9.第二章 专题九 构词法（正文）-【中考专项新突破】2025年广州中考英语复习

专题九构词法 知识导图 复合名词、复合形容词、 名词转化为动词 复合副词、复合代词 合成法 构 转化法 动词转化为名词 形容词转化为动词 前缀：表示否定 词 前缀：表示程度 截头、去尾、截头又去尾、 其他前缀 派生法 法 写和简写 混成法、拼缀法、 后缀：名词后缀、形容词后缀、副词后缀 首字母缩略法 教材语境 用所给单词的适当形式填空。回顾构词法在教材中的应用。 1.Mr Li is strict about our studies,but he always courage/encourages us and gives us support.(7BUl) 温故知新：名词courage加上表示“使某人处于…状态、条件或地点等”的前缀en-,变为 动词encourage. 2.There's no gravity in space,so we'll all be able to float around in the (ship/spaceship). (7AU5) 温故知新：spaceship是由两个简单名词space和ship合成的新词。 中考链接 )1.The two kids climbed onto the rocks and looked over..(2024广州语法选择) A.care B.caring C.careful D.carefully 点拨：考查副词。修饰动词climbed需用副词。care v.在意；caring ad.体贴的，关 心他人的；careful adj.仔细的，小心的；carefully ad.小心地。 ()2.When you upcycle an object,you are probably doing something different.You can simply refashion it.For example,you might make a bag out of an old T-shirt. (2024广州阅读理解D篇) What does the underlined word "refashion"mean in Paragraph 2? A.Break down useless things. B.Collect used things. C.Create things out of old ones. D.Come up with good ideas. 点拨：词义猜测题。由画线词所在句的下一句“例如，你可以用一件旧T恤做一个包” 可推知，此处表示当你升级改造一个物品时，你可能在做一些不同的事情。你可以简单 地重新塑造它。此外，fashion作动词时意为“制作；塑造”，增加表示“重新；再次”的 前缀re-变化为动词refashion。 302阅盟学堂XTPZK GZYY 考点工合成法 由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法。 类型 例子 年份 classmate同学，wheelchair轮椅，housework家务，schoolgirl女学生， 2024 artwork艺术品 teammate队友，shortcut捷径 2023 artwork艺术品，bookstore书店，gateway大门入口，relationship关系 2022 afternoon下午，backyard后院，bedtime睡觉时间，farmland农田， 复合 2021 名词 grown-up成年人，homework家庭作业，prizewinner获奖者，raindrop雨滴 airplane飞机，fishhook鱼钩，greenhouse温室，sunlight阳光，wartime战 2020 争时期 bedroom卧室，lifetime一生，southwest西南方向/部 2019 newspaper报纸，spaceship宇宙飞船 2018 rainforest热带雨林，saltwater咸水 2016 everyday日常的 2024 lifelike逼真的 2023 high-quality高质量的，outdoor户外的 2022 复合 deep-sea深海的，prizewinning获奖的，top-selling最畅销的 2021 形容词 worldwide世界各地的 2020 environmental--friendly环保的 2019 downhearted垂头丧气的 2017 复合副词 nowhere哪里都不，underwater在水下，sometime某个时候，worldwide 2024 在全世界，online在线地 something某些事物，everything所有事物，anything任何事物 2024 复合代词 everyone每个人 2023 考点2派生法 在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法。 1. 常考前缀。 (1)表否定。 前缀 意义 例子 unnecessary(2024),unforgettable(2024),unable(2023),unwanted (无用的)(2023)，uncomfortable(2021,2023),undone(未完成的)》 un- (2021),unfortunate(不幸的)，unhappy(2021),unhealthy(2021), unusual(2020,2023),unlucky im- impossible(2021,2023,2024),impolite,impatient 不；非 inexpensive(不昂贵的)(2ol8),incorrect(不正确的)，independent, in- informal ir- irregular,irresponsible il- illegal(非法的) non- non-member((非成员)(2o18),non-existence(不存在) dis- 表示相反 discover(2024),dislike(不喜欢)(2023)，disadvantage(缺点) 意义 (2021),disagree(2021),disappear,dishonest mis- 错误 mistake(202l),misfortune(不幸)，misunderstand(误解) XTPZK GZYY 阅盟学堂303 (2)表程度。 前缀 意义 例子 super- 超级 superman,supermarket,superpower mini- 小的；短的 minibus(小型公共汽车) (3)其他。 前缀 意义 例子 a 处于…状态 alive(活着的)，awake(醒着的)，asleep(睡着的)，aside(在 旁边) anti- 反对 antiwar(反战争的) auto- 自动的 autofocus(自动聚焦)，automobile(汽车) en- 使 enlarge(使变大)，enrich(使富有)，encourage(鼓励)(2024) inter- 之间的 international,Internet kilo- 千 kilometre(千米)，kilogram(千克) mid- 在中间 midnight(半夜)，midair(半空中) pre- 在…之前 pre-pay(预付款的)，preview(预演) 重新；再次 return(2024),refashion(重制)(2024)，recycle(回收利用) re- (2024),rebuild(重建)，retell(复述)，rewrite(重写)，review tele- 远程的 telephone,telegram(电报) vice- 副的 vice-president(副总统)，vice-chairman(副主席) 2.常考后缀。 (1)名词后缀。 后缀 意义 例子 -al 表示过程、状态等arrival(到达)，refusal(拒绝) -ance 表示性质、状况等 importance(2024),appearance(出现)，performance(表演) relaxation(休息；放松)(2024)，communication(2023, 2024),situation(2023),foundation(基金会)，invitation, 表示状态、 organization,collection (2021 )competition (2021), -ation/ 行为、机 expectation(2021),population (2021),procrastination -ion 构等 )(2021),production (2021),action(2020),information (2020,2023,2024),introduction(2018),invention (2018, 2024),selection(选择)(2017)，operation(手术)，pollution -hood 表示状态、性质等neighborhood(2016),childhood -dom 表示领域、状况等kingdom(王国)(2019)，freedom(自由)，wisdom(智慧) listener(2022),player(2022),speaker(2022),engineer(2021, 2023),farmer(2021),helper(2021,2024),recorder(2021), singer(2021),teacher(2021),writer(2020),reader(2019), -er interviewer(采访者)(2018)，waiter(20l8),worker(2018), borrower(借方)(2017)，driver(2017),seller(2017),trader 指人 (交易者)(2016)，winner(2016) -or procrastinator(拖延者)(2021)，visitor(2021),inventor(2020) scientist(2022,2023,2024),artist(艺术家)，pianist(钢琴 -ist 家)，physicist(物理学家) historian(历史学家)(2023)，musician(2021),Indian(印度 -ian 人)(2ol8),Australian(澳大利亚人)，Italian(意大利人) 304阅盟学堂 XTPZK GZYY (续表) 后缀 意义 例子 -ese 指民族、语言 Chinese(中国的；汉语)(2023)，Japanese(日本人；日语) -ess 指女性 actress(女演员)，hostess(女主人) -ing 活动、状态 feeling(2023),meeting,dancing, dressing(穿戴)(2023)， thinking(思维)(2023) …的行为 government(2024),environment (2024),movement (2020), -ment (或结果) enjoyment(2019),achievement(2018),development(2018) happiness(2022,2023),loneliness(2021),sadness(2021), -ness 状态、特点等 sleeplessness(失眠)(2021)，willingness（乐意)(2019)， illness(2018) -ship 情况、状态等 championship(冠军)(2023)，leadership(领导)，relationship (2)形容词后缀 后缀 意义 例子 能…的； valuable(2023),comfortable(舒适的)(2023)，enjoyable -able/-ible 具有…性质的 (2022),changeable(可变化的)(2018)，suitable(适合的) (2018),horrible(可怕的)，terrible -al 与…有关的 personal,musical,natural(2023,2024),traditional(2023,2024) caring(2024),boring (2023),relaxing (2022),surprising -ing 描述事物 (2022),encouraging(鼓舞人心的)(2021)，interesting(2020, 2023),exciting(2019） tired(2024),worried(2024),encouraged(受到鼓舞的) 表示状况、 (2022),relaxed(2022),satisfied(满意的)(2022)，surprised -ed 心情等 (2022,2024),bored(2021),excited(2021,2023),mashed (捣碎的)(2021)，interested(2020,2023) -ern 表示方位 eastern,southern,western -en 表示材料 wooden(木制的)，golden,woolen(羊毛的) beautiful(2023,2024),careful(2022,2023,2024),colourful -ful 充满…的 (2022),forgetful(健忘的）(2022)，helpful(2022), meaningful(2022),wonderful(2022,2023),harmful(2021), joyful(2021),useful(2020,2023,2024) -less 没有；无 careless(2022),helpless(2021),useless(2024) patriotic(爱国的)(2023)，electric(电的)(2023)，plastic(塑 -ic/-ical …的 料的)，scientific,medical,chemical((化学的)，historical(历 史的) -ish 有…性质的 foolish(愚蠢的)，childish(孩子气的) -ive 表示特点 active,expensive,attractive(吸引人的) 具有…性质； y friendly(2024),lovely,monthly(每月的)，weekly(每周的) 每隔…时间 -ous 表示特点 serious(2024),delicious(2024),famous(2023),dangerous 表示有… funny(2021),sleepy(2021),thirsty(2021),sunny(2020),icy -y 特性的 (2017,2023),rainy(2017),snowy(2017) XTPZK GZYY 阅盟学堂305 (3)副词后缀。 后缀 意义 例子 sweetly(2024),luckily (2024),clearly (2024),strangely (2024), repeatedly(2024),angrily (2022),carefully (2022,2024),easily (2022),excitedly (2022),kindly (2022),nervously (2022), patiently (2022,2024),quietly (2022),sadly (2022),secretly (2022),successfully(2022,2024),suddenly(2022,2023,2024), usually(2022,2023),worriedly(2022),actively(2021),differently y 以…方式 (2021),especially (2021),finally (2021,2023),greatly (2021), nearly (2021),politely (2021),probably (2021),quickly (2021, 2024),really(2021),eventually(最后)(2019)，frequently(频繁 )(2019),generally (2019),properly (2019),safely (2019), seriously(2019),deeply(2018),hopefully(2018),mostly(2018), slowly(2018),thankfully(2018) -ward(s) 表示方向 northward(s)(向北)，downward(s)(向下)，forward(s)(向前) 考点3转化法 一个单词由一种词类转换为另一种词类，这种构词法叫作转化法。 词类转化 例子 hand(n.手)→handed her a gift(v.给)(2022)； 名词→动词 place(n.地点)→boxes of all sides were placed(y.放置)(2022)； milk(n.牛奶)→milk the cow(v.挤奶)(2020)； support(n.支持)→support his mother(,.支持)(20l9) influence your voice(v.影响)(2017、2022)→the influence of Xu's book(n.影 动词→名词 响)(2019、2021) 形容词→动词 dry(ad.干燥的)→dry the clothes(.弄干) 考点4④缩写和简写 缩写和简写（亦称为截断法、缩短法）可采用截头、去尾、截头又去尾、混成法、拼缀法和 首字母缩略法。 情况 方法 例子 截头 airplane=plane飞机； 截去原词的开头部分词 telephone=phone电话 去尾 taxicab=taxi出租车； 去掉原词的末尾部分词 examination=exam测试 截头又去尾 截去原词的开头和末尾的部分词 refrigerator=fridge冰箱 混成法 保留原来两词的全部或各自的一部分 photo+graphy=photography摄影 两个或两个以上的词混合或紧缩 breakfast and lunch-→brunch早午餐； 拼缀法 motorist's hotel-→notel汽车旅馆； 而成，只保留了原来几个词的部分 news broadcast-→newscast新闻广播 首字母缩略法 cm=centimetre厘米；kg=kilogram千克； 由所含单词的首字母或多个字母组成 km=kilometre千米 306 阅盟学堂XTPZK GZYY 意国家、重要组织机构名称缩写(·表示2022年新课标单词) ·UN(United Nations)联合国 WWW(World Wide Web)万维网 *CPC(Communist Party of China)中国共产党 WTO(World Trade Organization)世界贸易组织 *PLA(People's Liberation Army)中国人民解放军 "WHO(World Health Organization)世界卫生组织 *PRC(People's Republic of China)中华人民共和国 BBC=British Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司 WWF=World Wide Fund for Nature/World Wildlife Fund世界自然基金会 *UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization)联合国教科文组织 高频词汇汇总 1.usev.&n.使用→ ad.有用的(2017,2020,2021,2023,2024)→useless ad.无用的→ .重新利用(2018,2023) 2.interest v.使感兴趣&n.兴趣→ ad山.感兴趣的(2017,2018,2019,2020,2023) ad.有趣的(2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2023)→interestingly ad.有趣地(2016) 3.excite.使兴奋；使激动→ ad.头奋的；激动的(2016,2018,2020,2021,2023) ad.令人兴奋的；令人激动的(2o19)→excitedly adv.兴奋地(2022) 4.difference n.区别；不同(2020,2021,2022)→ ad不同的(2023)→ ad.不同 地(2021,2022,2023) 5.difficulty n.困难(2017,2019,202)→ ad.困难的(2021,2023)→ ad业.困难地 6.care v.照顾；照料→caring adj.体贴的；关心他人的(2024)→ ad.小心的；谨慎的 (2017,2021,2022,2023,2024)→ ad血.仔细地；小心地(2019,2020,2022,2024)→ ad.粗心的(2019)→carelessly adv.粗心地(2019) 7.educate v.教育→ n.教育(2018,2019)→ ad.有关教育的；有教育意义的 (2018)→educator n.教育家(2019) 8.danger n.危险(2021)→ ad.危险的(2016,2017,2018,2019,2020)→endanger.危及 ad.濒危的 9.bore v.使厌烦；使烦扰→ ad.感到无聊的；感到烦闷的(2017,2020,2021) ad.令人厌烦的；无趣的 10.beauty n.美（丽）(2021)；美人→ ad.美丽的(2016,2018,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024) →beautifully ad.美丽地 11.electricity n.电(2016,2018)→ ad.电子的(2019)→electrical adj.与电有关的(2016,2017) XTPZK GZYY阅盟学堂307 12.agree v.同意→ n.同意(2016)→ v.不同意(2021)-→disagreement n.分歧(2019) 13.ability n.能力；才能(2024)→ ad.能够；有能力的→unable adj.不能够(2019,2023) →disability n.障碍；缺陷(2o17) 14.surprise v.使惊奇；使吃惊&n.惊奇；意外的事(2021)→ ad.感到惊讶的；吃惊 的(2016,2017,2018,2020,2021,2022,2023,2024)→surprising ad.令人惊讶的 l5.pleasure n.愉悦；快乐(2oI8)→please v.使高兴→ ad.高兴的；愉快的；满足的 (2016)→ ad.友好的；文雅的→unpleasant adj.令人不快的；不和蔼的(2o17) 对点专练 一、语法巩固。 1.Although Angela was not prepared,she seemed relaxed/relaxing)and did really well. (9AU5 2. There are also always a lot of great country music concerts with famous music/ musicians)and singers,like Garth Brooks. ( )3.There was a storm yesterday. most of the flowers in my garden are still alive. A.Clearly B.Luckily C.Suddenly D.Finally )4.Day by day,I learned to people,and they made friends with me too. A.truly B.truth C.trust D.true 二、微语境练。每空一词，用单词的适当形式填空。 worry nothing ask bad reason A long time ago,in a rich country,there lived an unhappy king.He slept 1. and didn't feel like eating.His face was always as pale as chalk.He often cried for no 2. This made the queen and his people 3. One day,a doctor was 4. to examine(诊察)the king.But the doctor found 5. wrong with his body.It was all in his mind.Neither medicine nor rest could help him. 直击中考 一、构词法在语法选择中的运用。 分析广州近7年中考真题可知，在语法选择中，有些选项的单词也涉及对构词法的考查。 针对该考点，学生需熟记不同词性的前后缀，先判断选项中单词的词性，再根据句子意思和成 分，判断所需的词性。 语篇训练儿构词法和句式结构判断法 (一) Tom saw an advertisement in a newspaper of a beautiful modern bicycle.So he went to a shop and asked about it. The shop owner was very 1 to show one to Tom."There isn't a lamp on the bicycle,but 308阅盟学堂XTPZK GZYY there is one in your advertisement,"Tom said. "Yes,Sir,"answered the shop owner."But the lamp isn't included in the price of the bicycle." "If the lamp is in the advertisement,it should be included in the price,"Tom said 2. "Well,Sir,"answered the shop owner,"There is also a girl on the bicycle in the advertisement, but we cannot give you a girl." ()1.A.happy B.happier C.happiness D.happily ()2.A.anger B.angry C.angrier D.angrily (二) Being smart is an important skill and it's a good way to take care of yourself. Avoid dark and out-of-the-way(places.Do not take a 1 cut through dark areas, even if it will make your trip much faster.If you have to go to unsafe places,go with someone that you know. Run and shout if you feel unsafe.Run away towards a police station,a hospital or a nearby store for help.Shout as 2 as you can to get the attention of the people nearby. ( )1.A.shortly B.short C.shortness D.shorter ()2.A.loudly B.more loudly C.most loudly D.loudness 二、构词法在阅读理解中的运用。 分析广州近5年中考真题可知，在阅读理解中，有许多单词是通过合成法或派生法构成的。 同时，阅读理解的词义猜测题也涉及对构词法的考查，学生可利用构词法和上下文推断法，推 测出单词的中文意思。 语篇训练儿构词法和上下文推断法 Research has shown that people who have enough sleep look more attractive(有魅力的).People will prefer to make friends with people who have enough sleep.The strangers are good at judging whether the person they are looking at is tired.If he looks sleepy,his attractiveness scores will be low.The strangers also say they don't want to socialize with the tired people.The researchers say this is natural for people.An unhealthy-looking face makes people run away. ()What does the underlined word "socialize"mean in the paragraph? A.Compare. B.Argue. C.Communicate. D.Agree. 备考演练 语法选择。 语篇类型：记叙文主题：人与社会（有突出贡献的人物）难度：10词数：约260用时：8分钟 Martin Luther King Jr.was a great person in America.1 he was still a boy,Martin learnt an unfair thing.The black Americans 2 differently from most of their fellow Americans.Many could not attend good schools,get good jobs,or live in nice houses because 3 skin was black. XTPZK GZYY阅盟学堂309 Martin knew 4 this was wrong in a free country.He wanted to help his black brothers and sisters,_5_he went to college and later became a minister(牧师)， Martin 6 believed that people should love their neighbours as themselves.In 1947,Martin was a minister in Montgomory,Alabama.His "peaceful fight"first began there.He was 7 a great speaker.His speech "I Have a Dream"is regarded as 8 important event in American history.In his speech,he 9 the dream for white and black Americans to walk hand in hand as brothers.He said that all Americans 10 be judged by their characters rather than the colours of their skin.Martin worked for equality()in 11 cities too.He knew that the only way people could win their rights was to remain 12,even in face of danger. Martin won the Nobel Prize in 1964 for his achievements and courage.However,something terrible happened 13 4 April 1968 in Memphis,Tennessee.Martin was shot.The man who fought for peace left his people unexpectedly.The whole nation felt 14 about it.But many Americans are still trying their best 15 that dream come true.Martin's dream can never die. (2024广东广州南沙中考一模改编)》 )1.A.When B.If C.Unless D.Until ( )2.A.treated B.was treating C.was treated D.were treated )3.A.they B.them C.their D.themselves )4.A.what B.why C.which D.that )5.A.or B.but C.and D.so )6.A.strong B.strongly C.most strongly D.more strongly )7.A.either B.too C.also D.neither )8.A.a B.an C.the D./ )9.A.expressed B.express C.expresses D.will express )10.A.could B.may C.should D.might )11.A.other B.others C.another D.the other )12.A.fight B.fighting C.to fight D.fought )13.A.in B.at C.on D.for )14.A.sad B.sadly C.sadness D.sadder ( )15.A.make B.makes C.making D.to make 专题突破 请完成《专题突破》语法小卷对应训练 310阅盟学堂XTPZK GZYY考向1 考点1 first second third 考点2 (2)hundreds of thousands of 对点专练 2.(1)10:05(2)11:15(3)10:55(4)8:50(5)7:30 考点2 once twice 考点3 1.April February November September 对点专练 一、1.million2-3DD 1.March 2.forty-seventh 3.Seven 4.hundred 5.four 专题六介词 教材语境 1.at 2.on 3.of 中考链接 1-2CB 对点专练 一、1-4ABBA 二、1.for2.with3.of4.to5.besides6.until 三、1.On2.of3.about4.in5.through6.to 7.After 直击中考 (一)1-2CC (二)1-3ACB 备考演练 1-5 BACBD 6-10 ACCAA 11-15 CADBD 专题七连词 教材语境 sO 中考链接 心 对点专练 一、1.but2-3BA 二、l.but2.So3.or4.Neither5.nor 直击中考 一、1-5 BACCB 二、l.both and2.not only but also 3.both and 4.Neither nor 5.either or 备考演练 1-5 BACDB 6-10 CCCDC 11-15 BDCAA 专题八冠词 教材语境 1.an 2.the 3.a 阅盟学堂XTPZK GZYY29 中考链接 A 对点专练 一、1.an2-3DC 二、1.a2.an3./4.The5.a 直击中考 1.1-3ACB 2.1-3BAA 备考演练 1-5 BCBDA 6-10 ABDAB 11-15 ACCAD 专题九构词法 教材语境 1.encourages 2.spaceship 中考链接 1-2DC 高频词汇汇总 1.useful reuse 2.interested interesting 3.excited exciting 4.different differently 5.difficult difficultly 6.careful carefully careless 7.education educational 8.dangerous endangered 9.bored boring 10.beautiful 11.electronic 12.agreement disagree 13.able 14.surprised 15.pleased pleasant 对点专练 一、l.relaxed2.musicians3-4Bc 二、l.badly2.reason3.worried/worry4.asked 5.nothing 直击中考 一、（一）1-2AD (二)1-2BA 二、c 备考演练 1-5 ADCDD 6-10 BCBAC 11-15 ABCAD 专题十句子种类与简单句的基本类型 教材语境 1.Don't 2.How 3.brought 中考链接 What a meaningful 第1讲句子种类 考向1 wants want 考向2 考点1 1.Are is are isn't aren't 2.can't 3.Do does do doesn't don't 考点2 are are does goes how how old how often how much where why what colour 考点3 Are am are does likes 考向3 Don't Don't No 对点专练 1.He likes collecting stamps.2.B 3.Please give 参考答聚详解详析