热点话题06（中国文化—中国传统经典故事）（时文热点阅读专项训练）中考英语通用版

热点话题06 中国文化—中国传统经典故 题型 语篇 话题 完形填空 Passage 1 中国传统经典故事：伏羲与八卦。（原创） Passage 2 中国传统经典故事：成语“墨守成规”的来源。（原创） Passage 3 中国传统经典故事：“卧薪尝胆”的故事。（原创） Passage 4 中国传统经典故事：成语“东山再起”的来源。（原创） Passage 5 中国传统经典故事：成语“乱七八糟”背后的故事。（原创） Passage 6 中国传统经典故事：成语“滴水穿石”的故事。（原创） Passage 7 中国传统经典故事：“程门立雪”的故事。 Passage 8 中国传统经典故事：“三顾茅庐”的故事。（原创） Passage 9 中国传统经典故事：“将相和”“负荆请罪”的故事。（原创） Passage 10 中国传统经典故事：周处除三害的故事。 Passage 11 中国传统经典故事：“围魏救赵”的故事。（原创） Passage 12 中国传统经典故事：“声东击西”的故事。（原创） Passage 13 中国传统经典故事：“退避三舍”的故事。（改编） Passage 14 中国传统经典故事：“闻鸡起舞”的故事。 Passage 15 中国传统经典故事：“用人如器”的故事。 Passage 1 Fu Xi is an important figure in Chinese history and culture. He is considered one of the earliest ancestors of the Chinese people and is known as a great sage（圣人） and inventor. In ancient times, Fu Xi observed the world around him_____1____. He looked at the sky, the earth, the sun, the moon, the stars, and all kinds of ____2____ phenomena（现象）. From these observations, he____3____ the Bagua, which is a set of eight symbols. Each symbol stands for different aspects of the world, such as heaven, earth, thunder, wind, water, fire, mountain, and lake. The Bagua is____4_____three lines, and these lines can be either solid (representing yang) or broken (representing yin). By ____5___ these lines in different ways, the eight symbols are ____6____. These symbols are very important in traditional Chinese culture. They are used in many fields, like philosophy（哲学）, divination（占卜）, and traditional Chinese medicine. For example, in philosophy, the Bagua helps people understand the ____7____ and change in the world. Yin and yang represent two opposite but complementary（相反但互补）forces. Everything in the world ___8____ both yin and yang elements. In traditional Chinese medicine, the theory of the Bagua is also used to explain the human body and how to keep healthy. Fu Xi's creation of the Bagua has had a lasting ____9____on Chinese culture. It shows the wisdom of the ancient Chinese people and has been passed down through generations. Even today, people are still studying and ___10______the rich meaning of the Bagua. 1. A. quietly B. carefully C. confidently D. hard 2. A. natural B. interesting C. regular D. common 3. A. build B. invented C. produced D. created 4. A. made of B. made up of C. made into D. made from 5. A. mixing B. fixing C. repairing D. combining 6. A. discovered B. formed C. reformed D. improved 7. A. appearance B. choice C. chance D. balance 8. A. includes B .remains C. spreads D. expresses 9. A. effort B. result C. influence D. achievement 10. A. catching B. mastering C. applying D. exploring 【答案】BADBD BDACD 1.句意：在古代，伏羲仔细地观察他周围的世界。 A. quietly 安静地；B. carefully 仔细地；C. confidently 自信地；D. hard 努力地。 根据后文 “He looked at the sky, the earth, the sun, the moon, the stars...” 可知他对周围世界进行了细致的观察，所以用 carefully，选 B。 2. A。句意：他观察天空、大地、太阳、月亮、星星以及各种自然现象。 A. natural 自然的；B. interesting 有趣的；C. regular 有规律的；D. common 常见的。 天空、大地等对应的现象是自然现象，所以选 A。 3. D句意：从这些观察中，他创建了八卦。 A. build 建造（一般指具体的建筑物等）；B. invented 发明（指发明创造出前所未有的东西，常指科技产品等）；C. produced 生产；D. created 创造（强调从无到有创造出独特的事物）。八卦是一种独特的文化符号，用 created 更合适，强调其创造性，选 D。 4. B 句意：八卦由三条线组成。 A. made of 由…… 制成（能看出原材料）；B. made up of 由…… 组成；C. made into 被制成……；D. made from 由…… 制成（看不出原材料）。这里表示八卦由三条线组成，用 made up of，选 B。 5. D 句意：通过以不同方式组合这些线，八个符号形成 A. mixing 混合（常指混合不同物质）；B. fixing 修理；C. repairing 修理；D. combining 组合。 这里是指将线组合形成符号，用 combining，选 D。 6.B句意：通过以不同方式组合这些线，八个符号形成了。 A. discovered 发现（原本存在但未被人知晓的事物）；B. formed 形成；C. reformed 改革；D. improved 提高。这里指通过组合线形成符号，用 formed，选 B。 7. D句意：在哲学中，八卦帮助人们理解世界的平衡和变化。 A. appearance 外观；B. choice 选择；C. chance 机会；D. balance 平衡。后文提到 “Yin and yang represent two opposite but complementary forces” 阴阳代表相反但互补的力量，说明是帮助理解世界的平衡，选 D。 8. A所在句子句意：世界上的一切包含阴阳两种元素。 A. includes 包括；B. remains 保持；C. spreads 传播；D. expresses 表达。表示一切事物都包含阴阳元素，用 includes，选 A。 9.C 句意：伏羲创造八卦对中国文化产生了持久的影响。 A. effort 努力；B. result 结果；C. influence 影响；D. achievement 成就。根据语境，是产生了持久的影响，用 influence，选 C。 10：D 句意：即使在今天，人们仍然在研究和探索八卦丰富的含义。 A. catching 抓住；B. mastering 掌握；C. applying 应用；D. exploring 探索。这里表示探索其含义，用 exploring 更合适，选 D。 Passage 2 完形填空 The Chinese idiom “mò shǒu chéng guī”，which means “sticking to old rules,” has a cool story behind it. Long ago, during the Warring States Period, there lived a very smart man named Mozi. He was great at making tools and knew a lot about keeping cities __1____ from attacks.​ At the same time, there was another ___2____ man called Gongshu Ban. He was famous for making strong war machines. One day, Gongshu Ban made new and____3___ machines to attack a city. He thought he would ___4_____ win with these amazing tools.​ Mozi didn’t want the war to happen. So, he went to see Gongshu Ban and said, “Let’s do a simulation test (模拟测试) on a table. You ____5____ to attack with your ____6____, and I’ll try to stop you.” In this test, Mozi used simple things and his clever mind. No matter how many times Gongshu Ban attacked, Mozi always found ways to ___7____ the “city.” Gongshu Ban tried nine different attacks, yet Mozi blocked each one successfully. After failing again and again, He realized that no matter how powerful his war machines were, Mozi’s wisdom was unbeatable. Finally, he had to ___8____ his plan to attack the city. Over time, people started using “Mozi’s defense” to describe those who strictly___9____ old methods and refused to accept new ideas, just like someone who only counts on old rules and never tries new ways. That’s how the idiom was born.​ Today, when we say someone “sticks to old rules,” we mean they ___10____change their ways, even if there are better options. Remember, it’s good to learn from history, but we should also be brave enough to try new things! 1. A. safe B. healthy C. smooth D. energetic 2. A. famous B. talented C. strong D. educated 3. A. proper B. powerful C. useful D. practical 4. A. eventually B. probably C. suddenly D. definitely 5. A. practise B. prevent C. pretend D. prepare 6. A. machines B. guns C. swords D. weapons 7. A. protest B. produce C. process D. protect 8. A. give up B. give in C. give away D. give off 9. A. changed B. followed C. reformed D. improved 10. A. always B. frequently C. never D. just 【答案】ABBDC ADABC 【解析】文章讲述战国时期墨子擅长守城防御，与擅长制造战争机器的公输班进行模拟攻防测试，墨子多次成功抵御进攻，使公输班放弃攻城计划。后来 “墨守成规” 一词由此衍生，用来形容固守旧规则、拒绝接受新思想的人，同时倡导在借鉴历史的同时勇于尝试新事物。 1. A.句意：他擅长制造工具，并且深知如何让城市免受攻击。 A. safe安全的。B. healthy健康的。C. smooth顺利的。D. energetic精力充沛的。 根据上下文 “keeping cities...from attacks”保护城市免受攻击，“safe” 最符合 “防护安全” 的语境。 2. B. 句意：与此同时，还有另一位才华横溢的人，名叫公输班。 A. famous著名的B. talented有才华的。C. strong强壮的。D. educated受过教育的。 公输班与墨子并列，均为 “聪明且有能力的人”，“talented” 更直接体现其技艺天赋。 3. B. 句意：一天，公输班制造了新型且强大的攻城机器。 A. proper合适的。B. powerful强大的。C. useful有用的。D. practical实际的。 后文提到公输班认为 “amazing tools”惊人的工具必胜，“powerful” 更能体现机器的威胁性和他的自信。 4. D. 句意：他认为凭借这些惊人的工具，自己肯定能赢。 A. eventually最终。B. probably可能。C. suddenly突然。D. definitely肯定地。 通过 “amazing tools” 可知公输班确信胜利，“definitely” 最能体现其笃定的态度。 5. C.句意：你假装用你的机器进攻，我来尝试防御。 A. practise练习。B. prevent阻止。C. pretend假装。D. prepare准备。 模拟测试是虚构场景，“pretend to attack”假装进攻符合 “模拟” 的核心含义。 6. A.句意：你假装用你的机器进攻，我来尝试防御。 A. machines机器。B. guns枪C. swords剑。D. weapons武器。 全文围绕公输班的 “战争机器” 展开，“machines” 是原文复现的关键词，最准确。 7. D. 句意：无论公输班进攻多少次，墨子总能找到方法保护 “城市”。 A. protest抗议。B. produce生产。C. process处理。D. protect保护。 模拟测试的核心是 “攻防对抗”，墨子的任务是 “保护城市”，“protect” 直接对应 “防御”。 8. A. 句意：最终，他不得不放弃进攻城市的计划。 A. give up放弃。B. give in屈服C. give away泄露 / 赠送。D. give off散发。 公输班因无法战胜墨子而 “终止进攻计划”，“give up” 是唯一符合搭配和语义的选项。 9. B. 句意：久而久之，人们开始用 “墨守成规” 来形容那些严格遵循旧方法、拒绝接受新思想的人。 A. changed改变。B. followed遵循。。C. reformed改革。D. improved改进。 成语 “墨守成规” 的核心是 “固守旧规则”，“followed” 准确表达了 “遵循旧法” 的行为。 10. C. 句意：如今，当我们说某人 “墨守成规” 时，意思是他们从不改变自己的方式，即使有更好的选择。 A. always总是。B. frequently频繁地。C. never从不。D. just仅仅。 “墨守成规” 批评的是 “顽固不化”，“never change”从不改变是最贴切的解释。 Passage 3 During the Spring and Autumn Period (770–476 BC), two powerful states in ancient China—Wu and Yue—often fought for land and power. In 494 BC, Yue’s king, Gou Jian, led his army against Wu but suffered a terrible defeat. To save his people from further____1____, Gou Jian made a painful choice: he gave in to Wu’s king, Fu Chai, and went to Wu as a____2___. For three years in Wu, Gou Jian put up with shame. He did lowly jobs like feeding Fu Chai’s horses, cleaning his palace, and even____3______ the king when he was ill. He hid his anger and desire for revenge, acting as if he had completely given up his royal pride. Fu Chai, fooled by his obedience, finally ___4___ Gou Jian to return to Yue in 491 BC. Back in his homeland, Gou Jian was determined to rebuild Yue and take revenge. To never forget his ____5___ in Wu, he slept on a pile of rough brushwood instead of a ____6___ bed. Every night before eating, he would taste a bitter gall to ___7____himself of his failure. He also worked closely with his people: He helped farmers produce more food, trained soldiers____8___, and lived simply to save resources. After ten years of hard work, Yue became ___9____ enough. In 482 BC, Gou Jian led his army to attack Wu and won. This story later became a famous ___10_____, teaching people that with strong will, patience, and hard work, one can overcome great hardships and achieve their goals. 1. A. harm B. damage C. gain D. failure 2. A. workmate B. adviser C. servant D. soldier 3. A. looking up B. taking after C. taking up D. looking after 4. A. forced B. ordered C. allowed D. expected 5. A. anger B. feeling C. suffering D. happiness 6. A. smooth B. comfortable C. strange D. peaceful 7. A. respond B. reply C. remain D. remind 8. A. politely B. roughly C. painfully D. strictly 9. A. rich B. strong C. hopeful D. helpful 10. A. idiom B. saying C. judge D. meaning 【答案】ACDCC BDDBA 【解析】文章讲述“卧薪尝胆”的来历。春秋时期越王勾践战败后忍辱负重，卧薪尝胆十年，最终带领越国打败吴国的故事，彰显毅力与努力的价值。 1. A . 句意：为让百姓免受更多伤害，勾践做出痛苦决定：向吴王夫差屈服。A. harm 伤害（泛指身心、利益等损害）；B. damage 损害（侧重物品损坏）；C. gain 获得；D. failure 失败。此处指百姓免受战争带来的伤害，“harm” 符合语境，故选 A。 2. C. 句意：他向吴王夫差屈服，去吴国当仆人。A. workmate 同事；B. adviser 顾问；C. servant 仆人；D. soldier 士兵。后文提到他做喂马、打扫等卑微工作，可知身份是 “仆人”，故选 C。 3. D句意：他做喂马、打扫宫殿等卑微工作，甚至在吴王生病时照顾他。A. looking up 查阅、抬头；B. taking after 长得像；C. taking up 占据、开始学习；D. looking after 照顾。“国王生病” 时需 “照顾”，故选 D。 4. C . 句意：夫差被他的顺从蒙蔽，最终允许勾践在公元前 491 年返回越国。A. forced 强迫；B. ordered 命令；C. allowed 允许；D. expected 期待。结合语境，夫差相信勾践已屈服，才 “允许” 他回国，故选 C。 5. C . 句意：为永远不忘在吴国遭受的苦难，他睡在粗糙的柴草上而非舒适的床上。A. anger 愤怒；B. feeling 感觉；C. suffering 苦难；D. happiness 幸福。前文提及勾践在吴国忍辱做卑微工作，此处指这段 “苦难” 经历，故选 C。 6. B.句意：为永远不忘在吴国遭受的苦难，他睡在粗糙的柴草上而非舒适的床上。A. smooth 光滑的；B. comfortable 舒适的；C. strange 奇怪的；D. peaceful 和平的。“粗糙的柴草” 与 “舒适的床” 形成对比，故选 B 7. D句意：每晚吃饭前，他都会尝一口苦胆，以提醒自己曾经的失败。A. respond 回应；B. reply 回答；C. remain 保持；D. remind 提醒。“尝苦胆” 是为了 “提醒” 自己不忘失败，“remind sb. of sth.” 为固定搭配，故选 D。 8. D句意：他帮助农民生产更多粮食，严格训练士兵，过着简朴的生活以节省资源。A. politely 礼貌地；B. roughly 粗略地；C. painfully 痛苦地；D. strictly 严格地。要让越国变强，需 “严格” 训练士兵，故选 D。 9. B . 句意：经过十年努力，越国变得足够强大。A. rich 富有的；B. strong 强大的；C. hopeful 有希望的；D. helpful 有帮助的。后文提到越国打败吴国，可知越国变得 “强大”，故选 B。 10. A . 句意：这个故事后来成为著名的成语，告诉人们只要有坚定的意志、耐心和努力，就能克服巨大困难，实现目标。A. idiom 成语；B. saying 谚语；C. judge 法官；D. meaning 意思。“卧薪尝胆” 是中国传统 “成语”，故选 A。 Passage 4 The Story of “Dongshan Zaiqi”（东山再起） The Chinese idiom “Dongshan Zaiqi” comes from a famous story in Chinese history. It means to rise again after failure or setback（挫折）, and its origin is related to Xie An, a remarkable figure in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317 - 420 AD). Xie An was_____1____talented. However, he didn't like the life of being an official. So, he chose to live in seclusion（隐居） on Dongshan Mountain in Kuaiji, Zhejiang. There, he ____2_____beautiful scenery with his friends, wrote excellent poems, and____3_____became well-known. Despite(尽管) many invitations from the royal court, Xie An____4____ to serve as an official. But when he was over forty, things changed. At that time, the kingdom was in great danger—the Battle of Fei River against the ____5_____Former Qin army. The emperor ___6_____ Xie An to return and lead the defense. Xie An finally agreed to come back to politics. After____7_____, Xie An led the Jin army to win a famous battle against the much larger former Qin army. Because he once lived in seclusion on Dongshan Mountain and then made a comeback, people began to use “Dongshan Zaiqi” to___8_____ someone who regains power or success after a setback. Today, this phrase ____9____ people to keep trying even after setbacks. Like Xie An, it reminds us that talent and courage can ___10_____success again, no matter how difficult the situation. Just as the English saying goes, "It’s never too late to try again"—and Xie An’s story proves it! 1. A. normally B. nearly C. uniquely D. extremely 2. A. enjoyed B. found C. spread D. attempted 3. A. eventually B. gradually C. suddenly D. specially 4. A. accepted B. agreed C. refused D. followed 5. A. helpful B. energetic C. peaceful D. powerful 6. A. ordered B. forced C. begged D. commanded 7. A. fighting B. surviving C. leaving D. returning 8. A. pain B. describe C. tell D. invite 9. A. interests B. increases C. instructs D. inspires 10. A. lead to B. lead in C. come from D. play a role in 【答案】DABCD CDBDA 【解析】“东山再起” 源于东晋谢安，他曾隐居，后应皇帝请求出山，取胜后此成语用来形容挫折后再成功。 1. D句意：谢安极其有才华。A. normally：通常地，正常地。B. nearly：几乎，差不多。C. uniquely：独特地。 D. extremely：极其，非常。根据下文描述谢安的成就可知，这里是强调他非常有才华，用 “extremely” 更能突出他才华的程度，其他选项不符合语境。所以选 D。 2.A句意：在那里，他和朋友们欣赏美丽的风景，写出优秀的诗歌。 A. enjoyed：欣赏，享受。 B. found：找到，发现。 C. spread：传播。 D. attempted：尝试。 “enjoy the scenery” 是固定搭配，表示 “欣赏风景”，这里表达谢安在隐居时和朋友欣赏美景，只有 “enjoyed” 符合语境。所以选 A。 3.B句意：在那里，他和朋友们欣赏美丽的风景，写出优秀的诗歌，并且逐渐变得很有名。 A. eventually：最终。 B. gradually：逐渐地。 C. suddenly：突然地。 D. specially：特别地。 谢安通过在隐居时的活动慢慢积累名气，“gradually” 表示随着时间推移逐渐发生，符合谢安名气增长的过程，而 “eventually” 强调结果，“suddenly” 不符合这种慢慢积累的情况，“specially” 意思不符。所以选 B。 4. C句意：尽管朝廷多次邀请，谢安拒绝去做官。 A. accepted：接受。B. agreed：同意。C. refused：拒绝。D. followed：跟随。 上文提到谢安不喜欢做官，选择隐居，所以这里对于朝廷的邀请他应该是拒绝的，“refused” 符合语境，其他选项意思与原文不符。所以选 C。 5.D句意：当时，国家处于巨大的危险中 —— 与强大的前秦军队进行的淝水之战。 A. helpful：有帮助的。B. energetic：精力充沛的。C. peaceful：和平的。D. powerful：强大的。 从 “the kingdom was in great danger” 可知前秦军队很强大才会让东晋处于危险中，“powerful” 表示强大的，符合语境，其他选项不能体现出前秦军队对东晋造成的威胁程度。所以选 D。 6.C句意：皇帝请求谢安回来领导防御。 A. ordered：命令。 B. forced：强迫。 C. begged：请求。 D. commanded：命令。 谢安之前多次拒绝做官，且皇帝面临危险情况，此时应该是请求谢安出山，而不是命令或强迫，“begged” 更能体现皇帝的急切和无奈，所以选 C。 7.D句意：回来之后，谢安带领晋军在一场著名的战役中击败了规模大得多的前秦军队。 A. fighting：战斗。B. surviving：幸存。C. leaving：离开。D. returning：返回。 上文提到皇帝请求谢安回来，这里说谢安带领晋军作战，所以是 “回来之后”，“returning” 符合语境，其他选项与原文逻辑不符。所以选 D。 8. B句意：因为他曾经在东山隐居然后又复出，人们开始用 “东山再起” 来描述那些在挫折后重新获得权力或成功的人。 A. paint：绘画。B. describe：描述。 C. tell：告诉。 D. invite：邀请。 “用‘东山再起’来描述…… 的人”，“describe” 有描述的意思，符合语境，其他选项意思不符合。所以选 B。 9. D句意：今天，这个短语激励人们即使在挫折后也要不断尝试。 A. interests：使感兴趣。B. increases：增加。C. instructs：指导，指示。D. inspires：激励，鼓舞。 根据 “keep trying even after setbacks” 可知，“东山再起” 这个短语对人们起到激励的作用，“inspires” 符合语境，其他选项意思不符。所以选 D。 10.A句意：就像谢安一样，它提醒我们，无论情况多么困难，才华和勇气都能再次带来成功。 A. lead to：导致，带来。B. lead in：引入。C. come from：来自。D. play a role in：在…… 中起作用。 “才华和勇气” 会带来 “成功”，“lead to” 有导致、带来的意思，符合语境，“lead in” 侧重于引入话题等，“come from” 表示来源，“play a role in” 强调在某个方面起作用，都不符合这里的逻辑。所以选 A。 Passage 5 The Story Behind "Luan Qi Ba Zao" (乱七八糟) – A Chinese Idiom for Chaos In Chinese culture, the idiom "Luan Qi Ba Zao" is used to describe a situation that is completely messy or chaotic. Its meaning comes from two important historical ____1____in ancient China. During the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC – 9 AD), Emperor Jingdi wanted to make the princes less powerful. This made seven princes very____2_____. In 154 BC, they joined together to _____3____ the emperor. Their rebellion caused years of war, destroyed many cities, and left people’s lives in chaos. Although the emperor ____4____ won, the damage was huge. People later called this event "Luan Qi" (Chaotic Seven). Later, in the Jin Dynasty (266 – 420 AD), eight princes started fighting each other for power. This "Eight Princes’ Rebellion" _____5___ from 291 to 306 AD. The war burned villages, killed thousands of people, and made society fall apart. The word "Ba Zao" (Eight Troubles) became a____6____ of long-lasting chaos. As time passed, people combined these two stories to ____7_____ "Luan Qi Ba Zao." They used it to talk about any situation that was as messy as these ancient wars. Today, we still use this phrase in daily life. For example: "My desk is a luan qi ba zao after studying all night!" This idiom shows how history can ____8______language. By learning about "Luan Qi Ba Zao", we not only understand a phrase but also remember the lessons from the past: fighting and chaos always bring suffering. For our junior students, learning idioms like "Luan Qi Ba Zao" is like opening a door to China's rich history. When we understand their origins, we can discover more about history, appreciate our culture better, and ____9____ our language skills. In this way, idioms are like ____10____ between the past and the present. They help us feel proud of our cultural heritage while making learning interesting! 1. A. matters B. accident C. events D. activities 2. A. bored B. angry C. frightened D. embarrassed 3. A. fight for B. fight against C. protect from D. struggle against 4. A. eventually B. accidentally C. frequently D. suddenly 5. A. happened B. spread C. enlarged D. lasted 6. A. symbol B. review C. mark D. sign 7. A. invent B. discover C. create D. build 8. A. change B. choose C. decide D. influence 9. A. replace B. improve C. deepen D. renew 10. A. ways B. methods C. bridges D. paths 【答案】CBBAD ACDBC 【解析】 文章介绍 “乱七八糟” 源于七国之乱和八王之乱，体现历史对语言影响，强调其文化学习价值。 1.C句意：它（“乱七八糟” 这个成语）的含义来自于中国古代的两个重要历史____。 matter” 意为 “事情，问题”，通常指一般的事务；“accident” 意为 “事故”，强调意外发生的事情；“event” 意为 “事件”，常指重大的、有影响力的历史事件；“activity” 意为 “活动”。根据下文提到的西汉的七国之乱和晋朝的八王之乱，可知这里指的是重要的历史事件，所以用 “events”。 2.B 句意：在西汉时期（公元前 202 年到公元 9 年），汉景帝想要削弱诸侯的权力。这使得七个诸侯非常_______。“bored” 意为 “无聊的”；“angry” 意为 “生气的”；“frightened” 意为 “害怕的”；“embarrassed” 意为 “尴尬的”。皇帝想要削弱诸侯的权力，这让诸侯们很生气，所以用 “angry”。 3. B. 句意：在公元前 154 年，他们联合起来____皇帝。 “fight for” 意为 “为…… 而战”；“fight against” 意为 “与…… 作战，反对”；“protect from” 意为 “保护…… 免受”；“struggle against” 意为 “与…… 作斗争”，更强调艰难地抗争。诸侯们联合起来反对皇帝，用 “fight against” 更合适，“struggle against” 在此处语义过重。 4.A 句意：尽管皇帝_____ 赢得了（战争），但损失是巨大的。“eventually” 意为 “最终”；“accidentally” 意为 “意外地”；“frequently” 意为 “频繁地”；“suddenly” 意为 “突然地”。虽然战争造成了巨大的破坏，但皇帝最终还是赢得了胜利，所以用 “eventually”。 5. D句意：这场 “八王之乱”_____从公元 291 年到公元 306 年。“happened” 意为 “发生”；“spread” 意为 “传播，蔓延”；“enlarged” 意为 “扩大”；“lasted” 意为 “持续”。八王之乱从 291 年持续到 306 年，强调时间的持续，所以用 “lasted”。 6. A 句意：“八糟”（八王之乱）这个词成为了长期混乱的一个_____。“symbol” 意为 “象征”；“review” 意为 “回顾，复习”；“mark” 意为 “标记”；“sign” 意为 “迹象，标志”。“八王之乱” 成为了长期混乱的一种象征，“symbol” 更符合语境，强调具有代表性的句意。 7. C句意：随着时间的推移，人们把这两个故事结合起来_____ “乱七八糟”（这个成语）。“invent” 意为 “发明”，通常指发明实物或创造新的技术等；“discover” 意为 “发现”，指发现原本存在但未被人知晓的事物；“create” 意为 “创造，创作”，这里指人们将两个故事结合创造出了 “乱七八糟” 这个成语，强调从无到有的创造；“build” 意为 “建造”，主要指建造建筑物等实体。所以用 “create”。 8. D句意：这个成语展示了历史是如何____ 语言的。“change” 意为 “改变”；“choose” 意为 “选择”；“decide” 意为 “决定”；“influence” 意为 “影响”。这个成语展示了历史是如何影响语言的，历史事件影响了语言中成语的形成，所以用 “influence”。 9. B 句意：当我们了解它们（成语）的起源时，我们可以更多地了解历史，更好地欣赏我们的文化，并且______ 我们的语言技能。“replace” 意为 “取代”；“improve” 意为 “提高，改善”；“deepen” 意为 “加深”；“renew” 意为 “更新”。学习成语可以提高我们的语言技能，“improve skills” 是常见搭配，所以用 “improve”。 10. C 句意：这样一来，成语就像是过去和现在之间的____10____。“way” 意为 “方式，方法，道路”；“method” 意为 “方法”；“bridge” 意为 “桥梁”；“path” 意为 “小路，路径”。成语就像连接过去和现在的桥梁，“bridge between...and...” 表示 “在…… 和…… 之间的桥梁”，形象地说明了成语的作用，所以用 “bridges”。 Passage 6 In the Song Dynasty (960 - 1279), there was an official named Zhang Guaiya. He worked in Chongyang county, which is in today’s Hubei. Back then, stealing was a ____1___ problem. Even the money in the county's vault was often ____2_____.​ One day, while Zhang was walking around the yamen (the government office), he saw a low - ranking official running out of the vault in a rush. Questions ____3____ filled Zhang's mind. He stepped forward and firmly stopped the official and asked, “Why are you so rushed?” The official just said, “No reason.” But Zhang remembered the stolen things from the vault. So, he told the guards to ___4______the official carefully. Soon, they found a copper coin in the official's headband.​ Zhang asked him if he had stolen more. The official refused to ___5_____ stealing anything else. Zhang got angry and told the guards to beat him. The official didn't ___6_____ and shouted, “It's just one copper coin. You can't kill me for this!”​ Zhang was really ____7______. He took a red pen and wrote, “If you steal one coin a day, after a thousand days, you'll have a thousand coins. Constant dripping wears away a stone.” This old saying means small things can make a big ____8_____. It ____9____ us not to do small bad things and to keep working hard. Just like learning a language, there's no easy way. We must keep learning new words, reading, and writing. We may not see progress ___10______, but if we keep at it for months or years, we will succeed.​ 1.A. normal B. common C. public D. secret 2.A.robbed B. borrowed C. stolen D. moved 3.A. immediately B. eventually C. accidentally D. suddenly 4.A.catch B. beat C. search D. arrest 5.A.avoid B. advise C. apologize D. admit 6.A.give up B. give in C. give away D. give off 7.A. surprised B. mad C. bored D. embarrassed 8.A.dicision B. determination C. solution D. difference 9.A.remains B. reminds C. retreats D. remarks 10.A. quietly B. carefully C. greatly D. quickly 【答案】BCACD BBDBD 【解析】文章讲述宋朝张乖崖在崇阳任职时，发现库吏偷钱，库吏不服，张以古训表明小事影响大，借此呼吁坚持努力、勿为小恶。 1.B 在宋朝（960 - 1279），有一位名叫张乖崖的官员。他在崇阳（今湖北）任职。当时，盗窃是一个____问题。A. normal “正常的，一般的”，强调符合常规、标准。B. common “常见的，普遍的”，侧重于经常发生或普遍存在。 C. public “公共的，公众的”，主要指与公众相关的。D. secret “秘密的”。 这里说盗窃是一个普遍存在的问题，B 选项 “common” 更符合语境，即当时盗窃是常见现象。 2.C甚至连县库里的钱也经常被____。 A. robbed “抢劫”，通常指使用暴力手段抢夺财物。B. borrowed “借”，有经过同意的借贷之意。 C. stolen “偷”，未经允许拿走他人财物。D. moved “移动”。结合前文提到盗窃是常见问题，这里说县库的钱应该是经常被偷，C 选项 “stolen” 符合文意。 3.A一天，当张在衙门（政府办公室）周围散步时，他看到一个低级官员匆忙从库房跑出来。问题____充满了张的脑海。 A. immediately “立即，马上”，强调时间上的迅速。B. eventually “最终，最后”，表示经过一段时间或一系列事件后C. accidentally “偶然地，意外地”。D. suddenly “突然地”，侧重于事发突然，出人意料。 看到官员匆忙从库房跑出，他马上产生疑问，A 选项 “immediately” 更能体现这种时间上的迅速反应。 4.C所以，他让守卫仔细地____这个官员。 A. catch “抓住”，强调抓捕动作。B. beat “打，打败”。C. search “搜查”，有仔细检查以寻找东西之意。 D. arrest “逮捕”，通常指依法逮捕。他怀疑官员偷东西，让守卫搜查以找到证据，C 选项 “search” 符合语境。 5.D张问他是否还偷了更多。这位官员拒绝____偷了其他东西。 A. avoid “避免”。B. advise “建议”。C. apologize “道歉”。D. admit “承认”。 这里表达官员拒绝承认偷了其他东西，D 选项 “admit” 符合语义。 6.B这位官员没有____，并喊道：“就一枚铜钱。你不能因为这个杀了我！” A. give up “放弃”，通常指放弃做某事B. give in “屈服，让步”，在这里表示官员不因为张的处罚而屈服。 C. give away “赠送，泄露”。D. give off “发出（光、热等）”。根据官员的喊话可知他没有屈服，B 选项 “give in” 符合。 7.B张真的____。 A. surprised “惊讶的”。B. mad “生气的，发疯的”，这里表示张因为官员的态度而非常生气。 C. bored “无聊的”。D. embarrassed “尴尬的”。前文提到张生气让守卫打官员，这里进一步说明他真的很生气，B 选项 “mad” 合适。 8.D这句古老的谚语意思是小事情能产生大____。 A. decision “决定”。 B. determination “决心”。C. solution “解决办法”。D. difference “不同，差异”，make a big difference 是固定短语，意为 “产生很大影响”。这里说小事情能有大影响，D 选项 “difference” 符合短语搭配和语境。 9.B它____我们不要做小坏事，要坚持努力。 A. remains “保持，留下”。B. reminds “提醒”，remind sb. not to do sth. 意为 “提醒某人不要做某事”。 C. retreats “撤退”。D. remarks “评论”。这里是说谚语提醒我们，B 选项 “reminds” 符合搭配和语义。 10.D我们可能不会____看到进步，但如果我们坚持几个月或几年，我们就会成功。 A. quietly “安静地”。B. carefully “仔细地”。C. greatly “很大程度地”。D. quickly “快速地”。 结合后文坚持几个月或几年才会成功，可知这里说不会很快看到进步，D 选项 “quickly” 符合语境。 Passage 7 Respecting teachers has always been a tradition in China. Yang Shi was a philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty. One day, he and his schoolmates had different ideas on a question. To get a ____1____ answer, he went to visit Cheng Yi, the famous philosopher. At Cheng’s house, however, the guarding kid told him that Mr. Cheng was meditating (冥想) in his ____2____ and asked him to go back. Yang ____3____ to leave, so the kid left him alone and went in. After a while, it began to snow ___4___. The little boy came out again and reminded Yang that Mr. Cheng might spend the whole afternoon meditating. He invited Yang to warm himself in the house to ____5____ the wind and snow. But Yang kept standing in the snow and waiting outside in order that he could ask Cheng’s ____6____ on the question. As soon as Cheng finished meditating, the boy reported that Yang was waiting outside. When Cheng ____7____ this, he came out to see Yang. When the door was opened, everyone was ___8____. The snow was more than a foot deep, but Yang stood still, without ___9___ his feet. “Young man, why are you so silly? You could have come again someday!” Cheng took Yang to the room at once. Cheng was very happy and accepted Yang as his student because of Yang’s politeness and efforts. He told Yang all his philosophical thoughts. That made a big ___10___ to Yang’s life. Later, Yang really learned a lot and made great contributions (贡献) to his country. 1. A. simple B. correct C. long D. popular 2. A. farm B. car C. hotel D. room 3. A. hoped B. decided C. refused D. wanted 4. A. heavily B. early C. deeply D. carefully 5. A. find B. avoid C. catch D. hide 6. A. method B. rule C. record D. opinion 7. A. heard B. achieved C. forgot D. received 8. A. excited B. relaxed C. shocked D. bored 9. A. smelling B. washing C. cutting D. moving 10. A. difference B. choice C. decision D. plan 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述北宋哲学家杨时拜访另一位伟大的哲学家程颐的故事。 1.句意：为了得到一个正确的答案，他去拜访了伟大的哲学家程颐。 simple简单的；correct正确的；long长的；popular流行的。根据上文“One day, he and his schoolmates had different ideas on a question”可知，他是想得到一个正确的答案，故选B。 2.句意：然而，到程颐家时，门童告知程先生正在他房间里冥想并让他回去。 farm农村；car车；hotel宾馆；room房间。由“At Cheng’s house”可知，程颐是在房间里冥想，故选D。 3.句意：杨时拒绝离开，因此门童留下他一个人并进了屋。 hoped希望；decided决定；refused拒绝；wanted想。由“the kid left him alone”以及第二段第四句“Yang kept standing in the snow and waiting outside”可知，杨时拒绝进屋并一直站在门外，故选C。 4.句意：过了一会儿，外面下起了大雪 heavily大量地；early早地；deeply深地；carefully小心地。根据第三段第四句“The snow was more than a foot deep”可知，雪下得很大，而heavily有“大量地”意思，故选A。 5.句意：他邀请杨时进屋暖暖身，躲避一下风雪。 find找到；avoid躲避；catch抓；hide藏。根据上下文，外面下起了大雪，因此门童邀请杨时进屋躲避风雪，故选B。 6.句意：但是杨时坚持在门外大雪中等候以便能咨询程颐就这个问题的看法。 method方法；rule规则；record记录；opinion观点。根据第一段“One day, he and his schoolmates had different ideas on a question”可知，他是来求问程颐的看法，故选D。 7.句意：当程颐得知后，他出门去见了杨时。 heard听闻；achieved获得成就；forgot忘记；received收到。根据上文“As soon as Cheng finished meditating, the boy reported that Yang was waiting outside”可知，程颐是知晓了杨时还在门外等候，故选A。 8.句意：当门打开后，大家都惊讶了。 excited激动的；relaxed放松的；shocked惊讶的；bored无聊的。根据下文“The snow was more than a foot deep, but Yang stood still”可知，大家是被杨时站在厚厚的雪地里的情景惊讶到了，故选C。 9.句意：大雪一英尺深，但是杨时一直站在雪地里，连一个脚印都没有。 smelling闻；washing洗；cutting剪切；moving移动。根据上文“but Yang stood still”可知，杨时站在雪地里一动不动，故选D。 10.句意：那给杨时的人生带来了巨大的改变。 difference变化；choice选择；decision决定；plan计划。根据下文“Later, Yang really learned a lot and made great contributions (贡献) to his country”可知，杨时后续的成就有一部分原因是因为程颐的思想对他人生的影响，故选A。 Passage 8 The Story of Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage A long time ago in China, there was a wise man named Zhuge Liang. He lived in a small thatched cottage(茅庐)in the mountains. He was very ___1______ and knew a lot about how to win wars. Liu Bei was a brave man who wanted to make the country better. He ____2____ Zhuge Liang and wanted him to help. So, Liu Bei went to the ___3_____to find Zhuge Liang. But when he got there, Zhuge Liang was not at home. He was out reading books or thinking about important things. Liu Bei was sad, but he didn't give up. After a few days, Liu Bei went to the thatched cottage again. This time, Zhuge Liang was ____4____. Liu Bei waited ____5_____ outside. He didn't want to wake up Zhuge Liang because he knew Zhuge Liang needed rest to think clearly. But when Zhuge Liang woke up, he still didn't want to help Liu Bei. He thought Liu Bei was just an ordinary man，He didn’t quite ___6_____ him. Liu Bei was very ____7_____ but he still didn't lose hope. He waited for a few more days and went to the thatched cottage for the third time. This time, Zhuge Liang was at home and they talked for a long time. Liu Bei told Zhuge Liang about his ____8_____ and how he wanted to make the people happy. Zhuge Liang was moved by Liu Bei's sincerity and _____9____. He finally agreed to help Liu Bei. With Zhuge Liang's help, Liu Bei became stronger and stronger. They worked together and did many great things. The story of the three visits to the thatched cottage tells us that if we are sincere and never give up, we can ___10_____our goals and find the help we need. 1. A. caring B. understanding C. patient D. smart 2. A. heard from B. learnt about C. heard about D. learnt from 3. A. grounds B. mountain C. rivers D. lands 4. A. working B. writing C. sleeping D. cooking 5. A. quietly B. carefully C. politely D. worriedly 6. A. recognize B. respect C. admire D. understand 7. A. interested B. disappointed C. surprised D. shocked 8. A. programmes B. projects C. feelings D. dreams 9. A. decision B. solution C. determination D. fearlessness 10. A. find B. achieve C. encourage D. increase 【答案】DCBCA　DBDCB　　 【解析】这篇文章讲述了三顾茅庐的故事。 1.D 句意：他非常聪明并且知道很多赢得战争的方法。“caring” 是 “关心他人的”，“understanding” 是 “善解人意的”，“patient” 是 “有耐心的”，“smart” 是 “聪明的”。根据 “He was very...and knew a lot about how to win wars.” 可知，这里说他很聪明并且知道很多赢得战争的方法，所以选 D。 2.C 句意：刘备听说了诸葛亮并且想要他帮忙“heard from” 是 “收到某人来信”，“learnt about” 是 “了解到”，“heard about” 是 “听说”，“learnt from” 是 “向某人学习”。这里说刘备听说诸葛亮并且想让他帮忙，所以选 C。 3. B句意：所以，刘备去山里找诸葛亮。“grounds” 是 “场地”，“mountain” 是 “山”，“rivers” 是 “河流”，“lands” 是 “陆地”。根据 “He lived in a small thatched cottage (茅庐) in the mountains.” 可知诸葛亮住在山里，所以刘备去山里找他，选 B。 4. C 句意：这次，诸葛亮正在睡觉。“working” 是 “工作”，“writing” 是 “写作”，“sleeping” 是 “睡觉”，“cooking” 是 “做饭”。根据 “Liu Bei waited...outside. He didn't want to wake up Zhuge Liang” 可知诸葛亮在睡觉，所以选 C。 5. A 句意：刘备安静地在外面等待。“quietly” 是 “安静地”，“carefully” 是 “仔细地”，“politely” 是 “礼貌地”，“worriedly” 是 “担忧地”。这里说刘备安静地等待，不想吵醒诸葛亮，所以选 A。 6.D 句意：他不太相信刘备。recognize” 是 “认出”，“respect” 是 “尊重”，“admire” 是 “钦佩”，“trust” 是 “相信”。根据 “He thought Liu Bei was just an ordinary man” 可知诸葛亮不太相信刘备，所以选 D。 7.B句意：刘备非常失望但是他仍然没有失去希望。“interested” 是 “感兴趣的”，“disappointed” 是 “失望的”，“surprised” 是 “惊讶的”，“shocked” 是 “震惊的”。这里说刘备很失望但是没有失去希望，所以选 B。 8.D 句意：刘备告诉诸葛亮他的梦想以及他想如何让人民幸福。“programmes” 是 “节目；计划”，“projects” 是 “项目”，“feelings” 是 “感情”，“dreams” 是 “梦想”。根据 “and how he wanted to make the people happy” 可知刘备告诉诸葛亮他的梦想，所以选 D。 9. C句意：诸葛亮被刘备的真诚和决心所打动。“decision” 是 “决定”，“solution” 是 “解决方案”，“determination” 是 “决心”，“fearlessness” 是 “无畏”。这里说诸葛亮被刘备的真诚和决心所打动，所以选 C。 10. B如果我们真诚并且永不放弃，我们就能实现我们的目标并且找到我们需要的帮助。“find” 是 “找到”，“achieve” 是 “实现”，“encourage” 是 “鼓励”，“increase” 是 “增加”。这里说如果我们真诚并且永不放弃，我们就能实现目标，所以选 B。 Passage 9 Lian Po and Lin Xiangru were two important people in the State of Zhao. Lian was a brave general, and Lin was an excellent advisor. Lian was famous for winning battles (战役) and making his 1 scared. He once led the Zhao army to victory against the State of Qi. Everyone 2 him for his bravery. Lin, on the other hand, was clever and knew how to use words to solve problems. He once saved the Heshibi for the King of Zhao and became a trusted advisor. But there was a problem. Lian felt worried after Lin got a 3 position than him. He thought he should be given greater honor because of his achievements on the battlefield, while Lin achieved success just through his skills in speaking and debating (辩论). Sometimes, Lian even spoke ill of Lin behind his back. Lin didn’t want any trouble, so he 4 meeting Lian. He didn’t want to argue or fight. Lian thought he was winning because it 5 that Lin was scared of him. Lin’s friends, however, were 6 about this. They thought Lin was too kind and weak. But Lin explained that he didn’t have 7 to fight Lian because it would harm their country. He believed that if they 8 together, the State of Zhao would become powerful. When Lian heard this, he felt ashamed. He realized he was being foolish and also caused trouble for their country. So he said sorry to Lin, and they became good friends. They worked together to serve the State of Zhao and 9 personal problems. Lian and Lin showed us that even if we have differences, we can still put aside our pride and 10 great things when we pay full attention to what’s best for the greater good as friends. 1. A. friends B. kids C. parents D. enemies 2. A. admired B. interviewed C. noticed D. understood 3. A. higher B. lower C. larger D. smaller 4. A. avoided B. continued C. remembered D. started 5. A. found B. appeared C. mentioned D. reported 6. A. quiet B. surprised C. excited D. upset 7. A. plans B. powers C. reasons D. places 8. A. mixed B. pulled C. got D. lived 9. A. helped with B. dealt with C. forgot about D. cared for 10. A. achieve B. prevent C. miss D. accept 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. A 【解析】本文讲述了赵国的两位重要人物廉颇和蔺相如的故事。廉颇是一位勇猛的将军，而蔺相如是一位聪明的顾问。他们最初因为地位问题产生了矛盾，但最终廉颇意识到自己的错误，两人和解并共同为赵国服务，展现了团结一致为国家利益着想的精神。 1. 句意：廉颇通过赢得战役使他的敌人感到害怕。 friends朋友；kids孩子们；parents父母；enemies敌人。根据“Lian was famous for winning battles and making his ... scared”，可知他打赢战争是使得敌人害怕，故选D。 2. 句意：每个人都因廉颇的勇敢而钦佩他。 admired钦佩；interviewed采访；noticed注意到；understood理解。admire sb for sth 因为某事而钦佩某人，这里是指钦佩他的勇敢，故选A。 3. 句意：廉颇在蔺相如得到比他更高的位置后感到担忧。 higher更高的；lower更低的；larger更大的；smaller更小的。根据“Lian felt worried ”可知，蔺相如得到了比廉颇更高的职位才让廉颇担忧，higher position 固定搭配，故选A。 4. 句意：蔺相如不想引起任何麻烦，所以他避免与廉颇见面。 avoided避免；continued继续；remembered记得；started开始。根据“Lin didn’t want any trouble,”可知，不想引起麻烦的方式是避免见面，故选A。 5. 句意：廉颇认为他赢了，因为似乎蔺相如害怕他。 found发现；appeared似乎；mentioned提到；reported报告。it appeared表示不确定情况，“似乎，好像”，故选B。 6. 句意：蔺相如的朋友们对此感到不高兴。 quiet安静的；surprised惊讶的；excited兴奋的；upset不高兴的。根据“They thought Lin was too kind and weak.”可知，蔺相如的朋友们认为他太善良太软弱，对此感到不高兴，故选D。 7. 句意：但蔺相如解释说他没有理由与廉颇争斗，因为这会损害他们的国家。 plans计划；powers力量；reasons理由；places地方。根据“But Lin explained that he didn’t have ... to fight Lian because it would harm their country”，可知蔺相如解释了不去和廉颇争斗的“理由”，他顾全大局，不想损坏国家利益，故选C。 8. 句意：他相信如果他们一起工作，赵国就会变得强大。 mixed混合；pulled拉；got得到；lived生活。pull together 表示“齐心协力”，根据“the State of Zhao would become powerful.”可知，只有两位臣子齐心协力才会使得国家强大，故选B。 9. 句意：他们共同努力为赵国服务，忘记了个人问题。 helped with帮助；dealt with处理；forgot about忘记；cared for关心。根据“They worked together to serve the State of Zhao and ...”可知，廉颇和蔺相如为了国家利益，放下个人恩怨。forgot about personal problems 忘记个人问题，故选C。 10 句意：廉颇和蔺相如向我们展示即使我们有分歧，我们仍然可以放下骄傲并实现伟大的事情。 achieve实现；prevent阻止；miss错过；accept接受。achieve great things 实现伟大事情，故选A。 Passage 10 During the Western Jin Dynasty, there was a man named Zhou Chu. He was taller and 1 than any other man in the village. However, he was impolite and rude. People 2 him because he often hit villagers. At the time, there was a man-eating tiger and a deep water monster (怪物) living nearby. They often caused 3 for the village. People called them two, along with Zhou, the “three evils” (害). One day, some villagers asked Zhou to help them kill the tiger and the monster. Zhou agreed. After three days of fighting, Zhou 4 killed them. But the villagers thought he was dead during the fight. Before Zhou came back, they celebrated his 5 . After seeing this, Zhou realized how much he was hated and decided to make a 6 . He visited a famous man named Lu Yun. Lu told him, “ 7 one realizes what is good in the morning, he can change his behavior in the evening. Just do what you think is 8 .” From then on, Zhou Chu 9 hitting other people and became a good person. In fact, it’s not easy for us to know our own mistakes, even when they are clear to others. It was good that Zhou was able to make changes. We all make mistakes. But it’s never too late to 10 them. All you need is the courage to accept your mistakes and make an effort to correct them. 1. A. older B. stronger C. richer D. prettier 2. A. feared B. supported C. loved D. missed 3. A. joy B. doubt C. peace D. trouble 4. A. easily B. happily C. finally D. exactly 5. A. death B. success C. wisdom D. return 6. A. speech B. change C. wish D. house 7. A. Until B. Unless C. If D. So 8. A. right B. useless C. rude D. true 9. A. continued B. enjoyed C. admitted D. stopped 10. A. break B. keep C. correct D. believe 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C 【解析】本文主要通过周处改正错误的故事，告诉我们纠正错误永远不会太迟，对那些有时犯错的人也应该更加宽容。 1. 句意：他比村里任何一个人都高又壮。 older更老的；stronger更强的；richer更富有的；prettier更漂亮的。根据“because he often hit villagers”可知，他经常打村民，可以推断他又高又壮。故选B。 2. 句意：人们害怕他，因为他经常打村民。 feared害怕；supported支持；loved爱；missed思念。根据“because he often hit villagers”可知，他经常打村民，可以推断人们害怕他。故选A。 3. 句意：它们经常给村子惹麻烦。 joy快乐；doubt怀疑；peace和平；trouble难题。根据“At the time, there was a man-eating tiger and a deep water monster (怪物) living nearby.”可知，当时附近住着一只吃人的老虎和一只深水怪，可以推断它们给村子带来了麻烦。故选D。 4. 句意：经过三天的打斗，周终于杀死了它们。 easily容易地；happily高兴地；finally最终；exactly确切地。根据“After three days of fighting”可知，经过三天才把怪物杀死，可以推断很不容易。故选C。 5. 句意：在周回来之前，他们庆祝了他的死亡。 death死亡；success成功；wisdom智慧；return返回。根据“But the villagers thought he was dead during the fight.”可知，村民们都以为他在打斗中死了，可以推断是庆祝他的死亡。故选A。 6. 句意：看到这后，周意识到他是多么的令人讨厌，决定做出改变。 speech演讲；change改变；wish愿望；house房屋。根据“After seeing this, Zhou realized how much he was hated and decided to make a ...”可知，他意识到自己是多么令人讨厌，决定做出改变。故选B。 7. 句意：如果一个人早上意识到什么是好的，那么他晚上就会改变他的行为。 Until直到；Unless除非；If如果；So所以。根据前后句的关系可知，这是一种假设。故选C。 8. 句意：做你认为正确的事。 right正确的；useless无用的；rude粗鲁的；true真的。根据“From then on, Zhou Chu ... hitting other people and became a good person.”可知，他做了正确的事，故选A。 9. 句意：从那以后，周处不再打人，变成了一个好人。 continued继续；enjoyed享受；admitted承认；stopped停止。根据“became a good person”可知，他变成了一个好人，可以推断他停止打人了。故选D。 10. 句意：但纠正这些错误永远不会太迟。 break打破；keep保持；correct纠正；believe相信。根据“All you need is the courage to accept your mistakes and make an effort to correct them.”可知，纠正错误永远不迟。故选C。 Passage 11 In ancient China, during the Warring States Period, there were many small kingdoms. One day, the state of Wei decided to ___1___ the state of Zhao. Zhao’s capital city, Handan, ____2___ the north, and it was soon surrounded by Wei’s strong army. The king of Zhao was very worried—his soldiers were not enough to fight back, and the city was almost empty of food and supplies. He quickly asked the state of Qi for help.​ The king of Qi sent two smart generals, Sun Bin and Tian Ji, to save Zhao. Instead of leading their army directly to Handan, Sun Bin had a clever___3___. “If we march toward Wei’s capital city, Daliang, which is now weakly guarded, the Wei army will have to leave Zhao to protect their own home,” he said. ____4____, the Qi army quietly ____5____ Daliang. They didn’t make any loud noise, so the Wei soldiers in Handan didn’t know about the plan.​ When the Wei general heard that his own capital was under attack , he was very scared. He____6___ led most of his army back to save Daliang. On their way back, the tired Wei soldiers were suddenly met by the Qi army, who had been ____7__ there secretly there, waiting for them. The Wei army was beaten quickly.​ In the end, the Qi army _____8____ in rescuing Zhao without fighting a big battle in Handan. This clever strategy is called “Surround Wei to Save Zhao” in Chinese history. The people of Zhao were so happy that they held a big party to celebrate their ___9_____. This story tells us that sometimes, using___10____ is more powerful than using force. 1. A. attach B. attribute C. attract D. attack 2. A. was different from B. was made up of C. was famous for D. was located in 3. A. trick B. challenge C. mind D. instruction 4. A. Though B. Anywhere C. However D. Therefore 5. A. went their way to B. made their way to C. on their wany to D. got their wany in 6. A. suddenly B. eventually C. immediately D. especially 7. A. filling B. pretending C. entering D. hiding 8. A. remaining B. managing C. succeeded D. attempting 9. A. victory B. independence C. intelligence D. cooperation 10. A. bravery B. determination C. teamwork D. wisdom 【答案】DDADB CDCAD 【语篇解读】战国时期，魏国攻打赵国并包围赵都邯郸，赵国向齐国求救。齐国将领孙膑献策，不直接救援邯郸，而是率军前往防守薄弱的魏都大梁。魏军得知都城受威胁，立即撤军回援，途中遭埋伏的齐军击败。最终齐国成功解救赵国，这一 “围魏救赵” 的策略，体现了智慧比武力更重要的道理。 1. D 句意：战国时期，魏国决定攻打赵国。A. attach附上、依附；B. attribute 把……归因于；C. attract 吸引；D. attack攻击、攻打。根据后文“it was soon surrounded by Wei’s strong army”（赵国都城很快被魏国大军包围）可知，魏国的行为是“攻打”赵国，故选D。 2. D 句意：赵国的都城邯郸位于北方，很快就被魏国的精锐部队包围了。A. was different from与…… 不同；B. was made up of 由……组成；C. was famous for因…… 闻名；D. was located in位于……。此处描述邯郸的地理位置，“be located in”是表达“位于某地” 的常用搭配，符合语境，故选D。 3. A 句意：孙膑没有直接率军前往邯郸，而是想出了一个巧妙的计策。A. trick计策、计谋；B. challenge挑战；C. mind头脑、想法（侧重抽象的思维）；D. instruction指示、命令。根据后文“Surround Wei to Save Zhao”（围魏救赵）可知，这是一个具体的“计策”，“trick”在此处指巧妙的策略，符合语境，故选A。 4.D.句意：因此，齐国军队悄悄向魏国都城大梁进军。A. Though 虽然（表转折）；B. Anywhere 任何地方（表地点）；C. However 然而（表转折）；D. Therefore 因此（表因果）。前文孙膑提出 “攻打大梁以解邯郸之围” 的计策，后文 “向大梁进军” 是该计策的执行，二者为因果关系，故选 D。 5. B句意：因此，齐国军队悄悄向魏国都城大梁进军。A. went their way to 表述不规范（正确表达为 “make one’s way to”）；B. made their way to 前往、向…… 进发（强调艰难或有目的的行进）；C. on their way to 在去…… 的路上（是介词短语，不能作谓语）；D. got their way in 表述错误（无此固定搭配）。句子缺少谓语动词，且需表达 “向大梁进军” 的含义，“made their way to” 符合语法和语境，故选 B。 6.C句意：当魏国将领得知自己的都城遭到袭击时，他非常害怕，立即率领大部分军队返回救援大梁。A. suddenly 突然；B. eventually 最终；C. immediately 立即、马上；D. especially 尤其。根据 “he was very scared”（他非常害怕）可知，将领应是 “立刻” 率军返回，体现紧急性，故选 C。 A. filling B. pretending C. entering D. hiding 7.D.句意：在返回的路上，疲惫的魏军突然遭遇了一直在那里秘密埋伏的齐军。A. filling 充满；B. pretending 假装；C. entering 进入；D. hiding 隐藏、埋伏。根据 “secretly there, waiting for them”（秘密地在那里等待他们）可知，齐军是 “隐藏” 起来埋伏魏军，故选 D。 8. C句意：最终，齐军没有在邯郸打一场大仗，就成功解救了赵国。A. remaining 保持、剩余（常与介词 “in” 搭配，但 “remain in” 表示 “停留在……”，不符合 “解救赵国” 的语境）；B. managing 设法做到（常与 “to do” 搭配，即 “manage to do”，此处空后是 “in”，语法不符）；C. succeeded 成功（“succeed in doing sth” 是固定搭配，意为 “成功做某事”，符合语境）；D. attempting 尝试（“attempt in doing sth” 表述不规范，常用 “attempt to do sth”）。结合语法和 “成功解救赵国” 的语义，故选 C。 9. A.句意：赵国人非常高兴，举办了一场盛大的宴会来庆祝他们的胜利。A. victory 胜利；B. independence 独立；C. intelligence 智慧；D. cooperation 合作。前文提到 “魏军被打败，赵国被解救”，赵国的最终结果是 “获胜”，因此庆祝的是 “胜利”，故选 A。 10. D. 句意：这个故事告诉我们，有时候，运用智慧比使用武力更有力。A. bravery 勇敢；B. determination 决心；C. teamwork 团队合作；D. wisdom 智慧。“围魏救赵” 是靠计策而非蛮力取胜，体现的是 “智慧”，与 “force”（武力）形成对比，故选 D。 Passage 12 Long long ago, at the end of the Qin Dynasty, there was a big war in China. Two leaders, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, fought for the country. Han Xin was a good general under Liu Bang. He needed to lead soldiers to beat Wei Wangbao, who ___1____Hedong. Wei Wangbao knew the importance of a ferry (渡口) named Puban. He sent many soldiers there to ___2___ it. He also took all the boats away. He thought, "Han Xin must attack Puban. If I hold Puban, I will win!"​ When Han Xin arrived at the west bank of the Yellow River, he saw Wei Wangbao’s ___3___. He didn’t want to fight hard at Puban, so he had an idea—"deceive the east and attack the west".​ First, Han Xin told his soldiers to build a big camp opposite Puban. Every day, the soldiers cut trees and made boats. When Wei Wangbao saw this, he thought he was right, ____4____, he sent more men to Puban.​ But at the same time, Han Xin chose some brave soldiers. He told them to go north along the river___5___. They found a quiet ferry called Xiayang. There were few guards there. At night, they crossed the river and __6____ Wei’s land quietly. Then they made their way to Wei’s capital, Anyi.​ Wei Wangbao was still waiting for Han Xin at Puban. Suddenly, someone told him: "Han Xin’s soldiers are near Anyi!" He was ____7___. He had to send his soldiers from Puban back to save Anyi. But those soldiers were tired. On the way back, Han Xin’s brave men attacked them. They___8____ the tired soldiers easily.​ When Puban had few guards left, Han Xin led his main army to attack Puban. The guards there couldn’t stop them. Han Xin crossed the river and met his brave men near Anyi. Finally, they ___9___ Anyi and captured Wei Wangbao.​ Han Xin succeeded in winning the ___10____. His "deceive the east and attack the west" became a famous military (军事的) trick in Chinese history. 1. A. hid B. controlled C. served D. captured 2. A. guard B. rule C. manage D. deal 3. A. trick B. challenge C. mind D. instruction 4. A. however B. therefore C. besides D. though 5. A. clearly B. happily C. carefully D. secretly 6. A. destroyed B. fought C. entered D. arrived 7. A. upset B. shocked C. frightened D. worried 8. A. beat B. win C. lose D. watch 9. A. took up B. took in C. took over D. took down 10. A. victory B. chance C. challenge D. wisdom 【答案】BAABD CBACA 【解析】这是一个“声东击西”的故事。秦末，韩信为败控制河东的魏王豹，用声东击西计：佯攻蒲坂，暗派士兵秘密渡河入魏，最终攻占安邑、俘魏王豹，赢得胜利。 1.B​句意：韩信是刘邦手下一位优秀的将领，他需要率领士兵打败控制着河东地区的魏王豹。A. hid 隐藏；B. controlled 控制；C. served 服务；D. captured 俘虏。根据 “Wei Wangbao”（魏王豹）和 “Hedong”（河东）的关系可知，魏王豹是 “控制” 河东地区的统治者，故选 B。​ 2.A​句意：魏王豹知道蒲坂渡口的重要性，他派了很多士兵去守卫那里。A. guard 守卫、保卫；B. rule 统治；C. manage 管理；D. deal 处理。根据 “the importance of a ferry”（渡口的重要性）和 “sent many soldiers”（派很多士兵）可知，士兵的任务是 “守卫” 渡口，故选 A。​ 3.A​句意：当韩信到达黄河西岸时，他看穿了魏王豹的计谋。A. trick 计谋、策略；B. challenge 挑战；C. mind 想法、心思；D. instruction 指示、命令。根据后文韩信用 “声东击西” 应对魏王豹的部署可知，魏王豹派重兵守渡口是一种 “计谋”，故选 A。​ 4.B​句意：每天士兵们砍树造船，魏王豹看到这一幕后，认为自己的判断是对的，因此他派了更多人去蒲坂。A. however 然而（表转折）；B. therefore 因此（表因果）；C. besides 此外（表补充）；D. though 虽然（表让步）。“认为自己判断正确” 是 “派更多人去蒲坂” 的原因，存在因果关系，故选 B。​ 5.D​. 句意：但与此同时，韩信挑选了一些勇敢的士兵，他让他们沿着河岸秘密向北行进。A. clearly 清楚地；B. happily 开心地；C. carefully 仔细地；D. secretly 秘密地。根据 “声东击西” 的计谋可知，这支部队需要 “秘密” 行动才能迷惑魏王豹，故选 D。​ 6.C​句意：晚上，他们渡过河，悄悄进入了魏国的领地。A. destroyed 破坏；B. fought 战斗；C. entered 进入；D. arrived 到达（“arrived” 后接地点需加 “at/in”，此处语法不符）。根据 “crossed the river”（渡过河）和 “Wei’s land”（魏国领地）可知，渡过河后应是 “进入” 魏国，故选 C。​ 7.B​句意：他非常震惊，不得不从蒲坂调兵回去解救安邑。A. upset 难过的；B. shocked 震惊的；C. frightened 害怕的；D. worried 担心的。魏王豹原本以为韩信会攻蒲坂，突然得知汉军逼近都城，应是 “震惊” 的反应，故选 B。​ 8.A​句意：在返程路上，韩信的精锐士兵袭击了他们，轻易打败了疲惫的士兵。A. beat 打败（对手）；B. win 赢得（比赛 / 胜利，后接事物）；C. lose 输掉（比赛等）；D. watch 观看。此处宾语是 “the tired soldiers”（疲惫的士兵，对手），需用 “beat” 表示 “打败对手”，故选 A。​ 9.C​ 句意：最后，他们攻占了安邑并俘虏了魏王豹。A. took up 开始学习、占据（空间）；B. took in 吸收、理解；C. took over 攻占、接管；D. took down 记下、拆除。根据 “captured Wei Wangbao”（俘虏魏王豹）可知，汉军应是 “攻占” 了都城安邑，故选 C。​ 10.A​句意：韩信成功赢得了胜利。A. victory 胜利；B. chance 机会；C. challenge 挑战；D. wisdom 智慧。根据前文 “beat Wei Wangbao”（打败魏王豹）和 “succeeded in”（成功……）可知，韩信最终获得了 “胜利”，故选 A。​ Passage 13 What does "sanshe" stand for in the idiom tuibi sanshe (退避三舍)? In ancient China, "she" ____1____ a unit of distance. One she counts as 30 li. One li is 500 meters, so sanshe is 45 kilometers! This interesting number comes from a story behind the ___2___. During the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC–476 BC), Prince Chong’er of Jin had to leave his home. He ____3___ where to go and wanted to travel to other states. When he got to the state of Chu, King Chengwang gave him a big feast. The king ____4____ Chong’er with a question: "If you become the ruler of Jin, how will you thank me?" Chong’er thought for a moment. "Your state has so many good things," he said. "I have nothing special." But the king still wanted a ____5____answer_. Finally, Chong’er said without ____6____: "If our armies fight, I’ll ask my soldiers to retreat(撤退) sanshe." The king agreed and smiled. Years later, Chong’er returned to Jin and became King Wengong. Both states wanted to be stronger, so they went to war. King Wengong didn’t break his ___7___—he ordered a retreat to Chengpu, sanshe away. The Chu soldiers thought Jin was afraid and ___8____ them. Suddenly, Jin’s army surrounded (包围)them! In the end, Jin won the famous Battle of Chengpu. Today, tuibi sanshe ____9____to step back to avoid a fight. It’s a story where a promise counts, and "sanshe" isn’t just a number—it’s a way of solving problems____10____! 1. A. stood out B. stood for C. stands up D. stands by 2. A. problem B. decision C. proverb D. idiom 3. A. doubled B. wondered C. knew D. understood 4. A. invited B. suggested C. challenged D. advised 5. A. right B. proper C. exact D. happy 6. A. determination B.hesitation C. decision D.resolution 7. A. promise B. require C. trust D. need 8. A.met B. cheated C. followed D. caught 9. A. replace B. represented C. presented D. remember 10. A. wisely B. exactly C.sharply D. currently 【答案】BDBCC BACBA 【解析】本文讲述了“退避三舍”的典故。 1.B 句意：在中国古代，“舍” 代表一种距离单位。考查动词短语辨析。stood out（突出）、stands up（站立）、stands by（支持）均不符合语境；stood for 表示 “代表”，符合 “舍” 作为距离单位的定义。故选 B。 2. D 句意：这个有趣的数字源于该成语背后的故事。考查名词辨析。problem（问题）、decision（决定）、proverb（谚语）均与 “退避三舍” 这一成语无关；idiom 表示 “成语”，符合上下文。故选 D。 3. B 句意：他琢磨着该去哪里，想要前往其他国家。考查动词辨析。doubled（加倍）、knew（知道）、understood（理解）不符合 “思考去向” 的语境；wondered 表示 “疑惑、琢磨”，符合重耳流亡时的状态。故选 B。 4. C 句意：楚王用一个问题挑战重耳。考查动词辨析。invited（邀请）、suggested（建议）、advised（劝告）均与 “提问” 的动作不符；challenged 表示 “挑战”，体现楚王以问题试探重耳的意图。故选 C。 5. C 句意：但楚王仍然想要一个确切的回答。exact 表示 “精确的，确切的”，符合语境，指楚王希望重耳给出明确的答复。其他选项中，right（正确的）、proper（适当的）、happy（快乐的）均不符合语义。 6. B 句意：最终，重耳毫不犹豫地说。考查名词辨析。determination（决心）、decision（决定）、resolution（决心）均与 “没有犹豫” 的语义不符；hesitation 表示 “犹豫”，without hesitation 为固定搭配，意为 “毫不犹豫”。故选 B。 7. A 句意：晋文公没有违背他的承诺。考查名词辨析。require（要求）、trust（信任）、need（需要）均与 “遵守诺言” 无关；promise 表示 “承诺”，break one’s promise 为固定短语，意为 “违背承诺”。故选 A。 8. C 句意：楚军认为晋军害怕，便跟随他们。考查动词辨析。cheated（欺骗）、met（遇见）、caught（抓住）不符合 “追击撤退的晋军” 的语境；followed 表示 “跟随”，指楚军追击导致被包围。故选C。 9. B 句意：如今，“退避三舍” 代表着让步以避免冲突。考查动词辨析。replace（代替）、presented（呈现）、remember（记住）均不符合 “成语象征意义” 的表达；represented 表示 “代表”，符合成语的现代含义。故选 B。 10. A 句意：“三舍” 不仅是一个数字，更是一种明智解决问题的方式。考查副词辨析。exactly（确切地）、sharply（锐利地）、currently（当前）均与 “智慧解决冲突” 的语义无关；wisely 表示 “明智地”，体现成语所蕴含的处世哲学。故选 A。 Passage 14 Zu Ti was a great man of Jin Dynasty. He was ____1____ for his hard work and great achievements. But when he was a child, he was a naughty (顽皮的) boy who showed little ____2____ in reading. As he grew up, Zu Ti ___3____ he didn’t have enough knowledge. And he deeply felt that he could not serve his country well. So he made up his mind to study hard. Zu Ti had a ___4____ friend named Liu Kun. They had a deep friendship. So they stayed together every day. They even slept on one bed every night and ___5___ at the same time every morning. One day, when they were ____6____, Zu Ti heard the rooster crowing (打鸣). An ____7___ came to him. He woke up Liu Kun and said, “How about getting up to play swords (剑)?” Though he was still sleepy, Liu Kun agreed with Zu Ti gladly. From then on, they got up and played swords as soon as the rooster began crowing. They kept their words day after day. They never gave up no matter how ___8___ in winter or hot in summer. Besides, they began to study history ____9___ and put all their energy into reading books. In this way , they learned a great deal of knowledge and made much progress. A few years later, both of them grew up with talents and wisdom. At last, their ___10____ came true and they made great contributions to their country. This is the Chinese idiom story To Rise with the Rooster. 1. A. ready B. famous C. late D. sorry 2. A. pride B. respect C. interest D. kindness 3. A. realized B. decided C. imagined D. promised 4. A. rich B. busy C. same D. close 5. A. picked up B. got up C. gave up D. made up 6. A. fighting B. discussing C. sleeping D. reading 7. A. order B. idea C. exam D. ability 8. A. long B. dry C. cold D. quiet 9. A. carefully B. politely C. probably D. recently 10. A. mistakes B. dreams C. hobbies D. difficulties 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. B 【解析】本文主要讲述了祖逖和刘琨闻鸡起舞的故事。 1.句意：他以努力工作和伟大的成就而闻名。 ready准备；famous著名；late迟到的；sorry抱歉的。根据“his hard work and great achievements”可知，以努力工作和伟大的成就而闻名；be famous for 因……而出名。故选B。 2.句意：但当他还是个孩子的时候，他是一个顽皮的男孩，对阅读没有什么兴趣。 pride骄傲；respect尊敬；interest兴趣；kindness善意。根据“he didn’t have enough knowledge”可知，对阅读没有什么兴趣；show interest in对……表达兴趣。故选C。 3.句意：当祖逖长大后，他意识到自己知识不够。 realized意识到；decided决定；imagined想象；promised承诺。根据“study hard”可知，意识到自己没有知识；故选A。 4.句意：祖逖有个好朋友叫刘琨。 rich富有的；busy忙碌的；same同样的；close亲密的。根据“They had a deep friendship.”可知，有一个密友；故选D。 5.句意：他们甚至每天晚上睡在一张床上，每天早上在同一时间起床。 picked up捡起；got up起床；gave up放弃；made up编造。根据“They even slept on one bed every night ”可知，一起睡觉，同时起床；故选B。 6.句意：一天，当他们正在睡觉时，祖逖听到公鸡在叫。 fighting打架；discussing讨论；sleeping睡觉；reading阅读。根据“Zu Ti heard the rooster crowing”可知，睡觉的时候听到了鸡叫声；故选C。 7.句意：他想到了一个主意。 order顺序；idea想法；exam考试；ability能力。根据“He woke up Liu Kun”可知，突然有了想法；故选B。 8.句意：无论冬天多冷，夏天多热，他们从不放弃。 long长德；dry干燥的；cold冷的；quiet安静的。根据“in winter”可知，冬天很冷；故选C。 9.句意：此外，他们开始认真研究历史，把所有的精力放在读书上。 carefully仔细地；politely礼貌地；probably大概；recently最近。根据“put all their energy into reading books”可知，认真学习；故选A。 10.句意：最后，他们的梦想实现了，他们为国家做出了巨大的贡献。 mistakes错误；dreams梦想；hobbies爱好；difficulties困难。根据“came true”可知，梦想实现；故选B。 Passage 15 During the Tang Dynasty (618-907), Emperor Taizong asked the prime minister Feng Deyi to recommend talented people. However, several months passed, Feng didn’t recommend anyone. “I tried my best, but there are not unusual and 1 people at all.” Feng said. “People are like utensils (器物). What we need to do is to take advantage of their strengths. You cannot excuse yourself for not 2 talented people. How could you say that there are no talented people in our 3 ?” said the emperor. Indeed, each utensil or tool has its use. A knife is made to cut things while chopsticks are made to 4 food. We can’t use a knife as a 5 . Like a utensil, each person has special strength. Nobody is perfect. We can’t expect a person to be good at everything . With this idea in 6 , Emperor Taizong discovered many talented people of different backgrounds. He offered them important positions. This helped them make the best 7 of their talents. His talented people helped the society 8 and created a “golden age”. Some people say if a person is talented in some ways, we should give them a chance. The same idea can be found in The Analects of Confucius (《论语》). Treating people as utensils shows that we cannot only 9 people well, but also allow different kinds of people to work well. Today, the idea is still 10 . If we become leaders someday, we should help others give full play to their strengths. For example, Liu Bang let Zhang Liang and Xiao He work as advisors for their wisdom while he invited Han Xin to lead the army for his war strategies. Known as the “three heroes of the early Han Dynasty”, they helped Liu build a strong dynasty. 1. A. perfect B. serious C. generous D. patient 2. A. hearing B. noticing C. protecting D. praising 3. A. city B. town C. village D. country 4. A. get up B. take up C. pick up D. look up 5. A. bowl B. tool C. spoon D. chopstick 6. A. mind B. trouble C. fact D. danger 7. A. use B. time C. effort D. future 8. A. win B. develop C. record D. begin 9. A. control B. feed C. miss D. lead 10. A. different B. challenging C. meaningful D. funny 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C 【解析】本文通过唐太宗选举人才的故事告诉我们没有人是完美的，如果一个人在某方面有天赋，应该被重视，在正确的职位上发挥他们的优势。 1. 句意：我已经尽力了，但世上根本没有不同寻常的、完美的人。 perfect完美的；serious严重的；generous慷慨的；patient耐心的。根据下文“Nobody is perfect.”没有人是完美的；可知指“完美的人”。故选A。 2. 句意：你不能为自己没有注意到有才华的人而辩解。 hearing听；noticing注意；protecting保护；praising赞扬。根据“talented people”以及上文“Emperor Taizong asked the prime minister Feng Deyi to recommend talented people.”可知是指没有注意到有才华的人。故选B。 3. 句意：怎能说我国没有人才呢？ city城市；town城镇；village村庄；country国家。根据“said the emperor”可知，皇帝说的应是在整个国家。故选D。 4. 句意：刀是用来切东西的，筷子是用来拿食物的。 get up起床；take up占用；pick up捡起，拿起；look up查阅。根据前文“A knife is made to cut things”刀是用来切东西的；可知，此处指“筷子是用来拿东西的”。故选C。 5. 句意：我们不能拿刀当筷子使。 bowl碗；tool工具；spoon勺子；chopstick筷子。根据上文“A knife is made to cut things while chopsticks are made to…food.”刀与筷子的用途；可知此处指“不能拿刀当筷子使”。故选D。 6. 句意：抱着这样的想法，唐太宗发现了许多不同背景的人才。 mind头脑；trouble麻烦；fact事实；danger危险。根据“With this idea in...”可知此处指“脑海中有想法”。故选A。 7. 句意：这帮助他们充分利用自己的才能。 use使用；time时间；effort努力；future未来。根据“of their talents”可知此处指“在自己的职位上，很好利用他们的才能”。make use of“利用”，故选A。 8. 句意：他的人才帮助社会发展，创造了“黄金时代”。 win赢；develop发展；record记录；begin开始。根据后文“created a ‘golden age’”创造了“黄金时代”；可知此处指“帮助社会发展”。故选B。 9. 句意：把人当器皿，说明我们不仅能带好人，还能让不同类型的人做好工作。 control控制；feed喂养；miss错过；lead带领。根据下文“Treating people as utensils shows that we can not only…people well, but also allow different kinds of people to work well.”可知，此处是不仅能带好人，故选D。 10. 句意：今天，这个想法仍然有意义。 different不同的；challenging有挑战的；meaningful有意义的；funny滑稽的。根据“If we become leaders someday, we should help others give full play to their strengths.”可知此处指“这个想法现在仍然有意义”，故选C。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 热点话题06 中国文化—中国传统经典故 题型 语篇 话题 完形填空 Passage 1 中国传统经典故事：伏羲与八卦（原创） Passage 2 中国传统经典故事：成语“墨守成规”的来源（原创） Passage 3 中国传统经典故事：“卧薪尝胆”的故事（原创） Passage 4 中国传统经典故事：成语“东山再起”的来源（原创） Passage 5 中国传统经典故事：成语“乱七八糟”背后的故事（原创） Passage 6 中国传统经典故事：成语“滴水穿石”的故事。（原创） Passage 7 中国传统经典故事：“程门立雪”的故事 Passage 8 中国传统经典故事：“三顾茅庐”的故事（原创） Passage 9 中国传统经典故事：“将相和”“负荆请罪”的故事（原创） Passage 10 中国传统经典故事：周处除三害的故事 Passage 11 中国传统经典故事：“围魏救赵”的故事。（原创） Passage 12 中国传统经典故事：“声东击西”的故事。（原创） Passage 13 中国传统经典故事：“退避三舍”的故事（改编） Passage 14 中国传统经典故事：“闻鸡起舞”的故事 Passage 15 中国传统经典故事：“用人如器”的故事 Passage 1 Fu Xi is an important figure in Chinese history and culture. He is considered one of the earliest ancestors of the Chinese people and is known as a great sage（圣人） and inventor. In ancient times, Fu Xi observed the world around him_____1____. He looked at the sky, the earth, the sun, the moon, the stars, and all kinds of ____2____ phenomena（现象）. From these observations, he____3____ the Bagua, which is a set of eight symbols. Each symbol stands for different aspects of the world, such as heaven, earth, thunder, wind, water, fire, mountain, and lake. The Bagua is____4_____three lines, and these lines can be either solid (representing yang) or broken (representing yin). By ____5___ these lines in different ways, the eight symbols are ____6____. These symbols are very important in traditional Chinese culture. They are used in many fields, like philosophy（哲学）, divination（占卜）, and traditional Chinese medicine. For example, in philosophy, the Bagua helps people understand the ____7____ and change in the world. Yin and yang represent two opposite but complementary（相反但互补）forces. Everything in the world ___8____ both yin and yang elements. In traditional Chinese medicine, the theory of the Bagua is also used to explain the human body and how to keep healthy. Fu Xi's creation of the Bagua has had a lasting ____9____on Chinese culture. It shows the wisdom of the ancient Chinese people and has been passed down through generations. Even today, people are still studying and ___10______the rich meaning of the Bagua. 1. A. quietly B. carefully C. confidently D. hard 2. A. natural B. interesting C. regular D. common 3. A. build B. invented C. produced D. created 4. A. made of B. made up of C. made into D. made from 5. A. mixing B. fixing C. repairing D. combining 6. A. discovered B. formed C. reformed D. improved 7. A. appearance B. choice C. chance D. balance 8. A. includes B .remains C. spreads D. expresses 9. A. effort B. result C. influence D. achievement 10. A. catching B. mastering C. applying D. exploring Passage 2 完形填空 The Chinese idiom “mò shǒu chéng guī”，which means “sticking to old rules,” has a cool story behind it. Long ago, during the Warring States Period, there lived a very smart man named Mozi. He was great at making tools and knew a lot about keeping cities __1____ from attacks.​ At the same time, there was another ___2____ man called Gongshu Ban. He was famous for making strong war machines. One day, Gongshu Ban made new and____3___ machines to attack a city. He thought he would ___4_____ win with these amazing tools.​ Mozi didn’t want the war to happen. So, he went to see Gongshu Ban and said, “Let’s do a simulation test (模拟测试) on a table. You ____5____ to attack with your ____6____, and I’ll try to stop you.” In this test, Mozi used simple things and his clever mind. No matter how many times Gongshu Ban attacked, Mozi always found ways to ___7____ the “city.” Gongshu Ban tried nine different attacks, yet Mozi blocked each one successfully. After failing again and again, He realized that no matter how powerful his war machines were, Mozi’s wisdom was unbeatable. Finally, he had to ___8____ his plan to attack the city. Over time, people started using “Mozi’s defense” to describe those who strictly___9____ old methods and refused to accept new ideas, just like someone who only counts on old rules and never tries new ways. That’s how the idiom was born.​ Today, when we say someone “sticks to old rules,” we mean they ___10____change their ways, even if there are better options. Remember, it’s good to learn from history, but we should also be brave enough to try new things! 1. A. safe B. healthy C. smooth D. energetic 2. A. famous B. talented C. strong D. educated 3. A. proper B. powerful C. useful D. practical 4. A. eventually B. probably C. suddenly D. definitely 5. A. practise B. prevent C. pretend D. prepare 6. A. machines B. guns C. swords D. weapons 7. A. protest B. produce C. process D. protect 8. A. give up B. give in C. give away D. give off 9. A. changed B. followed C. reformed D. improved 10. A. always B. frequently C. never D. just Passage 3 During the Spring and Autumn Period (770–476 BC), two powerful states in ancient China—Wu and Yue—often fought for land and power. In 494 BC, Yue’s king, Gou Jian, led his army against Wu but suffered a terrible defeat. To save his people from further____1____, Gou Jian made a painful choice: he gave in to Wu’s king, Fu Chai, and went to Wu as a____2___. For three years in Wu, Gou Jian put up with shame. He did lowly jobs like feeding Fu Chai’s horses, cleaning his palace, and even____3______ the king when he was ill. He hid his anger and desire for revenge, acting as if he had completely given up his royal pride. Fu Chai, fooled by his obedience, finally ___4___ Gou Jian to return to Yue in 491 BC. Back in his homeland, Gou Jian was determined to rebuild Yue and take revenge. To never forget his ____5___ in Wu, he slept on a pile of rough brushwood instead of a ____6___ bed. Every night before eating, he would taste a bitter gall to ___7____himself of his failure. He also worked closely with his people: He helped farmers produce more food, trained soldiers____8___, and lived simply to save resources. After ten years of hard work, Yue became ___9____ enough. In 482 BC, Gou Jian led his army to attack Wu and won. This story later became a famous ___10_____, teaching people that with strong will, patience, and hard work, one can overcome great hardships and achieve their goals. 1. A. harm B. damage C. gain D. failure 2. A. workmate B. adviser C. servant D. soldier 3. A. looking up B. taking after C. taking up D. looking after 4. A. forced B. ordered C. allowed D. expected 5. A. anger B. feeling C. suffering D. happiness 6. A. smooth B. comfortable C. strange D. peaceful 7. A. respond B. reply C. remain D. remind 8. A. politely B. roughly C. painfully D. strictly 9. A. rich B. strong C. hopeful D. helpful 10. A. idiom B. saying C. judge D. meaning Passage 4 The Story of “Dongshan Zaiqi”（东山再起） The Chinese idiom “Dongshan Zaiqi” comes from a famous story in Chinese history. It means to rise again after failure or setback（挫折）, and its origin is related to Xie An, a remarkable figure in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317 - 420 AD). Xie An was_____1____talented. However, he didn't like the life of being an official. So, he chose to live in seclusion（隐居） on Dongshan Mountain in Kuaiji, Zhejiang. There, he ____2_____beautiful scenery with his friends, wrote excellent poems, and____3_____became well-known. Despite(尽管) many invitations from the royal court, Xie An____4____ to serve as an official. But when he was over forty, things changed. At that time, the kingdom was in great danger—the Battle of Fei River against the ____5_____Former Qin army. The emperor ___6_____ Xie An to return and lead the defense. Xie An finally agreed to come back to politics. After____7_____, Xie An led the Jin army to win a famous battle against the much larger former Qin army. Because he once lived in seclusion on Dongshan Mountain and then made a comeback, people began to use “Dongshan Zaiqi” to___8_____ someone who regains power or success after a setback. Today, this phrase ____9____ people to keep trying even after setbacks. Like Xie An, it reminds us that talent and courage can ___10_____success again, no matter how difficult the situation. Just as the English saying goes, "It’s never too late to try again"—and Xie An’s story proves it! 1. A. normally B. nearly C. uniquely D. extremely 2. A. enjoyed B. found C. spread D. attempted 3. A. eventually B. gradually C. suddenly D. specially 4. A. accepted B. agreed C. refused D. followed 5. A. helpful B. energetic C. peaceful D. powerful 6. A. ordered B. forced C. begged D. commanded 7. A. fighting B. surviving C. leaving D. returning 8. A. pain B. describe C. tell D. invite 9. A. interests B. increases C. instructs D. inspires 10. A. lead to B. lead in C. come from D. play a role in Passage 5 The Story Behind "Luan Qi Ba Zao" (乱七八糟) – A Chinese Idiom for Chaos In Chinese culture, the idiom "Luan Qi Ba Zao" is used to describe a situation that is completely messy or chaotic. Its meaning comes from two important historical ____1____in ancient China. During the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC – 9 AD), Emperor Jingdi wanted to make the princes less powerful. This made seven princes very____2_____. In 154 BC, they joined together to _____3____ the emperor. Their rebellion caused years of war, destroyed many cities, and left people’s lives in chaos. Although the emperor ____4____ won, the damage was huge. People later called this event "Luan Qi" (Chaotic Seven). Later, in the Jin Dynasty (266 – 420 AD), eight princes started fighting each other for power. This "Eight Princes’ Rebellion" _____5___ from 291 to 306 AD. The war burned villages, killed thousands of people, and made society fall apart. The word "Ba Zao" (Eight Troubles) became a____6____ of long-lasting chaos. As time passed, people combined these two stories to ____7_____ "Luan Qi Ba Zao." They used it to talk about any situation that was as messy as these ancient wars. Today, we still use this phrase in daily life. For example: "My desk is a luan qi ba zao after studying all night!" This idiom shows how history can ____8______language. By learning about "Luan Qi Ba Zao", we not only understand a phrase but also remember the lessons from the past: fighting and chaos always bring suffering. For our junior students, learning idioms like "Luan Qi Ba Zao" is like opening a door to China's rich history. When we understand their origins, we can discover more about history, appreciate our culture better, and ____9____ our language skills. In this way, idioms are like ____10____ between the past and the present. They help us feel proud of our cultural heritage while making learning interesting! 1. A. matters B. accident C. events D. activities 2. A. bored B. angry C. frightened D. embarrassed 3. A. fight for B. fight against C. protect from D. struggle against 4. A. eventually B. accidentally C. frequently D. suddenly 5. A. happened B. spread C. enlarged D. lasted 6. A. symbol B. review C. mark D. sign 7. A. invent B. discover C. create D. build 8. A. change B. choose C. decide D. influence 9. A. replace B. improve C. deepen D. renew 10. A. ways B. methods C. bridges D. paths Passage 6 In the Song Dynasty (960 - 1279), there was an official named Zhang Guaiya. He worked in Chongyang county, which is in today’s Hubei. Back then, stealing was a ____1___ problem. Even the money in the county's vault was often ____2_____.​ One day, while Zhang was walking around the yamen (the government office), he saw a low - ranking official running out of the vault in a rush. Questions ____3____ filled Zhang's mind. He stepped forward and firmly stopped the official and asked, “Why are you so rushed?” The official just said, “No reason.” But Zhang remembered the stolen things from the vault. So, he told the guards to ___4______the official carefully. Soon, they found a copper coin in the official's headband.​ Zhang asked him if he had stolen more. The official refused to ___5_____ stealing anything else. Zhang got angry and told the guards to beat him. The official didn't ___6_____ and shouted, “It's just one copper coin. You can't kill me for this!”​ Zhang was really ____7______. He took a red pen and wrote, “If you steal one coin a day, after a thousand days, you'll have a thousand coins. Constant dripping wears away a stone.” This old saying means small things can make a big ____8_____. It ____9____ us not to do small bad things and to keep working hard. Just like learning a language, there's no easy way. We must keep learning new words, reading, and writing. We may not see progress ___10______, but if we keep at it for months or years, we will succeed.​ 1.A. normal B. common C. public D. secret 2.A.robbed B. borrowed C. stolen D. moved 3.A. immediately B. eventually C. accidentally D. suddenly 4.A.catch B. beat C. search D. arrest 5.A.avoid B. advise C. apologize D. admit 6.A.give up B. give in C. give away D. give off 7.A. surprised B. mad C. bored D. embarrassed 8.A.dicision B. determination C. solution D. difference 9.A.remains B. reminds C. retreats D. remarks 10.A. quietly B. carefully C. greatly D. quickly Passage 7 Respecting teachers has always been a tradition in China. Yang Shi was a philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty. One day, he and his schoolmates had different ideas on a question. To get a ____1____ answer, he went to visit Cheng Yi, the famous philosopher. At Cheng’s house, however, the guarding kid told him that Mr. Cheng was meditating (冥想) in his ____2____ and asked him to go back. Yang ____3____ to leave, so the kid left him alone and went in. After a while, it began to snow ___4___. The little boy came out again and reminded Yang that Mr. Cheng might spend the whole afternoon meditating. He invited Yang to warm himself in the house to ____5____ the wind and snow. But Yang kept standing in the snow and waiting outside in order that he could ask Cheng’s ____6____ on the question. As soon as Cheng finished meditating, the boy reported that Yang was waiting outside. When Cheng ____7____ this, he came out to see Yang. When the door was opened, everyone was ___8____. The snow was more than a foot deep, but Yang stood still, without ___9___ his feet. “Young man, why are you so silly? You could have come again someday!” Cheng took Yang to the room at once. Cheng was very happy and accepted Yang as his student because of Yang’s politeness and efforts. He told Yang all his philosophical thoughts. That made a big ___10___ to Yang’s life. Later, Yang really learned a lot and made great contributions (贡献) to his country. 1. A. simple B. correct C. long D. popular 2. A. farm B. car C. hotel D. room 3. A. hoped B. decided C. refused D. wanted 4. A. heavily B. early C. deeply D. carefully 5. A. find B. avoid C. catch D. hide 6. A. method B. rule C. record D. opinion 7. A. heard B. achieved C. forgot D. received 8. A. excited B. relaxed C. shocked D. bored 9. A. smelling B. washing C. cutting D. moving 10. A. difference B. choice C. decision D. plan Passage 8 The Story of Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage A long time ago in China, there was a wise man named Zhuge Liang. He lived in a small thatched cottage(茅庐)in the mountains. He was very ___1______ and knew a lot about how to win wars. Liu Bei was a brave man who wanted to make the country better. He ____2____ Zhuge Liang and wanted him to help. So, Liu Bei went to the ___3_____to find Zhuge Liang. But when he got there, Zhuge Liang was not at home. He was out reading books or thinking about important things. Liu Bei was sad, but he didn't give up. After a few days, Liu Bei went to the thatched cottage again. This time, Zhuge Liang was ____4____. Liu Bei waited ____5_____ outside. He didn't want to wake up Zhuge Liang because he knew Zhuge Liang needed rest to think clearly. But when Zhuge Liang woke up, he still didn't want to help Liu Bei. He thought Liu Bei was just an ordinary man，He didn’t quite ___6_____ him. Liu Bei was very ____7_____ but he still didn't lose hope. He waited for a few more days and went to the thatched cottage for the third time. This time, Zhuge Liang was at home and they talked for a long time. Liu Bei told Zhuge Liang about his ____8_____ and how he wanted to make the people happy. Zhuge Liang was moved by Liu Bei's sincerity and _____9____. He finally agreed to help Liu Bei. With Zhuge Liang's help, Liu Bei became stronger and stronger. They worked together and did many great things. The story of the three visits to the thatched cottage tells us that if we are sincere and never give up, we can ___10_____our goals and find the help we need. 1. A. caring B. understanding C. patient D. smart 2. A. heard from B. learnt about C. heard about D. learnt from 3. A. grounds B. mountain C. rivers D. lands 4. A. working B. writing C. sleeping D. cooking 5. A. quietly B. carefully C. politely D. worriedly 6. A. recognize B. respect C. admire D. understand 7. A. interested B. disappointed C. surprised D. shocked 8. A. programmes B. projects C. feelings D. dreams 9. A. decision B. solution C. determination D. fearlessness 10. A. find B. achieve C. encourage D. increase Passage 9 Lian Po and Lin Xiangru were two important people in the State of Zhao. Lian was a brave general, and Lin was an excellent advisor. Lian was famous for winning battles (战役) and making his 1 scared. He once led the Zhao army to victory against the State of Qi. Everyone 2 him for his bravery. Lin, on the other hand, was clever and knew how to use words to solve problems. He once saved the Heshibi for the King of Zhao and became a trusted advisor. But there was a problem. Lian felt worried after Lin got a 3 position than him. He thought he should be given greater honor because of his achievements on the battlefield, while Lin achieved success just through his skills in speaking and debating (辩论). Sometimes, Lian even spoke ill of Lin behind his back. Lin didn’t want any trouble, so he 4 meeting Lian. He didn’t want to argue or fight. Lian thought he was winning because it 5 that Lin was scared of him. Lin’s friends, however, were 6 about this. They thought Lin was too kind and weak. But Lin explained that he didn’t have 7 to fight Lian because it would harm their country. He believed that if they 8 together, the State of Zhao would become powerful. When Lian heard this, he felt ashamed. He realized he was being foolish and also caused trouble for their country. So he said sorry to Lin, and they became good friends. They worked together to serve the State of Zhao and 9 personal problems. Lian and Lin showed us that even if we have differences, we can still put aside our pride and 10 great things when we pay full attention to what’s best for the greater good as friends. 1. A. friends B. kids C. parents D. enemies 2. A. admired B. interviewed C. noticed D. understood 3. A. higher B. lower C. larger D. smaller 4. A. avoided B. continued C. remembered D. started 5. A. found B. appeared C. mentioned D. reported 6. A. quiet B. surprised C. excited D. upset 7. A. plans B. powers C. reasons D. places 8. A. mixed B. pulled C. got D. lived 9. A. helped with B. dealt with C. forgot about D. cared for 10. A. achieve B. prevent C. miss D. accept Passage 10 During the Western Jin Dynasty, there was a man named Zhou Chu. He was taller and 1 than any other man in the village. However, he was impolite and rude. People 2 him because he often hit villagers. At the time, there was a man-eating tiger and a deep water monster (怪物) living nearby. They often caused 3 for the village. People called them two, along with Zhou, the “three evils” (害). One day, some villagers asked Zhou to help them kill the tiger and the monster. Zhou agreed. After three days of fighting, Zhou 4 killed them. But the villagers thought he was dead during the fight. Before Zhou came back, they celebrated his 5 . After seeing this, Zhou realized how much he was hated and decided to make a 6 . He visited a famous man named Lu Yun. Lu told him, “ 7 one realizes what is good in the morning, he can change his behavior in the evening. Just do what you think is 8 .” From then on, Zhou Chu 9 hitting other people and became a good person. In fact, it’s not easy for us to know our own mistakes, even when they are clear to others. It was good that Zhou was able to make changes. We all make mistakes. But it’s never too late to 10 them. All you need is the courage to accept your mistakes and make an effort to correct them. 1. A. older B. stronger C. richer D. prettier 2. A. feared B. supported C. loved D. missed 3. A. joy B. doubt C. peace D. trouble 4. A. easily B. happily C. finally D. exactly 5. A. death B. success C. wisdom D. return 6. A. speech B. change C. wish D. house 7. A. Until B. Unless C. If D. So 8. A. right B. useless C. rude D. true 9. A. continued B. enjoyed C. admitted D. stopped 10. A. break B. keep C. correct D. believe Passage 11 In ancient China, during the Warring States Period, there were many small kingdoms. One day, the state of Wei decided to ___1___ the state of Zhao. Zhao’s capital city, Handan, ____2___ the north, and it was soon surrounded by Wei’s strong army. The king of Zhao was very worried—his soldiers were not enough to fight back, and the city was almost empty of food and supplies. He quickly asked the state of Qi for help.​ The king of Qi sent two smart generals, Sun Bin and Tian Ji, to save Zhao. Instead of leading their army directly to Handan, Sun Bin had a clever___3___. “If we march toward Wei’s capital city, Daliang, which is now weakly guarded, the Wei army will have to leave Zhao to protect their own home,” he said. ____4____, the Qi army quietly ____5____ Daliang. They didn’t make any loud noise, so the Wei soldiers in Handan didn’t know about the plan.​ When the Wei general heard that his own capital was under attack , he was very scared. He____6___ led most of his army back to save Daliang. On their way back, the tired Wei soldiers were suddenly met by the Qi army, who had been ____7__ there secretly there, waiting for them. The Wei army was beaten quickly.​ In the end, the Qi army _____8____ in rescuing Zhao without fighting a big battle in Handan. This clever strategy is called “Surround Wei to Save Zhao” in Chinese history. The people of Zhao were so happy that they held a big party to celebrate their ___9_____. This story tells us that sometimes, using___10____ is more powerful than using force. 1. A. attach B. attribute C. attract D. attack 2. A. was different from B. was made up of C. was famous for D. was located in 3. A. trick B. challenge C. mind D. instruction 4. A. Though B. Anywhere C. However D. Therefore 5. A. went their way to B. made their way to C. on their wany to D. got their wany in 6. A. suddenly B. eventually C. immediately D. especially 7. A. filling B. pretending C. entering D. hiding 8. A. remaining B. managing C. succeeded D. attempting 9. A. victory B. independence C. intelligence D. cooperation 10. A. bravery B. determination C. teamwork D. wisdom Passage 12 Long long ago, at the end of the Qin Dynasty, there was a big war in China. Two leaders, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu, fought for the country. Han Xin was a good general under Liu Bang. He needed to lead soldiers to beat Wei Wangbao, who ___1____Hedong. Wei Wangbao knew the importance of a ferry (渡口) named Puban. He sent many soldiers there to ___2___ it. He also took all the boats away. He thought, "Han Xin must attack Puban. If I hold Puban, I will win!"​ When Han Xin arrived at the west bank of the Yellow River, he saw Wei Wangbao’s ___3___. He didn’t want to fight hard at Puban, so he had an idea—"deceive the east and attack the west".​ First, Han Xin told his soldiers to build a big camp opposite Puban. Every day, the soldiers cut trees and made boats. When Wei Wangbao saw this, he thought he was right, ____4____, he sent more men to Puban.​ But at the same time, Han Xin chose some brave soldiers. He told them to go north along the river___5___. They found a quiet ferry called Xiayang. There were few guards there. At night, they crossed the river and __6____ Wei’s land quietly. Then they made their way to Wei’s capital, Anyi.​ Wei Wangbao was still waiting for Han Xin at Puban. Suddenly, someone told him: "Han Xin’s soldiers are near Anyi!" He was ____7___. He had to send his soldiers from Puban back to save Anyi. But those soldiers were tired. On the way back, Han Xin’s brave men attacked them. They___8____ the tired soldiers easily.​ When Puban had few guards left, Han Xin led his main army to attack Puban. The guards there couldn’t stop them. Han Xin crossed the river and met his brave men near Anyi. Finally, they ___9___ Anyi and captured Wei Wangbao.​ Han Xin succeeded in winning the ___10____. His "deceive the east and attack the west" became a famous military (军事的) trick in Chinese history. 1. A. hid B. controlled C. served D. captured 2. A. guard B. rule C. manage D. deal 3. A. trick B. challenge C. mind D. instruction 4. A. however B. therefore C. besides D. though 5. A. clearly B. happily C. carefully D. secretly 6. A. destroyed B. fought C. entered D. arrived 7. A. upset B. shocked C. frightened D. worried 8. A. beat B. win C. lose D. watch 9. A. took up B. took in C. took over D. took down 10. A. victory B. chance C. challenge D. wisdom Passage 13 What does "sanshe" stand for in the idiom tuibi sanshe (退避三舍)? In ancient China, "she" ____16____ a unit of distance. One she counts as 30 li. One li is 500 meters, so sanshe is 45 kilometers! This interesting number comes from a story behind the ___17___. During the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC–476 BC), Prince Chong’er of Jin had to leave his home. He ____18___ where to go and wanted to travel to other states. When he got to the state of Chu, King Chengwang gave him a big feast. The king ____19____ Chong’er with a question: "If you become the ruler of Jin, how will you thank me?" Chong’er thought for a moment. "Your state has so many good things," he said. "I have nothing special." But the king still wanted a ____20____answer_. Finally, Chong’er said without ____21____: "If our armies fight, I’ll ask my soldiers to retreat(撤退) sanshe." The king agreed and smiled. Years later, Chong’er returned to Jin and became King Wengong. Both states wanted to be stronger, so they went to war. King Wengong didn’t break his ___22___—he ordered a retreat to Chengpu, sanshe away. The Chu soldiers thought Jin was afraid and ___23____ them. Suddenly, Jin’s army surrounded (包围)them! In the end, Jin won the famous Battle of Chengpu. Today, tuibi sanshe ____24____to step back to avoid a fight. It’s a story where a promise counts, and "sanshe" isn’t just a number—it’s a way of solving problems____25____! 16. A. stood out B. stood for C. stands up D. stands by 17. A. problem B. decision C. proverb D. idiom 18. A. doubled B. wondered C. knew D. understood 19. A. invited B. suggested C. challenged D. advised 20. A. right B. proper C. exact D. happy 21. A. determination B. hesitation C. decision D. resolution 22. A. promise B. require C. trust D. need 23. A. met B. cheated C. followed D. caught 24. A. replace B. represented C. presented D. remember 25. A. wisely B. exactly C. sharply D. currently Passage 14 Zu Ti was a great man of Jin Dynasty. He was ____1____ for his hard work and great achievements. But when he was a child, he was a naughty (顽皮的) boy who showed little ____2____ in reading. As he grew up, Zu Ti ___3____ he didn’t have enough knowledge. And he deeply felt that he could not serve his country well. So he made up his mind to study hard. Zu Ti had a ___4____ friend named Liu Kun. They had a deep friendship. So they stayed together every day. They even slept on one bed every night and ___5___ at the same time every morning. One day, when they were ____6____, Zu Ti heard the rooster crowing (打鸣). An ____7___ came to him. He woke up Liu Kun and said, “How about getting up to play swords (剑)?” Though he was still sleepy, Liu Kun agreed with Zu Ti gladly. From then on, they got up and played swords as soon as the rooster began crowing. They kept their words day after day. They never gave up no matter how ___8___ in winter or hot in summer. Besides, they began to study history ____9___ and put all their energy into reading books. In this way , they learned a great deal of knowledge and made much progress. A few years later, both of them grew up with talents and wisdom. At last, their ___10____ came true and they made great contributions to their country. This is the Chinese idiom story To Rise with the Rooster. 1. A. ready B. famous C. late D. sorry 2. A. pride B. respect C. interest D. kindness 3. A. realized B. decided C. imagined D. promised 4. A. rich B. busy C. same D. close 5. A. picked up B. got up C. gave up D. made up 6. A. fighting B. discussing C. sleeping D. reading 7. A. order B. idea C. exam D. ability 8. A. long B. dry C. cold D. quiet 9. A. carefully B. politely C. probably D. recently 10. A. mistakes B. dreams C. hobbies D. difficulties Passage 15 During the Tang Dynasty (618-907), Emperor Taizong asked the prime minister Feng Deyi to recommend talented people. However, several months passed, Feng didn’t recommend anyone. “I tried my best, but there are not unusual and 1 people at all.” Feng said. “People are like utensils (器物). What we need to do is to take advantage of their strengths. You cannot excuse yourself for not 2 talented people. How could you say that there are no talented people in our 3 ?” said the emperor. Indeed, each utensil or tool has its use. A knife is made to cut things while chopsticks are made to 4 food. We can’t use a knife as a 5 . Like a utensil, each person has special strength. Nobody is perfect. We can’t expect a person to be good at everything . With this idea in 6 , Emperor Taizong discovered many talented people of different backgrounds. He offered them important positions. This helped them make the best 7 of their talents. His talented people helped the society 8 and created a “golden age”. Some people say if a person is talented in some ways, we should give them a chance. The same idea can be found in The Analects of Confucius (《论语》). Treating people as utensils shows that we cannot only 9 people well, but also allow different kinds of people to work well. Today, the idea is still 10 . If we become leaders someday, we should help others give full play to their strengths. For example, Liu Bang let Zhang Liang and Xiao He work as advisors for their wisdom while he invited Han Xin to lead the army for his war strategies. Known as the “three heroes of the early Han Dynasty”, they helped Liu build a strong dynasty. 1. A. perfect B. serious C. generous D. patient 2. A. hearing B. noticing C. protecting D. praising 3. A. city B. town C. village D. country 4. A. get up B. take up C. pick up D. look up 5. A. bowl B. tool C. spoon D. chopstick 6. A. mind B. trouble C. fact D. danger 7. A. use B. time C. effort D. future 8. A. win B. develop C. record D. begin 9. A. control B. feed C. miss D. lead 10. A. different B. challenging C. meaningful D. funny 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $