内容正文:
第十章
动词的时态和语态
考点架构
一般过去时
过去进行时
一般现在时
过去时态
过去完成时
现在进行时
现在时态
动词的时态
过去将来时
现在完成时
一般将来时
现在完成进行时
动词的时态和语态
将来时态
将来进行时
将来完成时
主动语态
动词的语态
被动语态
研考点·记歌诀
小试牛刀
老点一
动词的时态
(一)一般现在时,一般过去时和一般将来时
时态
用法
例句
常用时间状语
Knowledge is power..知识就是力量。
表述客观真理和客观存在
Time and tide wait for no man.岁月不等人。
及自然现象
China lies in the east of Asia.中国位于亚洲东部。
often经常
Some Senior 3 students go to school every day besides
usually通常
Sunday.一些高中三年级的学生每天都上学,包括星
always总是
表示习惯性、经常性的动期天。
sometimes有时
般
作,或经常存在的状态
He always goes to work late,which makes the boss angry
every day每天
现
and disappointed.他上班总是迟到,这使老板既生气又
在
once a week每周一次
失望。
时
never从不
on/at/over weekends
When you come across a new word while reading,you'd
在周末
better not look it up.当你在阅读时遇到生词,最好不要
seldom很少
用于时间、条件等状语从句
查词典。
中,表示将来意义
If it doesn't rain,we'l go on a picnic as planned.如果不
下雨,我们将按计划去野餐。
103
悬启航英语
高中英语语法必备
续表
表示按时间表拟定的或安
The final exam takes place next week.期末考试下周¥行。
排好的事情,或要发生的
The train leaves London at six and arrives in Birmingham at
般
动作
eight..火车六点离开伦敦,八点到达伯明翰。
现
在
用在以here,there开头的倒
时
Here comes the bus!公共汽车来了!
装句中,表示现在正在发生
There goes the bell.铃响了。
的动作或存在的状态
Tom suddenly fell ill yesterday and had to stay home for
another day.昨天汤姆突然病了,只好再在家里待
一天。
表示过去完成的事或存在
last year去年
She looked very well when I last saw her.上次我见到她
的状态
yesterday昨天
时,她看上去气色很好。
just now刚才
The person you are looking for went away just now.
last night昨天晚上
般
要找的人刚走。
in2006在2006年
过
at that time当时
去
表示过去经常、反复发生的
I always got up too late,and never had enough time for
at that moment在那时
时
breakfast.我过去总是起床很晚,从来没有足够的时间
动作
the other day前几天
吃早饭。
a few days ago几天前
He wouldn't tell it to Mary when he met her.他碰到玛
in the old days在过
去的岁月里
在时间、条件等状语从句
丽时不会告诉她那件事。
中,表示过去将来的动作
She said she would come if I promised to wait for her.
说如果我答应等她,她会来的。
某些动词用于现在进行时,
可表示按计划、安排将要发
We are going to the cinema tonight.我们打算今晚去看
tomorrow明天
生,但这一动作通常都表示
电影。
不久以后就要发生。此类
some day某一天
My uncle is coming back from abroad.我叔叔要从国外
one day某一天
动词有go,come,stat,
回来了。
next week下周
leave,stay,return,arrive
next year明年
般
begin,take,meet等
from now on从现
将
在起
来
既定的时间如生日、日历、
in the future在将来
时
课时安排、交通时刻表等,
in3 years三年后
通常用一般现在时表示将
The plane takes off at15:05.飞机15:05起飞。
this afternoon今天
来动作。常用动词有be,
School finishes on January18th.学期1月l8号结束。
下午
begin,come,go,leave,stop,
soon马上
end,arrive,
open,stay,
return等
104
第十章动词的时态和语态
启航英语
续表
当主句为一般将来时,以
after,when,while,as soon
as,before,once,if,unless
hen you meet him,tell him to come to my place.你看
引导的时间或条件状语从
到他时告诉他到我住的地方来。
句,及在even if,in case等引
Even if I have to sell my house,I'll keep my business
导的状语从句中,要用一般
going.即使要卖掉我的房子,我还是要继续我的事业。
现在时表示将来;在the
The harder you work,the better the results will be.
more..,the more..句型
作越努力,结果就越好。
中,从句也要用一般现在时
代替将来时
如果主句是一般将来时,连
The man who marries my daughter will need to be
接词so,who,whether,where
等引导的从句中,也可以用
tough,fast-moving and quick-thinking.娶我女儿的人
般
必须得是身体强壮、反应迅速、思维敏捷的人。
一般现在时表示将来时
将
来
“be going to+动词原形”可
时
表示将来情况。人作主语
They are going to hold a meeting to discuss it.他们打算
时表示打算做某事;物作主
召开会议来讨论这件事。
语时表示目前迹象表明将
This rope is going to break soon.这条绳子就快断了。
要发生某事
“beto+动词原形”表示按计
They are to meet at the gate of the school.他们将在学
划、安排将要做某事
校门口见面。
be about to do sth.表示即将
Be quiet!The film is about to start.安静!电影马上就
发生的动作,不能和表示将
开始了。
来的时间状语连用
“wil/shall+动词原形”表示
He will graduate from the college next year.他明年大学
将来发生的动作或存在的
毕业。
状态
巧学妙记
句中谓语用过去式,过去时间作标记。
般现在时用法歌诀
否定句,很简单,主语之后didn't添。
用好一般现在时,时间状语需牢记。
疑问构成也有法,主语前面did加。
一般现在时,表示经常发生(的)事。
还有一点记心间,后面的动词要还原。
主语人称是三单,动词要把-s/-s添。
一般将来时用法歌诀
主语之后是谓语,肯定陈述的语序。
动词一般将来时,表示将要发生事。
一般疑问do当先,否定谓语don't添。
谓语动词要记清,助词will+原形。
基本用法要记清,状语习惯经常性。
时间状语表将来,一般情况离不开。
客观真理和能力,有时还表将来时。
要变一般疑问句,wil主语前面移。
一般过去时用法歌诀
否定句式也简单,will后边not添。
动词一般过去时,表示过去发生事。
105
悬启航英语
高中英语语法必备
5.As soon as he
(come)back,I'll tell him
小试牛刀
the news.
单句语法填空
6.If the weather had been fine,we could have got in
1.-Do you know if Sam will go camping this
our crops.But it
rain)all day
weekend?
7.My father
(work)as a painter for about
-Sam?Never!He
(hate)tents and
five years,but now he is a teacher.
polluted air!
8.The other day,I (go)for a picnic with
2.The teacher told us the earth
(go)
my classmates.
around the sun.
9.The day before yesterday,he
fall)ill.
3.We'll have to stay at home if it
rain)
10.Last Sunday they
(have)a picnic at the
tomorrow.
foot of the hill.
4.The plane
take)off at five.
(二)现在进行时,过去进行时和过去将来时
时态
用法
例句
常用时间状语
表示说话时正在进行的
What are you doing now,Bob?Grandma is asking to see
动作或状态
you.鲍勃,你在干什么?奶奶要见你。
George is working on a new book about stories in schools
表示现阶段正在进行的
现
乔治在写一本关于校园故事的书。
now现在
动作,虽然此时此刻动作
在
I am helping my dad on the farm this summer vacation..这right now现在
不一定正在进行
进
个暑假我在农场帮爸爸。
at present目前
行
at this moment就现在
时
She is always thinking of others instead of herself..t她总是
these days这些天
与副词always,forever等想着别人而不是她自己。(赞扬)
连用,表达说话者的某种Why are you always coming late for class'?You are close
感情色彩
to being suspended.你怎么上学总是迟到?你快被开除
了。(批评)
At7:O0 last night I was having dinner..昨晚七点时我在
表示在过去某一时间正
吃饭。
在进行的动作
What were you doing at that time?那时你正在做什么?
at that time当时
过
at five yesterday
去
表示在过去某一段时间We were working from two to four yesterday afternoon.昨天
昨天五点时
进
进行的动作
下午我们从两点一直工作到四点。
this time yesterday
行
表示一个动作发生时,另When you phoned yesterday,I was playing computer
昨天这个时候
时
一个动作正在进行
chess..你昨天打电话时,我正在电脑上下棋。
the whole morning
整个上午
用于描写故事情景,或提It was a dark night and it was snowing heavily.那是一个
供故事发生的时间背景
漆黑的夜晚,当时雪下得很大。
106
第十章动词的时态和语态
启航英语
续表
表示从过去某一时间看
Last week he promised that he would come,but he hasn't
将要发生的动作或存在
arrived until now.上周他答应来的,可现在还没到。
的状态。常用于宾语从He said that he would wait for me at the gate.他说他将在
句或间接引语中
大门口等我。
过
去
was/were going to doYou were going to give me your address but you didn't.
two days later两天后
将
示过去将来
你准备给我你的地址的,可你当时没给我。
the next week下周
来
was/were to do表示过去
The conference on SARS was to be held the next week.
the following day第二天
时
将来
于SARS的讨论会将于下周举行。
was/were about to do表
was about to turn on the power of the computer when the
示过去将来
electricity was cut off..我正要打开电脑电源,这时电被
切断了。
巧学妙记
4.-I saw Ann at the concert yesterday.
-Impossible.She
(play)chess with me
现在进行时用法口诀
in my room then.
主语在句首,am,is,are跟在后,现在分词
5.-Why did you go to watch the diving competition
跟着走,其他成分不可丢。表示动作正进行,句
yesterday?
中now时间定。一般问句这样变,把be提到主
-My brother
(play).
语前。否定句式也简单,be后再把not添。
6.At two o'clock yesterday afternoon,my father
work)in the vegetable garden.
7.When they got to the destination,the sun
小试牛刀
(shine)brightly..
8.He said he
(return)to his hometown the
单句语法填空
next month
l.Listen!The girl
(play)the piano in the
9.-Lucy,you didn't come to the ball last night?
next room.
-I
(go),but I had an unexpected
2.Look!They
swim)in the lake.
visitor.
3.When I got home,Mum
cook)lunch in
10.He said they
(return)to their
motherland in the near future.
the kitchen.
(三)现在完成时,过去完成时和现在完成进行时
时态
用法
例句
常用时间状语
He has already phoned me about the theft.他已经给我来
already已经
表示说话之前已经完成
电话说过有关偷窃的事了。
yet已经
的动作,而且这个动作的
结果对现在仍有影响
The manager has just left.If only you had come a moment
just刚刚
earlier.经理刚走。你要是能早来一会儿就好了。
recently最近
lately最近
现
never从未
在
表示过去已经开始,持续
I have travelled to most of the cities in China since five
ever曾经
years ago.五年来我已游遍了中国的大多数城市。
only twice仅两次
到现在,而且还可能继续
成
下去的动作或状态
Great changes in every field have taken place in the last before
时
ten years.过去十年里各方面都发生了巨大的变化。
by this time到这个时候
since then自那以来
(ever)since自那以来
I'll go home as soon as I've finished all my homework.
for a long time很长时间了
在时间、条件等从句中
一做完作业就回家。
in the past/last few years
代替将来完成时
Don't get off until the bus has stopped.车停下来之前不最近几年里
要下车。
so far到目前为止
107
是启航英语
高中英语语法必备
续表
When we got there,the football match had already started
表示在过去某一具体时
我们赶到时,足球比赛已经开始了。
间或动作之前已经完成
The train had left before I got to the station.我到车站前
的动作,常用by,before
火车已开走了。
等介词短语或状语从句
I had learned maths all by myself by the age of fourteen.
by the end of last week到
过
表示
到14岁时我就已自学完了数学。
上周末为止
去
表示过去某一时间以前
by that time到那时为止
完
的经历,常与before,I had worked in a car factory for two years before I came
since he came to China自
成
since引导的表示过去的here.我来这儿之前已在一家汽车厂工作了两年。
他到中国之后
时
时间状语连用
before that year那年之前
long before很久以前
在已叙述了过去发生的
事后,反过来追述、补述Mr Smith died yesterday.He had been a good neighbour
更早发生的动作时,常用of mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他曾是我的好邻居。
过去完成时
What have you been doing all this time?这段时间你
表示动作从过去某一时直在干什么?(动作可能继续下去)
间开始一直延续到现在I have been fixing the fridge all this morning.我一上午都
或离现在不远的时间。在修理电冰箱。(动作可能会继续下去)
多用延续性动词
Have you been waiting long for me?你等我很久了吗?
现
(动作不再继续)
all this time这段时间
在
完
You've been saying you can succeed for five years.五年this week这个星期
表示动作在断断续续地来你一直在说你能成功。
this month这个月
成
重复
I have been visiting some cities of China this month.我这all night整个晚上
进
个月在访问中国的几个城市。
all the morning整个上午
行
recently最近
时
I have been wanting to meet you for a long time.和你见
面是我盼望已久的事了。
表示带有强烈的表扬或Too much has been happening today.今天真是一个多事
厌恶等感情色彩
的日子。
You know,you really have been making things terribly
difficult for him.你要知道,你也真是太为难他啦。
巧学妙记
过去动作或状态,一直延续到现在,for或
现在完成时用法歌诀
since把时间带。
学习现在完成时,谓语结构要记住
过去完成时用法口决
“have/has+过去分词”。
had加上“过去分”,构成过去完成时。
主要用法有两个
过去完成的意义,也表“完成”或“延续”。
过去发生的动作,对现在影响或结果,juSt,
不过“时间”往前推,它表“过去的过去”。
already常用着。
若有主、从两个句,先后动作分别叙。
哪个在先哪“完成”,哪个在后哪“过去”。
108
第十章动词的时态和语态
启航英语
续表
小试牛刀
Breakfast is provided in our hotel
单句语法填空
from 7 to 9 o'clock on weekdays.
1.So far this year we
see)a rise in food
们旅馆在工作日的七点至九点提
没有必要说出
prices.
供早餐。
动作的执行者
2.Since then he
(be)in China.
或根本不知道
Printing was introduced into Europe
3.The construction of the two new railway lines
from China.印刷术是从中国引人
动作的执行者
complete)by now.
欧洲的。
是谁
4.Over the past five years the Greens
All the work has been finished by
(plant)thousands of trees on the hill.
now.到现在为止所有的工作都已
5.Up to now,he
write)five novels.
经做完了。
6.By the time I got to school,class
The window glass was broken by a
(begin).
动作的执行者
stone.窗户玻璃是被石头打碎的。
7.The hotel wasn't particularly good,but I
不是人而是无
I was deeply impressed by Jimmy's
(stay)in many worse hotels.
生命的事物
good behaviours.吉米的良好行为
8.By1980,we
plant)five thousand trees
给我留下了深刻的印象。
along the road.
有时出于礼貌,
I have been told many times not to
9.I'm too tired now,for I
work)for about
不便提到动作
make noises..有人多次告诉我不要
five hours without a break.
的执行者
吵闹。
10.Tokyo
prepare)for the 2020 Olympic
Enough has been done for you,but
Games in the past few years,which has been
动作的执行者
you've made little progress.为你做
postponed to 2021.
有可能是别人
了很多,然而你却很少有进步。
考点二
被动语态的构成及用法
也有可能是
The floor has been dirtied.Let's get
自己
it cleaned.地板都被弄脏了,我们
(一)被动语态的构成
擦一擦吧。
一般现在时
am/is/are done
The prizes will be given to those
一般过去时
was/were done
为了使句子保
who have made great contributions
一般将来时
持平衡
to the world.这些奖将颁发给那些
shall/will be done
为世界做出突出贡献的人。
过去将来时
should/would be done
Marcia was born in Malaysia in
现在进行时
am/is/are being done
1995.玛西亚1995年出生于马来
过去进行时
was/were being done
有些习惯用法
西亚。
只以被动语态
现在完成时
have/has been done
My hometown is situated in southern
形式出现
过去完成时
had been done
Shandong Province.我的家乡坐落
将来完成时
在山东省南部。
will/would have been done
(二)被动语态的用法
小试牛刀
用法
例句
单句语法填空
The plan was successfully carried
1.No decision
make about any future
强调动作的承
out.这个计划成功地实施了。
受者,将承受者
appointment until all the members have given their
Mr White is greatly respected by all
作为谈话的
views.
ofus.怀特先生很受我们大家的
中心
2.-What's the noise?
尊敬。
The machine
(repair),
109
是启航英语
高中英语语法必备
3.Up to now,two films
make).
续表
4.In recent years two chess clubs
run)to
Her mother is ill and requires
make a profit in my neighbourhood.
在need,want,require等
looking after.她妈妈病了,需
5.All the food
(eat)up by now.
表示“需要”的动词后
要照顾。
6.-When will the expert come and give the lecture
用.-ing的主动形式表
The table wants cleaning.这张
on economic development?
示被动意义
桌子该擦了。
-Not until our programme
approve)
by the authorities.
The film is instructive.It is
be worth后跟y.-ing的
7.The problem
explain)twice.But I still
well worth seeing.这部电影
主动形式表示被动意义
can't understand it.
有教育意义,很值得一看。
8.The project
complete)next month
blame的不定式作表语
In this matter he seems to be
9.The new house
build)so far.
时,可用主动语态表示被in no way to blame.在这件事
10.My hometown
situate)on the river
动意义
情上,看来他没有什么责任。
bank.
某些短语动词主动形式
The question hasn't come up
考点三
主动形式表被动意义
yet.这个问题还没有被提
表示被动意义
出来。
说明
例句
小试牛刀
某些感官动词和系动词,
The mixture tastes terrible.
种混合物尝起来味道很差。
如smell,taste,
feel
单句语法填空
sound,prove等后跟形
She proves very patient and
1.The water
feel)cold at this time of
wam-hearted.她被证明很有
容词
year.
耐心、很热心。
2.The food
taste)good.
某些可用来表示主语内
This
kitchen cleans
very
3.The car
(not start)on such a cold day.
在“品质”或“性能”的及
easily..这个厨房很容易清洗。
4.The water
(feel)cool when I jumped
物动词,如lock,shut,
The cloth washes well..这种布
into the pool for morning exercise.
open,move,read,write,
料很容易洗。
5.Tom is
(blame)for the broken window.
sell,wash,clean,catch
The door won't shut.这个门
draw,cut等
关不上。
6.The stamp is well worth
(buy).It's good
value for money.
某些表示“发生(happen
The
news that the famous
7.My pen
write)well,so I like it very
take place/occur)"“爆发singer would give a show
much.
(break out/burst out)”和spread quickly.这位著名的歌
“传播(spread)”的不及
手要来演出的消息散布得
8.The war
(break)out in 1980.
物动词
很快。
9.Her car needs
wash).
10.The cloth
(sell)well.
做真题·练基础
新露头角
I.单句语法填空
The“sunshine scent(香昧)”of freshly sunned
1.(2025·全国一卷)“The players'personalities
clothes
(be)one of them.
reveal)during the game,and one's
3.(2025·1月浙江卷)The concept
(be)
weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,"she
adds.
certainly not new-men have been renting good
2.(2025·全国二卷)And in the process,'ve
suits for decades-but for female shoppers,it is
experienced things that really surprise me at times.
just taking off.
110
第十章动词的时态和语态
启航英语是
4.(2024·新课标I卷)Further,the Silk Route
(promise)to fly as little as possible since the
Garden around the greenhouse
walk)
effort started two years ago.
visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient
15.(2022·1月浙江卷)Travelling to conferences,
Silk Road.
lectures,workshops,and the like-frequently by
5.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later,.asix-
plane-
view )as important for
meter-tall pavilion,inspired by The Peony
scientists to get together and exchange information.
Pavilion,
(build)at the Firs Garden,just
16.(2021·全国甲卷)W
、
(hire)our
ten minutes'walk from Shakespeare's birthplace.
bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
6.(2024·1月浙江卷)Over the last two years,
17.(2021·新高考I卷)You can't help wondering
how hard it
(be)for the people then to
some supermarkets
start selling
put all those rocks into place.
chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves
18.(2021·6月浙江卷)It doesn't impress like
containing separate portions ()
George Washington's plantation on the Potomac,
7.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)As a little girl,I
but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield,
(wish)to be a zookeeper when I grew up.Now,
Illinois,
prove)irresistible to visitors
I'm living out that dream indirectly by helping the
since it opened to the public.
panda keepers do their job in English.
19.(2021·6月浙江卷)After Lincoln was elected
8.(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited several times
President of the US in 1861,they rented the
over the last 10 years,I
amaze)by the
house and
sell)most of their
co-existence of old and new,and how a city was
furniture.
able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产)while
20.(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the
constantly growing.
most complete city wall that has survived China's
9.(2023·1月浙江卷)In the Ming Dynasty,
long history.It
build)originally to
citizens of higher social classes
permit)
protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now
to live closer to the center of the circles.
been completely restored(修复).
10.(2023·1月浙江卷)The large siheyuan of these
21.(2021·6月浙江卷)Mary's niece wrote,“The
high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen
little home
(paint)white.It was sweet
and fresh.Mary loved it."
often
feature)beautifully carved and
22.(2021·1月浙江卷)It is calculated by dividing a
painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).
person's weight in kg by their height in meters
11.(2022·全国乙卷)The chairman of China
squared,and a BMI of between 19 and 25
Culture Promotion Society
address
(consider)healthy.
the opening ceremony.
23.(2020·全国卷I)It means we have the chance
12.(2022·全国卷I)The GPNP
to obtain information about how the moon
(design)to reflect the guiding principle of...
construct)
13.(2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years,Cao
24.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)They smiled and
(walk)through34 countries in six
point)down the river.
continents.
25.(2020·7月浙江卷)Then,with the rise of
14.(2022·1月浙江卷)Roughly200 academics-
science,changes began.New methods
many of them climate scientists-
(mean)that fewer people worked in farming
111
是启航英语
高中英语语法必备
26.(2020·7月浙江卷)And,as more children were
5.They chose Mr.Li their doctor in1987.(改为被动
born,more food
need)
语态)
27.(2020·7月天津卷)-You are a great swimmer.
Mr.Li
-Thanks.It's because I
practise)a lot
in1987.
these days.
6.A new storybook is being written by Mr.Smith.
Ⅱ.语法与写作—单句微练
(改为主动语态)
1.The government gives the students f 50 a year to
Mr.Smith
cover the cost of books and stationery.(改为被动
语态)
7.The students clean their classroom every day.
The
students
为被动语态)
the government to
Their classroom
cover the cost of books and stationery.
every day.
2.They put off the sports meeting till next week.
8.A small boy saw him enter the house..(改为被动
为被动语态)
语态)
The sports meeting
He
the
till next week by them.
house by a small boy.
3.The teacher teaches us Chinese in a new way.
9.The coach has called our team leader in and is
为被动语态)
questioning him now.(改为被动语态)
We
in a new way
Our team leader
by the teacher
and
now.
4.The monitor told us that there would be a lecture
l0.He is often heard to sing in his room.(改为主动
on physics tomorrow morning.(改为被动语态)
语态)
We
that there would be a
We often
in his
lecture on physics tomorrow morning.
room.
提能力·助写作
炉火纯青
I.单句语法填空
4.Peking Opera is demanding because of the
1.In the race,a drummer
use)a large
extensive list of skills it
(require).
traditional wooden drum to keep the paddlers on
5.He started collecting decorative patterns from rural
the beat,while a steersman in the back keeps them
areas and recorded them in an online database in
in their lane.
2013 that now
(contain)more than
20,000 traditional decorations.
2.Starting in September 2021,Salopek set off from
6.Since the appearance of modern mechanical
Yunnan Province and
plan to walk
umbrellas,traditional oil-paper
umbrellas
through many regions.
(suffer)from declining sales,while the
3.As a freshman in college,Chelsea Fagan got her
number of craftsmen has been on the decrease.
first credit card.Without really understanding how
7.They had to rely on security guards for transferring
the credit system works,she maxed out her credit
their wealth-gold and silver.The method was
card and
throw)out the card without
hardly safe and thus
lead to the
paying the bill.
emergence of piaohao.
112是启航英语
高中英语语法必备
5.contacting根据句意和设空前的“or”可知,“调查并参观
这些装饰图案可能被传承的地方”与“联系博物馆和专
家”为选择关系,设空处作介词including的宾语,应与
investigating和visiting的形式保特一致,故填contacting。
6.used分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是have,设空
处在句中作非谓语,use与其逻辑主语chopsticks之间是动
宾关系,用过去分词作状语,故填used。
7.to save分析句子结构可知.设空处在句中作非谓语,结
合句意可知,此处表示“为了节省时间”,用不定式短语作
目的状语,故填to save。
8.making
分析句子结构可知,设空处以及后面的itan
archaeologist's dream在句中作结果状语,故用现在分词表
示自然而然的结果,故填making
9.possessing分析句子结构并结合句意可知,本句已有谓语
动词,设空处为非谓语,且possess和其逻辑主语works of
at之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词形式作后置定语,故填
possessing
10.originating分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词,设
空处在此作非谓语,且originate与Bamboo weaving art之
间为逻辑上的主谓关系,用现在分词短语作后置定语,故
填originatingo
11.reaching分析句子结构可知,此处考查with复合结构,
reach与其逻辑主语business之间为主谓关系,故用现在
分词,故填reachingo
l2.to track根据句意可知,此处指“Fagan开通个人博客是
为了记录自己的预算”,应用不定式短语作目的状语,故
填to track。
l3.weighing分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词,设空
处在句中作非谓语,weigh与其逻辑主语The blue whale
之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作后置定语,故填
weighing。
14.togt根据句意可知,此处指“地球气候的变化促使鲸
鱼变得如此之大”。cause..to do sth.意为“促使…做
某事”,是固定搭配,故填to get。
15.based分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词,设空处用
作非谓语,base用作动词,意为“把总部设在”,与逻辑主
语agency为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作定语,故
填based.
l6.to have been used本题考查“主语+is+及物动词的过去
分词+动词不定式”这一固定句型,相当于Its+及物动词
的过去分词+hat从句:由于The term与use之间是逻辑
上的动宾关系,且use这一动作已经完成,故填to have
been used
17.educating分析句子结构可知,设空前是介词on,而介词
后面需要接动名词形式,故填educating。
18.introducing
分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语动词,设
空处在句中作非谓语,且introduce与主语the Mongol
Empire构成了逻辑上的主谓关系,故填introducing。
19.selling句意:现在,它不仅专注于销售图书,而且还把书
店的功能与咖啡屋、创意性文化产品的售卖相结合。动
词短语devote..to(致力于)中的to为介词,后加名词或
动名词作宾语;根据提示词sll可知设空处填动名词
selling
20.to fall句意:但是如果你确实发现在晚上很难人睡或者
晚上睡眠质量不佳,那么你应该避免小睡,尽量在晚上增
强健康的睡意。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语。本句中t
作形式宾语,设空处作真正宾语,根据or后的stay可推
知设空处需填不定式形式,故填to fall。.
1.With the homework finished/Having finished the homework/
After finishing the homework
2.having a good time/enjoying myself
3.When seeing me
4.the fresh fruit bought in the supermarket
5.taught me how to catch fish
6.Fixing our attention on fishing/Absorbed in fishing,we
almost forgot to have lunch
7.Bringing the fish home
188
8.I helped him clean the house
9.When it was time for me to leave
10.giving me some gifts
第十章动词的时态和语态
9研考点·记歌诀
一小试牛刀
考点一
小试牛刀
1.hates
本题是对一般事实的描述,故使用一般现在时
形式。
2.goes
客观规律与一般现在时连用。
3.rains
f引导条件状语从句,在条件状语从句中要用一般
现在时表示将来。
4.takes
飞机、轮船等均为定点出发,故用一般现在时
5.comes
主句用一般将来时,时间状语从句用一般现在时
6.rained本题考查一般过去时的用法。本题的精妙之处在
于用了一个虚拟语气If..had been fine...could
have got...
7.worked过去真实情况用一般过去时。
8.went the other day前几天,与一般过去时连用。
9.fell 10.had
(二)
l.is playing listen后的句子与现在进行时连用。
2.are swimming look后的句子用现在进行时。
3.was cooking过去特定时间正在干某事,用过去进行时
4.was playing
从上文“yesterday”这一时间状语,可知本句
所表示的动作在过去某一时间点正在进行。
5.was playing
表示过去某一时刻正在干某事
6.was working
过去特定的时间点在干某事用过去进行时。
7.was shining
8.would return主句用一般过去时,宾语从句用过去的某
时态,再由句意可知用过去将来时。
9.was going to
句意:
一LCy,你昨天晚上没来参加舞会
吗?
-我本打算要去的,但是突然有一位客人来访。
10.would retum/were to return主句用一般过去时,宾语从
句用过去的某一时态,再由句意可知用过去将来时。
(三)
1.have seen so far与现在完成时连用
2.has been since then与现在完成时连用.
3.has been completed complete为及物s动词,The construction
为中心词,作主语时谓语应用单数形式,由时间状语by
now可知用现在完成时,结合语境,可知用被动语态。
4.have planted
5.has written
6.had begun by加过去的时间,主句用过去完成时。
7.had stayed由句中的wose可知该句是表达比较的含义
故本题句意应为“这家旅馆并不特别好,但是我住过比它
更差的旅馆”。由于The hotel wasn't particularly good中的
时态是一般过去时态,所以say这一动作应发生在描述情
况之前,故须用过去完成时态。
8.had planted表示过去的过去用过去完成时
9.have been working从过去开始到现在一直在做某事用现
在完成进行时。
IO.has been preparing in the past few years与现在完成进行
时连用,表示动作从过去开始一直在进行。
考点二
小试牛刀
1.will be made
从句中使用了have given their views,这里
用现在完成时代替将来完成时,故主句使用将来时。
2.is being repaired因为问句中是一般现在时态,所以答语
应和问句保持时间的一致。
3.have been made
4.have been run in recent years多与现在完成时态连用,而
chess clubs与run之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故须用被动
语态。
5.has been eaten by now与现在完成时连用,food与eat为
逻辑上的动宾关系,须用被动语态。
6.has been approved主句用一般将来时,时间状语从句用
现在完成时代替将来完成时,programme与approve之间
为被动关系
7.has been explained
根据句意可知用现在完成时,该处用
被动形式。
8.will be completed一般将来时的被动语态
9.has been built so far与现在完成时连用,house与build之
间为被动关系,用被动语态。
10.is situated
考点三
小试牛刀
1.feels feel为系动词.无被动式
2.tastes
3.won't start won't start不好启动
4.felt feel“感觉起来”是系动词.系动词无被动语态,根据
下文中jumped可知应用过去时
5.to blame to blame为主动式表被动,意为“该受责备”。
6.buying be well worth doing很值得做
7.writes
My pen writes well.我的钢笔好用
8.broke 9.washing/to be washed 10.sells
目做真题·练基础
斩露头角
l.are revealed分析句子结构可知,设空处是谓语动词,此
处描述的是客观情况,应用一般现在时。主语The players'
personalities是复数,且与reveal是被动关系,应用被动语
态。故填are revealed。
2.is分析句子结构可知,本句的主语是sunshine scent,句中
缺少谓语,此处描述的是客观情况,应用一般现在时。故
填is。
3.is分析句子结构可知,“men have been renting good suits
for decades”是对“The concept
certainly not
new"这句话的解释说明。此处描述客观事实,应用一般现
在时,且主语“The concept'”是单数概念。故填is。
4.walks分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语。walk
sb.through意为“带领某人穿过.”,本句描述了the Silk
Route Garden的客观情况,应用一般现在时:主语the Sill
Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用单数形式。故填
walks。
5.was built分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语,主语
asix-meter-tall pavilion与build之间是被动关系,应用被动
语态;根据时间状语“Two years later'”可知,此处描述过去
的情况,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。
6.have started根据时间状语“Over the last two years'”可知,
此处应用现在完成时。主语为复数名词supermarkets,且
与start之间是主动关系。故填have started
7.wished分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,根据后
文的“gew”可知用一般过去时态,且wish和主语I之间是
主动关系,故填wished。
8.was amazed根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a
rich heritage(遗产)while constantly growing”可知,本句
用一般过去时态:主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系,所
以用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was amazed。
9.were permitted考查动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致
此处描述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时态。
citizens of higher social classes与permit之间是被s动关系
故用被动语态:主语citizens是复数形式,故填were
permitted。
l0.featured考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处
在此作谓语。此处描述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般
过去时态,故填featured。
答案全解全析
启航英语是
Il.addressed句意:中国文化促进社会会长在开幕式上致
辞。陈述过去事情,应用一般过去时。故填addressed
12.is designed句意:GPNP旨在体现…的指导原则。设
空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语the GPNP之间为被动
关系:叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为
般现在时的被动语态,主语为单数。故填is designed。.
13.has walked句意:在过去的五年里,曹穿越了六大洲的
34个国家。根据时间状语“In the last five years”可知,此
处应用现在完成时。主语Co为第三人称单数。故填
has walked。
l4.have promised根据时间状语“since the effort started two
years ago”可知,设空处应用现在完成时。又因主语为复
数。故填have promised。
15.is viewed/has been viewed空处为句子的谓语成分,句
子主语为动名词短语“Travelling to.,and the like'”,表示
单数概念,与view为被动关系,再结合语境可知,此处可
表示现在的情况或已经发生过的对现在造成影响的动
作。故填is viewed/has been viewed.
16.hired句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句
子可知,此处为谓语动词,根据上下文可知,此处描述过
去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填
hired
17.was句意:你不禁会想,对当时的人们来说,把这些石头
都安置好有多难。分析句子可知,“how hard it
(be)for the people then to put all those rocks into place"
wonder的宾语,it是从句的形式主语,不定式为其正主
语,谓语动词用单数形式,安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的
事情,应用一般过去时。故填was。
l8.has proved./has proven句意:它不像乔治华盛颅在波托
马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象,但林肯在伊
利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家,自从向公众开放以
来,就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句子成分
可知,设空处作谓语动词,Lincoln's home in downtown
Springfield,linois作主语;结合句意及设空处后的时间
状语从句since it opened to the public可知,此处指过去发
生的事情对现在造成的影响,符合现在完成时概念,故设
空处用现在完成时:现在完成时结构是has/have+过去分
词;主语Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield,Illinois
是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has,提示词prove的过去
分词形式是proved或proven。故填has proved/has
proven
19.sold句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房
子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前
面的动词rented一起做并列谓语:根据时间状语1861可
知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sll的过去形式是sold.
故填sold
20.was built句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造
的,现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知,空格处为谓
语,动词build和主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态(be
done),根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知,用
般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,主语t为第三人称单数
主谓一致,故填was built。
21.was painted句意:这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子
结构可知,设空处作谓语动词,The little home作主语
结合句意及常识可知,房子是“被漆”的,主语和谓语动词
之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态:根据上文的wrote
可知,此处为一般过去时态:一般过去时的被动语态结构
是was/were+过去分i词;主语The little home是单数第三
人称,所以要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是
painted。故填was painted.
22.is considered句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重
(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认
为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(
BMI)是单数,时态是一般现在时,且主语和consider是表
被动关系,故填is considered
23.is constructed考查动词的语态和主谓一致。本句陈述
的是客观事实,应用一般现在时。主语“the moon”与动
词construct之间构成被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动
语态形式。故填is constructed。
189
是启航英语
高中英语语法必备
24.pointed
考查动词的时态。根据本句中“smiled and”可
知,空处应用一般过去时,与“smiled”的时态一致。故填
pointed。
25.meant
考查动词的时态。根据上文中的“changes
began'”和下文中的“fewer people worked in farming'"可
知,此处应用一般过去时。故填meant。
26.was needed考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。动词
need与主语“more food”之间是被动关系,又根据上文的
“were born"可知,空处应用一般过去时:且“food”是不
可数名词,所以谓语动词应用单数。故填was needed。
27.have been practising考查动词的时态。句意:
一你是
一个优秀的游泳运动员。
一谢谢。那是因为这些天我
一直在练习。根据句意再结合时间状语“these days”可
知,“练习”这个动作从过去开始,一直持续到现在,且可
能仍然要继续下去,应用现在完成进行时。故填have
been practising
1.are given f 50 a year by 2.was put off
3.are taught Chinese
4.were told 5.was chosen their doctor
6.is writing a new storybook 7.is cleaned by the students
8.was seen to enter
9.has been called in;is being questioned
10.hear him sing
0提能力·助写作一炉火纯青
1.
1.uses根据该句中的“keeps”,再结合句意可知,该句陈述
的是风俗习惯,故用一般现在时态:该句主语是
drummer,为第三人称单数,故填uses。
2.planned分析句子结构可知,设空处与前面的set off为并
列的谓语动词,根据时间状语“in September2021”可知,应
用一般过去时态,且主语Salopek与plan之间为主动关系,
故填planned。
3.thew分析句子结构可知,本句为并列句,根据设空前的
并列连词and可知,设空处的时态应与设空前并列谓语的
时态保持一致,故应用一般过去时,主语se与hrow之间
是主动关系,故填threw。
4.requires分析句子结构可知,设空处在定语从句中作谓
语。此处为客观描述,时态用一般现在时;require意为“需
要,要求”,与主语是主动关系;主语t指代京剧,为单数概
念,故填requires
5.contains分析句子结构可知,此处为hat引导的定语从
句,that指代上文的an online database,表示单数概念,故从
句的谓语动词用单数:且该句陈述的是客观情况,故用
般现在时,故填contains
6.have suffered分析句子结构可知,此处用作谓语,根据前
面的时间状语“Since the appearance of modern mechanical
umbrellas'”可知,应用现在完成时态;又因主语“traditional
oil-paper umbrellas”表示复数概念且与谓语动词为主动关
系,故填have suffered
7.led根据上文“The method was hardly safe”可知,此处陈
述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时态;又因主语The
method与lead之间是主动关系,故填led。
8.decided根据时间状语“In2018”可知,该句陈述的是过
去发生的事情,故用一般过去时态,故填decided。
9.is made分析句子结构可知,设空处是谓语部分。根据前
面的时间状语“Now”可知,此处描述的是目前的情况,故
应用一般现在时态;主语Their team表示第三人称单数概
念且和设空处是被动关系,故用一般现在时的被动语态,
故填is made。
10.was held分析句子结构可知,设空处在本句中作谓语。
根据上文中的“The first‘Window of Chinese Books'in
Europe was launched on Tuesday”可知,应用一般过去时
态:主语The online event是第三人称单数形式且与hold
之间是被动关系,故填was held。
11.had been分析句子结构可知,设空处用作比较状语从句
的谓语。结合句意可知,设空处所表示的状态明显是在
grew之前,为“过去的过去”,需用过去完成时,故填had
been。
190
I2.be distributed分析句子结构可知,设空处与前面wil构
成谓语。设空处与主语The money之间为被动关系,因
此使用被动语态;w后跟动词原形,所以此处用一般将
来时的被动语态,故填be distributed。
13.will be sold
根据设空前的“There will be both regular
and zero-sugar options available'”可知,此处描述的是将来
的情况,所以用一般将来时。且句子主语it和sl之间
是被动关系,所以用一般将来时的被动语态,故填wib肥
sold.。
14.is located分析句子结构可知,设空处作主句的谓语
此处陈述了一个客观事实,用一般现在时态;be located in
意为“坐落于,位于”:主语It为第三人称单数形式,故填
is located。
15.has been分析句子结构可知,设空处用作本句的谓语
根据时间状语“since the Ming Dynasty”可知,用现在完成
时态,主语Beijing为第三人称单数形式,故填has been.
l6.has become根据设空前的时间状语“by now”可知,应
用现在完成时态;主语he为第三人称单数形式且与
become为主动关系,故填has become.
I7.have shaped根据该句中的时间状语“so far(到目前为
止)”可知,应用现在完成时态;又根据主语为boh可知,
谓语动词应用复数形式,故填have shaped。
l8.are required根据语境可知,此处是对现在事情的陈述
应用一般现在时态:且句子的主语Most students和谓语
require之间是被动关系,故填are required
19.involves句意:中国传统婚礼通常涉及几个必要的步
骤,比如:说媒、定亲、迎娶和拜堂。本题考查谓语动词的
时态和主谓一致。本句介绍的是中国的风俗,故用一般
现在时;主语The traditional Chinese marriage为单数第三
人称概念,故填involves
20.has offered句意:为了鼓励实体书店的发展,到目前为
止,政府已经为书店提供了减税政策。考查时态。根据
时间状语Sofr(到目前为止)可知设空处用现在完成
时,故答案为has offered。
0
1.my hometown is a beautiful place
2.it was a poor village
3.had never been to the outside world
4.great changes have taken place
5.a large number of people have built their new houses
6.there are varieties of goods
7.the local government is building a modern school
8.the children will receive better education
9.all the people have been working hard
第十一章
情态动词
研考点·记歌诀
一小试牛刀
4444
4444444444
考点一
4444444444444
对小试牛刀
(一)
1.cn't句意:她不可能离开了学校,因为她的车仍然在这
儿。can't表示不可能。
2.can句中出现sometimes时,用情态动词can表示“有时
候会”
3.can could开头的问句用can回答。
4.can can表示可能性。sometimes出现在句中时,常
用can。
5.can can用于疑问句中表推测。
6.can句中出现at times,与can连用
(二)
1.may句意:Liza极有可能不想去野餐一—她讨厌郊游。
may well意为“很可能,极有可能”。表示猜测。
2.may/might may/might as well不妨。
3.might might大概,也许。
4.ay may表示祝愿放在句首
5.may/might句中出现not sure时通常用may/might。.