Unit 5 The human brain 条件状语从句（单元核心语法精练）英语牛津上海版九年级上册

Unit 5 The human brain 条件状语从句（单元核心语法精练） 常见引导词 结构特点 时态规则 典型例句 注意事项 if（如果）、unless（除非，=if not） 1. 主句 + if/unless 从句； 2. if/unless 从句 +，+ 主句 从句：一般现在时；主句：一般将来时、情态动词（can/may/must）或祈使句 1. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们会待在家。）2. You won't pass the exam unless you study hard.（除非你努力学习，否则你不会通过考试。） 1. unless 不可与 not 连用（避免双重否定，如不能说 “unless you don't study”）； 2. 从句用 “一般现在时” 表将来，不用 “will + 动词原形”（如不能说 “If it will rain...”） as long as（只要）、on condition that（条件是） 主句 + 从句 / 从句 +，+ 主句 从句一般现在时，主句将来时 / 情态动词 / 祈使句 1. As long as you keep practicing, you will speak English well.（只要你坚持练习，你英语会说得很好。） 2. I will help you on condition that you finish your homework first.（我会帮你，条件是你先完成作业。） 1. 引导词侧重 “前提条件”，需结合语境区分（如 as long as 强调 “只要满足某条件就可实现”）； 2. 用法与 if 一致，可替换 if 理解，但语气更具体 一、单项选择 1．It’s 7:45 a. m. You will be late ________ you take a taxi. A．so B．unless C．since D．while 2．Simon, you can buy the computer ________ you like it. A．as long as B．after C．but D．so 3．We will succeed ________ we keep on trying. A．as soon as B．as long as C．as far as D．as hard as 4．________ smart cities use more renewable energy in the future, the problem of air pollution won’t be greatly reduced. A．Since B．Because C．Although D．Unless 5．You won’t make progress ________ you keep practicing every day. A．unless B．after C．because D．while 6．I don’t know ________ it will be rainy on weekends, ________ it rains, I’ll stay at home. A．unless, if B．if, if C．if, whether D．whether, until 7．The students will have a football match if it ________ fine next Saturday. A．will be B．would be C．was D．is 8．Go to help her if she ________ in trouble. A．is going B．will be C．comes D．is 9．Our school basketball team will win the next match if we ________ more. A．practiced B．practice C．will practice D．has practiced 10．We will have a PE lesson indoors if it __________ tomorrow. A．rains B．has rained C．will rain D．is raining 11．Good morning, and in case I ________ you, good afternoon, good evening, and good night! A．won't see B．wouldn't see C．don't see D．didn't see 12．—I think nothing is difficult ______ we try our best to do it. —You’re quite right. A．as long as B．as soon as C．as well as D．as far as 13．—She seems rather cold. —I think she’s shy. ________ you get to know her, you’ll find she’s a kind person. A．Unless B．Once C．Because D．Since 14．You will fall in love with that city _________ you learn about it. A．since B．while C．before D．once 15．We will never know what goal we can achieve ________ we try our best. A．because B．unless C．but D．if 16．—Is your QQ account safe? —Yes, nobody can use it _________ they have the password. A．if B．when C．since D．unless 17．________ it rains this Saturday, we’ll have a picnic in Century Park. A．If B．Unless C．Because D．When 18．I’m not sure ________ he will win the competition or not. ________ he wins, he will get the chance to enter the league. A．if, If B．whether, Whether C．if, Whether D．whether, If 19．I really don’t know if he ________ tomorrow. If he ________, please tell me. A．comes, will come B．comes, comes C．will come, comes D．will come, will come 20．________ you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty. A．While B．Once C．Though D．Unless 二、单词拼写 1．If our government doesn’t pay attention to the safety of food, our health (be) in danger. 2．If you don’t catch up, you’ll be out. (leave) 3．If it (rain) tomorrow, they won’t go out. 4．You won’t improve your English unless you (work) hard at it. 5．Unless you practice more, you won’t in winning the game. (success) 6．You can have a day off unless the latest news (record) tomorrow. 7．If (breathe) in, the virus will cause many deaths. 8．My mother says that I can’t play outside unless my homework (finish). 9．Your personal information (steal) easily unless you are careful on the Internet. 10．The tickets (sell) out if you don’t order them as soon as possible. 三、完成句子 1．you, start, now, if, you, will, dinner, before, it, finish . 2．Eat your breakfast, or you will get hungry at school.（rewrite the sentence with if） 3．I will tell you; he will come here tomorrow. （用if连接） I you he here tomorrow. 4．Suzy will not succeed without his parents’ help.（改为复合句） his parents help her, Suzy will not succeed. 5．Unless the restaurant is too busy, we will get a table by the window. (保持句意不变) the restaurant too busy, we will get a table by the window. 6．I will stay if it rains.（句意不变） I stay it rains. 7．Frank won’t go to the party, if he doesn’t receive the invitation. (保持句意基本不变) Frank won’t go to the party, he the invitation. 8．You’ll fail the exam unless you work hard.（改为同义句） you work hard, you’ll fail the exam. 9．happen, computers, our jobs, to us, if, what will, can do ? 10．rarely, others, to, give a hand, need help, model students, if, refuse (连词成句) . 四、选词填空 将下列单词填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。 A．damage         B．recognize    C． organize     D．literature     E. opposite What makes humans and our animal relatives different? A big beautiful brain. Human brain power has invented things such as art, language, 1 , machines and music. The list goes on, but there is still much we don’ t know about the brain. Just this month, scientists discovered that swimming in cold water could repair 2 to human brains. The brain has two connected parts called hemispheres (脑半球). Each one controls the 3 side of the body. The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and helps you 4 faces, images and music. The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body and focuses on language, logical (逻辑的) thinking and maths. A．action    B．especially     C． touch       D．early         E creative Our brain continues to develop into 5 adulthood. Babies learn quickly. In the first 18 months of life, they use their senses —hearing, sight, smell, taste and 6 to understand the world around them. Talking to and playing with babies helps their brains grow. Teenagers have brains that are full sized but still under development, 7 the part at the front left of the brain. This part controls behaviour and decision making. Sport, studying and 8 activities help us improve it. An adult brain can play, solve problems and make decisions better than a teenage one can. A．amazing   B．mistake   C． operates   D．controls   E. joke What has billions of parts while weighing only 1.4 kilograms? If you think that it’s a minicomputer, think again. The correct answer is “the human brain.” Your brain is powerful. It allows you to ride a bike, read a book, laugh at a 1 and remember your friend’s phone number. And that’s just for starters. Your brain also 2 your emotions, sleep and breathing. The 3 brain is often compared to (被比作) a computer. Both need energy to function. Plug (插电源) your computer into the wall and then push a button, and it will get the power it needs to run. Pull out the plug and it will shut down. Your brain 4 in a different way. It gets its energy from the food you eat. Unlike a computer, your brain has no switch. Even when you are asleep, your brain is active. A．fixing   B．properly   C． thoughts   D．types   E. luckily There are still some other similarities between a human brain and a computer. Although computers and brains are powered by different 5 of energy, they both use electrical messages to send information. Computers and brains both have memory and the ability to learn new tasks, as well as to observe their environment and respond 6 . However, repairing the brain is far more challenging than 7 a computer. And perhaps the biggest difference between the two is that most computers do not have emotions, dreams or 8 —some of the most important things that make us human. 2 / 13 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 The human brain 条件状语从句（单元核心语法精练） 常见引导词 结构特点 时态规则 典型例句 注意事项 if（如果）、unless（除非，=if not） 1. 主句 + if/unless 从句； 2. if/unless 从句 +，+ 主句 从句：一般现在时；主句：一般将来时、情态动词（can/may/must）或祈使句 1. If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（如果明天下雨，我们会待在家。）2. You won't pass the exam unless you study hard.（除非你努力学习，否则你不会通过考试。） 1. unless 不可与 not 连用（避免双重否定，如不能说 “unless you don't study”）； 2. 从句用 “一般现在时” 表将来，不用 “will + 动词原形”（如不能说 “If it will rain...”） as long as（只要）、on condition that（条件是） 主句 + 从句 / 从句 +，+ 主句 从句一般现在时，主句将来时 / 情态动词 / 祈使句 1. As long as you keep practicing, you will speak English well.（只要你坚持练习，你英语会说得很好。） 2. I will help you on condition that you finish your homework first.（我会帮你，条件是你先完成作业。） 1. 引导词侧重 “前提条件”，需结合语境区分（如 as long as 强调 “只要满足某条件就可实现”）； 2. 用法与 if 一致，可替换 if 理解，但语气更具体 一、单项选择 1．It’s 7:45 a. m. You will be late ________ you take a taxi. A．so B．unless C．since D．while 【答案】B 【详解】句意：现在是早上7点45分。除非你乘坐出租车，否则你会迟到。 考查连词辨析。so如此；unless除非；since因为；while当……时候。根据“you take a taxi.”可知，后半句是条件，表示如果不坐出租车就会迟到。unless引导条件状语从句。故选B。 2．Simon, you can buy the computer ________ you like it. A．as long as B．after C．but D．so 【答案】A 【详解】句意：西蒙，只要你喜欢，你可以买这台电脑。 考查连词辨析。as long as只要；after在……之后；but但是；so因此。根据“you can buy the computer...you like it”可知，此处表达的意思是只要你喜欢，可以买这台电脑。故选A。 3．We will succeed ________ we keep on trying. A．as soon as B．as long as C．as far as D．as hard as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：只要我们坚持尝试，就会成功。 考查连词辨析。as soon as 一……就……；as long as只要；as far as就……而言；as hard as和……一样努力。分析句子结构和语义可知，前半句“成功”是后半句“坚持尝试”的结果，后半句“坚持尝试”是前半句“成功”的前提条件，故用“as long as”引导条件状语从句。故选B。 4．________ smart cities use more renewable energy in the future, the problem of air pollution won’t be greatly reduced. A．Since B．Because C．Although D．Unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：除非未来智能城市使用更多的可再生能源，否则空气污染问题将不会得到大幅减少。 考查连词辨析。Since自……以来；Because因为；Although尽管；Unless除非。分析句子结构可知，此句是一个条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则。结合句意可知，除非有更多的可再生能源，否则空气污染问题不会减少。空处需表达否定条件，故选D。 5．You won’t make progress ________ you keep practicing every day. A．unless B．after C．because D．while 【答案】A 【详解】句意：除非你每天坚持练习，否则你不会取得进步。 考查连词辨析。unless除非；after在……之后；because因为；while当……时；然而。根据“You won’t make progress…you keep practicing every day”，可知此处表示“除非坚持练习，否则不会进步”，即“每天坚持练习”是“取得进步”的条件，需用unless引导条件状语从句，故选A。 6．I don’t know ________ it will be rainy on weekends, ________ it rains, I’ll stay at home. A．unless, if B．if, if C．if, whether D．whether, until 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我不知道周末是否会下雨，如果下雨，我就待在家里。 考查连词辨析。unless除非；if如果；whether是否；until直到。根据“I don’t know...it will be rainy on weekends”可知，不知道周末是否会下雨，因此第一空用if或whether引导宾语从句；根据“...it rains, I’ll stay at home.”可知，如果下雨就待在家里，第二空用if引导条件状语从句。故选B。 7．The students will have a football match if it ________ fine next Saturday. A．will be B．would be C．was D．is 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果下周六天气好的话，学生们将举行一场足球比赛。 考查条件状语从句。根据“The students will have a football match if it”可知，该句是if引导的条件状语从句，主句为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时表达，填“is”。故选D。 8．Go to help her if she ________ in trouble. A．is going B．will be C．comes D．is 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果她遇到麻烦就去帮助她。 考查条件状语从句。is going正在去；will be将是；comes来；is是。根据“Go to help her if she...in trouble.”可知，此处是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句是祈使句时，从句用一般现在时表将来；从句主语是she，be动词用is；be in trouble表示“遇到麻烦”，固定短语。故选D。 9．Our school basketball team will win the next match if we ________ more. A．practiced B．practice C．will practice D．has practiced 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果我们多练习，我们校篮球队会赢得下一场比赛。 考查条件状语从句的时态。根据“Our school basketball team will win the next match if...more.”可知，此处是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时；从句主语是“we”，谓语动词用原形。故选B。 10．We will have a PE lesson indoors if it __________ tomorrow. A．rains B．has rained C．will rain D．is raining 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果明天下雨，我们将在室内上体育课。 考查条件状语从句的时态。此句为if引导的条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”。空处位于从句中，时态为一般现在时。主语为第三人称单数的it，谓语动词用三单形式的rains。故选A。 11．Good morning, and in case I ________ you, good afternoon, good evening, and good night! A．won't see B．wouldn't see C．don't see D．didn't see 【答案】C 【详解】句意：早上好，假如见不到你，就再祝你下午好、晚上好、晚安。 考查条件状语从句。分析句子可知，本句为in case“如果，万一”引导的条件状语从句，所以从句用一般现在时。故选C。 12．—I think nothing is difficult ______ we try our best to do it. —You’re quite right. A．as long as B．as soon as C．as well as D．as far as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我认为只要我们尽力去做，没有什么事情是困难的。——你说得很对。 考查条件状语从句。as long as只要；as soon as一……就……；as well as也；as far as就……而言。根据“I think nothing is difficult…we try our best”可知，只要我们尽力，没什么是困难的。故选A。 13．—She seems rather cold. —I think she’s shy. ________ you get to know her, you’ll find she’s a kind person. A．Unless B．Once C．Because D．Since 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——她似乎很冷淡。——我觉得她很害羞。一旦你了解了她，你就会发现她是一个善良的人。 考查连词辨析。Unless除非；Once一旦；Because因为；Since自从。根据“She seems rather cold.”以及“...you get to know her, you’ll find she’s a kind person.”可知此处是指一旦了解了她，就会发现她是一个善良的人。故选B。 14．You will fall in love with that city _________ you learn about it. A．since B．while C．before D．once 【答案】D 【详解】句意：一旦你了解了那座城市，你就会爱上它。 考查连词辨析。since自从；while然而；before在……之前；once一旦。根据“You will fall in love with that city”可知是一旦了解它，就会爱上它，应用once引导条件状语从句。故选D。 15．We will never know what goal we can achieve ________ we try our best. A．because B．unless C．but D．if 【答案】B 【详解】句意：除非我们尽力，否则我们永远不知道我们能实现什么目标。 考查连词辨析。because因为；unless除非；but但是；if如果。根据“we try our best”可知，是前一句的否定条件，除非尽力否则不知道能实现什么目标，故选B。 16．—Is your QQ account safe? —Yes, nobody can use it _________ they have the password. A．if B．when C．since D．unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你的QQ账号安全吗？——是的，没有人可以使用它除非他们有密码。 考查连词辨析。if如果，引导条件状语从句；when当……时，引导时间状语从句；since因为，引导原因状语从句；unless除非，引导条件状语从句。根据“nobody can use it”及“they have the password”可知，后一句是前一句的否定条件，因此unless符合句意，故选D。 17．________ it rains this Saturday, we’ll have a picnic in Century Park. A．If B．Unless C．Because D．When 【答案】B 【详解】句意：除非这周六下雨，否则我们将在世纪公园野餐。 考查从属连词辨析。If如果，引导条件状语从句；Unless除非，引导条件状语从句；Because因为，引导原因状语从句；When当……时候，引导时间状语从句。根据语境可知，此处表示只有在下雨这种情况下才不会去野餐，不下雨就会去，“unless”符合语境。故选B。 18．I’m not sure ________ he will win the competition or not. ________ he wins, he will get the chance to enter the league. A．if, If B．whether, Whether C．if, Whether D．whether, If 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我不确定他是否会赢得比赛。如果他赢了，他将有机会进入联盟。 考查宾语从句和状语从句。if如果，是否；whether是否。第一空所在句子为宾语从句，根据“I’m not sure”可知，表示不确定他是否会赢得比赛，空处表示“是否”，后面有or not，用whether；第二空所在句子为状语从句，“他赢了”是“他将有机会进入联盟”的前提条件，用if“如果”引导条件状语从句。故选D。 19．I really don’t know if he ________ tomorrow. If he ________, please tell me. A．comes, will come B．comes, comes C．will come, comes D．will come, will come 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我不知道他明天是否来。如果他来，请告诉我。 考查动词时态。分析句子结构，前句为if引导的宾语从句，主句为一般现在时，从句不限制时态，再结合时间状语tomorrow“明天”可知，从句时态应为一般将来时，其结构为“will do sth.”；后句为if引导的条件状语从句，从句时态应用一般现在时，且从句主语he为第三人称单数形式，应用其对应的动词三单形式comes作谓语。故选C。 20．________ you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty. A．While B．Once C．Though D．Unless 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一旦你理解了这条规则，你就不会再有困难了。 考查连词辨析。While当……的时候，引导时间状语从句；Once一旦……就……，引导条件（时间）状语从句；Though虽然，尽管，引导让步状语从句；Unless除非，如果不，引导否定的条件状语从句。根据句意可知，前句是表示条件，后句是表示在这种条件下出现的结果，应用Once。故选A。 二、单词拼写 1．If our government doesn’t pay attention to the safety of food, our health (be) in danger. 【答案】will be 【详解】句意：如果我们的政府不注意食品安全，我们的健康将会处于危险之中。if引导条件状语从句遵循主将从现原则，主句用一般将来时，构成为will do。故填will be。 2．If you don’t catch up, you’ll be out. (leave) 【答案】left 【详解】句意：如果你赶不上，你就会被遗漏。leave out“遗留，遗漏”。根据句意可知，含有if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，该处表被动，所以该空要填过去分词。故填left。 3．If it (rain) tomorrow, they won’t go out. 【答案】rains 【详解】句意：如果明天下雨，他们就不会出门。if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，主语是it，谓语动词用三单形式。故填rains。 4．You won’t improve your English unless you (work) hard at it. 【答案】work 【详解】句意：除非你努力学习英语，否则你不会提高你的英语水平。根据“won’t improve”可知，此句是一般将来时，在unless引导的条件状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。主语you是第二人称，所以动词用原形。故填work。 5．Unless you practice more, you won’t in winning the game. (success) 【答案】succeed 【详解】句意：除非你多加练习，否则就不会赢得比赛。won’t后接动词原形。success “成功”，名词，其动词形式为succeed。故填succeed。 6．You can have a day off unless the latest news (record) tomorrow. 【答案】is recorded 【详解】句意：你可以休息一天，除非明天要录制最新的新闻。主语“the latest news”与动词record之间是被动关系，此处用被动语态，句子是unless引导的条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”的结构，故从句用一般现在时的被动，主语是不可数名词，be动词用is，故填is recorded。 7．If (breathe) in, the virus will cause many deaths. 【答案】breathed 【详解】句意：如果病毒被吸入，那么它会造成很多死亡。根据句子结构，if引导条件状语从句，当主句的主语和从句的主语一致，或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词情况下，可以将从句中的主语和be动词省略。该句中，主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。breathe sth. in意为“吸入”，这里the virus是被吸入，与breathe“呼吸”之间为被动关系，完整句子为If it is breathed in, the virus will cause many deaths.，这里从句主语为it，谓语动词为is breathed，因此可以省略it is。故填breathed。 8．My mother says that I can’t play outside unless my homework (finish). 【答案】is finished 【详解】句意：我妈妈说，除非我的作业做完，否则我不能在外面玩。unless引导时间状语从句，用一般过去时；且主语my homework与动词finish之间是动宾关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态；主语是三单，be动词用is，finish的过去分词是finished。故填is finished。 9．Your personal information (steal) easily unless you are careful on the Internet. 【答案】will be stolen 【详解】句意：除非你在互联网上小心谨慎，否则你的个人信息很容易被窃取。分析句子结构，此处为unless引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句“unless you are careful on the Internet.”为一般现在时，表示假设条件，主句需用一般将来时，表示在条件成立时的结果。主语Your personal information与动词steal之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，因此用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will be+过去分词”，steal的过去分词是stolen。故填will be stolen。 10．The tickets (sell) out if you don’t order them as soon as possible. 【答案】will be sold 【详解】句意：如果你不尽快订购，票就要卖完了。根据“if you don’t order them as soon as possible”可知，if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句是一般现在时，主句是一般将来时。由于主语“The tickets”与“sell”是动宾关系，这里用一般将来时被动语态，selling的过去分词sold。故填will be sold。 三、完成句子 1．you, start, now, if, you, will, dinner, before, it, finish . 【答案】If you start now, you will finish it before dinner 【详解】分析句子可知，本句是含有if的条件状语从句。if“如果”；you作从句主语；start作从句谓语；now作状语；you作主句主语；will finish作主句谓语；it作宾语；before dinner“晚餐前”，放句末。故填If you start now, you will finish it before dinner“如果你现在开始，你会在晚饭前完成的”。 2．Eat your breakfast, or you will get hungry at school.（rewrite the sentence with if） 【答案】If you don’t eat breakfast, you’ll get hungry at schools./You’ll get hungry at schools if you don’t eat breakfast. 【详解】句意：吃你的早餐，否则你在学校会饿的。分析句子可知，题干原句是动词原形开头的祈使句，or是并列连词，表“否则，要不然”。根据提示可知，此处让改写为if引导的条件状语从句，因此此处从句中应用否定结构，应改写为“If you don’t…, you will…”/“You’ll…if you don’t…”结构，即“如果你不…，你就会…” ，此结构常遵循主将从现原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。故填If you don’t eat breakfast, you’ll get hungry at schools./You’ll get hungry at schools if you don’t eat breakfast. 3．I will tell you; he will come here tomorrow. （用if连接） I you he here tomorrow. 【答案】 will tell if comes 【详解】句意：我将告诉你；他明天将来这里。本句要求用if连接，表示“如果他明天来这里，我就告诉你”，句子是if引导的条件状语从句，根据“主将从现”原则，主句用将来时will tell；从句用一般现在时，主语是he，谓语动词用三单comes。故填will；tell；if；comes。 4．Suzy will not succeed without his parents’ help.（改为复合句） his parents help her, Suzy will not succeed. 【答案】 If don’t 【详解】句意：没有父母的帮助，苏西不会成功。根据“Suzy will not succeed without his parents’ help”可知，没有父母的帮助，苏西不会成功，改成复合句时，可表达为“如果没有他父母的帮忙，苏西就不会成功”，此处应用if引导的条件状语从句，句子时态应遵循“主将从现”原则。“如果”if；根据“help”可知，从句已有谓语动词，此处表示否定，应用助动词+not，由于主语为复数，故助动词应用do，do not可缩写为don’t“没有”。故填If；don’t。 5．Unless the restaurant is too busy, we will get a table by the window. (保持句意不变) the restaurant too busy, we will get a table by the window. 【答案】 If isn’t 【详解】句意：除非这家餐馆太忙，否则我们要一张靠窗的桌子。unless“除非、如果不”，所以该句根据句意可以转化成“如果这家餐馆不是很忙……”，“如果”if，if引导的从句时态是一般现在时，“不是”isn’t。故填If；isn’t。 6．I will stay if it rains.（句意不变） I stay it rains. 【答案】 won’t unless 【详解】句意：如果下雨，我会留下来。此处可改为“除非下雨，否则我不会留下来”。unless“除非”，一般将来时的否定形式为won’t+动词原形。故填won’t；unless。 7．Frank won’t go to the party, if he doesn’t receive the invitation. (保持句意基本不变) Frank won’t go to the party, he the invitation. 【答案】 unless receives 【详解】句意：如果弗兰克没有收到邀请，他就不会去参加派对。原句“if he doesn’t receive the invitation”，用“unless”替换“if...not”后，从句要变成肯定形式“he receives the invitation”，此时“unless he receives the invitation”就表达“除非他收到邀请”，与原句意思相符。故填unless；receives。 8．You’ll fail the exam unless you work hard.（改为同义句） you work hard, you’ll fail the exam. 【答案】 If don’t 【详解】句意：除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。原句中的“unless”表示“除非”，相当于“if…not…”结构。因此，“You’ll fail the exam unless you work hard.”可以改写为“If you don’t work hard, you’ll fail the exam.”，两者都表示“如果不努力，就会考试不及格”。故填If；don’t。 9．happen, computers, our jobs, to us, if, what will, can do ? 【答案】What will happen to us if computers can do our jobs 【详解】根据问号和题干可知，此处是特殊疑问句，happen to sb“发生在某人身上”；What will happen to us“我们会发生什么事”；if引导条件状语从句；computers“计算机”，作主语；can do“会做”，作谓语；our jobs“我们的工作”，作宾语，故填What will happen to us if computers can do our jobs“如果计算机做我们的工作，我们会发生什么事”。 10．rarely, others, to, give a hand, need help, model students, if, refuse (连词成句) . 【答案】Model students rarely refuse to give a hand if others need help 【详解】根据所给单词和标点可知，句子是if引导的条件状语从句。Model students“模范学生”，作主语；rarely“很少”，副词；refuse to do“拒绝做某事”；give a hand“帮忙”，与to搭配，作宾语；if“如果”，引导条件状语从句；others“其他人”，从句的主语；need“需要”，从句的谓语；help“帮助”，从句的宾语。故填Model students rarely refuse to give a hand if others need help“模范学生在他人需要帮助时很少拒绝帮忙”。 四、选词填空 将下列单词填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。 A．damage         B．recognize    C． organize     D．literature     E. opposite What makes humans and our animal relatives different? A big beautiful brain. Human brain power has invented things such as art, language, 1 , machines and music. The list goes on, but there is still much we don’ t know about the brain. Just this month, scientists discovered that swimming in cold water could repair 2 to human brains. The brain has two connected parts called hemispheres (脑半球). Each one controls the 3 side of the body. The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and helps you 4 faces, images and music. The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body and focuses on language, logical (逻辑的) thinking and maths. A．action    B．especially     C． touch       D．early         E creative Our brain continues to develop into 5 adulthood. Babies learn quickly. In the first 18 months of life, they use their senses —hearing, sight, smell, taste and 6 to understand the world around them. Talking to and playing with babies helps their brains grow. Teenagers have brains that are full sized but still under development, 7 the part at the front left of the brain. This part controls behaviour and decision making. Sport, studying and 8 activities help us improve it. An adult brain can play, solve problems and make decisions better than a teenage one can. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．E 4．B 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类神奇的大脑。 1．句意：人类脑力已经发明了许多东西例如艺术，语言，文学，机器和音乐。根据“art, language”和“machines and music”可知此处应选同类事物，故选D。 2．句意：就在这个月，科学界发现在冷水里游泳能修复人类大脑的损伤。根据repair“修理”并结合备选项可知damage“损伤”符合语境，故选A。 3．句意：每一部分控制身体相反的一面。根据“The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body”并结合备选项可知opposite“相反的”符合语境，故选E。 4．句意：右脑半球控制身体左边并且帮助你识别脸，图像和音乐。根据“faces, images and music”并结合备选项可知recognize“识别”符合语境，故选B。 5．句意：我们的大脑持续发展到成年早期。根据“Our brain continues to develop into”和“adulthood”可知此处应表示时间，故选D。 6．句意：在生命的第一个18个月，他们使用他们的感觉——听觉，视觉，嗅觉，味觉和触觉。根据“senses”和“hearing, sight, smell, taste”可知此处也应填一种感觉，故选C。 7．句意：青少年有完全发育的大脑但是仍然处于开发中，尤其大脑的左前方部分。根据“Teenagers have brains that are full sized but still under development”和“the part at the front left of the brain”可知后者是前者的一部分，结合备选项可知副词especially“尤其”符合语境，故选B。 8．句意：运动，学习和创造性的活动帮助我们完善它。根据“activities”为名词可知此处应填形容词作定语，故选E。 A．amazing   B．mistake   C． operates   D．controls   E. joke What has billions of parts while weighing only 1.4 kilograms? If you think that it’s a minicomputer, think again. The correct answer is “the human brain.” Your brain is powerful. It allows you to ride a bike, read a book, laugh at a 1 and remember your friend’s phone number. And that’s just for starters. Your brain also 2 your emotions, sleep and breathing. The 3 brain is often compared to (被比作) a computer. Both need energy to function. Plug (插电源) your computer into the wall and then push a button, and it will get the power it needs to run. Pull out the plug and it will shut down. Your brain 4 in a different way. It gets its energy from the food you eat. Unlike a computer, your brain has no switch. Even when you are asleep, your brain is active. A．fixing   B．properly   C． thoughts   D．types   E. luckily There are still some other similarities between a human brain and a computer. Although computers and brains are powered by different 5 of energy, they both use electrical messages to send information. Computers and brains both have memory and the ability to learn new tasks, as well as to observe their environment and respond 6 . However, repairing the brain is far more challenging than 7 a computer. And perhaps the biggest difference between the two is that most computers do not have emotions, dreams or 8 —some of the most important things that make us human. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了人类的大脑。 1．句意：它可以让你骑自行车，看书，听笑话笑，记住你朋友的电话号码。根据“ laugh at a…”及备选词可知，此处指听笑话笑，joke“笑话”符合。故选E。 2．句意：你的大脑也控制着你的情绪、睡眠和呼吸。根据“Your brain also…your emotions, sleep and breathing.”的语境和常识及备选词可知，大脑控制着情绪、睡眠和呼吸，controls“控制”符合。故选D。 3．句意：令人惊叹的大脑经常被比作电脑。分析句子结构并结合备选词可知，此处应用形容词，作定语，修饰“brain”，amazing“令人惊叹的”符合。故选A。 4．句意：你的大脑以不同的方式运作。根据下文“It gets its energy from the food you eat. Unlike a computer, your brain has no switch. Even when you are asleep, your brain is active.”及备选词可知，大脑的运作方式与电脑不同，operates“操作，使运行”符合。故选C。 5．句意：尽管计算机和大脑由不同类型的能量驱动，但它们都使用电子信息来发送信息。根据“Although computers and brains are powered by different…of energy, they both use electrical messages to send information.”的语境及备选词可知，此处指计算机和大脑由不同类型的能量驱动，types“类型”符合。故选D。 6．句意：计算机和大脑都有记忆和学习新任务的能力，以及观察环境和做出正确反应的能力。根据“Computers and brains both have memory and the ability to learn new tasks, as well as to observe their environment and respond…”的语境及备选词可知，此处指做出正确反应，properly“适当地，正确地”符合。故选B。 7．句意：然而，修复大脑远比修理电脑更具挑战性。根据“repairing the brain”及备选词可知，此处指修理电脑，fixing“修理”符合。故选A。 8．句意：也许两者之间最大的区别是，大多数计算机没有情感、梦想和思维——这些是使我们成为人类的最重要的东西。根据“some of the most important things that make us human”及备选词可知，此处指情感、梦想和思维是使我们成为人类的最重要的东西，thoughts“思维”符合。故选C。 2 / 13 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $