精品解析：北京市第一六一中学2025-2026学年高一10月月考英语试题

北京市第一六一中学2025—2026学年第一学期10月阶段练习 高一英语 本试卷共6页，共150分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 听力理解（共三节，20分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话或独白后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话或独白你将听一遍。 例: What is the man going to read? A. A newspaper. B. A magazine. C. A book. 答案是A。 1. Which place is the woman looking for? A. A post office. B. The Art Gallery. C. The National Museum. 2. When will the man go to see the doctor? A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday. 3. Where are the two speakers? A. In a library. B. In a bookstore. C. At a supermarket. 4. What’s the man probably doing? A. Studying. B. Taking a test. C. Listening to music. 5. Why is the announcement made? A. To advertise a red car. B. To warn the visitors of the fire. C. To ask a driver to move the car. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 听下面4段对话。每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6. How old is the woman’s aunt? A. 30. B. 50. C. 62. 7. Who collects stamps? A. The woman’s aunt. B. The man’s father. C. The man. 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 8. Where is the woman? A. In her office. B. At the restaurant. C. At the airport. 9. What time will the two speakers probably meet? A At 11:00 a.m. B. At 11:30 a.m. C. At 2:00 p.m. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What does the man prefer? A. Visiting different places by ship. B Staying at a hotel by the seaside. C. Spending the holiday at home. 11. How does the man like the vacation last year? A. Expensive. B. Boring. C. Interesting. 12. What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers? A. Husband and wife. B. Travel agent and customer. C. Newspaper editor and reader. 听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。 13. What is the woman? A. Travel agent. B. Air hostess. C. Hotel manager. 14. What will the man first do when he arrives? A. Rent a car. B. Book a hotel. C. Find the driver. 15. How long will the man stay in London? A. 2 days. B. 4 days. C. 6 days. 第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 听下面一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。 Information on the City Science Center Opening Hours 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monday through Friday 9 a.m. to 16 p.m. on Saturday and Sunday Location 123 Jefferson Street, on the 17 end of World Theme Park Activities Current Exhibit: Discovering Dinosaurs Movie on Show: The Story of the 18 from this 19 to the end of this month Website www. 20 . com 第二部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Fleanor Love knows that weddings create a lot of leftover flowers. That means more opportunities for her to collect after-wedding bouquets (花束) and give them to her lonely hospital ___1___, many of whom don’t often have visitors, let alone expensive ___2___. The flowers are still in good shape, and the patients are pleased to have them. “I was so ___3___ that I cried,” said patient Connie Melzer, who was recovering from a heart problem when Love walked into her room with a bouquet in early 2020. Love worked at the Virginia Commonwealth University Hospital as a(n) ___4___ student. She wondered how she could help ___5___ the patients’ suffering besides learning how to treat them as a student doctor. “One of the ___6___ of being a medical student is that it can be very difficult to ___7___ to the care team,” said Love. “You are there as a learner, who doesn’t have as much knowledge as doctors. But you want to ___8___ your patients. How can I at this stage in my training make a(n) ___9___ for them?” In 2019, she started The Simple Sunflower in Richmond, and so far has ____10____ more than 760 bouquets to patients. She brought fellow students and other people into her project, and now has more than 200 ____11____ on the email list. When Love began the project, she called businesses such as wedding venues (场馆) and florists and asked them what events were scheduled. She then reached out to brides and grooms to ask them if they had ____12____ for their flowers after the big day. For each wedding, she organized a team of eight people who helped ____13____ the flowers when the party was over and then spent time carrying them to individual patients. People beyond the VCU community have heard about Love’s project and become part of it. “Once the word got out, people around the city started ____14____ us,” Love said. She wanted to bring the project to more cities and maybe open branches at other medical schools. “I feel ____15____ when I see the patients who receive our bouquets,” she said. “It reminds me why we do what we do.” 1. A. patients B. cleaners C. doctors D. nurses 2. A. cards B. fruits C. flowers D. cakes 3. A. tired B. moved C. worried D. bored 4. A. art B. law C. engineering D. medical 5. A. change B. accept C. improve D. reduce 6. A. dreams B. skills C. challenges D. exams 7. A. listen B. contribute C. respond D. adapt 8. A. help B. check C. study D. guide 9. A. difference B. choice C. impression D. decision 10. A. divided B. thrown C. delivered D. applied 11. A. customers B. volunteers C. managers D. teachers 12. A. means B. goals C. efforts D. plans 13. A. pick up B. hold up C. make up D. give up 14. A. greeting B. contacting C. trusting D. considering 15. A. stressed B. confident C. relaxed D. satisfied 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个叫Fleanor Love的医科学生，开展了一项活动，收集婚礼结束后剩下的鲜花，然后把鲜花送给生病住院的病人的故事。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着她有更多的机会在婚礼后收集花束，并把它们送给她孤独的医院病人，他们中的许多人不经常有访客，更不用说昂贵的鲜花了。A. patients病人；B. cleaners清洁工；C. doctors医生；D. nurses护士。根据语境和后文“and the patients are pleased to have them.”可知，此处指把鲜花送给病人。故选A项。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着她有更多的机会在婚后收集花束，并把它们送给她孤零零的医院病人，他们中的许多人不经常有访客，更不用说昂贵的鲜花了。A. cards贺卡；B. fruits水果；C. flowers花朵；D. cakes蛋糕。根据前文“collect after-wedding bouquets”和后文“The flowers are still in good shape, and the patients are pleased to have them.”可知，此处指许多病人得不到鲜花。故选C项。 【3题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意： 我感动得哭了。A. tired疲劳的；B. moved感动的；C. worried担忧的；D. bored厌烦的。根据前文“the patients are pleased to have them”以及后文“who was recovering from a heart problem when Love walked into her room with a bouquet in early 2020”可知，收到鲜花的病人Connie Melzer感动得哭了。故选B项。 【4题详解】 考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：Love是一名医科学生，在弗吉尼亚联邦大学医院工作。A. art艺术；B. law法律；C. engineering工程，工程学；D. medical医学的。根据前文“worked at the Virginia Commonwealth University Hospital”以及后文“as a student doctor”可知，Love是学习医科的学生。故选D项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她想知道，除了学习如何作为一名学生医生对待患者外，她还能如何帮助减轻患者的痛苦。A. change改变；B. accept接受；C. improve改善；D. reduce减少。根据常识和语境及后文“the patients’ suffering”可知，作为医护工作者，Love想要帮助减轻患者的痛苦。故选D项。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名医科学生的挑战之一就是很难为护理团队做出贡献。A. dreams梦想；B. skills技巧；C. challenges挑战；D. exams考试。根据后文“that it can be very difficult to ___7___ to the care team”可知，此处指“作为一名医科学生所遇到的挑战”。故选C项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名医科学生的挑战之一就是很难为护理团队做出贡献。A. listen听；B. contribute贡献；C. respond回应；D. adapt适应。根据语境及后文“You are there as a learner, who doesn’t have as much knowledge as doctors. But you want to ___8___ your patients.”可知，作为一名医科学生，也想为护理团队做出贡献，但是知识能力有限。故选B项。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是你想帮助你的病人。A. help帮助；B. check检查；C. study学习；D. guide指引。根据前文“One of the ___6___ of being a medical student is that it can be very difficult to ___7___ to the care team”以及“You are there as a learner, who doesn’t have as much knowledge as doctors.”的分析，结合语境及选项可知，作为一名医科学生，虽然知识能力有限，但是也想帮助病人。故选A项。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我训练的这个阶段，我怎样才能对他们有影响呢？A. difference差异；B. choice选择；C. impression印象；D. decision决定。根据前文“One of the ___6___ of being a medical student is that it can be very difficult to ___7___ to the care team”以及“You are there as a learner, who doesn’t have as much knowledge as doctors.”结合语境可知，作为一名医科学生，Love自知知识能力有限，但是也想帮助病人，因此，此处指她在这个实习阶段为病人做些什么，对他们产生影响。故选A项。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2019年，她在里士满创立了“简单向日葵”，迄今为止已为患者送去760多束鲜花。A. divided分开；B. thrown投掷；C. delivered递送；D. applied应用，申请。根据前文“That means more opportunities for her to collect after-wedding bouquets (花束) and give them to her lonely hospital ___1___”可知，Love组织的这个活动项目是给患者送花。故选C项。 【11题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她把同学和其他人带到她的项目中，现在电子邮件名单上有200多名志愿者。A. customers顾客；B. volunteers志愿者；C. managers经理；D. teachers教师。根据前文“She brought fellow students and other people into her project”可知，此处指参加这个项目的“志愿者”。故选B项。 【12题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，她向新娘和新郎伸出手来，询问他们是否打算在这重要的一天之后送花。A. means方法；B. goals目标；C. efforts努力；D. plans计划，打算。根据前文“she called businesses such as wedding venues (场馆) and florists and asked them what events were scheduled”，结合选项可知，Love在征求新郎新娘的意见，问他们是否打算把花送出去。故选D项。 【13题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于每一场婚礼，她都组织了一个由八个人组成的团队，在宴会结束后帮助捡拾鲜花，然后花时间将鲜花送到各个病人手中。A. pick up捡起；B. hold up举起，支撑；C. make up组成，编造；D. give up放弃。根据“the flowers when the party was over and then spent time carrying them to individual patients.”可知，Love组织一个团队去收集（捡拾）鲜花。故选A项。 【14题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意： Love说：“消息一传出，城市里的人们就开始联系我们。”。A. greeting问候；B. contacting联系；C. trusting信任；D. considering考虑。根据前文“People beyond the VCU community have heard about Love’s project and become part of it.”，结合语境可知，人们开始联系Love她们，并参与进来。故选B项。 【15题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“当我看到收到我们花束的病人时，我感到很满意，”她说。A. stressed紧张的；B. confident自信的；C. relaxed放松的；D. satisfied满意的。根据语境以及前文“You are there as a learner, who doesn’t have as much knowledge as doctors. But you want to ___8___ your patients. How can I at this stage in my training make a(n) ___9___ for them?”可知，帮助病人正是Love所想做的，所以看到病人们收到她们送的花时，她感到很满意。故选D项。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列句子，根据句子内容，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 16. Jack ________ (work) in the lab when the power cut happened. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was working 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：停电发生时，杰克正在实验室工作。此空考查谓语动词，主语Jack与work为主动关系，句中“when the power cut happened”是明确的“过去时间点”，这里强调“在过去某个瞬间，另一个动作正在进行”，符合过去进行时的用法；主语Jack是单数。故填was working。 17. I ________ (read) half of the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the weekend. (所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】have read 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这本英文小说我读了一半了，我将要努力在周末把它读完。由句意可知，到目前小说读到一半已经完成了，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，因此使用现在完成时，注意主谓一致。故填have read。 18. You’d better keep this card at hand ________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to make 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你最好把这张卡片放在手边，以便更容易与我们联系。“make it easier to get in touch with us”是“keep this card at hand”的目的，所以用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to make。 19. We all felt ________ (inspire) by the scientist’s spirit of never giving up. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】inspired 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：科学家永不放弃的精神让我们所有人都深受鼓舞。分析句子结构可知，空格处需填形容词作表语；inspired，意为“感到鼓舞的”，为形容词，通常修饰人，符合语境。故填inspired。 20. The Amazon valley is very important to the natural balance of the earth. Forty percent of the world’s oxygen ________ (produce) there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is produced 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：亚马逊河谷对地球的自然平衡非常重要。世界上40%的氧气都是在那里产生的。设空处为句子的谓语，结合is可知，此处陈述客观事实，时态应用一般现在时，主语Forty percent of the world’s oxygen和produce“生产”之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is produced。 21. If your T-shirt is ready, we ________ (deliver) it to you as soon as possible. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will deliver 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：如果你的T恤准备好了，我们会尽快把它寄给你。本句为“If”引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则（从句用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时）。故填will deliver。 22. Storytelling is one of the oldest and most powerful ways ________ (share) culture and values. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to share 【解析】 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：讲故事是分享文化与价值观最古老、最有力的方式之一。已有谓语动词is，share为非谓语动词，根据空前ways可知，此处是固定搭配“the way to do sth.”，意为“做某事的方式”。动词不定式to share作后置定语，修饰名词ways。故填to share。 23. Many young people find attending music festivals ________ (excite), with the loud music and energetic atmosphere. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】exciting 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：许多年轻人觉得参加音乐节令人兴奋，因为那里有喧闹的音乐和充满活力的氛围。设空处作宾语补足语，说明宾语attending music festivals的性质，结合“with the loud music and energetic atmosphere”可知，形容词exciting“令人兴奋的”符合语境。故填exciting。 24. My grandma was the last person ________ (know) about our family trip. We wanted to surprise her. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to know 【解析】 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我奶奶是最后一个知道我们家庭旅行的人。我们想给她一个惊喜。know在句中为非谓语动词，修饰名词短语the last person，名词前有“the first/last/only/best”等限定词时，常用不定式（to do）作后置定语，修饰该名词，此处“the last person to know ...”表示 “最后一个知道……的人”。故填to know。 25. I have to go to school by bus today because my bike ________ (repair). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being repaired 【解析】 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：今天我不得不乘公共汽车去上学，因为我的自行车正在修理。设空为because引导的原因状语从句的谓语，结合“I have to go to school by bus today”可知，此处表示自行车“正在被修理”，所以从句时态应用现在进行时，主语my bike与repair“修理”为被动关系，用现在进行时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is being repaired。 第三部分 阅读理解（共两节，40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Boy Made It! One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute. Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use. He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. If he didn’t, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him. Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could. By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could he huddled (蜷缩) in his cave and slept. The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn’t find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved. Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls’ survival show Man vs. Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode (一期节目) of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out. When Gxrylls heard about Nicholas’ amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive. 26. What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon? A. He got lost. B. He broke his skis. C. He hurt his eyes. D. He caught a cold. 27. How did Nicholas keep himself warm? A. He found a shelter. B. He lighted some branches. C. He kept on skiing. D. He built a snow cave. 28 On Tuesday’ Nicholas . A. returned to his shelter safely B. was saved by a searcher C. got stuck in the snow D. stayed where he was 29. Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he . A. did the right things in the dangerous situation B. watched Grylls’ TV program regularly C. created some tips for survival D. was very hard-working 【答案】26. A 27. D 28. B 29. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲的是一个小男孩在暴风雪中迷路，他不畏艰难，利用在电视中学到的野外生存知识逃脱困境的故事。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone!可知，还没等他明白过来，尼古拉就迷路了，孤独一人。所以Nicholas迷路了。故选A。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段Nicholas built a snow cave. 尼古拉斯建造了一个雪洞。和第四段Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could. 然后他把树枝堆在自己身上，像毯子一样，尽可能地保暖。可知，Nicholas保持温暖的方式是建了一个雪洞。故选D项。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.可知，周二，尼古拉斯再次外出寻求帮助。他已经走了大约一英里，这时一个志愿者找到了他。所以星期二的时候，Nicholas被一名志愿搜索者救了。故选B。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.可知，尼古拉成功了，这给他留下了深刻的印象，因为他比任何人都清楚尼古拉是如何努力来维持生命的 。由此判断出，尼古拉斯给格里尔留下了深刻的印象，因为他在危险的情况下做了正确的事情。故选A。 【点睛】 B Revolutionary TV Ears TV Ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing loss hear the television clearly without turning up the volume (音量) and now it’s better and more affordable than ever! With TV Ears wireless technology, you set your own headset volume, while other TV listeners hear the television at a volume level that’s comfortable for them. You can even listen through the headset only and put the TV on mute (静音) if the situation calls for a quiet environment —maybe the baby is sleeping. Or perhaps you are the only one who is interested in listening to the ballgame. TV Ears patented technology includes a revolutionary noise reduction ear tip, not used in any other commercially available headset. This tip reduces outside noise so that television dialogue is clear and understandable. Get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding customers. That’s why TV Ears has earned the trust and confidence of audiologists (听觉学家) nationwide as well as world-famous doctors. Doctor Recommended TV Ears! “My wife and I have used TV Ears almost daily for the past two years and find them a great help in our enjoyment of television . As a retired ear doctor, I heartily recommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing loss.” — Robert Forbes, M. D, CA Customer Recommended TV Ears! “ Now my husband can have the volume as loud as he needs and I can have the TV at my hearing level. TV Ears is so comfortable that Jack forgets he has them on ! He can once again hear and understand the dialogue.” — Darlene & Jack B, CA Risk Free Trial! TV Ears comes with a 30-day risk free trial. Special Offer — Now ＄59.95. If you’re not satisfied, return it. Money-back guarantee! Call now ! 800-123-7832 30. TV Ears helps you _____. A. improve your sleeping quality B. listen to TV without disturbing others C. change TV channels without difficulty D. become interested in ballgame programs 31. What makes TV Ears different from other headsets? A. It can easily set TV on mute. B. Its headset volume is adjustable. C. It has a new noise reduction car tip. D. It applies special wireless technology. 32. This advertisement is made more believable by _____. A. using recommendations B. offering reasons for this invention C. providing statistics. D. showing the results of experiments. 【答案】30. B 31. C 32. A 【解析】 【分析】本文是一则广告。文章介绍的是一个全新的“电视耳机”。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的With TV Ears wireless technology, you set your own headset volume, while other TV listeners hear the television at a volume level that’s comfortable for them.(使用电视耳机无线技术，您可以设置自己的耳机音量，而其他的电视听众则可以听到他们觉得舒适的音量)可知，这种新型电视耳机能保证自己听到电视的声音，同时还不会打扰到其他人。故选B。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的TV Ears patented technology includes a revolutionary noise reduction car tip, not used in any other commercially available headset.(电视耳机专利技术包括一个革命性的降噪耳塞，它没有被用于任何其他商业可用的耳机)可知，“电视耳机”包括一个全新的降噪耳塞，这是与其他商业可用耳机不一样的地方。故选C。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据文中方框中的Doctor Recommended TV Ears!及Customer Recommended TV Ears!可知，这则广告通过使用医生和顾客的推荐，让它更加可信。故选A。 【名师点拨】直接信息题 对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。比如第2小题，细节理解题根据第二段中的TV Ears patented technology includes a revolutionary noise reduction car tip, not used in any other commercially available headset.(电视耳机专利技术包括一个革命性的降噪耳塞，它没有被用于任何其他商业可用的耳机)可知，“电视耳机”包括一个全新的降噪耳塞，这是与其他商业可用耳机不一样的地方。故选C。 C Life in the Clear Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet---as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they’re eating it, or unless something is eating them.” And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through? It s trickier than you might think. The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily. But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don’t see it you see the things behind it. To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments (色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering. Animals are built of many different materials---skin, fat, and more---and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see-through. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-like (果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it. Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they’re doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear: for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white. 33. According to Paragraph 1,transparent animals . A. stay in groups B. can be easily damaged C. appear only in deep ocean D. are beautiful creatures 34. The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means . A. silently B. gradually C. regularly D. completely 35. One way for an animal to become transparent is to . A. change the direction of light travel B. gather materials to scatter light C. avoid the absorption of light D. grow bigger to stop light 36. The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals . A. move more slowly in deep water B. stay see-through even after death C. produce more tissues for their survival D. take effective action to reduce light spreading 【答案】33. B 34. D 35. C 36. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了生活在海洋的透明生物的特点，透明原理，以及形成机制。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三行“Mostof them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch”可知，透明动物是很容易受伤的。故选B。 【34题详解】 词义猜测题。该词出现在文章第三段第三行。前文提到了：你能看到的物体一种是对光线进行了散射；而另外一种是对光线的吸收。既然吸收了，那在光的传播过程中就完全阻止了，因此这里dead是完全的意思。故选D。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.”可知，想变透明就要避免散射或吸收光线，因此其中的一个方法是C选项，避免光线的吸收。故选C。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的“Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. ”可知，体型较大的透明动物面临的挑战最大，因为它们必须让体内所有不同的组织减缓光线的速度，就像减缓水的速度一样。由此判断出，他在最后一段告诉我们，更大的透明动物会采取有效的行动来减少光的扩散。故选D。 D Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.” A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard. The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines. Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction. 37. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may . A. run out of human control B. satisfy human’s real desires C command armies of killer robots D. work faster than a mathematician 38. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to . A. prevent themselves from being destroyed B. achieve their original goals independently C. do anything successfully with given orders D. beat humans in international chess matches 39. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to . A. help super intelligent machines work better B. be secure against evil human beings C. keep machines from being harmed D. avoid robots’ affecting the world 40. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines? A. It will disappear with the development of AI. B. It will get worse with human interference. C. It will be solved but with difficulty. D. It will stay for a decade. 【答案】37. A 38. A 39. D 40. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了人工智能，随着科技的发展，机器人可能会超出人类的控制，所以短文对人与机器人之间的关系进行了探讨。 【37题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.可知人工智能可能会出现的真正问题是AI会非常擅长取得某个成就而不是我们真正想要的东西，也就是说AI可能会超出人的控制去做一些事情，故选A。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence.可知，一台具有特定用途的机器还有另外一个特性，这个特性我们通常与生物联系在一起: 一种希望保持自身存在的愿望，也就是说，它具有有生命的物体的一种品质是因为它要保护自己不被破坏，继续存在下去，故选A。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world.可知可以用防火墙来回答那些困难的问题但是却永远不要让他们影响这个真正的现实世界，故选D。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy.可知作者认为解决人工智能机器的安全问题是可能的，但是并不容易，也就是很困难，故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. ____41____ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work? The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. ____42____ As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk. So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. ___43___ No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. ____44____ To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. ___45___ For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active. As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool. A. It all depends on your character. B Those are the risks you should jump to take. C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest. E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 【答案】41. F 42. C 43. A 44. E 45. G 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关． 【41题详解】 根据前文because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒。根据后文Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事。也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样．故F选项 “然而，我们并不是都使用相同的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”与上文为转折关系，且承接下文。故选F。 【42题详解】 根据前文Risk-takers were better at hunting，fighting，or exploring．喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去。故C选项“这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去”承接上文。故选C。 【43题详解】 根据前文So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it．也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要依据你的性格。故A选项“这要依据你的性格”承接上文。故选A。 【44题详解】 根据前文scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈。根据下文To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences.为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望。而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候。故E选项“这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候”承接上下文。故选E。 【45题详解】 根据下文For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样。故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应。故G选项“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑会以不同的方式工作” 承接下文。故选G。 第四部分 词汇知识（共两节，40分） 第一节 单词填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面句子，根据首字母或中文提示填写单词，并注意使用其正确形式。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 46. Most students find preparing for major exams very s________. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】stressful##tressful 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：大多数学生都觉得准备重要考试的压力很大。根据首字母提示以及句意可知，此处用形容词stressful作宾语补足语，修饰preparing for major exams，表示“压力大的”。故填stressful。 47. With online shopping, it is c________ for us to buy daily supplies without going out. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】convenient##onvenient 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：有了网购，我们不用出门就能买到日常用品，非常方便。根据句意和首字母可知，此空应填convenient，表“方便的”，为形容词，在本句中作表语，符合语境。故填convenient。 48. The box office of this movie has reached 10 billion yuan, which is far beyond e________. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】expectation##xpectation 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：这部电影的票房已达100亿元，远远超出预期。根据首字母提示e可知，此处应用名词expectation“预期”，作beyond的宾语。故填expectation。 49. The boss didn’t require the employees to work overtime, but some stayed late v________ to finish the urgent task. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】voluntarily##oluntarily 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：老板没有要求员工加班，但有些人自愿留下来加班以完成紧急任务。根据“The boss didn’t require the employees to work overtime”和“but some stayed late”以及首字母提示可知，此处指有人“自愿”留下来加班，应用副词voluntarily“自愿地”作状语，修饰动词stayed。故填voluntarily。 50. The job offer with good salary and a flexible working schedule sounds very a________ to her, so she has gladly accepted it. (根据首字母单词拼写) 【答案】attractive##ttractive##appealing##ppealing 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这份薪水优厚且工作时间灵活的工作邀约对她来说听起来很有吸引力，所以她欣然接受了。根据“with good salary and a flexible working schedule”以及“so she has gladly accepted it”可知，这份工作邀约是“有吸引力的”。此处sounds是系动词，后接形容词作表语。根据首字母提示，此空可填attractive或appealing，都是形容词，意为“有吸引力的”。故填attractive/ appealing。 51. To improve air quality, the government ________ (移走) several old factories from the urban area last year. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】removed 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：为了改善空气质量，政府去年从市区移走了几家旧工厂。空处为句子谓语，根据汉语提示“移走”可知，其英文为“remove”，结合句中时间状语“last year”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填removed。 52. The two leaders ________ (正式) shook hands to mark the start of cooperation. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】formally 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：两位领导人正式握手，标志着合作的开始。“正式”修饰动词shook，用副词formally作方式状语。故填formally。 53. I thought the task would be easy, but ________ (实际上) it was so tough that it took me a whole afternoon. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】actually 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：我本以为这项任务会很简单，但实际上它太难了，花了我整整一个下午。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“实际上”应用actually，为副词，在本句中作状语修饰句子。故填actually。 54. Logical thinking and creativity are important ________ (特征) for a successful software developer. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】characteristics 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：逻辑思维和创造力是成功软件开发人员的重要特征。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“特征”应用characteristic，为可数名词。结合主语“Logical thinking and creativity”（两种能力，表复数），这里需用复数形式作表语，即characteristics，符合“描述人具备的关键特质” 的语境。故填characteristics。 55. Though busy, he makes sure to keep his professional skills ________ (更新) by taking online courses. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】updated 【解析】 【详解】考查动词。句意：尽管很忙，他仍坚持通过在线课程学习，确保自己的专业技能保持更新。根据汉语提示“更新”可知，此处应用动词update，本句谓语为makes sure，此处为非谓语动词，keep的宾语为his professional skills，设空处应用非谓语动词，作宾语补足语，update与his professional skills之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词updated，作宾语补足语。故填updated。 第二节 短语填空（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分） 阅读下列句子，根据句子内容，选择恰当的短语填空，并注意使用其正确形式。 adapt to due to get ahead in person graduate from to be frank 56. I believe apologizing ________________ is more sincere than sending a message. 57. It took him half a year ________________ the hot weather in the south. 58. Keep practising every day and learning from mistakes. I believe you ________________ in your English learning. 59. The football match was canceled ________________ the heavy rain last Saturday. 60. After my elder brother ________________ Peking University in 2020, he started his own business. 【答案】56. in person 57. to adapt to 58. will get ahead 59. due to 60. graduated from 【解析】 【56题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：我认为当面道歉比发信息更真诚。根据“apologizing”及“is more sincere than sending a message”可知，此处指当面道歉比发信息更真诚，in person“当面，亲自”，固定短语，符合题意。故填in person。 【57题详解】 考查固定短语、动词不定式。句意：他花了半年时间才适应南方的炎热天气。根据“the hot weather in the south”可知，此处指他花了半年时间才适应南方的炎热天气，adapt to“适应”，固定短语，“It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.”表示“某人做某事需要多长时间”，空处应用adapt to的不定式，作真正的主语。故填to adapt to。 【58题详解】 考查固定短语、时态。句意：坚持每天练习，从错误中学习。我相信你会在英语学习中取得进步。根据“Keep practising every day and learning from mistakes.”及“in your English learning”可知，此处指坚持每天练习，从错误中学习，会在英语学习中取得进步，get ahead“取得进步”，符合题意，句子描述将来发生的事情，时态用一般将来时，谓语用will get ahead。故填will get ahead。 【59题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：由于上周六下大雨，足球赛取消了。本空前后之间是因果关系，此处指由于上周六下大雨，足球赛取消了，due to“由于”，符合题意。故填due to。 【60题详解】 考查固定短语、时态。句意：2020年我哥哥从北京大学毕业后，开始自己创业。根据“Peking University in 2020”可知，此处表示“从……毕业”，用固定短语graduate from，句子描述过去发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语应用过去式。故填graduated from。 第三节 翻译句子（共5小题；每小题4分，共20分） 用所给提示词或短语翻译下列句子。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 61. 我们学校有各种各样的课后活动。（a wide range of）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is a wide range of after-class activities in our school. 【解析】 【详解】考查there be句型、时态和主谓一致。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，“各种各样的”表达为a wide range of；“课后活动”是after-class activities ；此句表示“存在有……”，用there be句型，按照就近原则，be动词用is。故译为There is a wide range of after-class activities in our school. 62. 我父母打算这个周末带我去看望我的祖父母。(intend) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】My parents intend to take me to visit my grandparents this weekend. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词和名词。根据中文提示可知，表示“我父母”应用my parents，在本句中作主语；表示“打算”应用intend，时态用一般现在时强调当下的状态；表示“带我去看望我的祖父母”应用take me to visit my grandparents，为动词短语，且这里考查intend to do sth，表“打算做某事”，为固定搭配；表示“这个周末”应用this weekend，在本句中作时间状语。故翻译为My parents intend to take me to visit my grandparents this weekend. 63. 张山申请加入志愿者项目，成为了一所农村小学的教师。(apply) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Zhang Shan applied to join the volunteer project and became a teacher in a rural primary school. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、时态和介词短语。主语“张山”用专有名词Zhang Shan；谓语“申请”用动词apply，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时态applied；“加入志愿者项目”作宾语，用不定式短语to join the volunteer project表示；“成为”是并列谓语，用动词become，用and连接两个并列谓语动词，同样描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时态became；宾语“教师”用名词a teacher，“一所农村小学的”作后置定语，用介词短语in a rural primary school。综上，全句译为：Zhang Shan applied to join the volunteer project and became a teacher in a rural primary school. 64. 现在，很多人沉溺于各种各样的社交媒体。(addicted) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Nowadays, many people are addicted to various kinds of social media. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态、固定短语和名词。“现在”翻译为Nowadays，在句中作时间状语；“很多人”翻译为many people，在句中作主语；“沉溺于”用固定短语be addicted to，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语many people为复数，be动词用are；“各种各样的”翻译为various kinds of；“社交媒体”翻译为social media，其中media为复数名词。结合以上分析及固定搭配，故翻译为Nowadays, many people are addicted to various kinds of social media。 65. 虽然Mike和Ben是好朋友，但他们的生活方式差异很大。(differ) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although Mike and Ben are good friends, their lifestyles differ greatly. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、名词和让步状语从句。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般现在时表客观情况，表示“虽然”可用although，为连词，引导让步状语从句；表示“Mike和Ben是好朋友”应用Mike and Ben are good friends，为主系表结构，其中good friends为表语；表示“他们的生活方式”应用their lifestyles，作主语；表示“差异很大”应用differ greatly，其中greatly为副词作状语修饰动词differ。故翻译为Although Mike and Ben are good friends, their lifestyles differ greatly. 第五部分 书面表达（20分） 66. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他高中来到了一所新的学校就读，有些不适应，在学习和社交方面感觉到压力较大，向你求助。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1.表示理解并安慰； 2.推荐缓解压力的办法并说明理由。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Jim, I’m sorry to learn that you’ve been under a lot of pressure lately. It is natural to feel pressured when you attend a new school. Here are some suggestions that can help you deal with stress. First, try to build up your confidence. Study is a long-term process and confidence plays an important role in it. So never give up no matter what happens. Second, you should find your own strengths and weaknesses, and seek help from both teachers and classmates when facing difficulties and stress. Last but not least, doing more physical exercise can keep you fit as well as relax yourself. I hope you will get out of your trouble soon. I believe it will all work out. Cheer up! Let me know if I can help further. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Jim回复邮件，对他因学习压力很大感到苦恼表示理解，并提出建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 最近：lately→recently 压力：stress→pressure 重要的：important→vital 摆脱：get out of→get rid of 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：First, try to build up your confidence. Study is a long-term process and confidence plays an important role in it. 拓展句：First, try to build up your confidence because study is a long-term process and confidence plays an important role in it. 【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m sorry to learn that you’ve been under a lot of pressure lately. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] Last but not least, doing more physical exercise can keep you fit as well as relax yourself. (运用了动名词短语作主语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京市第一六一中学2025—2026学年第一学期10月阶段练习 高一英语 本试卷共6页，共150分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分 听力理解（共三节，20分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话或独白后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话或独白你将听一遍。 例: What is the man going to read? A. A newspaper. B. A magazine. C. A book. 答案是A。 1. Which place is the woman looking for? A. A post office. B. The Art Gallery. C. The National Museum. 2. When will the man go to see the doctor? A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday. 3. Where are the two speakers? A. In a library. B. In a bookstore. C. At a supermarket. 4. What’s the man probably doing? A. Studying. B. Taking a test. C. Listening to music. 5. Why is the announcement made? A. To advertise a red car. B. To warn the visitors of the fire. C. To ask a driver to move the car. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 听下面4段对话。每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6. How old is the woman’s aunt? A. 30. B. 50. C. 62. 7. Who collects stamps? A. The woman’s aunt. B. The man’s father. C. The man. 听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。 8. Where is the woman? A. In her office. B. At the restaurant. C. At the airport. 9. What time will the two speakers probably meet? A. At 11:00 a.m. B. At 11:30 a.m. C. At 2:00 p.m. 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。 10. What does the man prefer? A. Visiting different places by ship. B. Staying at a hotel by the seaside. C. Spending the holiday at home. 11. How does the man like the vacation last year? A. Expensive. B. Boring. C. Interesting. 12. What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers? A. Husband and wife. B. Travel agent and customer. C. Newspaper editor and reader. 听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。 13. What is the woman? A. Travel agent. B. Air hostess. C. Hotel manager. 14. What will the man first do when he arrives? A. Rent a car. B. Book a hotel. C. Find the driver. 15. How long will the man stay in London? A. 2 days. B. 4 days. C. 6 days. 第三节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分） 听下面一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。 Information on the City Science Center Opening Hours 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monday through Friday 9 a.m. to 16 p.m. on Saturday and Sunday Location 123 Jefferson Street, on the 17 end of World Theme Park Activities Current Exhibit: Discovering Dinosaurs Movie on Show: The Story of the 18 from this 19 to the end of this month Website www. 20 . com 第二部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Fleanor Love knows that weddings create a lot of leftover flowers. That means more opportunities for her to collect after-wedding bouquets (花束) and give them to her lonely hospital ___1___, many of whom don’t often have visitors, let alone expensive ___2___. The flowers are still in good shape, and the patients are pleased to have them. “I was so ___3___ that I cried,” said patient Connie Melzer, who was recovering from a heart problem when Love walked into her room with a bouquet in early 2020. Love worked at the Virginia Commonwealth University Hospital as a(n) ___4___ student. She wondered how she could help ___5___ the patients’ suffering besides learning how to treat them as a student doctor. “One of the ___6___ of being a medical student is that it can be very difficult to ___7___ to the care team,” said Love. “You are there as a learner, who doesn’t have as much knowledge as doctors. But you want to ___8___ your patients. How can I at this stage in my training make a(n) ___9___ for them?” In 2019, she started The Simple Sunflower in Richmond, and so far has ____10____ more than 760 bouquets to patients. She brought fellow students and other people into her project, and now has more than 200 ____11____ on the email list. When Love began the project, she called businesses such as wedding venues (场馆) and florists and asked them what events were scheduled. She then reached out to brides and grooms to ask them if they had ____12____ for their flowers after the big day. For each wedding, she organized a team of eight people who helped ____13____ the flowers when the party was over and then spent time carrying them to individual patients. People beyond the VCU community have heard about Love’s project and become part of it. “Once the word got out, people around the city started ____14____ us,” Love said. She wanted to bring the project to more cities and maybe open branches at other medical schools. “I feel ____15____ when I see the patients who receive our bouquets,” she said. “It reminds me why we do what we do.” 1. A. patients B. cleaners C. doctors D. nurses 2. A. cards B. fruits C. flowers D. cakes 3. A. tired B. moved C. worried D. bored 4. A. art B. law C. engineering D. medical 5. A. change B. accept C. improve D. reduce 6. A. dreams B. skills C. challenges D. exams 7. A. listen B. contribute C. respond D. adapt 8. A. help B. check C. study D. guide 9. A. difference B. choice C. impression D. decision 10. A. divided B. thrown C. delivered D. applied 11. A. customers B. volunteers C. managers D. teachers 12. A. means B. goals C. efforts D. plans 13. A. pick up B. hold up C. make up D. give up 14. A. greeting B. contacting C. trusting D. considering 15. A. stressed B. confident C. relaxed D. satisfied 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下列句子，根据句子内容，用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 16. Jack ________ (work) in the lab when the power cut happened. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17. I ________ (read) half of the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the weekend. (所给词的适当形式填空） 18. You’d better keep this card at hand ________ (make) it easier to get in touch with us. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19. We all felt ________ (inspire) by the scientist’s spirit of never giving up. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20. The Amazon valley is very important to the natural balance of the earth. Forty percent of the world’s oxygen ________ (produce) there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 21. If your T-shirt is ready, we ________ (deliver) it to you as soon as possible. (所给词的适当形式填空) 22. Storytelling is one of the oldest and most powerful ways ________ (share) culture and values. (所给词的适当形式填空) 23. Many young people find attending music festivals ________ (excite), with the loud music and energetic atmosphere. (所给词的适当形式填空) 24. My grandma was the last person ________ (know) about our family trip. We wanted to surprise her. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25. I have to go to school by bus today because my bike ________ (repair). (所给词的适当形式填空) 第三部分 阅读理解（共两节，40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Boy Made It! One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute. Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use. He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. If he didn’t, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him. Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could. By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could he huddled (蜷缩) in his cave and slept. The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn’t find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved. Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls’ survival show Man vs. Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode (一期节目) of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out. When Gxrylls heard about Nicholas’ amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive. 26. What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon? A. He got lost. B. He broke his skis. C. He hurt his eyes. D. He caught a cold. 27. How did Nicholas keep himself warm? A. He found a shelter. B. He lighted some branches. C. He kept on skiing. D. He built a snow cave. 28. On Tuesday’ Nicholas . A. returned to his shelter safely B. was saved by a searcher C. got stuck in the snow D. stayed where he was 29. Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he . A. did the right things in the dangerous situation B. watched Grylls’ TV program regularly C. created some tips for survival D. was very hard-working B Revolutionary TV Ears TV Ears has helped thousands of people with various degrees of hearing loss hear the television clearly without turning up the volume (音量) and now it’s better and more affordable than ever! With TV Ears wireless technology, you set your own headset volume, while other TV listeners hear the television at a volume level that’s comfortable for them. You can even listen through the headset only and put the TV on mute (静音) if the situation calls for a quiet environment —maybe the baby is sleeping. Or perhaps you are the only one who is interested in listening to the ballgame. TV Ears patented technology includes a revolutionary noise reduction ear tip, not used in any other commercially available headset. This tip reduces outside noise so that television dialogue is clear and understandable. Get the technology that has proven to help the most demanding customers. That’s why TV Ears has earned the trust and confidence of audiologists (听觉学家) nationwide as well as world-famous doctors. Doctor Recommended TV Ears! “My wife and I have used TV Ears almost daily for the past two years and find them a great help in our enjoyment of television . As a retired ear doctor, I heartily recommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing loss.” — Robert Forbes, M. D, CA Customer Recommended TV Ears! “ Now my husband can have the volume as loud as he needs and I can have the TV at my hearing level. TV Ears is so comfortable that Jack forgets he has them on ! He can once again hear and understand the dialogue.” — Darlene & Jack B, CA Risk Free Trial! TV Ears comes with a 30-day risk free trial. Special Offer — Now ＄59.95. If you’re not satisfied, return it. Money-back guarantee! Call now ! 800-123-7832 30. TV Ears helps you _____. A. improve your sleeping quality B listen to TV without disturbing others C. change TV channels without difficulty D. become interested in ballgame programs 31. What makes TV Ears different from other headsets? A. It can easily set TV on mute. B. Its headset volume is adjustable. C. It has a new noise reduction car tip. D. It applies special wireless technology. 32. This advertisement is made more believable by _____. A. using recommendations B. offering reasons for this invention C. providing statistics. D. showing the results of experiments. C Life in the Clear Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet---as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they’re eating it, or unless something is eating them.” And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through? It s trickier than you might think. The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily. But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don’t see it you see the things behind it. To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments (色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering. Animals are built of many different materials---skin, fat, and more---and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see-through. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-like (果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it. Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they’re doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear: for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white. 33. According to Paragraph 1,transparent animals . A. stay in groups B. can be easily damaged C. appear only in deep ocean D. are beautiful creatures 34. The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means . A. silently B. gradually C. regularly D. completely 35. One way for an animal to become transparent is to . A change the direction of light travel B. gather materials to scatter light C. avoid the absorption of light D. grow bigger to stop light 36. The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals . A move more slowly in deep water B. stay see-through even after death C. produce more tissues for their survival D. take effective action to reduce light spreading D Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.” A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard. The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines. Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction. 37. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may . A. run out of human control B. satisfy human’s real desires C. command armies of killer robots D. work faster than a mathematician 38. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to . A. prevent themselves from being destroyed B. achieve their original goals independently C. do anything successfully with given orders D. beat humans in international chess matches 39. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to . A. help super intelligent machines work better B. be secure against evil human beings C. keep machines from being harmed D. avoid robots’ affecting the world 40. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines? A. It will disappear with the development of AI. B. It will get worse with human interference. C. It will be solved but with difficulty. D. It will stay for a decade. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. ____41____ Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work? The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. ____42____ As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk. So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. ___43___ No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. ____44____ To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. ___45___ For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active. As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool. A. It all depends on your character. B Those are the risks you should jump to take. C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest. E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 第四部分 词汇知识（共两节，40分） 第一节 单词填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面句子，根据首字母或中文提示填写单词，并注意使用其正确形式。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 46. Most students find preparing for major exams very s________. (根据首字母单词拼写) 47. With online shopping, it is c________ for us to buy daily supplies without going out. (根据首字母单词拼写) 48. The box office of this movie has reached 10 billion yuan, which is far beyond e________. (根据首字母单词拼写) 49. The boss didn’t require the employees to work overtime, but some stayed late v________ to finish the urgent task. (根据首字母单词拼写) 50. The job offer with good salary and a flexible working schedule sounds very a________ to her, so she has gladly accepted it. (根据首字母单词拼写) 51. To improve air quality, the government ________ (移走) several old factories from the urban area last year. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 52. The two leaders ________ (正式) shook hands to mark the start of cooperation. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 53. I thought the task would be easy, but ________ (实际上) it was so tough that it took me a whole afternoon. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 54. Logical thinking and creativity are important ________ (特征) for a successful software developer. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 55. Though busy, he makes sure to keep his professional skills ________ (更新) by taking online courses. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 第二节 短语填空（共5小题；每小题1分，共5分） 阅读下列句子，根据句子内容，选择恰当的短语填空，并注意使用其正确形式。 adapt to due to get ahead in person graduate from to be frank 56. I believe apologizing ________________ is more sincere than sending a message. 57. It took him half a year ________________ the hot weather in the south. 58. Keep practising every day and learning from mistakes. I believe you ________________ in your English learning. 59. The football match was canceled ________________ the heavy rain last Saturday. 60. After my elder brother ________________ Peking University in 2020, he started his own business. 第三节 翻译句子（共5小题；每小题4分，共20分） 用所给提示词或短语翻译下列句子。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 61. 我们学校有各种各样的课后活动。（a wide range of）（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________ 62. 我父母打算这个周末带我去看望我的祖父母。(intend) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 63. 张山申请加入志愿者项目，成为了一所农村小学的教师。(apply) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 64. 现在，很多人沉溺于各种各样的社交媒体。(addicted) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 65. 虽然Mike和Ben是好朋友，但他们的生活方式差异很大。(differ) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 第五部分 书面表达（20分） 66. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你英国笔友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他高中来到了一所新的学校就读，有些不适应，在学习和社交方面感觉到压力较大，向你求助。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1.表示理解并安慰； 2.推荐缓解压力的办法并说明理由。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $