第11章 情态动词-【启航英语】2026版高中英语语法必备

是启航英语 高中英语语法必备 24.pointed 考查动词的时态。根据本句中“smiled and”可 知，空处应用一般过去时，与“smiled”的时态一致。故填 pointed。 25.meant 考查动词的时态。根据上文中的“changes began'”和下文中的“fewer people worked in farming'"可 知，此处应用一般过去时。故填meant。 26.was needed考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。动词 need与主语“more food”之间是被动关系，又根据上文的 “were born"可知，空处应用一般过去时：且“food”是不 可数名词，所以谓语动词应用单数。故填was needed。 27.have been practising考查动词的时态。句意： 一你是 一个优秀的游泳运动员。 一谢谢。那是因为这些天我 一直在练习。根据句意再结合时间状语“these days”可 知，“练习”这个动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，且可 能仍然要继续下去，应用现在完成进行时。故填have been practising 1.are given f 50 a year by 2.was put off 3.are taught Chinese 4.were told 5.was chosen their doctor 6.is writing a new storybook 7.is cleaned by the students 8.was seen to enter 9.has been called in;is being questioned 10.hear him sing 0提能力·助写作一炉火纯青 1. 1.uses根据该句中的“keeps”,再结合句意可知，该句陈述 的是风俗习惯，故用一般现在时态：该句主语是 drummer,为第三人称单数，故填uses。 2.planned分析句子结构可知，设空处与前面的set off为并 列的谓语动词，根据时间状语“in September2021”可知，应 用一般过去时态，且主语Salopek与plan之间为主动关系， 故填planned。 3.thew分析句子结构可知，本句为并列句，根据设空前的 并列连词and可知，设空处的时态应与设空前并列谓语的 时态保持一致，故应用一般过去时，主语se与hrow之间 是主动关系，故填threw。 4.requires分析句子结构可知，设空处在定语从句中作谓 语。此处为客观描述，时态用一般现在时；require意为“需 要，要求”，与主语是主动关系；主语t指代京剧，为单数概 念，故填requires 5.contains分析句子结构可知，此处为hat引导的定语从 句，that指代上文的an online database,表示单数概念，故从 句的谓语动词用单数：且该句陈述的是客观情况，故用 般现在时，故填contains 6.have suffered分析句子结构可知，此处用作谓语，根据前 面的时间状语“Since the appearance of modern mechanical umbrellas'”可知，应用现在完成时态；又因主语“traditional oil-paper umbrellas”表示复数概念且与谓语动词为主动关 系，故填have suffered 7.led根据上文“The method was hardly safe”可知，此处陈 述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时态；又因主语The method与lead之间是主动关系，故填led。 8.decided根据时间状语“In2018”可知，该句陈述的是过 去发生的事情，故用一般过去时态，故填decided。 9.is made分析句子结构可知，设空处是谓语部分。根据前 面的时间状语“Now”可知，此处描述的是目前的情况，故 应用一般现在时态；主语Their team表示第三人称单数概 念且和设空处是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态， 故填is made。 10.was held分析句子结构可知，设空处在本句中作谓语。 根据上文中的“The first‘Window of Chinese Books'in Europe was launched on Tuesday”可知，应用一般过去时 态：主语The online event是第三人称单数形式且与hold 之间是被动关系，故填was held。 11.had been分析句子结构可知，设空处用作比较状语从句 的谓语。结合句意可知，设空处所表示的状态明显是在 grew之前，为“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时，故填had been。 190 I2.be distributed分析句子结构可知，设空处与前面wil构 成谓语。设空处与主语The money之间为被动关系，因 此使用被动语态；w后跟动词原形，所以此处用一般将 来时的被动语态，故填be distributed。 13.will be sold 根据设空前的“There will be both regular and zero-sugar options available'”可知，此处描述的是将来 的情况，所以用一般将来时。且句子主语it和sl之间 是被动关系，所以用一般将来时的被动语态，故填wib肥 sold.。 14.is located分析句子结构可知，设空处作主句的谓语 此处陈述了一个客观事实，用一般现在时态；be located in 意为“坐落于，位于”：主语It为第三人称单数形式，故填 is located。 15.has been分析句子结构可知，设空处用作本句的谓语 根据时间状语“since the Ming Dynasty”可知，用现在完成 时态，主语Beijing为第三人称单数形式，故填has been. l6.has become根据设空前的时间状语“by now”可知，应 用现在完成时态；主语he为第三人称单数形式且与 become为主动关系，故填has become. I7.have shaped根据该句中的时间状语“so far(到目前为 止)”可知，应用现在完成时态；又根据主语为boh可知， 谓语动词应用复数形式，故填have shaped。 l8.are required根据语境可知，此处是对现在事情的陈述 应用一般现在时态：且句子的主语Most students和谓语 require之间是被动关系，故填are required 19.involves句意：中国传统婚礼通常涉及几个必要的步 骤，比如：说媒、定亲、迎娶和拜堂。本题考查谓语动词的 时态和主谓一致。本句介绍的是中国的风俗，故用一般 现在时；主语The traditional Chinese marriage为单数第三 人称概念，故填involves 20.has offered句意：为了鼓励实体书店的发展，到目前为 止，政府已经为书店提供了减税政策。考查时态。根据 时间状语Sofr(到目前为止)可知设空处用现在完成 时，故答案为has offered。 0 1.my hometown is a beautiful place 2.it was a poor village 3.had never been to the outside world 4.great changes have taken place 5.a large number of people have built their new houses 6.there are varieties of goods 7.the local government is building a modern school 8.the children will receive better education 9.all the people have been working hard 第十一章 情态动词 研考点·记歌诀 一小试牛刀 4444 4444444444 考点一 4444444444444 对小试牛刀 (一) 1.cn't句意：她不可能离开了学校，因为她的车仍然在这 儿。can't表示不可能。 2.can句中出现sometimes时，用情态动词can表示“有时 候会” 3.can could开头的问句用can回答。 4.can can表示可能性。sometimes出现在句中时，常 用can。 5.can can用于疑问句中表推测。 6.can句中出现at times,与can连用 (二) 1.may句意：Liza极有可能不想去野餐一—她讨厌郊游。 may well意为“很可能，极有可能”。表示猜测。 2.may/might may/might as well不妨。 3.might might大概，也许。 4.ay may表示祝愿放在句首 5.may/might句中出现not sure时通常用may/might。. (三) 1.will would开头的问句用wil回答 2.wouldwould表示过去常常做某事 3.wil临时决定做某事用will do。 (四) l.needn't“needn't have+动词过去分词形式”表示“本不 必”，表示过去不必做某事 2.needn't must开头的问句用needn't作否定回答。 3.needs need doing表示被动含义 (五) l.dare此处dare为情态动词 2.dare dare敢，敢于。 3.dared dare作为实义动词时有过去式dared,用在否定句 中，后跟带o或不带o的不定式 4.to go dare作为实义动词用在肯定句中时后跟不定式。 5.tell dare为情态动词，后跟动词原形 6.(to)stay dare作实义动词用在否定句中时后可跟带to 的不定式，也可跟不带o的不定式。 (六) 1.must must偏要。 2.must have gone“must have+动词过去分词形式”表示 “(过去)一定…”，是对过去发生的动作的肯定判断。 3.mustn't mustn't后接行为动词，表示“禁止，不许 4.must must表示“偏要，一定要”等不耐烦语气。 5.needn't/don't have to must开头，问句的否定回答要用 needn't/don't have to 6.don't have to/needn't句意：一-为了我们的孩子，你认为 我们可以做些什么事呢？ 你不必做任何事情，只要能多 陪伴他们（他们就很满足了）。don't have to/need't“不必” 7.had to have to不得不，表示客观条件限制下必须做某事 由was可知用过去时 8.don't have to don't have to不必，相当于needn't。 (七) 1.Shall shall用在第一人称前，表示征求对方意见 2.shall shall与第二人称连用，表示命令、警告、许诺等 语气 3.shall shall.与第三人称连用，表示命令、指责等语气。 4.ought to ought to应该。 5.ought to/should have studied ought to/should have done 该干某事却未干。 (八) 1.should should表示惊讶语气.“竟然”。 2.should should理应，应该。 3.should should表示“应该' 4.should should用于虚拟条件句，意为“万一” 5.should should用于虚拟条件句，意为“万一，倘若' 6.Shouldn't you be doing句意： -Jack,关掉电视，难道现 在还不该做作业吗？ 一妈妈，再待十分钟。根据句意 妈妈让孩子关掉电视是应该做作业的时间，妈妈的语气中 含有抱怨。 7.should should竟然，表示惊讶语气。 考点二 小试牛刀 1.must must have done肯定做了某事 2.may/might have dropped may have done可能做了某事 3.needn't have done “needn't have+动词过去分词形式”表 示“（过去）没有必要做…1 I could manage it myself. 表明本没有必要帮助我洗衣服。 4.shouldn't have wasted shouldn't have done不应该干某事 却干了。 5.can't/couldn't have gone can't/couldn't have done肯定 没有。 6.should have told“should+have+过去分词”表示应该做而 没做某事，是对对方的责备。 7.could have visited could have done本能够干某事却未干 8.needn't have done needn't have done不必做某事却做了。 9.may/might have put may/,might have done过去也许做过 某事。 答案全解全析 启航英语悬 目做真题·练基础 新露头角 . 1.be done 分析句子结构可知，主语What与do之间是被动 关系，应用被动语态：设空前的should是情态动词，其后用 动词原形。故填be done。 2.be offered 分析句子结构可知，主语hey代指前面的 sausages,与offer构成被动关系：设空前的could是情态动 词，其后用动词原形。故填be offered。 3.be employed情态动词can后接动词原形，从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动 语态，故填be employed。, 4.be appreciated分析句子结构可知，在how引导的特殊疑 问句中，谓语动词前有情态动词can,其后跟动词原形，主 语a painting与动词appreciate之间是被动关系，此处应用 被动语态，故填be appreciated。 5.could句意：以前你可能在这里开了几英里都没见过别 人，但现在到处都是房子和人。need“需要”；should“应该， 理应如此”：could“可能，表示对客观可能性的推测”；mst “一定，必须”。根据前半句意思可知，表示的是对客观可 能性的推测。故填could。 6.may have made 句意： -老实说，我觉得我不会被录 取。 —唉！谁知道呢！你给人的印象可能比你想象的 要好。may have made“可能”；should have made“本应该 做”；couldn't have made“不可能做”；needn't have made“本 不必做”。根据句意可知，此处表示的是有可能。故填 may have made 7.shouldn't have scolded考查情态动词。句意：你本不该因 他表现不佳而批评他。毕竟，他已经尽他最大的努力了 shouldn't have done“(过去)本不该做某事（实际上做 了) 8.contribute句意：表情符号能够直接促成那种积极的结 果。情态动词can后应接动词原形。故填contribute 9.sta 考查情态动词。句意：Jm说，只要我们让他的房子 保持干净整沽，我们就可以住在里面。can后跟动词原形 10.be chosen考查动词的语态和情态动词。分析句子结构 可知，主语“he”与动词choose之间构成被动关系，表示 这位艺术家相信他会被选上，所以应用被动语态：且情态 动词“would”后应用动词原形。故填be chosen。 11.must/should句意：当你设立目标时必须/应该记住这些 要点。must“必须，一定”：should“应该' 12.may/might句意：我找不到我的钱包了。我可能昨天把 它落在超市了，但我不确定。设空处表示对过去事情的 推测，且根据题干中的“I'm not sure”可推知此处表示不 确定的推测，故用may/might表示“可能 13.can句意：在当今这个信息时代，对于一个公司来说，数 据的丢失会造成严重的后果。根据句意可知，语境要体 现的是一种客观的可能性，且cause为动词原形，因此用 can符合语境。 14.can:might句意：做饭有时会是很有乐趣的。你可能也 开始注意到它对于你的健康和支出费用的影响。can be 有时会”；might“可能” 15.coud句意：当我靠近23英里处时，我能够看得到我的 妻子正在挥舞着一块标志牌。根据语意可知，本句是 般过去时，故填could。 16.be seen句意：从你的前门处，你能看到多少种野花？本 句是被动句形式。情态动词can后应跟动词原形，故填 be seen。 17.needn't句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚外出之前我不 必打扫它，我可以早晨打扫。根据句意及语境，设空处表 示“不必”，所以填needn't。 18.can此处表示“班里最高的男孩塞缪尔可以很容易地够 到书架顶部的书”，应填can“能够，可以”。 1.must be ill 2.shall be punished 3.is able to/can win the prize 4.must smoke 5.can read without glasses 191 是启航英语 高中英语语法必备 6.should/ought to have arrived 7.would go to the reading room 8.may/might have been 9.can be rather cold 10.shouldn't be any difficulty in passing ①提能力·助写作 一 炉火纯青 l.better句意：如果你想让你的卧室更加静怡，你最好探索 下中和色，谈绿色和金色。根据句型结构和句意可知，此 空考查had better构成的情态动词，意为“最好”，故填 better。 2.needn't have spoken句意：你没有必要说得那么慢。我只 需要几秒钟就能习惯你的声音。结合语意，我只需要很短 的时间就能习惯你的声音，所以你没有必要说得那么慢 needn't have done表示“本没必要做某事，结果却做了”，故 填need't have spoken. 3.may/might have forgotten句意： 一现在快七点四十五 分了。贝丝还没出现。 一一她也许忘记了时间。我为什 么不打电话看看发生了什么？根据句意可知，贝丝没有按 时出现，我想打电话看看发生了什么，由此可知，贝丝也许 忘记了时间，may/might have done表示“也许已经做了某 事”，符合语境，故填may/might have forgotten。 4.should句意： —我的车这周末能准备好吗？ 一应该 能，先生，如果准备好了我会给你打电话的。根据“Iwl give you a call if it is ready.”可知，此处指非常有可能的 事，用should符合语境，should表示按道理应该，故填 should 5.be reduced句意：考试题目要集中在基础知识和技能上 减少死记硬背的题目数量。分析句子结构可知，情态动词 should后接动词原形，主语questions与reduce之间是逻辑 上的被动关系，故填be reduced。 6.woud句意：对周围的世界好奇，我儿子在小的时候总会 没完没了的问问题。woud表示过去习惯发生的动作，故 填would 7.shall句意： 一一那边的布告上写的是什么？一 一一“未经 组委会许可，任何媒体不得对赛事进行报道。”sha用于 第二、三人称，表示警告、允诺、命令、规定等，故填shall。 8.be carried句意：年轻人可以学习传统食物是如何制作 的，围绕这种食物的文化可以被发扬光大。情态动词cn 后跟动词原形，the culture与carry之间是逻辑上的被动关 系，故填be carried。 9.wl句意：一你为什么不进办公室？他们正在等 你。 -不管我怎么推，门都打不开。wl在此用作情态 动词，表示主语的习惯性，倾问性，经常性，必然性和不可 避免性，故填will。 10.can't句意：—一今天杰克值日吗？ 一不可能是他 明天该轮到他。can'tbe用于完全否定推测“不可能是】 11.ust句意：今天下午去看望这个老人？如果你非要去 一定要涂抹防晒霜来保护皮肤。根据题干中f结构可以 得知是“如果你坚持要做”，must表示“必须，偏要 12.needn't根据“that's not important'”可知不必是大房子 故填needn't。 13.must句意： 一她读了《依然爱丽丝》之后为什么看上 去如此生气？一—她不可能生气。她一定是在想念她那 有老年痴呆的奶奶。must在此表示“有把握的肯定 推测” 14.should句意： 一这次考试如此之难以至于很多学生都 没按时完成。 一是的。很难接受这样一个事实：我们 班的同学百分之九十多竟然都没有及格。根据上下文逻 辑可知，设空处表示“竞然”，故填should l5.shall shall用于条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规 定等，意为“必须，应该”。根据本题中的traffic regulations可知应填shall, 1.couldn't 2.should 3.should 4.may/might 5.could 6.would 7.may/might 8.Shall 9.would 10.shouldn't 11.shouldn't 12.can 13.May/Can/Could 14.must 15.can/may 192 第十二章 虚拟语气 研考点·记歌诀 一小试牛刀 考点一 小试牛刀 L.Should虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were,should或had 时，可省略if,再把were,should或had移到从句的句首，进 行倒装。句子意思是“如果你被解雇了，医疗保障和其他 福利也不会被立即取消” 2.would have told条件从句用过去完成时，主句表示对过 去的虚拟用would have done 3.would have happened条件从句用had done结构，主句用 would have done结构表示对过去的虚拟。 4.hadn'thut根据句子结构可以知道，该题是由f引导的 条件状语从句，分析句意，该句表示一种假设，从句中的动 作是在过去发生的，即表示与过去事实相反，主句的动作 是在将来发生的，即表示与将来事实相反，故从句谓语动 词用had done,主句用would(could,might)+动词原形。 5.would have lost but for sth.与虚拟语气连用，用would have done表示与过去事实相反。 6.had happened在asif,as though引导的方式状语从句中， 从句谓语动词常用虚拟结构，根据题干中动词所使用的时 态可以看出，选项部分是表示与过去事实相反的动作，要 用had+过去分词。 7.would be living主句表示与现在事实相反 8.had asked if虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反，用过去 完成时。 9.were as if后跟虚拟语气时，be动词一律用were。 I0.Should题干是一个叙述将来情况的虚拟语气，if引导的 条件状语从句中，谓语动词可用should+do。这时常把if 去掉，把should提到句首，形成部分倒装。 考点二 小试牛刀 1.should)be finished require后的宾语从句用虚拟语气 should do/should be done,should可省略，根据句意该处用 should be done。 2.called would rather后的从句采用虚拟语气，与现在事实 相反用一般过去时 3.could wish引导的宾语从句表示与将来事实相反的愿 望.故应用could+动词原形 4.had gone wish后用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反用过去完 成时。 5.(should)learn在句型It is necessary(strange,natural, important...)+that从句结构中，从句中谓语动词要用 (should)do。 6.(should)be cleaned require后的宾语从句采用should do 或should be done,should可省略 7.(should)pay insist表“强烈要求”的意思后面从句采用 虚拟语气(should)do。 8.having;was interested suggest表示“建议做某事”时后面 可以跟名词、动名词，也可以跟宾语从句，宾语从句中要用 虚拟语气，从句谓语要用should+-do,可省略should;表示 “暗示，表明”时，不用虚拟语气。 9.(should)see My advice is that从句用虚拟语气 (should)do。 10.(should)call My suggestion is that从句采用虚拟语气 should do,其中should可省略。 考点三 小试牛刀 1.had been 2.were made 3.had got 4.should be taken/were taken 5.were第十一章 情态动词 考点架构 can(could) can/could have done may(might) must have done must 基本 情态动 情态动词 shall 用法 +have done may/might have done should will/would should/ought to have done need/dare ought to needn't have done 研考点·记歌决 小试牛刀 续表 考点一 情态动词的用法 Could you please help me with this (-）can/could 表示请求和允许， furniture? 你可以帮我搬一下 用法 例句 口语中常用could这件家具吗？ What can he be doing at this time of 代替can,使语气 -Yes,I can 一可以。 表示惊奇、怀疑 night?都这么晚了，他究竟在干什 更婉转，但回答时Could you pick me up at the airport at 不相信的态度 么呢？ (主要用于否定 用can不用could 5:00p.m.next Monday??下周-下 How can you believe such a liar like 句、疑问句和感叹 午五点你能到机场接我吗？ him?你怎么能相信像他那样的 句) 个骗子呢？ 小试牛刀 表示一时的情况， Jeff is a very clever boy,but he can be very dull sometimes.杰夫是个聪 用合适的情态动词填空 只用于肯定句，意 明的孩子，但有时也会很迟钝。 1.She have left school,for her car is still 为“有时候 It can be very hot here in summer. here. 会…” 里的夏天有时会很热。 2.Our English teacher is considerate,helpful,and My grandma is well over eighty,but warm-hearted,but sometimes she be angry 表示能力 she can read without glasses.我奶奶 at our silly mistakes. 早已年过八十，但她看书仍不需要 3.-Could you give me a hand with the luggage? 眼镜。 Of course I Accidents can happen to any drunken 4.Sometimes it be very cold in spring in driver..喝醉酒的司机都有可能发生 表示客观的可 交通事故。 my hometown. 能性 According to the radio,it could rain 5.-I can't find it anywhere. this afternoon.据收音机广播，今天 Do you know where it be? 下午可能有雨。 6.Tom is good-tempered but he lose his temper at times. 114 第十一章情态动词 启航英语悬 (二)may/might x you have a happy weekend! 用法 例句 5.-Will he come by bus? CD -I'm not sure.He come on foot May I turn on the 表示允许、许可。否 player? 我可以打开CD (三)will/would 定回答时，一般要用 播放机吗？ mustn't,表示“禁止， 用法 例句 -No,you mustn't.- 不 阻止”之意 用于表示意志或意 -Can someone help me?- 一有 不行。 愿。wi指现在， 人能帮我一下忙吗？ 在表示请求、允许时， would指过去 -I will. 我来帮你。 might比may的语气 May I trouble you to pass me Would you open the window, 更委婉一些。用“May the book?能不能麻烦你把那 表示请求、建议等， please?I feel it is a little stuffy 1.?”征求对方许可， 本书递给我？ 用would比用wil here.打开窗户好吗？我感到这儿 在文体上比较正式，在 Might I take the liberty of 委婉、客气 有点闷。 口气上比较客气，日常 pointing out your mistakes? 表示习惯性动作，译We would sit around Grandpa after 口语中，用“Can 可不可以冒昧地指出你的 作“总是，惯于” supper,listening to his stories..过去 L..?”征询对方意见 错误？ wil指现在，would 晚饭后我们总会坐在爷爷周围， 更为常见 指过去 听他讲故事 表示可能性的推测， John is absent.He may/might It would be about ten when he left 含有“或许，大概，可 bel.约翰没来，他可能病了。 表示预料或猜想 home.他离开家时大概是十点钟。 能”之意，用might代 I must go home at once.Mary 替may时，则语气显 might visit me..我得赶紧回家。 You will regret forever if you lose 表示规律性的“注 得更加不肯定 玛丽可能来看我。 this chance..错过这次机会，你注 定会”用wi训 定会永远后悔的。 may用于祈使句中表 May you have a happy life. 你生活幸福。 示祝愿 小试牛刀 May you succeed祝你成功。 用合适的情态动词填空 巧学妙记 1.-Would you help me with these boxes? 巧记may,can,must的用法与否定式 -Of course I 情态动词有三个，can,may还有must; 2.He go to the river nearby to fish on can—“能”，may—“可以”，must weekends when he was young. 定”或“必须”。 3. -Sorry,I forgot to tell John about your party. must“一定”语气硬，“猜测”也是最肯定。 -Doesn't matter.I call him in a while. 否定句中它不用，只能用来表肯定。 (四)need 用法 例句 小试牛刀 -Need I tell him everything that's 表示“需要：必要” 用合适的情态动词填空 happened to his parents?- 我需 之意。作情态动词 1.Liza well not want to go for a picnic 要告诉他有关他父母发生的一 一般用于否定句和 she hates going outing. 切吗？ 疑问句。疑问句中 2.You as well follow your parents'advice. -No,you needn't.- 不，没必要 把need直接提前， 3.-Are you going to her party? You needn't be told twice about 其否定式在need后 -I'm not sure.I stay home and help my one single thing.同一件事不必说 加not son with his lessons. 两遍。 115 是启航英语 高中英语语法必备 续表 (五)dare I need to go to Beijing this Sunday 用法 例句 用作实义动词时，其to attend a book fair..这个星期天 Dare he tell them what he 疑问句及否定句的我需要去北京参加一个书展。 表示“敢，敢于”之意。 knows?他敢告诉他们他所知 变化与一般动词相 -Do I need to leave my telephone 作情态动词，主要用于 道的吗？ 同。可以接带to的number and address?我需要 疑问句、否定句和条件 I'm afraid you dare not/daren't 不定式或动词的把电话号码和地址留下吗？ 从句中，一般不用于肯 do such a thing.恐怕你不敢做 -ing形式作宾语 -Yes,you need to./No,you don't 定句中。其疑问句及 这样的事 need to.- 是的。/不必。 否定句的变化与其他 You will be punished if you dare 情态动词相同 break the rules.如果你敢违反规 巧学妙记 定，你会受到处罚。 need用法歌诀 用作实义动词时，其疑 (1) 问句及否定句的变化 This student doesn't dare to 实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。 形式与一般动词相同。raise any question in class.在课 在肯定句中，dare后面 堂上这个学生不敢提出任何 need后接动名词，主动形式被动意思。 通常接带to的不定问题。 (2) 式，在否定句和疑问句I suppose he dares to tell the 情态动词表“需要”，没有时态数人称。 中，dare后面既可接带manager the truth.我想他敢把 其后直接跟动词，多用于疑问和否定。 to的不定式，也可接 事情的真相告诉经理。 (3) 不带to的不定式 名词need表“需要”，中学用得比较少。 need词性共三种，用时千万要慎重。 小试牛刀 用合适的情态动词或所给词的适当形式填空 小试牛刀 1.How you fight against him? 2.How you say that? 用合适的情态动词填空 3.No one say he had nothing on. 1.You have cleaned the classroom.It's 4.Tom is a brave boy.He dares (go）out your turn tomorrow alone at night. 2.-Must I stay here? 5.He dare not tell)his parents about this -No,you sad news. 3.Your hair cutting. 6.My sister doesn't dare (stay）alone at home at night. (六)must和have to 情态动词 用法 例句 You have to hand in your personal files before next Friday.下周五 必须；不得不”，意义两者相近。但must 之前你必须上交个人档案。 表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to Ican't see things clearly.I have to wear glasses.我看不清东西，只 则往往强调客观需要 must 好戴眼镜 have to They had to speed up,for the weather turned terrible.天气变得槽 must只有一种形式，而have to则有更多 糕起来，他们只好加快速度。 的人称、数和时态等方面的变化 He is ill,so he has to stay at home.他病了，因此他只能待在 家里。 116 第十一章情态动词 启航英语悬 续表 mustn't表示“禁止，不许”，而don't have to表示“不必” You don't have to go there.你不必去那儿。 You must have a passport if you want to go abroad..如果你想出 表示“必须，应该”之意，语气比should. 国，你必须有一本护照。 ought to强烈。其否定形式mustn't表示 Drivers mustn't drive after drinking.司机喝酒后严禁驾车。 “不准；不应该；禁止”等意 You mustn't go there.你不准去那儿。 must have to 在回答带有must的问句时，否定回答常 Must I come back before ten?- 我必须十点以前回来吗？ 用needn't或don't have to,表示“不必” No,you needn't/don't have to.- 不，不必。 而不用mustn't You must be ill..I can see it from your face.你准是病了，我从你 表示对一件事确有把握的推测（因为从 的脸上可以看出来。 逻辑上说，它是必然的)，意为“一定，准 You must have the wrong number.There is no such a person. 是，想必”，只用于肯定句中 是搞错了号码，这里没有这样一个人。 巧学妙记 (七)ought to与shall 情态动词 用法 例句 巧记have to和must的用法区别 “主观职责”说“必须”，must赶紧用上去； Humans ought to stop 若是“环境”“不得不”，赶快换用have to。 表示“应该”之 polluting nature.人类应停止 污染大自然了。 意，强调义务和 You ought to make an 心小试牛刀 责任 ought to apology to Joan.你应该向琼 道歉。 用合适的情态动词或所给词的适当形式填空 1.Why 表示很大的可能 you sleep in class when your He ought to be home by 性，常译为“按道 teacher is giving lessons? now.到现在他应该到家了。 理说应该” 2.-The girl survived without food and water on the lonely island. What shall we do next?我 Oh,dear！She (go)through a lot of 们下一步做什么？ 用于第一、第三 Shall we put off the sports difficulties 人称疑问句中 meeting until next month? 3.Tom,you leave all your clothes on the 表示说话人征 我们能否将运动会推迟到 floor like this！ 求对方的意见 下个月？ 4.Why you trouble me when I'm busy with 或向对方请示 Shall Tom go there with me my lessons? tomorrow?汤姆明天可以和 5.-Must I hand in the paper now? shall 我一起去吗？ -No,you You shall get an answer from 6.-What do you think we can do for our children? 用于第二、三人 me by tomorrow.到明天你 -You do anything except to be with 称陈述句中，表就会得到我的答复的。 them as much as possible. 示说话人给对Tell Jerry that he shall get a 7.Tom's mother was ill,so he have to) 方的命令、警 gift if he is nice.告诉杰瑞如 stay home and look after her. 告、允诺或威胁 果他表现好的话，就会得到 8.You not have to)write him a letter 份礼物。 about this matter.I've told him about it. 117 是启航英语 高中英语语法必备 续表 小试牛刀 可用在f引导的条 用合适的情态动词或所给词的适当形式填空 件从句中，表示一件 Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him.你万一见到汤姆， 1. we go for a picnic tomorrow? 事听起来可能性很 请让他给我打个电话。 -Good idea 小，但也不是完全不 2.Churchill warned Hitler,"If you dare invade 可能，相当于“万 Should I be free tomorrow,I'll come.万一明天有时间，我就 Britain,you pay for it with great cost." 一”的意思。从句 过来。 3.Everyone be seated until the plane has 谓语用“should+动 If it should rain tomorrow,I will come to a complete stop. 词原形”构成，主句 stay at home..万一明天下雨，我就 4.We be home by 5 o'clock. 不一定都用虚拟 待在家。 语气 5.We (study)last night but we went to the concert. Why should you be so late today? 表示说话人对某事 (八)should 你今天怎么来得这么晚？ 不能理解，感到意 I don't know why you should think 用法 例句 外、惊异等，意为 that I did it.我真不明白你竟然认 You should/ought to go and see “竟会” 为这件事是我做的。 Mary some time.你应该找个时间 用于表示劝告和建去看看玛丽。 小试牛刀 议，作“应该”讲，可I think today'schildren should 用合适的情态动词或所给词的适当形式填空 与ought to互换 really learn to respect their elders. 我认为今天的孩子应当好好学习 1.Such a clever boy fail the exam. 尊敬长辈 2.We obey the school rules and work hard. 用于表示推测，译作It should be Mike who has taken “很可能”或“该”。away all the materials.应该是迈克 3.Children be taught to respect the old and 是介于必然性与可拿走了所有的材料。 care for those younger than them. 能性之间的一种推It's already 10.She promised to 4.If you have enough energy,take a walk 测，说明说话人对客come by 10.She should be here at after climbing up the hill. 观事物的真实性做any moment.已经10点了，她答应 5.If Tom come,get him to leave a 出较大可能性的10点之前来的。她随时都可 message 判断 能来。 6.-Turn off the TV,Jack. do)your I should advise you not to do that. homework now? 用于第一人称，表示 我倒是劝你别这样做。 -Mum,just ten more minutes,please. 说话人的一种谦逊 You are mistaken,I should say. 7.I don't understand why you think it's 客气、委婉的语气 我看，你是搞错了。 unfair. 考点二 情态动词+have done的用法 分类 基本用法 例句 Looking at the large empty apartment,I began aware ①must have done sth..表示对过去已经发生的 表示对过 of how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil 行为进行推测，意为“一定做了某事”，常用于 去的推测 herself.看着这个又大又空的公寓，我开始理解妈 肯定句。否定句是can't have done 妈独自一人在巴西一定也很孤单。 118 第十一章情态动词 启航英语 续表 Why are your eyes so red?You can't have slept well ②can/could have done表示对过去发生的行 last night.你的眼睛怎么这么红？你昨天晚上不可 为的怀疑和不肯定，常用于否定句和疑问句 表示对过 能睡好了。 去的推测 ③may/might have done表示对过去已发生行 If they had known what was coming next,they 为的不太肯定的推测，意为“也许/或许已经might have had second thought.如果他们早就知道 …”,常用于肯定句 接下来会发生什么事的话，他们也许就会三思了。 ①could have done表示过去没有实现的可能He could have finished the job on time,but an 性，意为“本来可以…/本能够..”，通常用unexpected visitor came.他本能够按时完成工作， 表示“与过去事 于肯定句 可是来了位不速之客。 实相反” You might have given him more help,though you ②might have done表示本来应该或可以做某 were busy..你本可以给他更多帮助，虽然你当时 事，含有轻微的责备语气，用于肯定句 很忙。 ③should/ought to have done sth.用于肯定句时 You should/ought to have done this exercise more 表示“本该做某事”，而实际上未做：用于否定句 carefully.你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。 时，则表示“本不该做反而做了” The weather turned out to be fine yesterday.I 表示“与过去事 ④needn't have done sth.表示做了本来不必做needn't have taken the trouble to carry my umbrella 实相反” 的事 with me.结果证明昨天天气晴朗，我本来就没有必 要带伞的。 ⑤would rather have done sth.表示“宁愿当时 I raised objections at the meeting,but now I would 做了某事”，其否定式表达相反含义，两者都 rather not have done that.我在会议上提出了反对 表示“后悔”之意 意见，但是现在我宁愿当时没有那样做。 5.He (not go)far,for his coat is still here. 小试牛刀 6.-I'll tell Mary the good news tomorrow. 用合适的情态动词或所给词的适当形式填空 -You (tell)her yesterday 1.She have earned a lot of money,for she 7.We visit)the Bird's Nest last weekend, bought a second new car yesterday. 2.-I can't find my purse anywhere. but it suddenly began to rain. -You drop it when you were 8.-I have cleaned the floor. shopping in the supermarket. -You not do)that.It's your turn 3.-Ann,I have done the washing for you. tomorrow. -Thanks.You not do)it.I could 9.-I can't find my purse.Do you know where it is? manage it myself. -I'm not sure.You _（put)it in the 4.You not waste so much time in drawer. playing computer games. 119 是启航英语 高中英语语法必备 目☑做真题·练基础 新需头角 I.选择填空或单句语法填空 15.(2018·北京卷)As I approached mile23,I 1.(2024·全国甲卷)What should (do） see my wife waving a sign. with such a beautiful place? 16.(2018·天津卷)How many kinds of wild flowers 2.(2024·1月浙江卷)However,though it's nice to can see)from your front door? get a few cents off a pack of sausages,it would 17.（2017.天津卷)My room is a mess,butI help even more if they could sometimes clean it before I go out tonight.I can do (offer)in smaller packs. it in the morning. 3.(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple 18.(2017·北京卷)Samuel,the tallest boy in our lyric form that has been passed down through the class. easily reach the books on the top ages can still employ)today to draw shelf. attention to important truths. Ⅱ.语法与写作一单句微练 4.(2022·6月浙江卷)But how can a painting 1.他准是病了，他看起来苍白无力。 (appreciate)by someone who's blind? He He looks so pale. 5.(2021·3月天津卷)It used to be that you 2.你必须为你的所作所为受到惩罚。 need,should,could,must)drive for You for what you have done. miles here without seeing another person,but now 3.经过多年的努力工作，他有能力获奖。 there are house and people everywhere. After years of hard work he 6.(2021·6月天津卷)-I honestly don't think I'm going to be admitted. 4.如果你非要抽烟，至少你应该用个烟灰缸。 -Well,you never know!You may If you at least you could use have made,should have made,could have made, an ashtray. needn't have made)a better impression than you 5.我祖母八十多岁身体仍很健朗，看书不需要 think. 眼镜。 7.(2020·5月天津卷)You not scold) My grandma is well over eighty,and she him for his poor performance.After all,he had done his best. 6.他们本应该现在到达上海的。 8.（2020·全国卷Ⅱ)And emoji can They in Shanghai by now. contribution)directly to that positive outcome. 7.Hary上大学时，他常常每天晚饭后去阅览室。 9.(2020·7月天津卷)Jim says we can When Harry was at college,he (stay)in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy. after supper every day. 8. 10.（2020·全国卷Ⅲ)The artist was sure he would 一谁告诉你我的邮箱地址的？ 我记不清了。可能是Karen。 choose). 11.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)You keep these Who told you my e-mail address? points in mind while setting your goals. I don't remember clearly.It 12.(2018·天津卷)Ican't find my purse.I Karen. have left it in the supermarket 9.在我家乡三月份通常是很温暖的，但有时天气会 yesterday,but I'm not sure. 相当冷。 l3.(2018·北京卷)In today's information age,the It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but loss of data cause serious problems for it sometimes. a company. 10.既然你已经做了充足的准备，那么通过道路考 14.(2018·浙江卷)Cooking food be fun. 试应该不会有困难。 You also begin to notice the effects not Now that you have made thorough preparations, only on your health but in your pocket. there the road test. 120 第十一章情态动词 启航英语悬 提能力·助写作 炉火纯青 1.单句语法填空 14.-It was such a difficult examination that a lot of 1.If you want your bedroom to be more calming, students were unable to finish it on time. you'd (good)explore neutrals(中和 -That's the case.It's hard to accept the fact that 色)，light greens,and golds.. over 90%of my classmates have 2.You speak)so slowly.I just needed a failed. few seconds to get used to your voice. 3.-It's nearly a quarter to eight.Beth hasn't turned 15.Anyone who drives through a red light be fined according to the newly-made traffic up yet. -She forget)the time.Why don't I regulations. call and see what happened? Ⅱ.语法与写作一语篇微练 4.-Will my car be ready by the end of this week? Miss Fang 1 (not)read for very long with -It be,sir.I will give you a call if it is her eyes hurt.Her mother told her that she 2 go to ready. hospital and see a doctor."You 3 see a doctor as 5.The exam questions should focus on basic soon as possible,"her mother said."You 4 have knowledge and skills,and the number of questions focusing on rote(死记硬背的)learning should poor eyesight..” When Miss Fang had free time,she went to (reduce). 6.Curious about the world around him,my son hospital.The clerk said that the doctor 5 see her ask me endless questions when he was at3:30. young. Miss Fang replied that she 6 not be able to 7.-What does the notice over there read? be there at 3:30 because she had a class then."The -“No media cover the event without doctor 7 see you at about ten to four,"the clerk the permission of the organizing committee." suggested."8 I arrange the examination at about 8.Young people can learn how the traditional food is ten to four,or 9 you rather come tomorrow?" made and the culture surrounding this food can Miss Fang thought she 10 (not)waste any (carry)forward and expanded. 9.-Why don't you enter the office?They are more time.The teacher 11 (not)be unhappy if waiting for you. she asked for permission to leave the class a little -The door not open,no matter how earlier,as he was always so kind to everyone.And hard I pushed. she replied,"I think I 12 make it at about ten to 10.-Is Jack on duty today? four.” -It be him.It's his turn tomorrow. Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her 11.Visit the old man this afternoon?If you teacher,13 I leave at 3:45 today?My eyes make sure you wear sunscreens to hurt and I 14 have an eye examination."As protect your skin. expected,the teacher said,"Yes,of course 12.-What sort of house do you want to have? Something big? you15.” -Well,it be big—that'snot 1 2 3. important. 4. 5. 6 13.-Why does she look so angry after reading Still 8. 9 Alice? 10. 11. 12. -She can't be.She be missing her 13. 14. 15. grandma who has Alzheimer's. 121