专题02：期中考试必考重点语法归纳及专练（Unit 1-Unit 3）-2025-2026学年八年级英语上学期月考、期中、期末高效复习（外研版2024）

Unit 1 This is me重点语法--现在完成时（1） 一、知识点讲解 （一）构成形式 现在完成时由 “have /has + 动词的过去分词” 构成。其中，第三人称单数形式用 “has” ，其他人称用 “have” 。否定形式是 “have /has not (haven't /hasn't) + 动词的过去分词” 。 例如： 1. I have seen the film.（肯定句） 1. I have not (haven't) seen the film.（否定句） 1. He has travelled all over the world.（肯定句） 1. He has not (hasn't) travelled all over the world.（否定句） （二）用法 1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 例如：I have seen the film. I do not want to see it again. （看过电影这个过去的动作，对现在不想再看产生了影响 ） 1. 表示到目前为止已经完成的事。 （三）句型 人称 肯定句 否定句 疑问句及回答 第一人称 I have...We have... I have not (haven't)...We have not (haven't)... — Have you...?— Yes, I / we have. / No, I / we have not (haven't). 第二人称 You have... You have not (haven't)... — Have you...?— Yes, I / we have. / No, I / we have not (haven't). 第三人称 He / She has...They have... He / She has not (hasn't)...They have not (haven't)... — Has he / she...?— Yes, he / she has. / No, he / she has not (hasn't).— Have they...?— Yes, they have. / No, they have not (haven't). （四）动词过去分词变化规则 规则变化 一般在动词原形后加 -ed ，如：work - worked ；以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，直接加 -d ，如：live - lived ；以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i ，再加 -ed ，如：study - studied ；以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加 -ed ，如：stop - stopped 。 不规则变化 需要牢记，如：be - was /were - been ；do - did - done ；go - went - gone 等 。 （5） 时间状语 1.just ：意为 “刚刚” ，用于肯定句句中，置于 have /has 之后 。例如：I have just heard the news. 2.already ：意为 “已经” ，用于肯定句句中，置于 have /has 之后 。（有时，也可能位于句尾。）例如：Astronauts have already been to the moon. I have seen it already. 3.yet ：意为 “还未” ，用于否定句或疑问句，置于句末 。例如：The scientists have not heard from it yet. 4.ever：意为“曾经”，用于疑问句句中，置于 have /has 之后。例如：Have you ever surfed? 5. Once/twice/three times…:意为“几次”，用于句尾。例如：I have visited Beijing twice. 6.in/during/over the last/past few years: 意为“在最近几年”，用于句尾或居中或句首。 （六）与一般过去时的区别 1. 现在完成时 ：强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，不强调动作发生的具体时间 。 1. 一般过去时 ：强调过去某个具体时间发生的动作 。 例如： 1. I have just been to London. I went there last month. （“have been to” 强调现在的经历，“went” 强调过去具体上个月去的动作 ） 1. I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago. （“have finished” 强调现在作业已完成的结果，“finished” 强调一小时前完成的这个过去动作 ） 当堂训练一 一、基础练习（Level 1） （一）.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.I ______ (see) the film twice. 2.He ______ (not have) breakfast yet. 3.They ______ (visit) the Great Wall last year.（此句复习一般过去时 ） 4.My parents ______ (already buy) a new car. （二）将下列句子变为否定句和一般疑问句并作回答 1.She has read this book. ⑴否定句：______ ⑵一般疑问句：______ ⑶肯定回答：______ ⑷否定回答：______ 2.We have travelled around the country. ⑴ 否定句：______ ⑵一般疑问句：______ ⑶肯定回答：______ ⑷否定回答：______ 二、提升练习（Level 2） （一）、单项选择 一1.—John, it’s raining outside. Where is your umbrella? — Someone else ______ mine by mistake. I can’t find it now. A. takes B. has taken C. was taking D. will take 2. — Do you want me to clean the kitchen this afternoon? — No, thanks. I _______ it already. A. will clean B. clean C. have cleaned D. was cleaning 3.— Is the Great Wall worth visiting? — Of course. I _______ it many times and the views always surprise me. A. climb B. are climbing C. climbed D. have climbed 4. Professor Yang is still working in her laboratory because she _______ her work yet. A. hasn’t finished B. doesn’t finish C. didn’t finish D. won’t finish 5.—I can’t believe we are in the countryside of Hefei. — It _____ greatly over the past few years under the right leadership（带领）of the government. A. will change B. changes C. is changing D. has changed （2） 、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.我刚刚收到我朋友的来信。 I ______ just ______ a letter from my friend. 2.他们还没有决定去哪儿度假。 They ______ ______ where to go for a holiday ______. 3.我去年参观了故宫，它非常壮观。 I ______ the Palace Museum last year. It was really wonderful. （三）、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1. You arrived too late. They _________(leave) already. 2. I’m late for the meeting. Luckily, it __________(not start) yet. 3. My parents ___________(clean) the bathroom, so it’s very tidy. 4.Just now a car ___________(appear) at the front door and a man walked out. 5. I __________(climb) the Great Wall many times and the views always surprise me. （四）写作:用现在完成时介绍一下你自己的经历，比如去过哪些地方旅游，参加过什么活动等，不少于 60 词 。 Unit 2 Getting along重点语法--现在完成时（2） 一、构成方法 1. 基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. She has already finished her homework.（她已经完成了作业。） ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+宾语. He hasn’t visited the museum yet.（他还没参观过博物馆。） ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. Have you ever been to Beijing?（你曾经去过北京吗？） ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） How long has she lived here?（她住这儿多久了？） 2. 过去分词 　　规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。　　 (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 　　work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 　　live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。 　　study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 　　stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 不规则动词： AAA型 　　原型 过去式 过去分词 　　 cost cost cost 　　cut cut cut 　　hit hit hit 　　hurt hurt hurt 　　put put put 　　set set set 　　shut shut shut 　　spread spread spread 传播 　　let let let 　　read read read read原形/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/r AAB型 　　beat beat beaten ABA型 　　become became become 　　run ran run 　　come came come ABB型 　　 bring brought brought 　　buy bought bought 　　build built built 　　burn burnt burnt 　　catch caught caught 　　dig dug dug 　　feel felt felt 　　fight fought fought 　　find found found 　　feed fed fed 　　get got got 　　hang hung hung 　　hear heard heard 　　hold held held 　　keep kept kept 　　lay laid laid 　　lead led led 　　lose lost lost 　　leave left left 　　lend lent lent 　　make made made 　　mean meant meant 　　meet met met 　　pay paid paid 　　sell sold sold 　　shoot shot shot 　　say said said 　　sit sat sat 　　stand stood stood 　　shine shone shone 　　sweep swept swept 　　sleep slept slept 　　teach taught taught 　　tell told told 　　think thought thought 　　win won won ABC型 　　 begin began begun 　　blow blew blown 　　break broke broken 　　choose chose chosen 　　draw drew drawn 　　drive drove driven 　　drink drank drunk 　　fly flew flown 　　forgive forgave forgiven 　　forget forgot forgotten 　　freeze froze frozen 　　give gave given 　　grow grew grown 　　know knew known 　　ride rode ridden 　　rise rose risen 　　ring rang rung 　　shake shook shaken 　　sing sang sung 　　sink sank sunk 　　swim swam swum 　　throw threw thrown 　　write wrote written 　　take took taken 　　wear wore worn 二、用法说明 ■1.表示过去已经发生或完成的动作，对现在造成的影响依然存在。 时间状语： already（用于肯定句） ever just several times 几次 yet（用于否、疑） never before recently 最近 如: She has just cleaned the room.（她刚打扫了房间。）（该句表明，由于她刚刚完成了打扫房间这个动作，所以现在 “房间是干净的”，充分体现出过去动作所产生的影响。） ■2.表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语： since +时间点 表示“从…起到现在” for +时间段 so far到目前为止 during/in the last /past few years 在过去的几年里 up to now直到现在 how long多长时间 since then自从 如：We have lived in Shanghai for 5 years.（我们在上海住了 5 年。）（“住” 这个动作是从5年前就开始了，一直持续到现在，并且基于语境，这种居住状态还有可能继续持续下去。） She has been a dancer for ten years. 她已当了十年的舞蹈演员了。 We’ve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。 So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。 They’ve lived here since 1989. 从1989年起他们就在这里住了。 注意： 1. 现在完成时不与yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 1983, just now等表示具体的过去时间的状语连用,这些时间状语用于一般过去时。 2. 一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等与现在无关；而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在的 影响，与现在有关。 三、高频考点： 1 .瞬间动词的现在完成时。 瞬间动词也叫短暂类动词或终止类动词。这种动词是指它们动作很短暂，开始也就意味着结束，它们不能表示延续的意义,不能跟表示一段的时间状语连用。 [错误示例] He has died for 2 years. 这里“die”属于瞬间动词，它所表示的动作在瞬间就已完成，无法持续一段时间，所以此句表达有误。 [正确表达]He has been dead for 2 years. 这里使用了状态动词“be dead”，“be dead”表示一种状态，这种状态是可以持续的，因而能够与表示一段时间的“for 2 years”搭配使用. 注： be open(adj.) 开着的 表示状态 be opened(v.) 被打开 表示动作 但在否定句中,短暂类动词可以与时间段连用。如: I haven't bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasn't come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。 2. have/has been to, have/has gone to 与have/has been in 的区别 have/has been to 意为“去过某地(已回) ”，可与once, twice, three times, never, ever 等时间状语连用 My father has been to Beijing twice.我爸爸去过北京两次。 have/has gone to 意为“去了某地(不在这里) ”，说话时某人已经离开此地 —Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？ —He isn’t here. He has gone to Qingdao. 他不在这里。他去了青岛 have/has been in 意为“在某地待了多久”，常与for时间状语连用。 I have been in Shanghai for three years. 我在上海已经待了三年了。 3. 句型 "It is/has been+一段时间+since从句 (从句中用一般过去时) 这一结构来表述延续类的动作或状态。表示“从…起到现在已经多长时间了” 例如：She has been away from school for one year. 她已经离开学校一年了。 →It’s one year since she left school. 她离开学校一年了。 It has been 3 years since she joined the club.（她加入俱乐部 3 年了。） （当遇到像 “join” 这样的瞬间动词时，需要将其转换为具有延续性的状态，也就是 “be in”。这里所使用的句型为 “It is/has been + 时间 + since 过去时”，以此来正确表达从过去某个时间点开始，到现在所经历的时长。） 可以使用以下三种表达： 如:电影开始五分钟了。 The film began five minutes ago. （点对点） The film has been on for five minutes. （段对段） It is five minutes since the film began. （句型） 4. 用于This/That/It is the first(second…) time that…句型中。如： It is the first time that I have visited your beautiful city. 这是我第三次参观这个美丽的城市了。 5. 用于This/That/It is +the+形容词最高级+名词+that…句型中。如： That’s the most interesting book I’ve ever read. 这是我看过的最有意思的书。 当堂训练 一、基础练习（Level 1） 1.用 for 或 since 填空 I have lived in this city ______ ten years. She has been ill ______ last Monday. They have played basketball ______ two hours. We have known each other ______ 2018. He has worked in this company ______ five months. 2、对划线部分提问 I have had this book for two weeks. He has been away since yesterday. 二、提升练习（Level 2） （一）单项选择 1. — ______ have you been a member of the club? — For about two years. A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far 2. My uncle ______ in the factory since he left school. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. will work 3. She has ______ the village for three days. A. left B. been away from C. gone D. been to 4．（2024河北中考）This book must be great．My sister______ it five times. A. reads B. has read C.is reading D. was reading 5.-Mary, I remember you______ several years ago. -Yes, I______ for 3 years. A. married; have married B. married; married C. married; have been married D. have married; have been married 6. Our foreign teacher Mr Green______ us English since three years ago. A. has taught B.is teaching C. taught D. teaches 7. Mr Fanthis ______ watch in 2005.He______ it for many years. A. bought; has had B. bought; has C. has bought; has D. has bought; had 8. I ate some fruit, which I______ since I was a child, and the vegetables from my garden. A. have enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoy D. had enjoyed （二）、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.我学习英语已经有五年了。 I have learned English ______ five years. 2.他自从去年就开始弹钢琴。 He has played the piano ______ last year. 3.你拥有这辆自行车多久了？ ______ ______ have you had this bike? 三、拓展练习（Level 3） 写作：用现在完成时描述你在一项爱好上的坚持和收获，比如绘画、运动等，字数不少于 80 词。 Unit 3 Make it happen! 重点语法--动词不定式和动名词作宾语 一、知识点讲解 （一）动词不定式作宾语 结构与特点 动词不定式的结构为 “to + 动词原形” ，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。当表达 “想做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事” 等含义，出现两个动词连用的情况时，行为动词后常接动词不定式作宾语 。 示例与常用动词 1.I wanted to see the Beijing opera, so Li Ling offered to take me there.（“want” 和 “offer” 是及物动词 ，“to see” 和 “to take” 分别作它们的宾语 ，表明想要和提出去做的事 ） 2.We only planned to watch for an hour.（“plan” 后接 “to watch” ，表示计划要做的事 ） 3.I hope to understand more next time.（“hope” 后接 “to understand” ，表示希望要做的事 ） 常见后面接不定式作宾语的动词有：plan（计划）、decide（决定）、want（想要）、hope（希望）、offer（提出）、learn（学习）等 。 （二）动名词作宾语 • 构成与用法 动名词由动词原形加 -ing 构成。在英语中，有些动词只能用动名词作宾语 。 • 示例与常用动词 1.She enjoys learning about different cultures and traditions from around the world.（“enjoy” 后接动名词 “learning” 作宾语 ） 2.He practises playing the guitar for two hours every day.（“practise” 后接动名词 “playing” 作宾语 ） 常见后面接动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy（喜欢）、practise（练习）、finish（完成）、avoid（避免）、keep（保持）、mind（介意）等 。 （三）特殊情况 有些动词既可以接不定式又可以接动名词作宾语，但表达的意义可能不同 。 1.I remember seeing her.（“remember doing sth.” 表示记得做过某事，这里表示记得见过她 ） 2.You must remember to lock the door before leaving the house.（“remember to do sth.” 表示记得去做某事，这里表示出门前要记得去锁门，还没做 ） 当堂训练 分层练习 一、基础练习（Level 1） （一）用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.I want ______ (buy) a new bike. 2.She enjoys ______ (listen) to music. 3.They decided ______ (go) on a picnic this weekend. 4.He practices ______ (play) the piano every evening. 5.We hope ______ (visit) the Great Wall next year. 6.My sister plans ______ (learn) a new language. 7.The boy offered ______ (help) the old man cross the road. 8.I need ______ (finish) my homework before dinner. 9.She wants ______ (become) a doctor when she grows up. 10.They agreed ______ (meet) at the park gate. （二）单项选择 1.I plan ______ a party for my birthday. A. have B. to have C. having D. has 2. ．—Do you enjoy ________ piano? —Yes, that’s my favorite activity in my free time. A．play the B．to play C．playing the D．playing 3.He decided ______ a computer to help with his work. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 4.She hopes ______ a good grade in the exam. A. get B. to get C. getting D. got 5.My parents want me ______ more exercise. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took 6．I decided ________ hard at English, so I kept ________ English books for two hours. A．to work; reading B．to work; to read C．to working; to read D．to working; reading 7．Some students are tired this morning because they spent a lot of time ________ for the midterm exam last night. A．prepare B．to prepare C．preparing D．prepared 8．Mary continued ________ when the music stopped suddenly. A．sings B．sang C．singing D．sung 9．—It’s Tree-planting Day today. How about ________ some trees in the park? —That’s a great idea. Let’s go! A．taking B．planting C．buying 10．（贵州黔南州中考）Please stop________ and go out for a walk. Remember________ warm clothes. A.to study; wearing B.studying; to wear C.to study; to wear D.studying; wearing 二 提升练习（Level 2） 根据汉语意思完成句子 1.我喜欢在周末和朋友们打篮球。I enjoy ______ basketball with my friends on weekends. 2.他计划明年去国外学习。He plans ______ ______ abroad next year. 3.请记得给我回电话。Please remember ______ ______ me back. 4.她决定参加学校的歌唱比赛。She decided ______ ______ in the school singing competition. 5.我们应该避免浪费食物。We should avoid ______ food. 三 拓展练习（Level 3） 写作 用本单元所学语法知识，介绍自己的兴趣爱好和未来计划，不少于 80 词。 ( 11 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 This is me重点语法——现在完成时（1） 一、知识点讲解 （一）构成形式 现在完成时由 “have /has + 动词的过去分词” 构成。其中，第三人称单数形式用 “has” ，其他人称用 “have” 。否定形式是 “have /has not (haven't /hasn't) + 动词的过去分词” 。 例如： 1. I have seen the film.（肯定句） 1. I have not (haven't) seen the film.（否定句） 1. He has travelled all over the world.（肯定句） 1. He has not (hasn't) travelled all over the world.（否定句） （二）用法 1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 例如：I have seen the film. I do not want to see it again. （看过电影这个过去的动作，对现在不想再看产生了影响 ） 1. 表示到目前为止已经完成的事。 （三）句型 人称 肯定句 否定句 疑问句及回答 第一人称 I have...We have... I have not (haven't)...We have not (haven't)... — Have you...?— Yes, I / we have. / No, I / we have not (haven't). 第二人称 You have... You have not (haven't)... — Have you...?— Yes, I / we have. / No, I / we have not (haven't). 第三人称 He / She has...They have... He / She has not (hasn't)...They have not (haven't)... — Has he / she...?— Yes, he / she has. / No, he / she has not (hasn't).— Have they...?— Yes, they have. / No, they have not (haven't). （四）动词过去分词变化规则 规则变化 一般在动词原形后加 -ed ，如：work - worked ；以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，直接加 -d ，如：live - lived ；以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的动词，变 y 为 i ，再加 -ed ，如：study - studied ；以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加 -ed ，如：stop - stopped 。 不规则变化 需要牢记，如：be - was /were - been ；do - did - done ；go - went - gone 等 。 （5） 时间状语 1.just ：意为 “刚刚” ，用于肯定句句中，置于 have /has 之后 。例如：I have just heard the news. 2.already ：意为 “已经” ，用于肯定句句中，置于 have /has 之后 。（有时，也可能位于句尾。）例如：Astronauts have already been to the moon. I have seen it already. 3.yet ：意为 “还未” ，用于否定句或疑问句，置于句末 。例如：The scientists have not heard from it yet. 4.ever：意为“曾经”，用于疑问句句中，置于 have /has 之后。例如：Have you ever surfed? 5. Once/twice/three times…:意为“几次”，用于句尾。例如：I have visited Beijing twice. 6.in/during/over the last/past few years: 意为“在最近几年”，用于句尾或居中或句首。 （六）与一般过去时的区别 1. 现在完成时 ：强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，不强调动作发生的具体时间 。 1. 一般过去时 ：强调过去某个具体时间发生的动作 。 例如： 1. I have just been to London. I went there last month. （“have been to” 强调现在的经历，“went” 强调过去具体上个月去的动作 ） 1. I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago. （“have finished” 强调现在作业已完成的结果，“finished” 强调一小时前完成的这个过去动作 ） 当堂训练一 一、基础练习（Level 1） （一）.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.I ______ (see) the film twice. have seen 解析：“twice”（两次）表明动作发生的次数，是现在完成时常见的时间状语，强调过去看过电影这个动作对现在的影响（比如知道电影情节，不想再看等 ）。主语 I 不是第三人称单数，所以用 “have + 过去分词 seen” 。 2.He ______ (not have) breakfast yet. hasn't had 解析：“yet” 是现在完成时否定句中常用的时间状语。主语 He 是第三人称单数，所以要用 “has not（hasn't ）+ 过去分词 had” 。 3.They ______ (visit) the Great Wall last year.（此句复习一般过去时 ） Visited 解析：“last year”（去年）是明确的过去时间状语，所以此句要用一般过去时，“visit” 的过去式是 “visited” 。 4.My parents ______ (already buy) a new car. have already bought 解析：“already” 是现在完成时肯定句中常用的时间状语。主语 My parents 不是第三人称单数，所以用 “have + 过去分词 bought” 。 （二）将下列句子变为否定句和一般疑问句并作回答 1.She has read this book. ⑴否定句：______ She hasn't read this book. 解析：现在完成时变否定句，只需在助动词 has 后加 not ，“has not” 可缩写为 “hasn't” 。 ⑵一般疑问句：______ Has she read this book? 解析：现在完成时变一般疑问句，把助动词 has 提到主语 she 前面即可。 ⑶肯定回答：______ Yes, she has. 解析：对于以 “Has + 主语” 开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用 “Yes, 主语 + has” ，这里主语是 she 。 ⑷否定回答：______ No, she hasn't. 解析：否定回答用 “No, 主语 + hasn't” ，这里主语是 she 。 2.We have travelled around the country. ⑴ 否定句：______ We haven't travelled around the country. 解析：现在完成时变否定句，在助动词 have 后加 not ，“have not” 可缩写为 “haven't” 。 ⑵一般疑问句：______ Have you travelled around the country? 解析：变一般疑问句时把 have 提到主语 we 前面，同时把第一人称 we 变为第二人称 you 。 ⑶肯定回答：______ Yes, we have. 解析：以 “Have + 主语” 开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用 “Yes, 主语 + have” ，这里主语是 we 。 ⑷否定回答：______ No, we haven't. 解析：否定回答用 “No, 主语 + haven't” ，这里主语是 we 。 二、提升练习（Level 2） （一）、单项选择 一1.—John, it’s raining outside. Where is your umbrella? — Someone else ______ mine by mistake. I can’t find it now. A. takes B. has taken C. was taking D. will take B 根据句意，乔恩，外面正在下雨，你的雨伞在哪里？别人错拿了我的雨伞。我现在找不到了。 这是对现在造成的影响，所以用现在完成时。 2. — Do you want me to clean the kitchen this afternoon? — No, thanks. I _______ it already. A. will clean B. clean C. have cleaned D. was cleaning C 根据句尾的already，可知，应该用现在完成时。 3.— Is the Great Wall worth visiting? — Of course. I _______ it many times and the views always surprise me. A. climb B. are climbing C. climbed D. have climbed D 根据many times，可知，应该用现在完成时。 4. Professor Yang is still working in her laboratory because she _______ her work yet. A. hasn’t finished B. doesn’t finish C. didn’t finish D. won’t finish A 根据句尾的yet，可知，应该用现在完成时。 5.—I can’t believe we are in the countryside of Hefei. — It _____ greatly over the past few years under the right leadership（带领）of the government. A. will change B. changes C. is changing D. has changed D 根据句中的over the past few years，可知，应该用现在完成时。 （2） 、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.我刚刚收到我朋友的来信。 I ______ just ______ a letter from my friend. have received 解析：“刚刚” 用 just ，是现在完成时的时间状语，“收到” 用 receive ，主语 I 不是第三人称单数，所以用 “have + 过去分词 received” 。 2.他们还没有决定去哪儿度假。 They ______ ______ where to go for a holiday ______. haven't decided yet 解析：“还没有” 在否定句中用 yet ，“决定” 用 decide ，主语 They 不是第三人称单数，现在完成时的否定形式用 “haven't + 过去分词 decided” 。 3.我去年参观了故宫，它非常壮观。 I ______ the Palace Museum last year. It was really wonderful. Visited 解析：“last year”（去年）是一般过去时的时间状语，“参观” visit 的过去式是 visited 。 （三）、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 1. You arrived too late. They _________(leave) already. Have left 根据already，可知，应该用现在完成时。Leave的过去分词是left。 2. I’m late for the meeting. Luckily, it __________(not start) yet. Hasn’t started 根据yet，可知，应该用现在完成时。Start 是规则的动词，过去分词是started，it是第三人单数形式，所以用 hasn’t。 3. My parents ___________(clean) the bathroom, so it’s very tidy. Have cleaned 根据句意：我的父母已经打扫了浴室，所以它现在非常干净。这是强调造成的影响，所以用现在完成时。 4.Just now a car ___________(appear) at the front door and a man walked out. Appeared 根据时间短语just now刚才，可知，应该用一般过去时。 5. I __________(climb) the Great Wall many times and the views always surprise me. Have climbed 根据句中的many times，可知，应该用现在完成时。 （四）写作:用现在完成时介绍一下你自己的经历，比如去过哪些地方旅游，参加过什么活动等，不少于 60 词 。 参考范文： My Experiences I have had many great experiences so far. I have travelled to several beautiful cities. For example, I have been to Hangzhou. I have visited the West Lake, which is really amazing. The scenery there has left a deep - impression on me. I have also taken part in a painting competition. I have spent a lot of time preparing for it. Although I didn't win the first prize, I have learned a lot from the process. These experiences have made my life more colorful. 解析： 开头：“I have had many great experiences so far.” 用现在完成时直接表明自己有很多经历，引出下文。 主体内容：“I have travelled to...” 和 “I have been to...” 描述去过的地方及相关经历；“I have also taken part in...” 讲述参加绘画比赛的经历。在描述经历时，运用现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响，比如去过西湖，西湖的景色给自己留下深刻印象；参加比赛虽然没拿一等奖，但从过程中学到很多。 结尾：“These experiences have made my life more colorful.” 再次用现在完成时总结这些经历对自己生活的影响。 Unit 2 Getting along重点语法--现在完成时（2） 一、构成方法 1. 基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. She has already finished her homework.（她已经完成了作业。） ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+宾语. He hasn’t visited the museum yet.（他还没参观过博物馆。） ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. Have you ever been to Beijing?（你曾经去过北京吗？） ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） How long has she lived here?（她住这儿多久了？） 2. 过去分词 　　规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。　　 (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 　　work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 　　live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。 　　study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 　　stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 不规则动词： AAA型 　　原型 过去式 过去分词 　　 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 cost cost cost 　　cut cut cut 　　hit hit hit 　　hurt hurt hurt 　　put put put 　　set set set 　　shut shut shut 　　spread spread spread 传播 　　let let let 　　read read read read原形/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/r AAB型 　　beat beat beaten ABA型 　　become became become 　　run ran run 　　come came come ABB型 　　 bring brought brought 　　buy bought bought 　　build built built 　　burn burnt burnt 　　catch caught caught 　　dig dug dug 　　feel felt felt 　　fight fought fought 　　find found found 　　feed fed fed 　　get got got 　　hang hung hung 　　hear heard heard 　　hold held held 　　keep kept kept 　　lay laid laid 　　lead led led 　　lose lost lost 　　leave left left 　　lend lent lent 　　make made made 　　mean meant meant 　　meet met met 　　pay paid paid 　　sell sold sold 　　shoot shot shot 　　say said said 　　sit sat sat 　　stand stood stood 　　shine shone shone 　　sweep swept swept 　　sleep slept slept 　　teach taught taught 　　tell told told 　　think thought thought 　　win won won ABC型 　　 begin began begun 　　blow blew blown 　　break broke broken 　　choose chose chosen 　　draw drew drawn 　　drive drove driven 　　drink drank drunk 　　fly flew flown 　　forgive forgave forgiven 　　forget forgot forgotten 　　freeze froze frozen 　　give gave given 　　grow grew grown 　　know knew known 　　ride rode ridden 　　rise rose risen 　　ring rang rung 　　shake shook shaken 　　sing sang sung 　　sink sank sunk 　　swim swam swum 　　throw threw thrown 　　write wrote written 　　take took taken 　　wear wore worn 二、用法说明 ■1.表示过去已经发生或完成的动作，对现在造成的影响依然存在。 时间状语： already（用于肯定句） ever just several times 几次 yet（用于否、疑） never before recently 最近 如: She has just cleaned the room.（她刚打扫了房间。）（该句表明，由于她刚刚完成了打扫房间这个动作，所以现在 “房间是干净的”，充分体现出过去动作所产生的影响。） ■2.表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语： since +时间点 表示“从…起到现在” for +时间段 so far到目前为止 during/in the last /past few years 在过去的几年里 up to now直到现在 how long多长时间 since then自从 如：We have lived in Shanghai for 5 years.（我们在上海住了 5 年。）（“住” 这个动作是从5年前就开始了，一直持续到现在，并且基于语境，这种居住状态还有可能继续持续下去。） She has been a dancer for ten years. 她已当了十年的舞蹈演员了。 We’ve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。 So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。 They’ve lived here since 1989. 从1989年起他们就在这里住了。 注意： 1. 现在完成时不与yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 1983, just now等表示具体的过去时间的状语连用,这些时间状语用于一般过去时。 2. 一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等与现在无关；而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在的 影响，与现在有关。 三、高频考点： 1 .瞬间动词的现在完成时。 瞬间动词也叫短暂类动词或终止类动词。这种动词是指它们动作很短暂，开始也就意味着结束，它们不能表示延续的意义,不能跟表示一段的时间状语连用。 [错误示例] He has died for 2 years. 这里“die”属于瞬间动词，它所表示的动作在瞬间就已完成，无法持续一段时间，所以此句表达有误。 [正确表达]He has been dead for 2 years. 这里使用了状态动词“be dead”，“be dead”表示一种状态，这种状态是可以持续的，因而能够与表示一段时间的“for 2 years”搭配使用. 注： be open(adj.) 开着的 表示状态 be opened(v.) 被打开 表示动作 但在否定句中,短暂类动词可以与时间段连用。如: I haven't bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasn't come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。 2. have/has been to, have/has gone to 与have/has been in 的区别 have/has been to 意为“去过某地(已回) ”，可与once, twice, three times, never, ever 等时间状语连用 My father has been to Beijing twice.我爸爸去过北京两次。 have/has gone to 意为“去了某地(不在这里) ”，说话时某人已经离开此地 —Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里？ —He isn’t here. He has gone to Qingdao. 他不在这里。他去了青岛 have/has been in 意为“在某地待了多久”，常与for时间状语连用。 I have been in Shanghai for three years. 我在上海已经待了三年了。 3. 句型 "It is/has been+一段时间+since从句 (从句中用一般过去时) 这一结构来表述延续类的动作或状态。表示“从…起到现在已经多长时间了” 例如：She has been away from school for one year. 她已经离开学校一年了。 →It’s one year since she left school. 她离开学校一年了。 It has been 3 years since she joined the club.（她加入俱乐部 3 年了。） （当遇到像 “join” 这样的瞬间动词时，需要将其转换为具有延续性的状态，也就是 “be in”。这里所使用的句型为 “It is/has been + 时间 + since 过去时”，以此来正确表达从过去某个时间点开始，到现在所经历的时长。） 可以使用以下三种表达： 如:电影开始五分钟了。 The film began five minutes ago. （点对点） The film has been on for five minutes. （段对段） It is five minutes since the film began. （句型） 4. 用于This/That/It is the first(second…) time that…句型中。如： It is the first time that I have visited your beautiful city. 这是我第三次参观这个美丽的城市了。 5. 用于This/That/It is +the+形容词最高级+名词+that…句型中。如： That’s the most interesting book I’ve ever read. 这是我看过的最有意思的书。 当堂训练 一、基础练习（Level 1） 1.用 for 或 since 填空 I have lived in this city ______ ten years. 解析：“ten years”（十年）是一段时间，所以用 for 。 She has been ill ______ last Monday. 解析：“last Monday”（上周一）是时间点，所以用 since 。 They have played basketball ______ two hours. 解析：“two hours”（两小时）是一段时间，所以用 for 。 We have known each other ______ 2018. 解析：“2018” 是时间点，所以用 since 。 He has worked in this company ______ five months. 解析：“five months”（五个月）是一段时间,所以用 for 。 2、对划线部分提问 I have had this book for two weeks. How long have you had this book? 解析：对 “for + 一段时间” 提问，用 How long ，然后把原句的第一人称 I 变为第二人称 you ，助动词 have 提到主语前，其他部分照抄。 He has been away since yesterday. How long has he been away? 解析：对 “since + 时间点” 提问，用 How long ，原句中主语是第三人称单数 he ，助动词用 has ，提到主语前，其他部分照抄 。 二、提升练习（Level 2） （一）单项选择 1. — ______ have you been a member of the club? — For about two years. A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far B 解析：根据答语 “For about two years.”（大约两年 ），可知是对一段时间提问。“How often” 提问频率；“How long” 提问一段时间；“How soon” 提问 “多久以后” ，常用于一般将来时；“How far” 提问距离。所以选 B 。 2. My uncle ______ in the factory since he left school. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. will work 答案：C 解析：“since he left school”（自从他离开学校 ）是现在完成时的标志，强调从过去一直持续到现在的动作，主语 My uncle 是第三人称单数，所以用 has worked，选 C 。 3. She has ______ the village for three days. A. left B. been away from C. gone D. been to 答案：B 解析：“for three days”（三天 ）表示一段时间，句子要用延续性动词。“left” 和 “gone” 都是短暂性动词；“been to” 表示 “去过某地（已回 ）” ，不符合语境；“been away from” 表示 “离开某地” ，是延续性表达，所以选 B 。 4．（2024河北中考）This book must be great．My sister______ it five times. A. reads B. has read C.is reading D. was reading B 解析：句意：这本书一定很不错。我妹妹已经看了五遍了。根据“five times”可判断，此处表示到目前为止做某事的次数，应用现在完成时。故选B。 5.-Mary, I remember you______ several years ago. -Yes, I______ for 3 years. A. married; have married B. married; married C. married; have been married D. have married; have been married C 解析：句意：-玛丽，我记得你几年前结婚了。-是的，我已经结婚三年了，对话中第一句的时间状语是“several years ago”，因此要用一般过去时；根据第二句话中的“for 3 years＂可知，第二空应用现在完成时，并且要用延续性动词be married，故选C。 6. Our foreign teacher Mr Green______ us English since three years ago. A. has taught B.is teaching C. taught D. teaches A 解析：句意：我们的外语老师格林先生自从三年前一直教我们英语。“since十一段时间十ago”为现在完成时的标志。故选A。 7. Mr Fanthis ______ watch in 2005.He______ it for many years. A. bought; has had B. bought; has C. has bought; has D. has bought; had A 解析：句意：范先生在2005年买了这块手表。他已经买了许多年了。“in2005”为一般过去时的标志词，所以第一空应用一般过去时；根据“for many years”可知，第二空应用现在完成时。故选A。 8. I ate some fruit, which I______ since I was a child, and the vegetables from my garden. A. have enjoyed B. enjoyed C. enjoy D. had enjoyed A 解析：根据“since I was a child”可知，设空处应用现在完成时。故选A。 （二）、根据汉语意思完成句子 1.我学习英语已经有五年了。 I have learned English ______ five years. for 解析：“five years”（五年）是一段时间，所以用 for 。 2.他自从去年就开始弹钢琴。 He has played the piano ______ last year. since 解析：“last year”（去年）是时间点，所以用 since 。 3.你拥有这辆自行车多久了？ ______ ______ have you had this bike? How long 解析：对 “多久” 提问，用 How long。 三、拓展练习（Level 3） 写作：用现在完成时描述你在一项爱好上的坚持和收获，比如绘画、运动等，字数不少于 80 词。 参考范文： My Love for Running I have been in love with running for a long time. I have started running since I was in Grade 7. At first, I just ran for a short distance. But as time went by, I have gradually increased the running distance. I have joined the school running club since last year. In the club, I have made many friends who also love running. We often run together and encourage each other. So far, I have taken part in several running competitions. Although I haven't won any first - prizes, I have learned a lot from these experiences. Running has not only made me stronger but also more confident. I will keep running in the future. 解析： • 开头：“I have been in love with running for a long time.” 点明自己长期以来对跑步的热爱，用现在完成时引出下文 。 • 主体内容：“I have started running since I was in Grade 7.” 说明从七年级开始跑步，体现动作的持续性；“I have gradually increased the running distance.” 表示跑步距离逐渐增加，是量的累积；“I have joined the school running club since last year.” 讲述加入俱乐部的情况；“I have made many friends...” 说明在俱乐部交到朋友；“I have taken part in several running competitions.” 及后续内容讲述参加比赛的收获 。 • 结尾：“Running has not only made me stronger but also more confident.” 总结跑步对自己的影响，再次用现在完成时强调收获. ( 11 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Unit 3 Make it happen! 重点语法--动词不定式和动名词作宾语 一、知识点讲解 （一）动词不定式作宾语 结构与特点 动词不定式的结构为 “to + 动词原形” ，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。当表达 “想做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事” 等含义，出现两个动词连用的情况时，行为动词后常接动词不定式作宾语 。 示例与常用动词 1.I wanted to see the Beijing opera, so Li Ling offered to take me there.（“want” 和 “offer” 是及物动词 ，“to see” 和 “to take” 分别作它们的宾语 ，表明想要和提出去做的事 ） 2.We only planned to watch for an hour.（“plan” 后接 “to watch” ，表示计划要做的事 ） 3.I hope to understand more next time.（“hope” 后接 “to understand” ，表示希望要做的事 ） 常见后面接不定式作宾语的动词有：plan（计划）、decide（决定）、want（想要）、hope（希望）、offer（提出）、learn（学习）等 。 （二）动名词作宾语 · 构成与用法 动名词由动词原形加 -ing 构成。在英语中，有些动词只能用动名词作宾语 。 · 示例与常用动词 1.She enjoys learning about different cultures and traditions from around the world.（“enjoy” 后接动名词 “learning” 作宾语 ） 2.He practises playing the guitar for two hours every day.（“practise” 后接动名词 “playing” 作宾语 ） 常见后面接动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy（喜欢）、practise（练习）、finish（完成）、avoid（避免）、keep（保持）、mind（介意）等 。 （三）特殊情况 有些动词既可以接不定式又可以接动名词作宾语，但表达的意义可能不同 。 1.I remember seeing her.（“remember doing sth.” 表示记得做过某事，这里表示记得见过她 ） 2.You must remember to lock the door before leaving the house.（“remember to do sth.” 表示记得去做某事，这里表示出门前要记得去锁门，还没做 ） 当堂训练 分层练习 一、基础练习（Level 1） （一）用所给动词的适当形式填空 1.I want ______ (buy) a new bike. to buy 解析：“want” 后接动词不定式作宾语，“want to do sth.” ，所以填 “to buy” 。 2.She enjoys ______ (listen) to music. listening 解析：“enjoy” 后接动名词作宾语，“enjoy doing sth.” ，“listen” 的动名词形式是 “listening” ，所以填 “listening” 。 3.They decided ______ (go) on a picnic this weekend. to go 解析：“decide” 后接动词不定式作宾语，“decide to do sth.” ，所以填 “to go” 。 4.He practices ______ (play) the piano every evening. playing 解析：“practice” 后接动名词作宾语，“practice doing sth.” ，“play” 的动名词是 “playing” ，所以填 “playing” 。 5.We hope ______ (visit) the Great Wall next year. to visit 解析：“hope” 后接动词不定式作宾语，“hope to do sth.” ，所以填 “to visit” 。 6.My sister plans ______ (learn) a new language. to learn 解析：“plan” 后接动词不定式作宾语，“plan to do sth.” ，所以填 “to learn” 。 7.The boy offered ______ (help) the old man cross the road. to help 解析：“offer” 后接动词不定式作宾语，“offer to do sth.” ，所以填 “to help” 。 8.I need ______ (finish) my homework before dinner. to finish 解析：“need” 作为实义动词时，后接动词不定式，“need to do sth.” ，所以填 “to finish” 。 9.She wants ______ (become) a doctor when she grows up. to become 解析：“want” 后接动词不定式作宾语，“want to do sth.” ，所以填 “to become” 。 10.They agreed ______ (meet) at the park gate. to meet 解析：“agree” 后接动词不定式作宾语，“agree to do sth.” ，所以填 “to meet” 。 （二）单项选择 1.I plan ______ a party for my birthday. A. have B. to have C. having D. has 答案：B 解析：“plan” 后接动词不定式作宾语，“plan to do sth.” ，所以选 B 。 2. ．—Do you enjoy ________ piano? —Yes, that’s my favorite activity in my free time. A．play the B．to play C．playing the D．playing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你喜欢弹钢琴吗？——是的，那是我空闲时间最喜欢的活动。 考查动词短语和非谓语动词。play the piano“弹钢琴”；enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选C。 3.He decided ______ a computer to help with his work. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought 答案：B 解析：“decide” 后接动词不定式作宾语，“decide to do sth.” ，所以选 B 。 4.She hopes ______ a good grade in the exam. A. get B. to get C. getting D. got 答案：B 解析：“hope” 后接动词不定式作宾语，“hope to do sth.” ，所以选 B 。 5.My parents want me ______ more exercise. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took 答案：B 解析：“want” 后接动词不定式作宾语，“want sb. to do sth.” ，所以选 B 。 6．I decided ________ hard at English, so I kept ________ English books for two hours. A．to work; reading B．to work; to read C．to working; to read D．to working; reading 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我决定努力学习英语，所以我持续看了两个小时的英语书。 考查非谓语动词。根据短语decide to do sth.“决定做某事”可知，第一空应填动词不定式to work；根据短语keep doing sth.“持续做某事”可知，第二空应选动名词reading。故选A。 7．Some students are tired this morning because they spent a lot of time ________ for the midterm exam last night. A．prepare B．to prepare C．preparing D．prepared 【答案】C 【详解】句意：一些学生今天早上很疲惫，因为昨晚他们花了很多时间准备期中考试。 考查非谓语动词。spend…(in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”，动词要用动名词形式。故选C。 8．Mary continued ________ when the music stopped suddenly. A．sings B．sang C．singing D．sung 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当音乐突然停止时，玛丽继续唱歌。 考查非谓语动词。“continue doing sth.”表示“继续做某事（指继续做同一件事）”，结合“Mary continued...when the music stopped suddenly.”可知，此处用动名词形式。故选C。 9．—It’s Tree-planting Day today. How about ________ some trees in the park? —That’s a great idea. Let’s go! A．taking B．planting C．buying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——今天是植树节。在公园里种些树怎么样？——这是个好主意。我们走吧！ 考查动名词辨析及用法。taking拿；planting种植；buying买。根据“It’s Tree-planting Day today...some trees in the park?”可知，此处应该是说植树。How about后跟动名词。故选B。 10．（贵州黔南州中考）Please stop________ and go out for a walk. Remember________ warm clothes. A.to study; wearing B.studying; to wear C.to study; to wear D.studying; wearing B 解析：句意：请停止学习，去外面散散步吧。记得穿上暖和的衣服。stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”，remember to do sth.意为“记得去做某事”。故选B。 二 提升练习（Level 2） 根据汉语意思完成句子 1.我喜欢在周末和朋友们打篮球。I enjoy ______ basketball with my friends on weekends. playing 解析：“enjoy” 后接动名词作宾语，“打篮球” 是 “play basketball” ，动名词形式为 “playing” 。 2.他计划明年去国外学习。He plans ______ ______ abroad next year. to study 解析：“plan” 后接动词不定式作宾语，“计划去学习” 是 “plan to study” ，所以填 “to study” 。 3.请记得给我回电话。Please remember ______ ______ me back. to call 解析：“remember to do sth.” 表示记得去做某事，“给某人回电话” 是 “call sb. back” ，所以填 “to call” 。 4.她决定参加学校的歌唱比赛。She decided ______ ______ in the school singing competition. to join 解析：“decide” 后接动词不定式作宾语，“决定参加” 是 “decide to join” ，所以填 “to join” 。 5.我们应该避免浪费食物。We should avoid ______ food. wasting 解析：“avoid” 后接动名词作宾语，“避免浪费” 是 “avoid wasting” ，所以填 “wasting” 。 三 拓展练习（Level 3） 写作 用本单元所学语法知识，介绍自己的兴趣爱好和未来计划，不少于 80 词。 参考范文 My Hobbies and Plans I have several hobbies. I really enjoy reading books, as it can broaden my horizons. I often spend my weekends reading interesting novels. I also like playing basketball. I practice playing it with my friends every Saturday afternoon. In the future, I plan to learn to play the guitar. I hope to be able to play some beautiful songs. I decide to take guitar lessons next month. Additionally, I want to travel to more places to experience different cultures. I believe these experiences will make my life more colorful. I will keep working hard to achieve my plans. 解析： 1. 开头：点明自己有多种兴趣爱好，引出下文。 2. 主体内容：“enjoy reading”“practice playing” 体现动名词作宾语的用法 ，“plan to learn”“hope to be able”“decide to take”“want to travel” 等体现动词不定式作宾语的用法 ，分别介绍了自己的兴趣爱好和未来计划 。 3. 结尾：表明会努力实现计划。 ( 15 )科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $