Unit 2 Topic 1 (核心必背知识清单）-2025-2026学年九年级英语上册单元复习与检测（仁爱科普版）

Unit 2 Saving the Earth Unit 2 Topic 1 阶段复习 1. 情境语篇过单词 中文翻译 西山的环境变迁与周太太的故事 两年前，康康的朋友简去过西山，那里一片混乱。山脚下有几个化工厂，正往小溪里倾倒废弃的废水，岸边连像样的草都没有，更别说蜜蜂和蝴蝶了，真是太可惜了！ 后来，附近村民反映，化工厂还产生难闻的气体，住在附近的周太太因此喉咙疼痛，甚至难以呼吸，胸口也常常不舒服。更糟糕的是，工厂的噪音让她夜里睡不好，长期下来，她的情绪很差，觉得这种环境让人难以忍受。 最近，政府重视了这个问题，关闭了违规工厂，还用新技术处理遗留的污染。现在的西山完全变了样：空气清新，溪水干净，能看到蜜蜂和蝴蝶在花丛中飞舞，之前被摧毁的植被也重新长了出来。 不过，我们也要警惕其他污染，比如在嘈杂环境中工作的人容易变聋，因为噪音会损害人的听力，甚至导致听力丧失。这种污染不仅打扰他人，还会让人感到不舒服和不愉快。我们应该分类处理垃圾，保护环境，让我们的行星地球变得更美好。 英语短文 The Environmental Change of West Hill and Mrs. Zhou’s Story Two years ago, Kangkang’s friend Jane went to West Hill. It was a total 1.___________. At the foot of the hill, there were 2. chemical factories 3.___________ 4.___________ water into the stream. There was no proper grass by the bank, let alone bees or butterflies. What a 5.___________! Later, villagers nearby reported that the factories also 6.___________ terrible gas. Mrs. Zhou, who lived nearby, had a 7.___________ in her throat and even found it hard to 8.___________. Her 9.___________ often felt uncomfortable, too. What was worse, the noise from the factories made her unable to sleep well at night. Over time, she was in a bad mood and thought the environment was 10.___________ to bear. 11.___________, the government paid attention to this problem. It closed the illegal factories and used new 12.___________ to deal with the remaining pollution. Now West Hill has completely changed: the air is fresh, the stream is clean, and you can see 13.___________ and 14.___________ dancing among the flowers. The vegetation that was 15.___________ before has grown back. However, we should also be alert to other pollution. For example, people working in noisy conditions easily go 16.___________, because noise harms people’s 17.___________ and even causes 18.___________ of hearing. This kind of pollution not only 19.___________ others but also makes people feel 20.___________ and 21.___________. We should 22.___________ the rubbish and protect the 23.___________ to make our 24.___________ Earth better. 2. 易考词汇变形归纳梳理 原形 变形 pollute (v. 污染) pollution (n. 污染) comfortable (adj. 舒服的) uncomfortable (adj. 不舒服的) harm (n./v. 伤害) harmful (adj. 有害的) hear (v. 听见) hearing (n. 听力) healthy (adj. 健康的) health (n. 健康) produce (v. 生产) production (n. 生产) recent (adj. 最近的) recently (adv. 最近) breath (n. 呼吸) breathe (v. 呼吸) 词汇变形综合检测 阅读短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺（每空一词）。 Last year, the small village near West Hill faced serious environmental problems. A chemical factory’s ___________ (produce) of waste gas made the air dirty. Local people said it was difficult to ___________ (breath) and many had ___________ (pain) throats. The factory also poured waste water into the river, so there were many ___________ (die) fish. What was worse, the noise from the factory made people feel ___________ (comfortable) and even harmed some elders’ ___________ (hear). ___________ (recent), the government took action. It stopped the factory’s illegal activities and used new ___________ (technology) to clean the river. Now the village is different: the air is fresh, and the river is clean again. People say the environment is no longer __________ (harm) to their ___________ (healthy). They plan to plant more trees to make their home greener. 1. 短语梳理 核心短语 中文含义 pour...into... 把…… 倒入…… cut down 砍倒（树木等） be harmful to 对…… 有害 do harm to 伤害；对…… 有害 in a bad mood 情绪不好 take steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事 deal with 处理；应对 lead to 导致；引起 in noisy conditions 在嘈杂环境中 短语综合检测 （1）单项选择 1.The chemical factory used to ______ waste water ______ the river, but now it has stopped. A. pour; into B. cut; down C. deal; with D. lead; to 2.Long-term stay in noisy places ______ great ______ to our hearing, so we should avoid it. A. does; harm B. is; harmful C. takes; steps D. makes; mood （2）选词填空 用方框中短语的适当形式填空，每词限用一次（有两项多余）。 be harmful to, cut down, take steps to, deal with, in a bad mood, lead to 3. The government has _________________ solve the air pollution problem. Now the air is much cleaner. 4. Too much use of chemicals in fields ________________ soil pollution, which is bad for crops. 5. People shouldn’t ________________ trees randomly, because trees help keep the air fresh. （3）句子翻译 6.工厂产生的噪音让周太太情绪不好，甚至难以入睡。（in a bad mood） ________________________________________________ 7.空气污染对我们的健康有害，我们应该采取措施应对它。（be harmful to, take steps to） ________________________________________________ 1. 【高分写作句型】角度1：描述 “过去与现在的环境对比” 1. 课文例句 过去：I went there two years ago. It was a mess. There were several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. 现在：Now it has become a beautiful place. The air is fresh and the water is clean, and you can see bees and butterflies dancing. 2. 仿写练习 过去：我三年前去过家乡的小河。它很脏，有很多垃圾漂浮在水面上，鱼儿几乎看不见。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 现在：现在它变干净了。岸边有很多树，河水清澈，还能看到孩子们在河边散步。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 【高分写作句型】阐述 “污染的原因与危害” 1. 课文例句 原因：The chemical factory produced terrible gas, and the bad air made my chest hurt. 危害：People who work and live in noisy conditions often go deaf.；Soil pollution led to unhealthy food. 2. 仿写练习 原因：城市里的汽车太多了，它们排放大量废气，让空气变脏。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 危害：污浊的空气让很多人喉咙痛，甚至难以呼吸。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 【高分写作句型】说明 “应对污染的措施” 1. 课文例句 政府措施：Luckily, the government has solved the problem.；They have used new technologies and have taken steps to deal with pollution. 个人措施：We should sort the rubbish and protect the environment. 2. 仿写练习 政府措施：政府已经采取措施减少社区噪音，关闭了附近的噪音工厂。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 个人措施：我们应该不在公共场合大声说话，帮助保护安静的环境。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 【高分写作句型】表达 “环保呼吁与展望” 1. 课文例句 With less pollution, our planet will become greener and our health will be better. Let’s be greener people. 2. 仿写练习 展望：随着更多人参与环保，我们的家乡会更美丽，生活也会更健康。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 呼吁：让我们一起努力，让地球成为更好的家园！ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 1. 语法精讲 本单元核心语法为一般过去时与现在完成时的对比运用，二者均涉及 “过去发生的动作”，但侧重点不同，是中考时态辨析的高频考点。 语法项目 核心定义 结构/标志词 一般过去时 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态（与现在无关） 结构：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 标志词：two years ago, before, last year, yesterday 现在完成时 表示过去动作对现在造成的影响 / 结果，或过去动作持续到现在 结构：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他 标志词：recently, already, yet, since, for, so far 二者对比 一般过去时：“只谈过去，不管现在” 现在完成时：“连接过去与现在” —— 2. 语法综合检测 （1）语法填空（用括号内动词的适当形式填空） 1.Mrs. Zhou __________ (have) a pain in her throat last month because of the bad air. Now she __________ (feel) better. 2.The river __________ (be) very dirty before, but recently it __________ (become) clean again. 3.—__________ you __________ (visit) West Hill? —Yes. I __________ (go) there two years ago, and I __________ (go) there again last week. （2）单项选择 4.—How long ______ the government ______ the pollution problem? —For half a year. Now it’s solved. A. did; solve B. has; solved C. does; solve D. will; solve 5.—______ you ______ Mrs. Zhou recently? —Yes. I met her last Sunday. She said she ______ much better. A. Have; seen; felt B. Did; see; felt C. Have; seen; has felt D. Did; see; has felt 话题综合训练 一、单项选择 1．—I need some help. Can you ________ the bananas for fruit salad? —Yes, Mum. But where’s the knife? A．cut down B．cut off C．cut up D．cut in 2．The football match was put off because of the ________ weather. A．wonderful B．exciting C．difficult D．awful 3．—We can see more blue skies now. —That’s because the government has tried many ways to ________ environment problems. A．work out B．put away C．pick up D．cut down 4．—It seems that nothing I do will ________ my father. —Come on! He is proud of you. He just wants you to be better. A．manage B．encourage C．satisfy D．pollute 5．What a ________! Tom, throw away the rubbish and tidy up your bedroom. A．matter B．mess C．trouble D．difficulty 6．—I’m going to Lhasa with friends tomorrow. —________. A．I’m sorry B．That’s no good C．That’s a shame D．Have a good trip 7．—I’m afraid e-books might ________ us, especially our eyes. —Hmm. But they will be useful for us as long as we put them to good use. A．be good for B．be friendly to C．be harmful to D．be helpful to 8．Mr. Lee was so poor that he couldn’t ________ a bike in the past, but now he has his own car. A．afford B．borrow C．manage D．produce 9．The little girl became _______ because of an accident. She can’t walk well. A．blind B．deaf C．lame D．foolish 10．These years, the price of food ________ so quickly. A．improves B．develops C．creates D．increases 二、完形填空 When the air in Beijing got “crazy bad”, as an American reporter described(描述), one could hardly even see others across the street. During the 11 , you can still make out (辨认出) the sun through the sky, but even at noon, the sun is just 12 a small white ball. Your clothes can get 13 after a day’s walking. Clothes 14 like in an airport smoking waiting-room. But it’s not just Beijing. On Monday, in Zhejiang Province, south of Shanghai, 800 miles away, a factory was 15 fire, but the air pollution was 16 bad that for three hours no one noticed the smoke coming out of the factory. To our surprise, Beijing or a town in Zhejiang Province couldn’t even 17 in China’s top 10 cities of the worst air pollution. It’s clear that air pollution has become one of China’s biggest problems. 18 can hurt everyone. Something 19 be done to do with the bad air. The Chinese government has taken the first, step to admit(承认) that it is a 20 . Beijing is able to make its air fresher, so people there can breathe a little easier soon. 11．A．day B．evening C．holiday D．week 12．A．on B．like C．for D．over 13．A．clean B．wet C．dry D．dirty 14．A．touch B．feel C．smell D．sound 15．A．on B．in C．at D．for 16．A．such B．too C．very D．so 17．A．arrive B．reach C．be D．get to 18．A．One B．It C．Ones D．They 19．A．may B．will C．would D．must 20．A．question B．beginning C．problem D．key 三、补全对话 A: Where have you been, Li Hai? I called you, but you weren’t in. B: 21 A: 22 B: I found that the factory was pouring waste water into the river near it. Lots of fish have died. A: 23 B: Do you think “Greener China” can do something? A: 24 If they know about this thing, they will prevent it. Let’s write to them at once. B: 25 I think everything will become better. A．What did you do there? B．Good idea. C．Yes, of course. D．That’s terrible. E．I’ve been to a chemical factory. 四、阅读理解 In most parts of the world, many students help their schools make less pollution. They join “environment clubs”. In an environment club, people work together to make our environment clean. Here are some things students often do. No-rubbish lunches. How much do you throw away alter lunch? Environment clubs ask students to bring their lunches in boxes that can be used again. Every week they will choose the classes that make the least rubbish and report them to the whole school! No-car day. On a no-car day, nobody comes to school in a car, not the students and not the teachers! Cars give pollution to our air, so remember: Walk, jump, bike or run. Use your legs! It’s lots of fun! Turn off the water! Do you know that some toilets can waste twenty to forty million tons of water a halt hour? In a year, that will fill a small river! In environment clubs, students mend those broken toilets. We love our environment. Let’s work together to make it clean. 26．Environment clubs ask students ________. A．to run to school every day B．to take exercise every day C．not to forget to take cars D．not to throw away lunch boxes 27．From the passage we know the students usually have lunch ________. A．at school B．in shops C．in clubs D．at home 28．On a no-car day, ________ will take a car to school. A．both students and teachers B．only students C．neither students nor teachers D．only teachers 29．After students mend toilets, they save ________. A．a small river B．much time C．a lot of water D．lots of money 30．The writer wrote the passage to ask students to ________. A．clean schools B．make less pollution C．join clubs D．help teachers 五、单词拼写 31．Have you seen Lucy (recent)? 32．Noise is (harm) to our hearing. 33．The earth is one of the (planet) in the solar system. 34．When I was walking in the street yesterday, I saw a UFO (fly) over my head. 35．Look! There is a little boy (play) soccer on the playground. 36．People who work and live in （noise）conditions may go deaf. 37．It was （report）that Liu Xiang would take part in the next Olympics. 38．Noise pollution can cause people （hear）loss. 39．Everything has (change) in their city. 六、选词填空 A组 根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。 make  deaf    too  green  noisy Noise pollution can make people 40.______________. For example, people may lose their hearing if they work in a 41.______________ place for a long time. Too much noise can cause high blood pressure, 42.______________. Walking for a long time in a strong ,changeable light may cause some kinds of diseases. It 43.______________ people feel terrible and is especially bad for the eyes. With less pollution, our planet will become 44.______________ and our health will be better. Let’s be greener people. B组 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。 report, visit, write, pour, pollute, disturb, die, drink, since, sheep, close, industry Dear editor, We two are students of Sunshine Middle School. Recently we have 45.______________ a chemical factory. The chemical factory is 46.______________ to a river which gives us 47.______________ water. But we found that the factory was 48.______________ waste water directly into the river. Now the water in it becomes very dirty. Lots of fish have 49.______________. Some farmers 50.______________ that some of their 51.______________ and cows have become ill. What’s worse, some have already died 52.______________ they drank the water from the river. Many people feel terrible and it’s hard for them to breathe. So we are 53.______________ to you to ask for help. We expect that you can do something about this. We think the chemical factory 54.______________ must be stopped right now.      Thank you! Yours, Liu Mei 七、完成句子 55．The villagers have polluted the river. (改为一般疑问句) the villagers the river? 56．I have lived here for three years.（对画线部分提问） have you lived here? 八、补全对话 A: Hello, Rate! You look so happy, what happened? B: Hi, Paul! I’ve got good news for us. A:57._______________________________________ B．Our teacher said she would take us to go on a school trip tomorrow. A: Really? 58._______________________________________ B．To the lake in the south of our town. A: Oh, no, that's not a good place for a school trip. B: 59._______________________________________ A: Because the water in the lake smells terrible. I went there last weekend. B: 60._____________________________________ It used to be beautiful place with flowers and grass, and the water was clean. A:61._______________________________________ There’s only rubbish left. B: How terrible! Let’s tell our teacher about it. A: OK, let’s go. 第 1 页 第 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 2 Saving the Earth Unit 2 Topic 1 阶段复习 1. 情境语篇过单词 中文翻译 西山的环境变迁与周太太的故事 两年前，康康的朋友简去过西山，那里一片混乱。山脚下有几个化工厂，正往小溪里倾倒废弃的废水，岸边连像样的草都没有，更别说蜜蜂和蝴蝶了，真是太可惜了！ 后来，附近村民反映，化工厂还产生难闻的气体，住在附近的周太太因此喉咙疼痛，甚至难以呼吸，胸口也常常不舒服。更糟糕的是，工厂的噪音让她夜里睡不好，长期下来，她的情绪很差，觉得这种环境让人难以忍受。 最近，政府重视了这个问题，关闭了违规工厂，还用新技术处理遗留的污染。现在的西山完全变了样：空气清新，溪水干净，能看到蜜蜂和蝴蝶在花丛中飞舞，之前被摧毁的植被也重新长了出来。 不过，我们也要警惕其他污染，比如在嘈杂环境中工作的人容易变聋，因为噪音会损害人的听力，甚至导致听力丧失。这种污染不仅打扰他人，还会让人感到不舒服和不愉快。我们应该分类处理垃圾，保护环境，让我们的行星地球变得更美好。 英语短文 The Environmental Change of West Hill and Mrs. Zhou’s Story Two years ago, Kangkang’s friend Jane went to West Hill. It was a total 1.___________. At the foot of the hill, there were 2. chemical factories 3.___________ 4.___________ water into the stream. There was no proper grass by the bank, let alone bees or butterflies. What a 5.___________! Later, villagers nearby reported that the factories also 6.___________ terrible gas. Mrs. Zhou, who lived nearby, had a 7.___________ in her throat and even found it hard to 8.___________. Her 9.___________ often felt uncomfortable, too. What was worse, the noise from the factories made her unable to sleep well at night. Over time, she was in a bad mood and thought the environment was 10.___________ to bear. 11.___________, the government paid attention to this problem. It closed the illegal factories and used new 12.___________ to deal with the remaining pollution. Now West Hill has completely changed: the air is fresh, the stream is clean, and you can see 13.___________ and 14.___________ dancing among the flowers. The vegetation that was 15.___________ before has grown back. However, we should also be alert to other pollution. For example, people working in noisy conditions easily go 16.___________, because noise harms people’s 17.___________ and even causes 18.___________ of hearing. This kind of pollution not only 19.___________ others but also makes people feel 20.___________ and 21.___________. We should 22.___________ the rubbish and protect the 23.___________ to make our 24.___________ Earth better. 【答案】 1.mess 2. several 3. pouring 4. waste 5. shame 6. produced 7. pain 8. breathe 9. chest 10. awful 11. Recently 12. technology 13. bees 14. butterflies 15. destroyed 16. deaf 17. hearing 18. loss 19. disturbs 20. uncomfortable 21. unpleasant 22. sort 23. environment 24. planet 2. 易考词汇变形归纳梳理 原形 变形 pollute (v. 污染) pollution (n. 污染) comfortable (adj. 舒服的) uncomfortable (adj. 不舒服的) harm (n./v. 伤害) harmful (adj. 有害的) hear (v. 听见) hearing (n. 听力) healthy (adj. 健康的) health (n. 健康) produce (v. 生产) production (n. 生产) recent (adj. 最近的) recently (adv. 最近) breath (n. 呼吸) breathe (v. 呼吸) 词汇变形综合检测 阅读短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整通顺（每空一词）。 Last year, the small village near West Hill faced serious environmental problems. A chemical factory’s ___________ (produce) of waste gas made the air dirty. Local people said it was difficult to ___________ (breath) and many had ___________ (pain) throats. The factory also poured waste water into the river, so there were many ___________ (die) fish. What was worse, the noise from the factory made people feel ___________ (comfortable) and even harmed some elders’ ___________ (hear). ___________ (recent), the government took action. It stopped the factory’s illegal activities and used new ___________ (technology) to clean the river. Now the village is different: the air is fresh, and the river is clean again. People say the environment is no longer __________ (harm) to their ___________ (healthy). They plan to plant more trees to make their home greener. 【答案】 1.production 2. breathe 3. painful 4. dead 5. uncomfortable 6. hearing 7. Recently 8. technology 9. harmful 10. health 1. 短语梳理 核心短语 中文含义 pour...into... 把…… 倒入…… cut down 砍倒（树木等） be harmful to 对…… 有害 do harm to 伤害；对…… 有害 in a bad mood 情绪不好 take steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事 deal with 处理；应对 lead to 导致；引起 in noisy conditions 在嘈杂环境中 短语综合检测 （1）单项选择 1.The chemical factory used to ______ waste water ______ the river, but now it has stopped. A. pour; into B. cut; down C. deal; with D. lead; to 2.Long-term stay in noisy places ______ great ______ to our hearing, so we should avoid it. A. does; harm B. is; harmful C. takes; steps D. makes; mood （2）选词填空 用方框中短语的适当形式填空，每词限用一次（有两项多余）。 be harmful to, cut down, take steps to, deal with, in a bad mood, lead to 3. The government has _________________ solve the air pollution problem. Now the air is much cleaner. 4. Too much use of chemicals in fields ________________ soil pollution, which is bad for crops. 5. People shouldn’t ________________ trees randomly, because trees help keep the air fresh. （3）句子翻译 6.工厂产生的噪音让周太太情绪不好，甚至难以入睡。（in a bad mood） ________________________________________________ 7.空气污染对我们的健康有害，我们应该采取措施应对它。（be harmful to, take steps to） ________________________________________________ 【答案】 1.A 2. A 3. taken steps to 4. leads to 5. cut down 6.The noise from the factory made Mrs. Zhou in a bad mood and even made it hard for her to sleep. 7.Air pollution is harmful to our health, and we should take steps to deal with it. 1. 【高分写作句型】角度1：描述 “过去与现在的环境对比” 1. 课文例句 过去：I went there two years ago. It was a mess. There were several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream. 现在：Now it has become a beautiful place. The air is fresh and the water is clean, and you can see bees and butterflies dancing. 2. 仿写练习 过去：我三年前去过家乡的小河。它很脏，有很多垃圾漂浮在水面上，鱼儿几乎看不见。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考例句】Three years ago, I went to the small river in my hometown. It was dirty. There was lots of rubbish floating on the water, and few fish could be seen. 现在：现在它变干净了。岸边有很多树，河水清澈，还能看到孩子们在河边散步。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考例句】Now it has become clean. There are many trees along the bank. The water is clear, and you can see children walking by the river. 2. 【高分写作句型】阐述 “污染的原因与危害” 1. 课文例句 原因：The chemical factory produced terrible gas, and the bad air made my chest hurt. 危害：People who work and live in noisy conditions often go deaf.；Soil pollution led to unhealthy food. 2. 仿写练习 原因：城市里的汽车太多了，它们排放大量废气，让空气变脏。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考例句】There are too many cars in the city. They produce lots of waste gas and make the air dirty. 危害：污浊的空气让很多人喉咙痛，甚至难以呼吸。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考例句】The dirty air makes many people have a painful throat and even find it hard to breathe. 3. 【高分写作句型】说明 “应对污染的措施” 1. 课文例句 政府措施：Luckily, the government has solved the problem.；They have used new technologies and have taken steps to deal with pollution. 个人措施：We should sort the rubbish and protect the environment. 2. 仿写练习 政府措施：政府已经采取措施减少社区噪音，关闭了附近的噪音工厂。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考例句】The government has taken steps to reduce noise in the community and closed the noisy factory nearby. 个人措施：我们应该不在公共场合大声说话，帮助保护安静的环境。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考例句】We should not speak loudly in public and help protect a quiet environment. 4. 【高分写作句型】表达 “环保呼吁与展望” 1. 课文例句 With less pollution, our planet will become greener and our health will be better. Let’s be greener people. 2. 仿写练习 展望：随着更多人参与环保，我们的家乡会更美丽，生活也会更健康。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考例句】With more people joining in environmental protection, our hometown will become more beautiful and our life will be healthier. 呼吁：让我们一起努力，让地球成为更好的家园！ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考例句】 Let’s work together to make the Earth a better place to live! 1. 语法精讲 本单元核心语法为一般过去时与现在完成时的对比运用，二者均涉及 “过去发生的动作”，但侧重点不同，是中考时态辨析的高频考点。 语法项目 核心定义 结构/标志词 一般过去时 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态（与现在无关） 结构：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 标志词：two years ago, before, last year, yesterday 现在完成时 表示过去动作对现在造成的影响 / 结果，或过去动作持续到现在 结构：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他 标志词：recently, already, yet, since, for, so far 二者对比 一般过去时：“只谈过去，不管现在” 现在完成时：“连接过去与现在” —— 2. 语法综合检测 （1）语法填空（用括号内动词的适当形式填空） 1.Mrs. Zhou __________ (have) a pain in her throat last month because of the bad air. Now she __________ (feel) better. 2.The river __________ (be) very dirty before, but recently it __________ (become) clean again. 3.—__________ you __________ (visit) West Hill? —Yes. I __________ (go) there two years ago, and I __________ (go) there again last week. （2）单项选择 4.—How long ______ the government ______ the pollution problem? —For half a year. Now it’s solved. A. did; solve B. has; solved C. does; solve D. will; solve 5.—______ you ______ Mrs. Zhou recently? —Yes. I met her last Sunday. She said she ______ much better. A. Have; seen; felt B. Did; see; felt C. Have; seen; has felt D. Did; see; has felt 【答案】1.had; feels 2. was; has become 3. Have; visited; went; went 4. B 5. A 话题综合训练 一、单项选择 1．—I need some help. Can you ________ the bananas for fruit salad? —Yes, Mum. But where’s the knife? A．cut down B．cut off C．cut up D．cut in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我需要一些帮助。你能把香蕉切碎用来做水果沙拉吗？——好的，妈妈。但是刀在哪里呢？ 考查动词短语。cut down砍倒，削减；cut off切断，中断；cut up切碎；cut in插嘴，超车抢道。根据“...the bananas for fruit salad”可知，为了做水果沙拉，需要把香蕉切碎，所以用“cut up”。故选C。 2．The football match was put off because of the ________ weather. A．wonderful B．exciting C．difficult D．awful 【答案】D 【详解】句意：那场足球比赛因为恶劣的天气而推迟了。 考查形容词辨析。wonderful精彩的；exciting让人激动的；difficult困难的；awful糟糕的。根据“The football match was put off”可知，比赛推迟说明天气应该是不好的。故选D。 3．—We can see more blue skies now. —That’s because the government has tried many ways to ________ environment problems. A．work out B．put away C．pick up D．cut down 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们现在可以看到更多的蓝天了。——这是因为政府已经尝试了很多方法来解决环境问题。 考查动词短语。work out解决；put away收起来；pick up捡起；cut down砍倒。根据“environment problems.”可知，这里是指解决环境问题。故选A。 4．—It seems that nothing I do will ________ my father. —Come on! He is proud of you. He just wants you to be better. A．manage B．encourage C．satisfy D．pollute 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——似乎我所做的一切都不能使我父亲满意。——加油！他为你感到骄傲。他只是想让你变得更好。 考查动词辨析。manage设法，管理；encourage鼓励；satisfy使满意；pollute污染。根据“nothing I do will … my father”可知，我努力想让父亲感到满意。故选C。 5．What a ________! Tom, throw away the rubbish and tidy up your bedroom. A．matter B．mess C．trouble D．difficulty 【答案】B 【详解】句意：真是一团糟！汤姆，扔掉垃圾，把你的卧室收拾一下。 考查名词辨析。matter事情；mess脏乱；trouble麻烦；difficulty困难。根据“...the rubbish and tidy up...”可知，空处应表达脏乱，不整洁之意。故选B。 6．—I’m going to Lhasa with friends tomorrow. —________. A．I’m sorry B．That’s no good C．That’s a shame D．Have a good trip 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——明天我将和朋友们去拉萨。——祝你旅途愉快。 考查情景交际。I’m sorry抱歉；That’s no good这不太好；That’s a shame那是遗憾的；Have a good trip祝你旅途愉快。根据“I’m going to Lhasa with friends tomorrow”可知此处应是祝福对方旅途愉快，故选D。 7．—I’m afraid e-books might ________ us, especially our eyes. —Hmm. But they will be useful for us as long as we put them to good use. A．be good for B．be friendly to C．be harmful to D．be helpful to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我担心电子书可能对我们有害，尤其是对我们的眼睛。——嗯。但只要我们好好利用它们，它们对我们就会有用。 考查形容词短语。be good for对……有好处；be friendly to对……友好；be harmful to对……有害；be helpful to对……有帮助。根据“I’m afraid e-books might..us, especially our eyes”可知担心电子书对我们有害。故选C。 8．Mr. Lee was so poor that he couldn’t ________ a bike in the past, but now he has his own car. A．afford B．borrow C．manage D．produce 【答案】A 【详解】句意：李先生在过去穷得买不起自行车，但现在他有了自己的汽车。 考查动词辨析。afford买得起；borrow借入；manage管理；produce制造。根据“Mr. Lee was so poor that he couldn’t...a bike in the past,”可知，以前穷得买不起自行车。故选A。 9．The little girl became _______ because of an accident. She can’t walk well. A．blind B．deaf C．lame D．foolish 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个小女孩因为一次事故而瘸了。她走路不好。 考查形容词辨析。blind失明的；deaf聋的；lame瘸的；foolish愚蠢的。根据“She can’t walk well.”可知，小女孩腿瘸了。故选C。 10．These years, the price of food ________ so quickly. A．improves B．develops C．creates D．increases 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这些年来，食品价格上涨如此之快。 考查动词辨析。improves提高；develops发展；creates创造；increases增长。根据“the price of food”可知此处指食品价格上涨。故选D。 二、完形填空 When the air in Beijing got “crazy bad”, as an American reporter described(描述), one could hardly even see others across the street. During the 11 , you can still make out (辨认出) the sun through the sky, but even at noon, the sun is just 12 a small white ball. Your clothes can get 13 after a day’s walking. Clothes 14 like in an airport smoking waiting-room. But it’s not just Beijing. On Monday, in Zhejiang Province, south of Shanghai, 800 miles away, a factory was 15 fire, but the air pollution was 16 bad that for three hours no one noticed the smoke coming out of the factory. To our surprise, Beijing or a town in Zhejiang Province couldn’t even 17 in China’s top 10 cities of the worst air pollution. It’s clear that air pollution has become one of China’s biggest problems. 18 can hurt everyone. Something 19 be done to do with the bad air. The Chinese government has taken the first, step to admit(承认) that it is a 20 . Beijing is able to make its air fresher, so people there can breathe a little easier soon. 11．A．day B．evening C．holiday D．week 12．A．on B．like C．for D．over 13．A．clean B．wet C．dry D．dirty 14．A．touch B．feel C．smell D．sound 15．A．on B．in C．at D．for 16．A．such B．too C．very D．so 17．A．arrive B．reach C．be D．get to 18．A．One B．It C．Ones D．They 19．A．may B．will C．would D．must 20．A．question B．beginning C．problem D．key 【答案】 11．A 12．B 13．D 14．C 15．A 16．D 17．C 18．B 19．D 20．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国一些城市的空气污染很严重。 11．句意：在白天，你仍然可以透过天空辨认出太阳，但即使在中午，太阳也像一个小白球。 day白天；evening晚上；holiday假期；week周。根据“you can still make out (辨认出) the sun through the sky”可知在白天可以看到太阳，故选A。 12．句意：在白天，你仍然可以透过天空辨认出太阳，但即使在中午，太阳也像一个小白球。 on在……上面；like像；for为了；over在……上。根据“ the sun is just...a small white ball.”可知此处是将太阳比喻成一个小白球，故选B。 13．句意：走了一天后你的衣服会弄脏的。 clean干净的；wet潮湿的；dry干燥的；dirty脏的。结合语境可知空气质量很差，所以人们在外面衣服会很容易变得很脏，故选D。 14．句意：衣服闻起来像机场候机室的烟味。 touch触摸；feel感觉；smell闻起来；sound听起来。根据“in an airport smoking waiting-room.”可知烟味是闻到的，故选C。 15．句意：周一，在800英里外的上海以南的浙江省，一家工厂着火了，但空气污染如此严重，以至于在三个小时里没有人注意到工厂里冒出的烟。 on在……上面；in在……里面；at在；for为了。固定短语on fire“着火”，故选A。 16．句意：周一，在800英里外的上海以南的浙江省，一家工厂着火了，但空气污染如此严重，以至于在三个小时里没有人注意到工厂里冒出的烟。 such如此，修饰名词；too太；very非常；so如此，修饰形容词/副词。根据“bad that for three hours”可知空后是形容词，是so...that引导的结果状语从句，故选D。 17．句意：令我们惊讶的是，北京或浙江的一个城镇甚至没有跻身中国空气污染最严重的10个城市之列。 arrive到达；reach到达；be表示状态；get to到达。根据“Beijing or a town in Zhejiang Province couldn’t even...in China’s top 10 cities of the worst air pollution”可知是指北京或浙江的一个城镇不在十大空气最差城市之列，be in表示“在……里面”，故选C。 18．句意：它会伤害到所有人。 One同类中不同个；It指上文提的单数名词；Ones是one的复数形式；They他们。此空是代指空气污染，应用it，故选B。 19．句意：必须采取措施来处理这种糟糕的空气。 may可能；will将要；would将；must必须。根据“Something...be done to do with the bad air.”结合语境可知，我们要必须要采取措施来处理这种糟糕的空气。故选D。 20．句意：中国政府已经迈出了第一步，承认这是一个问题。 question问题；beginning开始；problem难题；key钥匙。根据“step to admit(承认) that it is a”可知是指空气污染是一个问题，而且是待解决的问题，应用problem。故选C。 三、补全对话 A: Where have you been, Li Hai? I called you, but you weren’t in. B: 21 A: 22 B: I found that the factory was pouring waste water into the river near it. Lots of fish have died. A: 23 B: Do you think “Greener China” can do something? A: 24 If they know about this thing, they will prevent it. Let’s write to them at once. B: 25 I think everything will become better. A．What did you do there? B．Good idea. C．Yes, of course. D．That’s terrible. E．I’ve been to a chemical factory. 【答案】21．E 22．A 23．D 24．C 25．B 【导语】本文是A与B谈论关于河水污染的一则对话。 21．根据上文“Where have you been, Li Hai?”以及下文“I found that the factory was pouring waste water into the river near it.”可知，B去了一家工厂，并且发现这家工厂正在向附近的河里排放废水。E选项“我去过一个化工厂。”符合语境。故选E。 22．根据下文“I found that the factory was pouring waste water into the river near it. Lots of fish have died.”可知，此处应是A询问B在工厂做什么。A选项“你在那里做了什么？”符合语境。故选A。 23．根据上文“I found that the factory was pouring waste water into the river near it. Lots of fish have died.”可知，此处应表达A对工厂向河里排放废水的行为的评价。D选项“太可怕了。”符合语境。故选D。 24．根据上文“Do you think “Greener China” can do something?”以及下文“If they know about this thing, they will prevent it.”可知，此处应作肯定回答。C选项“是的，当然。”符合语境。故选C。 25．根据上文“Let’s write to them at once.”以及下文“I think everything will become better.”可知，此处应表达B赞同A的提议。B选项“好主意。”符合语境。故选B。 四、阅读理解 In most parts of the world, many students help their schools make less pollution. They join “environment clubs”. In an environment club, people work together to make our environment clean. Here are some things students often do. No-rubbish lunches. How much do you throw away alter lunch? Environment clubs ask students to bring their lunches in boxes that can be used again. Every week they will choose the classes that make the least rubbish and report them to the whole school! No-car day. On a no-car day, nobody comes to school in a car, not the students and not the teachers! Cars give pollution to our air, so remember: Walk, jump, bike or run. Use your legs! It’s lots of fun! Turn off the water! Do you know that some toilets can waste twenty to forty million tons of water a halt hour? In a year, that will fill a small river! In environment clubs, students mend those broken toilets. We love our environment. Let’s work together to make it clean. 26．Environment clubs ask students ________. A．to run to school every day B．to take exercise every day C．not to forget to take cars D．not to throw away lunch boxes 27．From the passage we know the students usually have lunch ________. A．at school B．in shops C．in clubs D．at home 28．On a no-car day, ________ will take a car to school. A．both students and teachers B．only students C．neither students nor teachers D．only teachers 29．After students mend toilets, they save ________. A．a small river B．much time C．a lot of water D．lots of money 30．The writer wrote the passage to ask students to ________. A．clean schools B．make less pollution C．join clubs D．help teachers 【答案】26．D 27．A 28．C 29．C 30．B 【导语】本文为记叙文，文章主要介绍了学生们加入环境俱乐部是为了让环境变得更干净，并就此提出了几条建议。 26．细节理解题。根据第二段“No-rubbish lunches. How much do you throw away alter lunch? Environment clubs ask students to bring their lunches in boxes that can be used again.”没有垃圾的午餐。午餐后你扔了多少？环境俱乐部要求学生将午餐装在可以再次使用的盒子里。由此可知，不要乱扔午餐盒，符合题意。故选D。 27．推理判断题。根据第二段“Here are some things students often do. No-rubbish lunches. How much do you throw away alter lunch? Environment clubs ask students to bring their lunches in boxes that can be used again.”以下是学生们经常做的一些事情。没有垃圾的午餐。午餐后你扔了多少？环境俱乐部要求学生将午餐装在可以再次使用的盒子里。由此可以推断出，学生在学校吃午餐。故选A。 28．细节理解题。根据第二段“On a no-car day, nobody comes to school in a car, not the students and not the teachers!”在无车日，没有人开车来学校，既没有学生，也没有老师！故选C。 29．推理判断题。根据第三段“Do you know that some toilets can waste twenty to forty million tons of water a halt hour? In a year, that will fill a small river! In environment clubs, students mend those broken toilets.”你知道有的厕所半小时能浪费20到4000万吨水吗？一年之内，一条小河就能填满！在环保俱乐部，学生们修补那些破烂的厕所。由此可以推断，学生修好厕所后，可以节约许多水。故选C。 30．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“We love our environment. Let’s work together to make it clean.”我们热爱我们的环境。让我们共同努力，让环境变得更干净。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是，要求学生减少污染，让环境变得干净。故选B。 五、单词拼写 31．Have you seen Lucy (recent)? 【答案】recently 【详解】句意：你最近见过露西吗？分析句子结构可知，此句主谓宾结构完整，所以此空应填副词recently表示“最近”，作状语。故填recently。 32．Noise is (harm) to our hearing. 【答案】harmful 【详解】句意：噪音对我们的听力有害。根据所给空前面的is可知，应该填的是形容词作表语，harm意为“伤害”，形容词形式是harmful“有害的”，故填harmful。 33．The earth is one of the (planet) in the solar system. 【答案】planets 【详解】句意：地球是太阳系中的行星之一。根据one of +名词复数，表示“……之一”，planety的复数是planets。故填planets。 34．When I was walking in the street yesterday, I saw a UFO (fly) over my head. 【答案】flying 【详解】句意：昨天我在街上散步的时候，我看到一个飞碟飞过我的头顶。根据“When I was walking in the street yesterday,”可知，此处是指在我散步时，看见一个飞碟正飞过我的头顶，用see ... doing sth“看见……正在做某事”，空处为现在分词作宾语补足语。故填flying。 35．Look! There is a little boy (play) soccer on the playground. 【答案】playing 【详解】句意：看！有个小男孩正在操场上踢足球。根据“There is a little boy...”可知，本句句型结构为There be sb. doing sth.，表示“有某人正在做某事”，故用doing形式，即playing。故填playing。 36．People who work and live in （noise）conditions may go deaf. 【答案】noisy 【详解】句意：在嘈杂环境中工作和生活的人可能会失聪。分析句子可知，此处用形容词修饰名词，noise的形容词形式为“noisy”，意为“嘈杂的”，形容词作定语。故填noisy。 37．It was （report）that Liu Xiang would take part in the next Olympics. 【答案】reported 【详解】句意：据报道刘翔会参加下一届奥运会。分析句子可知，it是形式主语，真正的主语是从句that Liu Xiang would take part in the next Olympics，和谓语report“报道”之间是被动关系，故此处填动词的过去分词和前面的be动词构成被动语态。故填reported。 38．Noise pollution can cause people （hear）loss. 【答案】hearing 【详解】句意：噪音污染会导致人们听力受损。分析句子可知，此处指的是“听力”，听力：hearing，名词。故填hearing。 39．Everything has (change) in their city. 【答案】changed 【详解】句意：他们城市的一切都变了。空前有has，此处动词用过去分词，构成现在完成时的结构，故填changed。 六、选词填空 A组 根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。 make  deaf    too  green  noisy Noise pollution can make people 40.______________. For example, people may lose their hearing if they work in a 41.______________ place for a long time. Too much noise can cause high blood pressure, 42.______________. Walking for a long time in a strong ,changeable light may cause some kinds of diseases. It 43.______________ people feel terrible and is especially bad for the eyes. With less pollution, our planet will become 44.______________ and our health will be better. Let’s be greener people. 【答案】40．deaf 41．noisy 42．too 43．makes 44．greener 【导语】本文讲述了噪音和光污染。 40．句意：噪音污染会导致人失聪。根据“For example, people may lose their hearing”和备选词汇可知，噪音会让人失聪，deaf符合句意，故填deaf。 41．句意：例如，如果人们长时间在嘈杂的地方工作，他们可能会失去听力。根据“place for a long time”和备选词汇可知，在吵闹的地方工作很长时间，noisy符合句意，故填noisy。 42．句意：噪音也会导致高血压。根据“Too much noise can cause high blood pressure”和备选词汇可知，噪音也会导致高血压，too符合句意，故填too。 43．句意：这会使人感觉很糟糕。根据“people feel terrible”和备选词汇可知，让人感觉糟糕，句子时态是一般现在时，主语是it，makes符合句意，故填makes。 44．句意：随着污染的减少，我们的地球将变得更加绿色，我们的健康将会更好。根据“With less pollution, our planet will become”和备选词汇可知，污染越少，我们星球会越环保，结合“our health will be better”，此处需要比较级，greener符合句意，故填greener。 B组 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。 report, visit, write, pour, pollute, disturb, die, drink, since, sheep, close, industry Dear editor, We two are students of Sunshine Middle School. Recently we have 45.______________ a chemical factory. The chemical factory is 46.______________ to a river which gives us 47.______________ water. But we found that the factory was 48.______________ waste water directly into the river. Now the water in it becomes very dirty. Lots of fish have 49.______________. Some farmers 50.______________ that some of their 51.______________ and cows have become ill. What’s worse, some have already died 52.______________ they drank the water from the river. Many people feel terrible and it’s hard for them to breathe. So we are 53.______________ to you to ask for help. We expect that you can do something about this. We think the chemical factory 54.______________ must be stopped right now.      Thank you! Yours, Liu Mei 【答案】 45．visited 46．close 47．drinking 48．pouring 49．died 50．report 51．sheep 52．since 53．writing 54．pollution 【导语】本文是一封书信。文章主要介绍了阳光中学的学生刘梅给编辑写了一封信，告知编辑他们最近参观了一家化工厂，该厂将污水直接排进河中，导致河水被污染，村名的牛羊也深受其害，刘梅写信寻求编辑的帮助，希望解决这个问题。 45．句意：最近我们参观了一家化工厂。此处缺少谓语动词，根据后面的“a chemical factory”一家化工厂，地点名词，结合单词选项可知，应选visit符合句意。结合“have”可知，时态为现在完成时。故填visited。 46．句意：这家化工厂靠近一条给我们提供饮用水的河流。固定搭配“be close to+名词”意为“接近……，靠近……”。符合句意。故填close。 47．句意：这家化工厂靠近一条给我们提供饮用水的河流。固定搭配“give sb. sth.”给某人提供某物，结合句意可知应是表达这条河流是给人们提供饮用水之意。饮用水的表达是“drinking water”。故填drinking。 48．句意：但是我们发现工厂把废水直接倒进了河里。固定搭配pour sth. into…“把某物倒进……”，结合句子题干及时态可知从句是过去进行时态，结构为was/were+doing，故填pouring。 49．句意：很多鱼死了。根据前句“Now the water in it becomes very dirty.”可知现在河里的水很脏，所以很多鱼死了，故选die。因脏水产生的影响，所以后句的时态是现在完成时，结构为“have done”。故填died。 50．句意：一些农民说他们其中的一些羊和牛生病了。根据题干分析可知主句缺少谓语动词，“that”引导的从句作宾语，故用report。陈述事实，主句时态用一般现在时，故填report。 51．句意：一些农民说他们其中的一些羊和牛生病了。根据题干可知从句中“some of”后面接名词复数，所以用sheep，因sheep单复数同形，故填sheep。 52．句意：更糟糕的是，有些牛羊喝了河里的水就已经死了。根据前句结构“have already died”可知此句是since引导的现在完成时。故填since。 53．句意：所以我们写信给你寻求帮助。根据固定搭配“write to sb.”给某人写信，结合题干分析可知句子时态现在进行时，结构为：be+v-ing，故填writing。 54．句意：我们认为化工厂污染必须马上被制止。根据“But we found that the factory was ... waste water directly into the river. Now the water in it becomes very dirty.”可知化工厂污染需要被制止，用名词pollution作主语。故填pollution。 七、完成句子 55．The villagers have polluted the river. (改为一般疑问句) the villagers the river? 【答案】 Have polluted 【详解】句意：村民们污染了这条河。句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”，改为一般疑问句，应将助动词have提至主语“the villagers”前，其后部分保持不变，且句首首字母要大写。故填Have；polluted。 56．I have lived here for three years.（对画线部分提问） have you lived here? 【答案】 How long 【详解】句意：我在这里住了三年了。划线部分表示时间段，对此提问用how long“多长时间”，句首单词首字母大写。故填How；long。 八、补全对话 A: Hello, Rate! You look so happy, what happened? B: Hi, Paul! I’ve got good news for us. A:57._______________________________________ B．Our teacher said she would take us to go on a school trip tomorrow. A: Really? 58._______________________________________ B．To the lake in the south of our town. A: Oh, no, that's not a good place for a school trip. B: 59._______________________________________ A: Because the water in the lake smells terrible. I went there last weekend. B: 60._____________________________________ It used to be beautiful place with flowers and grass, and the water was clean. A:61._______________________________________ There’s only rubbish left. B: How terrible! Let’s tell our teacher about it. A: OK, let’s go. 【答案】57．What is it ? 58．Where are we going?/Where shall we go? 59．Why? 60．I can hardly believe it. 61．But now everything has changed. 【分析】这个对话主要是AB两人通过谈论去哪里进行学校郊游，他们谈论了城镇的南部的污染情况。 57．根据上文“I’ve got good news for us”我有个好消息要告诉我们。可知下文是“What is it ?”它是什么？故填What is it ? 58．根据下文“To the lake in the south of our town”去我们镇南部的湖边。可知上文是“Where are we going?/Where shall we go?”你将去哪里？/你将去哪里？故填Where are we going?/Where shall we go? 59．根据下文“Because the water in the lake smells terrible. I went there last weekend”因为湖里的水闻起来很难闻。我上周末去了那里。对于because提问的要用why来提问。可知上文是“Why?”故填Why? 60．根据下文“It used to be beautiful place with flowers and grass, and the water was clean.”它曾经是一个美丽的地方，有花草，而且水很干净。可知这里是说曾经环境很好，现在环境很差了。可知上文“I can hardly believe it”我几乎不能相信它。故填I can hardly believe it. 61．根据下文“There’s only rubbish left.”只剩下垃圾了。可知现在的环境和以前比较变得很差了。可知上文是“But now everything has changed”但现在一切都变了。故填But now everything has changed. 第 1 页 第 2 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $