Unit 7 课时5 Section 4 Focusing culture,Cross-curricular connection,Project（分层作业）英语沪教版八年级上册

Unit 7 The secret of memory Section 4 Focusing culture, Cross-curricular connection, Project （分层练习） 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、单项选择 1.When preparing for the party, Mom asked me to buy a ______ kind of fruit—she said it must be fresh and from the local farm. A. particular B. similar C. different D. simple 2. Fresh vegetables like carrots and spinach ______ lots of vitamins that are good for our health. A. contain B. remain C. promise D. return 3.When reading a new word, it’s helpful to look at the ______ around it to guess its meaning. A. result B. reason C. problem D. context 4. If you want to remember English words well, it’s a good idea to ______ them several times a day. A. choose B. repeat C. return D. break 5.Our English teacher tells us to practice speaking English ______ —she says daily practice helps improve our skills fast. A. carelessly B. quietly A. regularly D. differently 6. It’s ______ for children to feel nervous on their first day of school—most kids have this feeling. A. expensive B. dangerous C. difficult D. normal 7.My grandma has a ______ recipe for making mooncakes—she never tells anyone how to make it. A. common B. strange C. particular D. secret 8. Can you help me ______ why my phone keeps turning off? I’ve tried many ways but failed. A. work out B. figure out C. take out D. give out 9.This app can help you edit photos to make the ______ look clearer and more beautiful. A. text B. image C. voice D. video 10. ______ Tom felt very tired, he still finished his homework on time. A. Even though B. As soon as C. So that D. Because of 二、根据首字母完成单词 1. When a tree is cut down, you can see many round r______ inside it. They can tell us how old the tree is.​ 2.My best friend shared a s______ with me—she’s planning to learn to play the piano next term.​ 3.Please c______ the number of students in our class. The teacher needs to know if everyone is here.​ 4.The c______ in Harbin is very cold in winter. People often wear thick coats and gloves outside.​ 5.This path is too n______ for two people to walk side by side. We have to go one after another.​ 6.Tomato is a c______ vegetable. We use it to make soup, salad and many other dishes.​ 7.The wallpaper has a lovely star p______. It makes the room look bright and happy.​ 8.If you don’t know the meaning of this word, try to guess it from the c______ of the passage.​ 9.This bottle can c______ 500 milliliters of water. It’s good for taking to school.​ 10.It’s n______ to make small mistakes when you learn a new language. Don’t be too hard on yourself.​ 三、用词的适当形式填空 1. He got _____________ (lose) in the desert. 2.Before so many choices, I really don’t know which _________________ (choose). 3. A mouse ___________ (run) away quickly if it ____________ (see) a cat. 4. If you ___________ (drop) a mirror, it ___________ (break). 5. If I _________ (see) him next time, I ________________ (tell) him how happy I am. 6. Eating ________ food like fruits and vegetables helps us live_________ every day.( healthy) 7.My little brother loves_________ books, and he often asks his teacher for _________ ways to grow flowers at home. （science） 8. Can you tell me the __________ of this English word? I think it will help me write a more __________ story for my homework.(mean) 9. It’s _________ to feel a little nervous before a test, and_________ I calm down by taking a deep breath.(normal) 10. My cousin likes _________very much, so she enjoys doing small__________ experiments at home with her parents’ help.( chemistry) 四、完成句子 1.她花了一个小时才弄明白这个新游戏怎么玩。 She_______ an hour ______ ______the new game. 2.尽管她觉得累，还是继续工作. She kept working _____ ______she felt tired. 3.当一棵树被砍倒时,你可以看到里面一些特别的东西:年轮。 When a tree ____ ___ ____, you can see ________ _______inside: rings 4.科学家可以通过观察树木年轮的图案来了解特定地区的气候变化情况。 Scientists can look at the tree ring patterns to _____ ______climate change in ____ _____ _______. 5. 树木的年轮也是自然灾害的记录。 _____ ______are  also a record of ______ _______.  五、短文填空 A 短文填词 Do trees have memories? It may sound strange, but they “store” memories in their rings. When a tree is cut down, these round marks inside hold 1.s_________ of the past.​ Every year, a tree adds a new ring. Scientists can 2. c________ rings to know the tree’s age. But rings also record climate: wide rings mean good growth (enough sun and rain), while narrow ones show little rain. This helps them learn climate 3. c_________ in a place over years.​ Tree rings also help find 4.n________ disaster details. For example, a black part on a ring often means a forest fire that year. Counting rings from the black spot tells when the fire happened and how common fires were.​ Even more surprisingly, rings help with human history. Scientists use their 5.p________ to date old buildings. With new tech, they study ring chemistry to find when the tree was cut down—this helped prove a Canadian Viking village was built in 1021 CE.​ It’s amazing that 6.s_________ trees can tell us so much about the past! B 语法填空 Dave Meko, a scientist at the University of Arizona, noticed that from 1999 to the following years it became drier and drier. And water levels in the huge Colorado River were dropping 1.________ (rapid). This was the 2. (begin) of a serious drought (干旱). Everyone began asking, “How long will it last?” Meko believed that he could find the answer in the trees. Meko is a tree-ring expert. He studies the rings within a tree to find information about climate change. Each year, a tree 3._________(add) a new layer of wood. These layers look like a series of rings. During times of heavy rainfall, a ring is wide. 4.__________ there is a shortage of water, a ring is narrow. These rings are nature’s record of rainfall and climate change. Meko and his team quickly started a new research project. Their goal was to find out how long previous droughts lasted. The team 5._________(collect) as many old wood samples as possible. They tested wood samples from 1,200 years ago until the present. When they examined the rings, the news about rainfall in the past was not good. Meko’s research showed that the 20th century was 6.__________ unusually wet time. Trees from this period had wide, 7.__________(health) rings. Rain was plentiful during that century, millions of people moved to the region. Before that time, however, the rings showed that droughts occurred on a regular basis. In fact, drought was part of the usual climate pattern. There were severe droughts in the 900s, the 1100s, and the late 1200s. Human history seems 8._________(support) Meko’s findings. The native Anasazi lived in this area 9.__________ hundreds of years, starting around 500 AD. They were farmers and depended on water to grow their crops. However, at the end of the 13th century, the Anasazi suddenly left the area. Experts do not know exactly 10.___________ the Anasazi left. They think it was because there was no longer enough water to farm. And Meko’s tree rings clearly show a serious drought at that time. How long will the current drought last? Using nature’s code from the past, experts predict that this drought may continue for another 50 years. 六、语法选择 A man’s mind is similar to a camera, but it takes photos not only of what we see but also of what we feel, hear, smell and taste. When we take 1 real photo with a camera, there is much to do before the photo is ready to show to our friends. In the same way there 2 much work to be done before we can keep a picture forever in our mind. Memory is the diary that we all carry around with us. We each have a memory. That’s why we can still remember things 3 a long time. Some people have such good memories that they can 4 learn many things by heart. But some people can only remember things when they say or do 5 again and again. Many great people of the world have got 6 memories. Good memories help them learn 7 than others and succeed. A good memory also 8 a lot in language learning. Everybody learns his own mother language by 9 what he hears when he is a small child. Some children live with their parents in foreign countries. They seem to learn two languages as easily as one 10 they hear, remember and speak two languages every day. In school it is difficult 11 a second language well. The students have so 12 time for it. They are busy with 13 subjects too. Then what can you do 14 your memory? If you do more and more exercises, your memory 15 better and better. 1 A. a B. an C. the D. / 2 A. is B. are C. has D. have 3 A. since B. at C. after D. before 4 A. easy B. easier C. easiest D. easily 5 A. their B. theirs C. them D. they 6 A. amazed B. amazing C. amaze D. amazingly 7 A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest 8 A. helps B. helping C. helped D. to help 9 A. remembers B. remembered C. remembering D. remember 10 A. but B. so C. unless D. because 11 A. learning B. to learn C. learns D. learned 12 A. little B. a little C. few D. a few 13 A. others B. other C. the other D. the others 14 A. to improve B. improving C. improved D. improves 15 A. becomes B. becoming C. became D. will become 八、完形填空 To take notes, you need to be able to do two things in a short time: first, you must understand the main topics; second, your hands must work as fast as your ears ___1____ you can write down as much information as possible. You don’t have to learn how to ____2_____ what you hear. But you need to practice a few ____3____ skills to help you to be ____4____ note-taking. Also, you should learn how to write only the most important words in short ____5____from each sentence without taking notice of the rest. In the old days, people sent telegrams to each other. When they did it, they had to pay by the word, and it cost much. That is why they sent very short telegrams which _____6____ only the most important words. Let’s ____7____ these two examples. “I’ll be arriving tomorrow, Monday, April 15, on TWA flight number 222, at JFK airport.” “Arrive 15th TWA 222 JFK.” Which will be more _____8____? When you take notes, you have a similar problem. Though it is not money, but ___9______. For that _____10____, it is a good idea to practice listening for only the most important sentences, and only the most important words in these sentences. 1.A.so that B. after C. because D. except for 2. A. copy down B. write down C. talk about D. look at 3. A. simple B. difficult C. funny D. tough 4. A. famous for B. interested in C. happy about D. good at 5. A. letters B. keys C. forms D. signs 6. A. besides B. included C. except D. instead 7. A. compare B. develop C. try D. practice 8. A. expensive B. necessary C. important D. possible 9. A. way B. distance C. skill D. time 10. A. result B. reason C. help D. problem 九、阅读理解 A Who would win in a competition to memorize numbers, a chimp（黑猩猩） or a teenager? The teenager? Think again. Scientists have proved that chimps perform better than human beings when it comes to this kind of problem. We may have to rethink what we believe about human memory. Memory is our ability to learn something, save it and recall it when needed. Our memories are important to our sense of self, our personalities, and our ability to understand the world. Scientists say that there are different types of memory. There is short-term memory and long-term memory. Your short-term memory saves information for a few seconds or a few minutes. For example, the time it takes to compare the prices of a few items in a store. Long-term memory involves the information you try hard to keep, because it’s meaningful to you (an example is data about family and friends. ) And then there is visual memory and sound memory. But these are not hard and fast: scientists argue a lot about the nature of memory. Scientists have also found that people memorize things in different ways. Some memorize better with the help of pictures. Others are helped more by sounds. One thing’s for sure. If you can combine different kinds of memory together, you will remember a lot! So why not try pictures with English words? At the same time listen to recordings of the same group of words. It may help when it comes to memorizing it. Imagination and association can be useful too. By imagination scientists mean picturing a word in your mind. Association means relating the word to something you already know. 1.What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A. Chimps are cleverer than human beings. B. Chimps can memorize numbers better than teenagers. C. Human memory is not as good as before. D. Chimps perform better than human beings in many aspects. 2.How many kinds of memory are mentioned in the article? A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five 3.According to the article, which of the following is the best way to memorize words? A. By watching TV. B. By listening to music. C. By writing them out many times. D. By listening and watching pictures. 4.What does the underlined word “relating” mean according to the passage? A.联系 B.猜测 C.结合 D.替代 5.According to the article, which of the following is TRUE? A. Memory is the most important ability for human beings. B. Long-term memory usually involves more important things. C. Scientists have made sure of the nature of memory. D. Imagination is better than association in memorizing things. B Have you ever been puzzled (困惑) by the fact that you forget what you’ve learned not long ago? We can find the answer from the forgetting curve (遗忘曲线), which was first discovered by a scientist named Hermann Ebbinghaus. Ebbinghaus carried out a lot of tests on himself. He learned many made-up words that had no real meanings. Then, he checked how much he could still remember at different time. The results were really surprising. He found that we are likely to forget much information right after learning. For example, just 20 minutes after learning, we may forget about 40% of the material. After one hour, nearly half of it is gone. This discovery is important for our study. When we learn new words, the forgetting curve can be a great guide. Suppose you learn 20 new English words in the morning. If you don’t review them, by the evening, you may only remember a few. But if you review them again 30 minutes after the first learning, then after one day, and then after one week, you’ll find you can remember them much better. Many students who follow this method find they can remember more words. The forgetting curve is also useful in other subjects. In history, when learning about important events, reviewing them at the right time can help us remember the facts clearly. In math, after learning a new formula (公式) , going over it according to the forgetting curve can make us use it more skillfully. However, many students still don’t know about the forgetting curve. They try to learn much knowledge quickly before exams without regular review. As a result, they forget most of what they learned soon after the exam. This not only leads to poor grades but also wastes their valuable time. Using the forgetting curve can bring a big change. It helps us make full use of our study time and turn our learning from short-term memory to long-term memory. 1.How much can we forget 20 minutes after learning according to Ebbinghaus’s tests? A. About 30%. B. About 40%. C. About 50%. D. About 60%. 2. How can the forgetting curve help in history learning? A. By helping us write long passages. B. By helping us remember math formulas. C. By helping us remember the facts clearly. D. By helping us talk with others about history. 3. What is the best title for the passage? A. How to Study for Exams Fast B. The Story of Hermann Ebbinghaus C. The Best Way to Remember New Words D. The Forgetting Curve: A Big Help for Learning 4. What can we know from the passage? A. Reviewing at any time is useless. B. Forgetting can be stopped if we study hard. C. The forgetting curve has advantages for learning. D. The forgetting curve is only good for learning words. C What can trees tell us about climate (气候) change? Quite a lot! Trees can keep a record of Earth’s climate for a very long time. In fact, trees can live for hundreds and sometimes even thousands of years! If you see a stump (树桩), you may find that the top of the stump has many rings. These rings can tell us how old the tree is, and what the weather was like during each year of the tree’s life. First year growth. The light-colored rings are wood that grew in the spring and early summer, while the dark rings are wood that grew in the late summer and fall. One light ring and one dark ring make one year of the tree’s life. Dry season. Rainy season. Tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and are thinner in years when it is cold and dry. If the tree has experienced hard times, such as a drought (干旱), the tree might hardly grow at all in those years. Scar (疤痕) from forest fire. In most places, daily weather records have only been kept for the past 100 years to 150 years. So, scientists can use trees to learn about the climate hundreds to thousands of years ago. 1.According to the poster, which part of a tree can record the climate? A. Its rings. B. Its leaves. C. Its roots. D. Its branches. 2.How old is the tree in the poster? A. About 14 years old. B. About 17 years old. C. About 19 years old. D. About 22 years old. 3.Dark rings would appear when the tree grew in_________. A. spring B. early summer C. fall D. late winter 4.Which tree lives in a warmer and wetter place? A. B. C. D. 5.Where might you see this poster? A. In someone’s back yard. B. At a bus station. C. On a website about the climate. D. In a report about a new study. 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 The secret of memory Section 4 Focusing culture, Cross-curricular connection, Project （分层练习） 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、单项选择 1.When preparing for the party, Mom asked me to buy a ______ kind of fruit—she said it must be fresh and from the local farm. A. particular B. similar C. different D. simple 【答案】A 【解析】句意：准备派对时，妈妈让我买一种特定的水果 —— 她说这种水果必须新鲜且产自当地农场。A. particular 特定的、具体的；B. similar 相似的；C. different 不同的；D. simple 简单的。根据 “she said it must be fresh and from the local farm”（她说必须新鲜且产自当地农场）可知，妈妈对要买的水果有明确要求，是 “特定的” 种类，“particular” 能准确表达 “指定的、特定的” 含义，其他选项均不符合语境，故选 A。 2. Fresh vegetables like carrots and spinach ______ lots of vitamins that are good for our health. A. contain B. remain C. promise D. return 【答案】A 【解析】句意：像胡萝卜和菠菜这样的新鲜蔬菜含有许多对我们健康有益的维生素。A. contain 含有、包含；B. remain 保持；C. promise 承诺；D. return 返回。根据 “lots of vitamins”（许多维生素）可知，此处指蔬菜 “含有” 维生素，“contain” 能准确表达 “包含某种成分” 的含义，其他选项均不符合语境，故选 A。 3.When reading a new word, it’s helpful to look at the ______ around it to guess its meaning. A. result B. reason C. problem D. context 【答案】D 【解析】句意：阅读生词时，查看它周围的语境来猜测词义是有帮助的。A. context 语境、上下文；B. result 结果；C. reason 原因；D. problem 问题。根据 “look at... around it to guess its meaning”（查看周围内容猜测词义）可知，此处指的是单词所在的 “语境”，“context” 符合语境，其他选项均无法表达 “语言环境” 的含义，故选 D。 4. If you want to remember English words well, it’s a good idea to ______ them several times a day. A. choose B. repeat C. return D. break 【答案】B 【解析】句意：如果你想学好英语单词，每天重复几次是个好办法。A. choose 选择B. repeat 重复；B. return 返回；D. break 打破根据 “remember English words well”（记好英语单词）可知，此处指通过 “重复” 来记忆，“repeat” 能准确表达 “多次做某事以加深记忆” 的含义，其他选项均不符合语境，故选 B。 5.Our English teacher tells us to practice speaking English ______ —she says daily practice helps improve our skills fast. A. carelessly B. quietly A. regularly D. differently 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们的英语老师告诉我们要定期练习说英语 —— 她说每天练习有助于快速提高我们的技能。regularly 定期地、经常地；quietly 安静地；carelessly 粗心地；differently 不同地。根据 “daily practice”（每天练习）可知，老师强调的是 “有规律、不间断” 地练习，“regularly” 能准确表达 “定期、持续” 的含义，其他选项均不符合语境，故选 C。 6. It’s ______ for children to feel nervous on their first day of school—most kids have this feeling. A. expensive B. dangerous C. difficult D. normal 【答案】D 【解析】句意：孩子们在开学第一天感到紧张是正常的 —— 大多数孩子都有这种感觉。 normal 正常的；dangerous 危险的；difficult 困难的；expensive 昂贵的。根据 “most kids have this feeling”（大多数孩子都有这种感觉）可知，这种紧张情绪是 “普遍、正常” 的，“normal” 能准确表达 “符合常规” 的含义，其他选项均不符合语境，故选D 。 7.My grandma has a ______ recipe for making mooncakes—she never tells anyone how to make it. A. common B. strange C. particular D. secret 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我奶奶有一个做月饼的秘方 —— 她从来不和任何人说怎么做。A. secret 秘密的、隐秘的；common 常见的；strange奇怪的；particular特别的，特定的。根据 “she never tells anyone how to make it”（她从不和任何人说做法）可知，这个食谱是 “秘密的”，“secret” 能准确表达 “不公开、保密” 的含义，其他选项均不符合 “不告知他人” 的语境，故选 D。 8. Can you help me ______ why my phone keeps turning off? I’ve tried many ways but failed. A. work out B. figure out C. take out D. give out 【答案】B 【解析】句意：你能帮我弄清楚我的手机为什么总是关机吗？我试了很多方法但都没成功 figure out 弄清楚、查明；work out算出（数学题等）；解决（问题）；take out 拿出；give out释放，发出，分发。根据 “why my phone keeps turning off”（手机为什么总关机）可知，此处指 “查明原因”，“figure out” 能准确表达 “弄明白原因” 的含义，其他选项均不符合语境，故选 B。 9.This app can help you edit photos to make the ______ look clearer and more beautiful. A. text B. image C. voice D. video 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这个应用程序可以帮你编辑照片，让图像看起来更清晰、更漂亮。A. text 文字；B. image 图像、影像；C. voice 声音；D. video 视频。根据 “edit photos”（编辑照片）可知，编辑照片是为了优化 “图像” 效果，“image” 符合语境；“text”（文字）、“voice”（声音）与照片无关，“video”（视频）和 “photos”（照片）不属于同一类别，故选 B。 10. ______ Tom felt very tired, he still finished his homework on time. A. Even though B. As soon as C. So that D. Because of 【答案】A 【解析】句意：尽管汤姆感觉非常累，但他仍然按时完成了作业。A. Even though 尽管、即使（引导让步状语从句，表转折）；B. As soon as 一…… 就……（引导时间状语从句）；C. So that 为了、以便（引导目的状语从句）；D. Because of 因为（后接名词或名词短语，不接句子）。根据 “felt very tired”（感觉累）和 “finished his homework on time”（按时完成作业）可知，前后句是转折关系，“Even though” 符合语境，其他选项均无法表达转折含义，故选 A。 二、根据首字母完成单词 1. When a tree is cut down, you can see many round r______ inside it. They can tell us how old the tree is.​ 2.My best friend shared a s______ with me—she’s planning to learn to play the piano next term.​ 3.Please c______ the number of students in our class. The teacher needs to know if everyone is here.​ 4.The c______ in Harbin is very cold in winter. People often wear thick coats and gloves outside.​ 5.This path is too n______ for two people to walk side by side. We have to go one after another.​ 6.Tomato is a c______ vegetable. We use it to make soup, salad and many other dishes.​ 7.The wallpaper has a lovely star p______. It makes the room look bright and happy.​ 8.If you don’t know the meaning of this word, try to guess it from the c______ of the passage.​ 9.This bottle can c______ 500 milliliters of water. It’s good for taking to school.​ 10.It’s n______ to make small mistakes when you learn a new language. Don’t be too hard on yourself.​ 【答案】1.ring 2.secret 3.count 4.climate 5.narrow 6.common 7.pattern 8.context 9.contain 10.normal 三、用词的适当形式填空 1. He got _____________ (lose) in the desert. 2.Before so many choices, I really don’t know which _________________ (choose). 3. A mouse ___________ (run) away quickly if it ____________ (see) a cat. 4. If you ___________ (drop) a mirror, it ___________ (break). 5. If I _________ (see) him next time, I ________________ (tell) him how happy I am. 6. Eating ________ food like fruits and vegetables helps us live_________ every day.( healthy) 7.My little brother loves_________ books, and he often asks his teacher for _________ ways to grow flowers at home. （science） 8. Can you tell me the __________ of this English word? I think it will help me write a more __________ story for my homework.(mean) 9. It’s _________ to feel a little nervous before a test, and_________ I calm down by taking a deep breath.(normal) 10. My cousin likes _________very much, so she enjoys doing small__________ experiments at home with her parents’ help.( chemistry) 【答案】1.lost 2. to choose 3.runs/will run sees 4.drops breaks 5.see will tell 6. healthy healthily 7.science scientific 8. meaning meaningful 9. normal normally 10. Chemistry chemical 四、完成句子 1.她花了一个小时才弄明白这个新游戏怎么玩。 She_______ an hour ______ ______the new game. 2.尽管她觉得累，还是继续工作. She kept working _____ ______she felt tired. 3.当一棵树被砍倒时,你可以看到里面一些特别的东西:年轮。 When a tree ____ ___ ____, you can see ________ _______inside: rings 4.科学家可以通过观察树木年轮的图案来了解特定地区的气候变化情况。 Scientists can look at the tree ring patterns to _____ ______climate change in ____ _____ _______. 5. 树木的年轮也是自然灾害的记录。 _____ ______are  also a record of ______ _______.  【答案】1.spent figuring out 2.even though 3.is cut down something special 4.learn about a particular place 5.Tree rings natural disaster 五、短文填空 A 短文填词 Do trees have memories? It may sound strange, but they “store” memories in their rings. When a tree is cut down, these round marks inside hold 1.s_________ of the past.​ Every year, a tree adds a new ring. Scientists can 2. c________ rings to know the tree’s age. But rings also record climate: wide rings mean good growth (enough sun and rain), while narrow ones show little rain. This helps them learn climate 3. c_________ in a place over years.​ Tree rings also help find 4.n________ disaster details. For example, a black part on a ring often means a forest fire that year. Counting rings from the black spot tells when the fire happened and how common fires were.​ Even more surprisingly, rings help with human history. Scientists use their 5.p________ to date old buildings. With new tech, they study ring chemistry to find when the tree was cut down—this helped prove a Canadian Viking village was built in 1021 CE.​ It’s amazing that 6.s_________ trees can tell us so much about the past! 【答案】1.secrets 2.count 3.change 4.natural 5.patterns 6.silent B 语法填空 Dave Meko, a scientist at the University of Arizona, noticed that from 1999 to the following years it became drier and drier. And water levels in the huge Colorado River were dropping 1.________ (rapid). This was the 2. (begin) of a serious drought (干旱). Everyone began asking, “How long will it last?” Meko believed that he could find the answer in the trees. Meko is a tree-ring expert. He studies the rings within a tree to find information about climate change. Each year, a tree 3._________(add) a new layer of wood. These layers look like a series of rings. During times of heavy rainfall, a ring is wide. 4.__________ there is a shortage of water, a ring is narrow. These rings are nature’s record of rainfall and climate change. Meko and his team quickly started a new research project. Their goal was to find out how long previous droughts lasted. The team 5._________(collect) as many old wood samples as possible. They tested wood samples from 1,200 years ago until the present. When they examined the rings, the news about rainfall in the past was not good. Meko’s research showed that the 20th century was 6.__________ unusually wet time. Trees from this period had wide, 7.__________(health) rings. Rain was plentiful during that century, millions of people moved to the region. Before that time, however, the rings showed that droughts occurred on a regular basis. In fact, drought was part of the usual climate pattern. There were severe droughts in the 900s, the 1100s, and the late 1200s. Human history seems 8._________(support) Meko’s findings. The native Anasazi lived in this area 9.__________ hundreds of years, starting around 500 AD. They were farmers and depended on water to grow their crops. However, at the end of the 13th century, the Anasazi suddenly left the area. Experts do not know exactly 10.___________ the Anasazi left. They think it was because there was no longer enough water to farm. And Meko’s tree rings clearly show a serious drought at that time. How long will the current drought last? Using nature’s code from the past, experts predict that this drought may continue for another 50 years. 【答案】1. rapidly 2.beginning 3.adds 4.When 5.collected 6.an 7.healthy 8.to support 9. for 10.why 六、语法选择 A man’s mind is similar to a camera, but it takes photos not only of what we see but also of what we feel, hear, smell and taste. When we take 1 real photo with a camera, there is much to do before the photo is ready to show to our friends. In the same way there 2 much work to be done before we can keep a picture forever in our mind. Memory is the diary that we all carry around with us. We each have a memory. That’s why we can still remember things 3 a long time. Some people have such good memories that they can 4 learn many things by heart. But some people can only remember things when they say or do 5 again and again. Many great people of the world have got 6 memories. Good memories help them learn 7 than others and succeed. A good memory also 8 a lot in language learning. Everybody learns his own mother language by 9 what he hears when he is a small child. Some children live with their parents in foreign countries. They seem to learn two languages as easily as one 10 they hear, remember and speak two languages every day. In school it is difficult 11 a second language well. The students have so 12 time for it. They are busy with 13 subjects too. Then what can you do 14 your memory? If you do more and more exercises, your memory 15 better and better. 1 A. a B. an C. the D. / 2 A. is B. are C. has D. have 3 A. since B. at C. after D. before 4 A. easy B. easier C. easiest D. easily 5 A. their B. theirs C. them D. they 6 A. amazed B. amazing C. amaze D. amazingly 7 A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest 8 A. helps B. helping C. helped D. to help 9 A. remembers B. remembered C. remembering D. remember 10 A. but B. so C. unless D. because 11 A. learning B. to learn C. learns D. learned 12 A. little B. a little C. few D. a few 13 A. others B. other C. the other D. the others 14 A. to improve B. improving C. improved D. improves 15 A. becomes B. becoming C. became D. will become 【答案】1-5 AACDC 6-10 BBACD 11-15 BABAD 【解析】 1. A考查冠词用法。这里表示一类人或物用不定冠词。答案选A 2. A考查there be用法。Much work不可数名词作主语用单数。答案选A 3. C考查介词用法。一段时间前面用介词for。答案选C 4.D 考查用法。句意：些人有很好的记忆力，他们可以很容易地记住很多东西。修饰动词用副词。答案选D 5. C考查代词用法。这里指代things复数故用them宾格。答案选C 6. B考查形容词辨异。修饰名词用形容词。形容物的形容词用amazing。答案选B 7. B考查形容词比较级用法。than是形容词的比较级重要标志。答案选B 8. A考查时态用法。本文介绍一种客观存在的事实，用了一般现在时态。主语是A good memory故动词后面要用三单现形式。答案选A 9. C考查动词用法。By介词后面接动词用Ving形式。答案选C 10. D考查连词用法。句意：他们似乎学习两种语言和学习一种语言一样容易，因为他们每天听、记和说两种语言。前后句子因果关系。答案选D 11. B考查句式用法。It is +adj for sb to do不定式作主语。答案选B 12. A考查词语辨异用法。句意：学生们几乎没有时间做这件事。Little 修饰不可数名词，几乎没有表示否定的意思。答案选A 13.B 考查词语用法。Other表示“泛指”后面可以接名词。而the other表示“特指”在一定范围内“剩下的，其余的” AD选项后面不接名词。答案选B 14. A考查不定式用法。句意：那么你能做些什么来提高你的记忆力呢？不定式表示目的。答案选A 15. D考查时态用法。句意：如果你做越来越多的练习，你的记忆力会越来越好。“主将从现”答案选D 八、完形填空 To take notes, you need to be able to do two things in a short time: first, you must understand the main topics; second, your hands must work as fast as your ears ___1____ you can write down as much information as possible. You don’t have to learn how to ____2_____ what you hear. But you need to practice a few ____3____ skills to help you to be ____4____ note-taking. Also, you should learn how to write only the most important words in short ____5____from each sentence without taking notice of the rest. In the old days, people sent telegrams to each other. When they did it, they had to pay by the word, and it cost much. That is why they sent very short telegrams which _____6____ only the most important words. Let’s ____7____ these two examples. “I’ll be arriving tomorrow, Monday, April 15, on TWA flight number 222, at JFK airport.” “Arrive 15th TWA 222 JFK.” Which will be more _____8____? When you take notes, you have a similar problem. Though it is not money, but ___9______. For that _____10____, it is a good idea to practice listening for only the most important sentences, and only the most important words in these sentences. 1.A.so that B. after C. because D. except for 2. A. copy down B. write down C. talk about D. look at 3. A. simple B. difficult C. funny D. tough 4. A. famous for B. interested in C. happy about D. good at 5. A. letters B. keys C. forms D. signs 6. A. besides B. included C. except D. instead 7. A. compare B. develop C. try D. practice 8. A. expensive B. necessary C. important D. possible 9. A. way B. distance C. skill D. time 10. A. result B. reason C. help D. problem 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. D 10. B 【解析】文章讲述了怎样有效的记笔记。 1. 句意：你的手应该和你的耳朵一样快，为了你能尽可能多的写下重要的信息。A. so that 目的是，为了 ； B. After在---以后； C. because 因为； D. except for除了；根据句意故选A 2. 句意：你不需要学习怎样写下你听到的。A. copy down 抄写； B. write down 写下； C. talk about讨论； D. look at看；根据Also, you should learn how to write和句意故选B 3. 句意：但是你需要练习一些简单的技能。A. simple 简单的； B. difficult 困难的； C. funny 有趣的； D. tough艰苦的；根据句意和选项故选A 4. 句意：但是你需要练习一些简单的技能来帮你记好笔记。A. be famous for因---而著名； B. be interested in 对---感兴趣； C. be happy about因---而高兴； D. be good at擅长---；根据句意故选D 5. 句意：你应该学习怎样在简易格式中写下最重要的信息。A. letters字母，信； B. keys钥匙， C. forms 格式； D. signs标志；short form简易格式；根据句意故选C 6. 句意：那就是为什么他们发送仅包含最重要信息的简短的电报。A. besides 除---之外（还有--）； B. included 包括； C. except 除---之外（不再有---）； D. instead代替； 根据句意故选B 7. 句意：让我们比较这两个例子。A. compare 比较； B. develop 发展； C. try尝试； D. practice练习；根据句意和选项故选A 8. 句意：哪一个会更贵？A. expensive昂贵的； B. necessary 必须的； C. important 重要的； D. possible可能的；根据In the old days, people sent telegrams to each other. When they did it, they had to pay by the word, and it cost much. 故选A 9. 句意：尽管它不是钱，但是它是时间。根据文章讲做笔记的方法应该是时间比较有限，A. way 道路； B. distance 距离； C. skill 技能； D. time时间；根据句意故选D 10. 句意：因为这个原因练习听最重要的句子和最重要的单词是个好主意。 A. result 结果； B. reason 原因； C. help 帮助； D. Problem问题；根据句意故选B 九、阅读理解 A Who would win in a competition to memorize numbers, a chimp（黑猩猩） or a teenager? The teenager? Think again. Scientists have proved that chimps perform better than human beings when it comes to this kind of problem. We may have to rethink what we believe about human memory. Memory is our ability to learn something, save it and recall it when needed. Our memories are important to our sense of self, our personalities, and our ability to understand the world. Scientists say that there are different types of memory. There is short-term memory and long-term memory. Your short-term memory saves information for a few seconds or a few minutes. For example, the time it takes to compare the prices of a few items in a store. Long-term memory involves the information you try hard to keep, because it’s meaningful to you (an example is data about family and friends. ) And then there is visual memory and sound memory. But these are not hard and fast: scientists argue a lot about the nature of memory. Scientists have also found that people memorize things in different ways. Some memorize better with the help of pictures. Others are helped more by sounds. One thing’s for sure. If you can combine different kinds of memory together, you will remember a lot! So why not try pictures with English words? At the same time listen to recordings of the same group of words. It may help when it comes to memorizing it. Imagination and association can be useful too. By imagination scientists mean picturing a word in your mind. Association means relating the word to something you already know. 1.What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A. Chimps are cleverer than human beings. B. Chimps can memorize numbers better than teenagers. C. Human memory is not as good as before. D. Chimps perform better than human beings in many aspects. 2.How many kinds of memory are mentioned in the article? A. Two B. Three C. Four D. Five 3.According to the article, which of the following is the best way to memorize words? A. By watching TV. B. By listening to music. C. By writing them out many times. D. By listening and watching pictures. 4.What does the underlined word “relating” mean according to the passage? A.联系 B.猜测 C.结合 D.替代 5.According to the article, which of the following is TRUE? A. Memory is the most important ability for human beings. B. Long-term memory usually involves more important things. C. Scientists have made sure of the nature of memory. D. Imagination is better than association in memorizing things. 【答案】BCDAB 【解析】本文介绍了记忆的类型，以及人们用不同的方法记忆东西。想象和联想也对记忆有帮助。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists have proved that chimps perform better than human beings when it comes to this kind of problem. ”可知，黑猩猩比青少年更能记住数字。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“There is short-term memory and long-term memory. ”和“And then there is visual memory and sound memory. ”可知，文中提到记忆的类型有短期记忆，长期记忆，视觉记忆和声音记忆，因此一共有四种类型，故选C。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“So why not try pictures with English words? At the same time listen to recordings of the same group of words. It may help when it comes to memorizing it. ”可知，记单词得最好的方法是“听录音”和“看图片”，故选D。 4. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段“Association means relating the word to something you already know”可知，此处表示把单词和你已经知道的东西联系起来；故划线部分relating意为“联系”，故选A。 5. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Long-term memory involves the information you try hard to keep, because it’s meaningful to you (an example is data about family and friends. )”可知，长期记忆通常涉及更重要的事情，故选B。 B Have you ever been puzzled (困惑) by the fact that you forget what you’ve learned not long ago? We can find the answer from the forgetting curve (遗忘曲线), which was first discovered by a scientist named Hermann Ebbinghaus. Ebbinghaus carried out a lot of tests on himself. He learned many made-up words that had no real meanings. Then, he checked how much he could still remember at different time. The results were really surprising. He found that we are likely to forget much information right after learning. For example, just 20 minutes after learning, we may forget about 40% of the material. After one hour, nearly half of it is gone. This discovery is important for our study. When we learn new words, the forgetting curve can be a great guide. Suppose you learn 20 new English words in the morning. If you don’t review them, by the evening, you may only remember a few. But if you review them again 30 minutes after the first learning, then after one day, and then after one week, you’ll find you can remember them much better. Many students who follow this method find they can remember more words. The forgetting curve is also useful in other subjects. In history, when learning about important events, reviewing them at the right time can help us remember the facts clearly. In math, after learning a new formula (公式) , going over it according to the forgetting curve can make us use it more skillfully. However, many students still don’t know about the forgetting curve. They try to learn much knowledge quickly before exams without regular review. As a result, they forget most of what they learned soon after the exam. This not only leads to poor grades but also wastes their valuable time. Using the forgetting curve can bring a big change. It helps us make full use of our study time and turn our learning from short-term memory to long-term memory. 1.How much can we forget 20 minutes after learning according to Ebbinghaus’s tests? A. About 30%. B. About 40%. C. About 50%. D. About 60%. 2. How can the forgetting curve help in history learning? A. By helping us write long passages. B. By helping us remember math formulas. C. By helping us remember the facts clearly. D. By helping us talk with others about history. 3. What is the best title for the passage? A. How to Study for Exams Fast B. The Story of Hermann Ebbinghaus C. The Best Way to Remember New Words D. The Forgetting Curve: A Big Help for Learning 4. What can we know from the passage? A. Reviewing at any time is useless. B. Forgetting can be stopped if we study hard. C. The forgetting curve has advantages for learning. D. The forgetting curve is only good for learning words. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文主要讲述了遗忘曲线及其对学习的帮助。 1. 细节理解题。根据原文“just 20 minutes after learning, we may forget about 40% of the material”可知，20分钟后会遗忘约40%的内容。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。根据原文“The forgetting curve is also useful in other subjects. In history, when learning about important events, reviewing them at the right time can help us remember the facts clearly”可知，遗忘曲线能帮助清晰记忆历史事实。故选C。 3. 最佳标题题。全文围绕遗忘曲线对学习的帮助展开，包括记忆单词、历史事件和数学公式等。D选项最全面概括主题。故选D。 4. 细节理解题。根据“The forgetting curve is also useful in other subjects. ”可知遗忘曲线对学习有优势。故选C。 C What can trees tell us about climate (气候) change? Quite a lot! Trees can keep a record of Earth’s climate for a very long time. In fact, trees can live for hundreds and sometimes even thousands of years! If you see a stump (树桩), you may find that the top of the stump has many rings. These rings can tell us how old the tree is, and what the weather was like during each year of the tree’s life. First year growth. The light-colored rings are wood that grew in the spring and early summer, while the dark rings are wood that grew in the late summer and fall. One light ring and one dark ring make one year of the tree’s life. Dry season. Rainy season. Tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and are thinner in years when it is cold and dry. If the tree has experienced hard times, such as a drought (干旱), the tree might hardly grow at all in those years. Scar (疤痕) from forest fire. In most places, daily weather records have only been kept for the past 100 years to 150 years. So, scientists can use trees to learn about the climate hundreds to thousands of years ago. 1.According to the poster, which part of a tree can record the climate? A. Its rings. B. Its leaves. C. Its roots. D. Its branches. 2.How old is the tree in the poster? A. About 14 years old. B. About 17 years old. C. About 19 years old. D. About 22 years old. 3.Dark rings would appear when the tree grew in_________. A. spring B. early summer C. fall D. late winter 4.Which tree lives in a warmer and wetter place? A. B. C. D. 5.Where might you see this poster? A. In someone’s back yard. B. At a bus station. C. On a website about the climate. D. In a report about a new study. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了树木能长期记录地球气候，树桩上的年轮可显示树龄及每年天气状况，且科学家可借助树木了解数百年到数千年前的气候。 1. 细节理解题。根据“These rings can tell us how old the tree is, and what the weather was like during each year of the tree’s life. ”可知，树木的年轮可以记录气候。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据“One light ring and one dark ring make one year of the tree’s life. ”结合海报中树木年轮的组数可知，这棵树大约17岁。故选B。 3. 细节理解题。根据“The light-colored rings are wood that grew in the spring and early summer, while the dark rings are wood that grew in the late summer and fall. ”可知，深色年轮出现在树木秋季生长的时候。故选C。 4. 细节理解题。根据“Tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and are thinner in years when it is cold and dry. ”可知，生长在温暖湿润地方的树木，其年轮通常更宽。故选D。 5. 细节理解题。根据文章开头“What can trees tell us about climate (气候) change? Quite a lot!”以及全文围绕“树木年轮与气候变化的关系”展开介绍可知，这张海报内容与气候相关，最可能出现在关于气候的网站上。故选C。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $