent way to be online.(在一个由数字连接紧密联系的世界里，轻度社交在自我表达和隐私保护之间取得了微妙的平衡。这不是要背弃他人，而是要寻找一种更健康、更独立的线上生活方式。)”可知，在一个由数字连接紧密联系的世界里，轻度社交在自我表达和隐私保护之间取得了微妙的平衡，即它平衡了表达和安全。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“Lina’s attitude represents a growing trend among today’s youth: light socializing, a pattern that prioritizes self-expression over a lot of emotional connections on the Internet.(Lina的态度代表了当今年轻人中日益增长的一种趋势：轻度社交化，这种模式将自我表达置于网络上的大量情感联系之上。)”以及最后一段中的“In a world closely bound by digital connections, light socializing strikes a delicate balance between self-expression and privacy protection.(在一个由数字连接紧密联系的世界里，轻度社交在自我表达和隐私保护之间取得了微妙的平衡。)”可知，本文主要论述了当下年轻人的一种社交趋势——轻度社交，这种社交模式在网络自我表达和隐私保护之间取得了微妙的平衡，B项“Keep the Digital Distance(保持数字距离)”是适合本文的标题。故选B项。 7 The status of the cover song has shape-shifted throughout pop-music history. In the 1950s, it barely even needed a name: It was just the routine way of doing business. During the rock era, covers became suspect as inauthentic, unless an artist “made the song their own”. With the rise of hip-hop, covers were displaced by sampling and remixes, but then samples themselves became more concealed and layered, for reasons of both art and copyright. Since the beginning of this century, the practice has migrated to YouTube, where concert clips or home videos might show off the skills of amateurs and pros alike. You might also look to the songs that were covered on the TV hits and singing competition shows. There’s enough cause to believe that the cover song as a category is regaining status in the music business. Cover songs offer advantages in various ways. As a draw to live shows, for instance, surprising covers can add excitement to a set list — and then can become viral video clips on YouTube. Covering an earlier song can also be a gamble for a new artist or a faded midcareer one to attract notice. If you search for a famous song on a major streaming service, you’re likely to find a lot of covers by seeming nonentities (无足轻重的人) attempting to game the algorithm for clicks — a digital revival of the early record business’s practice of “covering” the marketplace with cheap copies for quick profit. The notion of cover versions has always been appealing to me. It makes me imagine a parallel world where songs are chattering among themselves, dropping around each other’s places for a visit, exchanging sharp remarks and gentle secrets. Covers can sew distant sound worlds together across genres or serve as acts of criticism, revealing aspects of the originals that their makers might never have suspected. 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．The differences of cover songs in various stages. B．The changing status of cover songs in pop history. C．The definition of cover songs in different periods. D．The reasons why cover songs have gained popularity 2．What can we infer about the future of cover songs from paragraph 1? A．They will disappear as hip-hop develops. B．They will take the place of original songs. C．They may grow more influential in music. D．They will only be popular on YouTube and TV. 3．What does the underlined phrase “game the algorithm” probably mean? A．To follow the rules of the algorithm strictly. B．To create new algorithms for streaming services. C．To make use of the algorithm to get more clicks D．To ignore the algorithm and focus on music quality. 4．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To explain how to make a good cover song. B．To present cover songs’ development and significance C．To compare cover songs with sampling and remixes. D．To argue that cover songs are better than original songs. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍翻唱歌曲在流行音乐史上的地位变化、未来发展可能性、相关现象及意义，展现其多方面价值。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“The status of the cover song has shape-shifted throughout pop-music history. In the 1950s, it barely even needed a name: It was just the routine way of doing business. During the rock era, covers became suspect as inauthentic, unless an artist “made the song their own”. With the rise of hip-hop, covers were displaced by sampling and remixes, but then samples themselves became more concealed and layered, for reasons of both art and copyright. Since the beginning of this century, the practice has migrated to YouTube, where concert clips or home videos might show off the skills of amateurs and pros alike. You might also look to the songs that were covered on the TV hits and singing competition shows. There’s enough cause to believe that the cover song as a category is regaining status in the music business. (在流行音乐史上，翻唱歌曲的地位一直在变化。20世纪50年代，它几乎不需要一个名字：这只是常规的商业模式。在摇滚时代，翻唱被怀疑是不真实的，除非艺术家“让歌曲成为自己的”。随着嘻哈音乐的兴起，翻唱被采样和混音所取代，但出于艺术和版权的原因，采样本身变得更加隐蔽和层次化。自本世纪初以来，这种做法已经转移到YouTube上，在那里，演唱会片段或家庭视频可能会展示业余爱好者和专业人士的技能。你也可以看看热门电视节目和歌唱比赛节目中翻唱的歌曲。有足够的理由相信，翻唱歌曲作为一个类别正在音乐行业重新获得地位。)”可知，第一段围绕不同时期翻唱歌曲的地位变化展开，核心是其地位的变迁。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“There’s enough cause to believe that the cover song as a category is regaining status in the music business. (有足够的理由相信，翻唱歌曲作为一个类别正在音乐行业重新获得地位。)”可知，从第一段可推断出，翻唱歌曲在音乐领域的影响力可能会进一步扩大。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“If you search for a famous song on a major streaming service, you’re likely to find a lot of covers by seeming nonentities (无足轻重的人) attempting to game the algorithm for clicks — a digital revival of the early record business’s practice of “covering” the marketplace with cheap copies for quick profit. (如果你在主流流媒体服务上搜索一首著名的歌曲，你可能会发现很多看似无足轻重的人翻唱的版本，他们试图通过____来获取点击量——这是早期唱片行业用廉价复制品“覆盖”市场以快速获利做法的数字复兴。)”可知，“game the algorithm”的目的是获取点击量，结合语境可推测，game the algorithm意为“利用算法获取更多点击量”。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文，第一段介绍翻唱歌曲在流行音乐史上的地位变化，第二段说明其多方面优势，第三段阐述翻唱版本的吸引力及意义，由此可知，文章的目的是呈现翻唱歌曲的发展和意义。故选B项。 8 Artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT and Midjourney have become well known for creating text and visuals according to our direct commands. Next up: reconstructing our thoughts. In a study published in May 2023 in Nature Neuroscience, a team of researchers from the University of Texas at Austin showed that an AI decoder (解码器) could translate the words people heard while listening to podcasts (播客) and the images people saw while watching silent movies. Matching specific patterns of brain activity to specific phrases, the AI was trained on three people as they consumed 16 hours of storytelling. From that learning, the technology could decode the thoughts of someone “imagining a story in their head,” says neuroscientist and senior study author Alexander Huth, though its accuracy was greatly reduced for individuals who were not involved in its training. According to the team, the AI could one day be used to assist stroke patients and others who have lost the ability to speak, by decoding their brain activity into words. And the team’s decoder isn’t alone in its mind-reading applications. In March, researchers from Osaka University reported that they’d developed a similar model, Stable Diffusion, that reconstructs images from fMRI (Functional magnetic resonance imaging) scans. If it feels invasive (侵入的), researchers stress that it’s unlikely AI will be able to read your minds without your consent anytime soon. “The current technology is still very far removed from a general-purpose (通用的) mind-reading device,” says Iris Groen, a neuroscientist at the Informatics Institute at the University of Amsterdam. Both approaches require participants to spend hours in fMRI scanners, and the University of Texas AI can make mistakes, sending out gibberish if a person thinks unrelated thoughts. And researchers are still prioritizing the privacy of our internal imaginings, given the pace of AI’s progress. “The brain contains extremely sensitive personal information,” says Yu Takagi, a neuroscientist involved in the Stable Diffusion project. “It should not be subjected to any form of analysis without informed consent.” 1．What can we learn about an AI decoder from the text? A．It can create images of films. B．It can read mind to some extent. C．It can train people for storytelling. D．It can decode the imagination of anyone. 2．What does the word “consent” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Suggestion. B．Participation. C．Application. D．Permission. 3．According to the text, which of the following is true about current AI technology in mind-reading? A．It’s used as a universal mind-reading device. B．It remains in an immature stage. C．It can accurately read people’s thoughts. D．It can be used to regulate people’s thoughts. 4．What should be taken into consideration according to Yu Takagi? A．We should keep up with the pace of AI’s development. B．We should respect people’s privacy when doing research. C．We should avoid making mistakes when doing analyses. D．We should prioritize progress rather than personal feelings. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了AI解码器能在一定程度上读取人类思维，当前AI读心技术尚不成熟以及研究人员对隐私保护的重视等内容。 1．细节理解题​。根据第二段“Matching specific patterns of brain activity to specific phrases, the AI was trained on three people as they consumed 16 hours of storytelling. From that learning, the technology could decode the thoughts of someone “imagining a story in their head,” says neuroscientist and senior study author Alexander Huth, though its accuracy was greatly reduced for individuals who were not involved in its training.(将特定的大脑活动模式与特定的短语相匹配，该AI在三个人身上进行了16个小时的讲故事训练。神经科学家、资深研究作者Alexander Huth说，通过这种学习，这项技术可以破译某人“在脑海中想象一个故事”的想法，尽管对于没有参与训练的人来说，它的准确性大大降低。)”可知，AI解码器能在一定程度上读取思维。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段“If it feels invasive (侵扰的), researchers stress that it’s unlikely AI will be able to read your mind without your consent anytime soon.(如果感觉有侵犯性，研究人员强调，AI不太可能在未经你 consent 的情况下读取你的思想 )”以及最后一段“It should not be subjected to any form of analysis without informed consent.(未经知情consent，它不应受到任何形式的分析。)”并结合语境可推断，AI不太可能在未经你同意的情况下读取你的思想。consent意为“同意，许可”，与 permission 意思相近。故选D。 3．推理判断题​。根据第四段“The current technology is still very far removed from a general - purpose mind-reading device(目前的技术距离通用的读心设备还很远)”以及第五段“Both approaches require participants to spend hours in fMRI scanners, and the University of Texas AI can make mistakes, sending out gibberish if a person thinks unrelated thoughts.(这两种方法都要求参与者在功能磁共振成像扫描仪中花费数小时，而且德克萨斯大学的人工智能可能会出错，如果一个人想到不相关的想法，它就会输出胡言乱语 )”可知，当前AI读心技术还不成熟。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““The brain contains extremely sensitive personal information,” says Yu Takagi, a neuroscientist involved in the Stable Diffusion project. “It should not be subjected to any form of analysis without informed consent.(参与Stable Diffusion项目的神经科学家Yu Takagi说：“大脑包含极其敏感的个人信息。未经知情同意，它不应受到任何形式的分析。”)”可知，Yu Takagi认为做研究时应尊重人们的隐私。故选B。 9 When you see robotic lawnmowers’ blades (割草机的叶片) moving fast, you are expecting a more beautiful and tidier lawn in front of your eyes. But sadly, sometimes you can see injured or even dead hedgehogs (刺猬). What a horrible scene! Sophie Lund Rasmussen, a member of the Wildlife Conservation Research Unit at the University of Oxford, carried out hedgehog crash tests to see if robotic lawnmowers were safe and found the animal was often endangered by the blades because the technology couldn’t detect it. The sensors and cameras are typically too weak to detect hedgehogs hidden in the grass. The automatic computer-controlled lawnmowers are more dangerous to hedgehogs than human-powered machines because a person would likely discern the animal and stop. Rasmussen hopes her tests will be known by designers to ensure robotic lawnmowers are hedgehog-safe. “This will eventually allow for a labeling system guiding the consumers into buying hedgehog-friendly robotic lawnmowers, and therefore contribute to the conservation of this declining and beloved species,” she said. Rasmussen’s finding suggests that these deadly machines need better sensors to spot the animal and change the direction of blades to reduce harm. She added, “The next step is definitely also to apply advanced technology such as camera recognition, which will eventually allow the robotic lawnmowers to detect hedgehogs at a distance, and avoid them.” Rasmussen tested 19 different types of robotic lawnmowers which are available to buy and found some models were safer for small hedgehogs than others. However, all of these lawnmowers had to physically interact with hedgehogs to detect them before they reacted. Her wish for future machines was that they could detect hedgehogs at a distance and change direction. “For now, the best advice is to check the lawn for any hedgehog before starting the robotic lawnmower or to only let it run during the day as this reduces the risk of encounters with hedgehogs, which are active primarily at night,” Rasmussen said. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly intended to show? A．Robotic lawnmowers have gained popularity. B．The number of hedgehogs is declining quickly. C．It’s very challenging to maintain a beautiful lawn. D．Robotic lawnmowers are dangerous to hedgehogs. 2．What does the underlined word “discern” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Spot. B．Support. C．hide. D．Protect. 3．Rasmussen hopes current robotic lawnmowers can be _________. A．sold at a more reasonable price B．improved with high technology C．redesigned by some animal lovers D．changed into human-powered machines 4．What is Rasmussen’s suggestion on using robotic lawnmowers? A．checking their blades first. B．Following them all the time. C．Training them with hedgehogs. D．Avoiding using them at night. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了机器人割草机对刺猬构成的潜在威胁，并介绍了牛津大学野生动物保护研究小组的成员Sophie Lund Rasmussen对此进行的研究及建议。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“When you see robotic lawnmowers’ blades (割草机的叶片) moving fast, you are expecting a more beautiful and tidier lawn in front of your eyes. But sadly, sometimes you can see injured or even dead hedgehogs (刺猬). What a horrible scene!(当你看到机器人割草机的刀片快速移动时，你会期待眼前出现一个更漂亮、更整洁的草坪。但遗憾的是，有时你会看到受伤甚至死亡的刺猬。多么可怕的场景啊！)”可知，第一段主要描述了机器人割草机对刺猬构成的潜在危险。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“The automatic computer-controlled lawnmowers are more dangerous to hedgehogs than human-powered machines because a person would likely discern the animal and stop.(自动电脑控制的割草机比人力机器对刺猬更危险，因为人可能会discern动物并停下来)”可知，与自动电脑控制的割草机相比，人力机器对刺猬更安全，由此可推测，这是因为人可能会“发现”动物并停下来，划线词discern与A项“Spot”意思相近，意为“发现”。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“Rasmussen’s finding suggests that these deadly machines need better sensors to spot the animal and change the direction of blades to reduce harm. She added, “The next step is definitely also to apply advanced technology such as camera recognition, which will eventually allow the robotic lawnmowers to detect hedgehogs at a distance, and avoid them.”(拉斯穆森的研究结果表明，这些致命机器需要更好的传感器来发现动物，并改变刀片的方向以减少伤害。她补充说：“下一步肯定是要应用先进的技术，比如摄像头识别，这最终将使机器人割草机能够在远处发现刺猬，并避开它们。”)”可知，Rasmussen认为应该应用先进的技术使机器人割草机能够在远处发现刺猬，并避开它们，说明他希望当前的机器人割草机能够通过高科技得到改进。故选B项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段““For now, the best advice is to check the lawn for any hedgehog before starting the robotic lawnmower or to only let it run during the day as this reduces the risk of encounters with hedgehogs, which are active primarily at night,” Rasmussen said.(“就目前而言，最好的建议是在启动机器人割草机之前先检查草坪上是否有刺猬，或者只在白天让它运行，因为这可以降低与主要在夜间活动的刺猬相遇的风险，”拉斯穆森说)”可知，Rasmussen建议机器人割草机只在白天运行，即避免在夜间使用机器人割草机。故选D项。 10 Polymetallic nodules (多金属结核) on the deep-ocean seafloor contain minerals like cobalt and nickel, which mining companies hope to harvest for green-energy batteries and technologies. However, a recent study suggests these prized, potato-sized rocks may also serve as a source of oxygen for the bacteria and other microorganisms living there. Jeffrey Marlow, one of the authors of the study, said researchers planted some watertight structures on the ocean floor, which he described as overturned boxes equipped with instruments designed to measure the property and composition of living things and their probable usage of oxygen. Researchers measured the oxygen loss over a 48-hour period while the structure was sealed on the seafloor. Typically, a decline in oxygen is an indicator for biological abundance because breathing organisms consume it. Yet, contrary to all expectations, they observed a rise in oxygen levels, a finding that directly challenged conventional understanding. But not everyone is on the same wavelength as him. Canada’s The Metals Co. stated the study had been rejected by four scientific publications until finding a home at Nature, which the company labeled as “a journal that has long championed the preservation of deep-sea mineral.” TMC also said the method was wrong, arguing the team’s findings contradicted other work that had been conducted in the Pacific Ocean’s Clarion-Clipper Zone. “The heightened oxygen levels are in fact erroneous in the data, and we are currently preparing a peer-reviewed paper as a fightback,” said the company. Bo Barker, a microbiologist at Denmark’s Aarhus University, said the study invited more questions than it did answers. He described it as a “novel but very confusing process for which the mechanism is still not clear.” For years, companies such as Canada’s TMC have been battling to persuade the international governing authority to green-light their plans to obtain these rocks in the Pacific Ocean’s CCZ. The company has argued that the metals are essential for fossil fuel-free technologies and that the impact mining will have on the ocean floor is not only minimal, but also fades next to the destruction of rain forests and human communities caused by land-based mining. 1．What can be inferred about the recent study? A．It cast light on new organisms. B．It capitalized on costly equipment. C．It consumed considerable time. D．It documented oxygen concentration. 2．What does the underlined word “erroneous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Misleading. B．Pronounced. C．Precise. D．Imaginary. 3．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph? A．Summarize the previous paragraphs. B．Introduce a new topic for discussion. C．Add some background information. D．Clarify some writing techniques. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Minerals, a Mixed Blessing B．TMC, an Eco- minded Enterprise C．A Tiny Stone: a Big Wave D．Oxygen: the Lifeline for CCZ 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕深海海底的多金属结核展开，阐述了其重要性、相关研究、争议以及开采背景。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Researchers measured the oxygen loss over a 48-hour period while the structure was sealed on the seafloor. (研究人员测量了该结构被密封在海底的48小时内的氧气损失。)”可知，研究人员测量了密封在海底48小时内的氧气损失情况，也就是记录了氧气浓度。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“TMC also said the method was wrong, arguing the team’s findings contradicted other work that had been conducted in the Pacific Ocean’s Clarion-Clipper Zone. (TMC还表示，该方法是错误的，认为该团队的发现与在太平洋克拉里昂-克利珀顿区进行的其他工作相矛盾。)”可知，TMC公司认为研究方法错误，研究结果与其他在太平洋克拉里昂-克利珀顿区进行的研究相矛盾，所以他们认为数据中升高的氧气水平是错误的，所以erroneous意为“错误的”，和A选项“Misleading”意思相近。故选A。 3．推理判断题。最后一段“For years, companies such as Canada’s TMC have been battling to persuade the international governing authority to green-light their plans to obtain these rocks in the Pacific Ocean’s CCZ. The company has argued that the metals are essential for fossil fuel-free technologies and that the impact mining will have on the ocean floor is not only minimal, but also fades next to the destruction of rain forests and human communities caused by land-based mining. (多年来，像加拿大TMC这样的公司一直在努力说服国际管理机构为他们在太平洋CCZ获取这些岩石的计划开绿灯。该公司辩称，这些金属对无化石燃料技术至关重要，而且采矿对海底的影响不仅微乎其微，而且与陆地采矿对雨林和人类社区造成的破坏相比也微不足道。)” 说明公司的采矿诉求和辩解理由，解释了其质疑研究的根本原因（维护自身采矿利益），属于背景补充，故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Polymetallic nodules (多金属结核) on the deep-ocean seafloor contain minerals like cobalt and nickel, which mining companies hope to harvest for green-energy batteries and technologies. However, a recent study suggests these prized, potato-sized rocks may also serve as a source of oxygen for the bacteria and other microorganisms living there.(深海海底的多金属结核含有钴和镍等矿物，矿业公司希望将其收获用于绿色能源电池和技术。然而，最近的一项研究表明，这些珍贵的土豆大小的岩石也可能是生活在那里的细菌和其他微生物的氧气来源)”可知，文章主要围绕深海海底的多金属结核展开，先是介绍其含有可用于绿色能源电池和技术的矿物质，受到矿业公司关注，接着一项研究表明这些土豆大小的石头可能是海底细菌和其他微生物的氧气来源，然后不同方面对此有不同看法，最后提到相关公司在开采这些石头方面的行动。所以C选项“A Tiny Stone: a Big Wave (小石头引发大波澜)”概括了文章围绕小小的多金属结核引发各种研究、争议等内容，适合作标题，故选C。 11 When we think about invertebrates (无脊椎动物), most of us picture bees, worms, or perhaps even a jellyfish. But did you know that at least two-thirds of invertebrates work the night shift, meaning many are unlikely to be seen? They use phases of the moon and star light to learn about the world and make vital decisions. Many insects use the faint glow of the moon or stars to tell which way is up when flying in complete darkness. For centuries, artificial light has been a symbol of progress. Light has shaped human civilization. But while we celebrate its convenience, we often overlook the darker side of our obsession with illumination (照明): light pollution. It’s a disruptor of ecosystems, with profound consequences for wildlife, human health and energy consumption. A 2021 study found that caterpillar populations were 52% lower in areas with street lights. The winter moth is a small but essential species. In early spring its caterpillars provide a critical food source for blue tit chicks. But light pollution disorients (使迷惑方向) the adult moths, disrupts mating and affects egg-laying, leading to fewer caterpillars. With declining caterpillar numbers, blue tit struggle to feed their young. In one sense, light pollution is relatively easy to fix — we can simply not turn on the lights and allow the night to be lighted naturally by moonlight. Logically, this is mostly not feasible as lights are meant for the benefit of humans who are often unwilling to give them up. In the absence of turning off the lights, there are other management approaches we can take to lessen their impact. We can limit their number; reduce their intensity and the time they are on. The extent to which invertebrates have responded to artificial light remains unspecified and it also remains unknown whether they can adapt to additional temporal changes. These changes likely affect individual fitness, so additional studies are needed to determine the selective pressure artificial light produces. An interdisciplinary (跨学科) approach is required to determine broader scale effects of artificial light on wildlife biodiversity and ecosystem health, and to determine relevant strategies. 1．What do we know about the majority of invertebrates? A．They are active at night. B．They use darkness to hide. C．They are becoming extinct. D．They are intelligent creatures. 2．What does the author want to illustrate by mentioning caterpillar populations in paragraph 3? A．The challenge in wildlife conservation. B．The importance of a balanced ecosystem. C．The urgency of saving species through food. D．The effect of light pollution on the food chain. 3．What does the underlined word “feasible” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Odd. B．Workable. C．Crazy. D．Disturbing. 4．What does the author think of potential management approaches? A．They are pioneering. B．They are easy to apply. C．They prove to be effective. D．They call for in-depth research. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了光污染对无脊椎动物等野生生物及生态系统的负面影响和相关应对策略。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But did you know that at least two-thirds of invertebrates work the night shift, meaning many are unlikely to be seen?(但你知道吗？至少三分之二的无脊椎动物在夜间活动，这意味着很多无脊椎动物平时很难被看到。)”可知，大多数无脊椎动物夜间活动。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“A 2021 study found that caterpillar populations were 52% lower in areas with street lights.(2021年的一项研究发现，有路灯地区的毛虫数量减少了52%。)”和“With declining caterpillar numbers, blue tit struggle to feed their young.(随着毛虫数量的减少，蓝山雀很难喂养幼鸟。)”可知，作者通过提到毛虫数量的减少来说明光污染对食物链的影响。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“In one sense, light pollution is relatively easy to fix — we can simply not turn on the lights and allow the night to be lighted naturally by moonlight. Logically, this is mostly not feasible as lights are meant for the benefit of humans who are often unwilling to give them up.(从某种意义上说，光污染的治理相对容易——我们只需关掉灯，让夜晚由月光自然照亮。但从逻辑上讲，这大多不feasible，因为灯是为了人类的利益而设置的，而人类往往不愿放弃使用灯光。)”可知，因为灯是为了人类的利益而存在的，而人类往往不愿意放弃它们，所以不开灯让夜晚自然地被月光照亮这种做法是行不通的。故feasible意思是“可行的”。A. Odd奇怪的；B. Workable可行的；C. Crazy疯狂的；D. Disturbing令人不安的。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“These changes likely affect individual fitness, so additional studies are needed to determine the selective pressure artificial light produces. An interdisciplinary (跨学科) approach is required to determine broader scale effects of artificial light on wildlife biodiversity and ecosystem health, and to determine relevant strategies.(这些变化可能会影响个体的适应性，因此需要更多的研究来确定人工光产生的选择压力。需要采用跨学科的方法来确定人工光对野生生物多样性和生态系统健康的更广泛影响，并确定相关策略。)”可知，作者认为需要进一步研究来确定人工光对野生生物多样性和生态系统健康的更广泛影响，并确定相关策略。故选D。 12 Have you ever wondered why certain songs or paintings feel deeply satisfying? Language expert Jay Keyser’s research finds that repetition makes art speak to us. Artists like jazz musician Duke Ellington and painter Andy Warhol purposefully use repetition — not simply as copying, but as a clever “same, but different” skill. In Ellington’s Satin Doll, for example, the rhythm repeats while the notes stay high or low, and the song’s words mirror this pattern. Warhol’s soup cans appear alike at first sight, yet each design changes a little. This skill called “same/except” by Jay Keyser in his book Play it again, Sam — makes art feel richer and more pleasant to our brains. Interestingly, discovering repetition brings much more. Consider a photograph of the US city of Albuquerque that is often discussed for its meaning. Look closer, and you may find that a dog sits in the center with a street sign shadow to its right copying its shape. Recognizing this hidden pattern, as Keyser suggests, repays us with unexpected pleasure and more. Training our eyes to notice such patterns — whether in poetry, paintings or songs — unlocks new meaning. Why does repetition create such a connection? According to Keyser, science offers an answer: the mere exposure effect (单纯曝光效应). Just as a baby grows fond of a mother’s face through repeated sights, we naturally develop a liking for familiar patterns. Advertisers use this by repeating product names to build trust. Artists harness it too — Warhol’s repeated cans or a song’s repeated catchy parts make us feel comforted and connected. Keyser shows great art works with the brain’s makeup. When artists repeat certain parts with changes, the art is in line with how our minds seek order, expect patterns, and gain joy from “finding” connections — though we are not aware of it. By studying how artists skillfully apply the “same/except” skill across mediums, and by connecting these choices with science, we gain the key to admiring creativity’s universal magic. This makes everyday experiences with music, paintings, and words much richer. 1．What does the “same/except” skill focus on? A．Non-traditional artistic styles. B．Combining different art forms. C．Repetition with slight variations. D．Breaking all patterns completely. 2．What does the example of the Albuquerque photo highlight? A．Fun designs attract more attention. B．Admiring street art lifts one’s spirits. C．Repetition enriches art experiences. D．Famous art deserves lasting discussion. 3．What does the underlined word “harness” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Take advantage of. B．Turn down. C．Have control of. D．Make out. 4．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．Art sometimes matches our mindset. B．Science explains artistic techniques. C．Artists use repetition unconsciously. D．Creativity is the key to admiring art. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，文章通过引用语言专家Jay Keyser的研究，结合艺术家案例和科学原理，解释“重复”在艺术中的作用及背后逻辑。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Artists like jazz musician Duke Ellington and painter Andy Warhol purposefully use repetition — not simply as copying, but as a clever “same, but different” skill. (爵士乐演奏家Duke Ellington和画家Andy Warhol这样的艺术家，会有意地运用重复手法——这并非简单的模仿行为，而是一种巧妙的“相同，但不同”的技巧。)”以及后文的例子“In Ellington’s Satin Doll, for example, the rhythm repeats while the notes stay high or low, and the song’s words mirror this pattern. Warhol’s soup cans appear alike at first sight, yet each design changes a little. This skill called “same/except” by Jay Keyser in his book Play it again, Sam — makes art feel richer and more pleasant to our brains. (例如，在Ellington的《Satin Doll》中，节奏不断重复，而音符则保持在高音或低音位置，歌曲的词也遵循了这种模式。Warhol的罐头图案乍一看都很相似，但每个设计又略有不同。Jay Keyser在其著作《Play it again, Sam》中称这一技巧为“同中存异”（same/except）它让艺术作品显得更加丰富，也更能让我们的大脑感到愉悦)”可知，“同中存异”（same/except）技巧的核心是重复中带有轻微变化。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Interestingly, discovering repetition brings much more. Consider a photograph of the US city of Albuquerque that is often discussed for its meaning. Look closer, and you may find that a dog sits in the center with a street sign shadow to its right copying its shape. Recognizing this hidden pattern, as Keyser suggests, repays us with unexpected pleasure and more. Training our eyes to notice such patterns — whether in poetry, paintings or songs — unlocks new meaning.(有趣的是，发现重复现象所带来的益处远不止于此。不妨看看一张关于美国阿尔伯克基市的照片——这张照片的深层含义一直备受讨论。凑近观察，你会发现照片中央坐着一只狗，而它右侧的路牌影子，恰好复刻了狗的轮廓。正如Keyser所指出的，认识到这种隐藏的模式会给我们带来意想不到的愉悦感以及更多的收获。训练我们的目光去留意这类模式——无论是在诗歌、绘画还是歌曲中——都能开启新的意义)”可知，该段以照片为例，是为了论证“发现重复能带来额外价值”，包括意外的愉悦感和新的意义，由此可知，以Albuquerque照片为例，强调了重复丰富了艺术体验。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中划线词上文“According to Keyser, science offers an answer: the mere exposure effect (单纯曝光效应). (根据Keyser的观点，科学给出了答案：单纯曝光效应)”、“Advertisers use this by repeating product names to build trust.(广告商通过重复产品名称来建立信任)”以及划线词所在句“Artists harness it too — Warhol’s repeated cans or a song’s repeated catchy parts make us feel comforted and connected. (艺术家们也harness它——Warhol重复的罐子或一首歌重复的朗朗上口的部分让我们感到安慰和联系)”可知，广告商和艺术家都利用了单纯曝光效应，harness与文中“use”同义，表示“利用”，与选项中Take advantage of意思一致。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Keyser shows great art works with the brain’ makeup. When artists repeat certain parts with changes, the art is in line with how our minds seek order, expect patterns, and gain joy from “finding” connections — though we are not aware of it. By studying how artists skillfully apply the “same/except” skill across mediums, and by connecting these choices with science, we gain the key to admiring creativity’s universal magic. This makes everyday experiences with music, paintings, and words much richer.(Keyser指出，伟大的艺术作品与人类的大脑构造相契合。当艺术家在重复某些元素的同时加入变化时，这类艺术便与我们大脑的运作方式不谋而合——我们的大脑会不自觉地寻求秩序、期待规律，并从“发现”事物间的关联中获得愉悦，只是我们自己并未察觉这一点。通过研究艺术家如何巧妙地在不同艺术媒介中运用“同中存异”（same/except）的技巧，并将这些创作选择与科学原理相结合，我们便能掌握欣赏创造力所蕴含的普世魅力的关键。这使得我们在日常生活中接触音乐、绘画与文字时，能获得远比以往更丰富的体验)”可知，最后一段首句点明主旨：伟大艺术作品与大脑的构成相契合，并指出艺术（通过重复与变化的手法）与人类大脑的认知方式（寻求秩序、期待模式、从发现联系中获得快乐）一致。由此可知，最后一段主要告诉我们“艺术有时与我们的思维模式一致”。故选A。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $