第1章 句子成分、种类与基本句型-【启航英语】2026版高中英语语法必备

是启航英语 高中英语语法必备 答案全 第一章 句子成分、种类与基本句型 。研考点·记歌决 小试牛刀 考点一 小试牛刀 I 1.The elderly need taking care of. 老年人需要照料。(“the+形容词”表示一类人，相当于名 词，作主语)》 2.The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。(“the+形容词”表示一类人，相当于 名词，作主语)》 3.Taking exercise regularly keeps us fit. 经常锻炼身体使我们保持健康。（动名词短语作主语）》 4.To read from the paper was not allowed. 从报纸上阅读不被允许。（动词不定式作主语） 5.What he said is true. 他说的是真的。（名词性从句作主语） 1.She can swim across the river. 2.I have been painting the wall all morning. 3.Did he arrive on time? 4.Are you watching TV? 5.Never will I forgive you. 1.They planted many trees yesterday.(名词作宾语) 2.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.("the+ 形容词”表示一类人，相当于名词，作宾语) 3.I wanted to buy a car.(动词不定式短语作宾语) 4.I preferred to stay at home.(动词不定式短语作宾语) 5.I enjoy watching TV.(动名词短语作宾语) L.explained后加to。“向某人解释某事”，应说explain to sb. sth.而不能说explain sb.sth.。 2.for改为to。“向某人解释某事”，应说explain sth.tosb. 而不能说explain sth.for sb. 3.te后加you。tell意为“告诉”时，要说tell sb.sth.,而不 能说tell sth.g 4.was told。根据宾语从句she could be...可知，此处是过去 发生的动作，而且Sarah和tell之间是被动关系，故填wa told。 5.去掉to。“把某物借给某人”，应说lend sb.sth.或者lend sth.tosb.。间接宾语在前时，间接宾语前不用to。 V 1.They appointed him manager.他们任命他为经理。（名词作 宾补) 2.I found her crying.我发现她在哭。（非谓语动词作宾补) 3.We think i其apity that she didn't come here.我们认为她没 有来是件遗憾的事情。（名词作宾补） 4.They painted the door green.他们把门漆成绿色。（形容词 作宾补) 5.He pushed the door open..他把门推开。（形容词作宾补） 174 解全析 VI. 1.stay在这里是系动词，表示“仍然处于某种状态” 2.第一个tasted是实义动词，“品尝”；第二个是系动词，“尝 起来” 3.ie在这里是系动词，表示“处于某种状态” 4.pove在这里是系动词，表示“被证明是”，不用被动语态。 5.本句中prove是实义动词，表示“证明”。 VI. 1.Tom and John作the two boys的同位语 2.the largest city in China作Shanghai的同位语。 3.one代指的是a new life,是前面a new life的同位语。one 后是定语从句，来修饰one。 4.half of what it used to charge是前面$20的同位语，意为 “只是它过去收费的一半”。 5.a large bus company是Interstate的同位语，是对其进行解 释说明。 考点二 小试牛刀 1.动词谓语2.动词不定式定语3.现在分词状语 4.形容词定语5.动词谓语6.形容词定语7.副词 状语8.形容词表语9.名词宾语10.名词定语 1.The letter on the desk is for Mr.Wu 桌子上的那封信是给吴先生的。（介词短语作后置定语） 2.The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother 怀里抱婴儿的那个妇女是他的母亲。(with的复合结构作 后置定语) 3.We need a place twice larger than this one. 我们需要一个比这个地方大两倍的地方。（形容词短语作 后置定语) 4.She carried a basket full of eggs. 她提着一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。（形容词短语作后置定语） 5.It's a book worth no more than one dollar. 那是一本仅值一美元的书。（形容词短语作后置定语） 6.It's a city far from the coast. 它是一座距海岸很远的城市。（形容词短语作后置定语） 7.The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 楼下的那个人正在尽力睡觉。（副词作后置定语） 8.Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat. 属于食肉动物的老虎以肉为食。（现在分词短语作后置定语）》 9.A man calling himself John wanted to see you. 一个自称为Jon的男人想见你。（现在分词短语作后置 定语) 10.He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home. 在回家的路上，他检起一个躺在地上的钱包。（现在分词 短语作后置定语：副词短语作后置定语) Ⅲ。 1.时间状语2.地点状语 3.原因状语4.原因状语 5.原因状语6.方式状语7.方式状语8.方式状语 9.伴随状语10.目的状语 考点三 小试牛刀 1.SVO 2.SVOA 3.SVP 4.SVOA 5.SVO 6.SVA 7.SVOC 8.SVO 9.SVO 10.SVP 考点四】 小试牛刀 1.What a beautiful flower this is!/How beautiful the flower is! 2.Will you please introduce me to the football club? 3.Tom hasn't been to Shanghai,has he? 4.How fast he runs! 5.None of us knows where he comes from. Ⅱ. 1.going forward/walking forward 2.to be paid for climbing the tree 3.us/our going/returning home 4.to know about this well-known/famous singer 5.tuming down your radio a little/bit 6.writing to;to phone/call/ring 7.making)the same mistakes 8.After we had/Having worked for over/more than three hours 9.it is)brought/taken into the warm room 10.(which/that is)spoken in Australia 目练基础 I. 1.teacher 2.man 3.dictionary 4.To do...homework Ⅱ. 1.B2.A3.C4.A5.C6.C7.D8.C9.A 10.A Ⅲ. 1.homework 2.English 3.attention;pronunciation 4.words 5.to go swimming;you 6.he was ill 7.him 8.bridge;museum 9.it;school 10.who "Father Christmas" really is I. 1.tired 2.worried 3.yellow 4.interested 5.the first V. 1.family 2.your;given 3.third 4.some 5.downstairs 6.of the other shoe V. 1.to read newspapers and books 2.to take the boy out of school 3.difficult 4.Lily 5.get on the bus 6.playing football VI. 1.on her face 2.Every night;upstairs 3.when he was eleven 4.too fast 5.With the medicine box under her arm 6.because she loves books 7.if you've lost it 8.to see the other machine . 1.us,间接宾语a story,直接宾语2.me,间接宾语anew bike,直接宾语3.us,间接宾语history,直接宾语 4.Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语 5.me,间接宾语 message,直接宾语 Q提能力 1.He is leaving tomorrow.(SVA) 2.Something terrible happened yesterday.(SVA) 3.They will stop working at eleven.(SVOA) 4.He is having supper at home now.(SVOA) 5.I told him that the bus was late.(SVOO) 6.He showed me how to run the machine.(SVOO) 7.His father named him Dongming.(SVOC) 8.They painted their boat white.(SVOC) 9.The boys are swimming in the river.(SVA) 10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.SVP) 答案全解全析 启航英语品 1.is listening 2.sleep well 3.lasted for 4.change 5.has come true 6.feels;tired 7.sounds interesting 8.your decision 9.in the study 10.is to look after 1.an apology to you 2.The reason why 3.an exam 4.your arrival 5.a student of Peking University 6.her to meet you 7.your phone number 8.As/So long as you 9.I am 10.your coming 第二章 构词法 叉研考点·记歌决 小试牛刀 考点一 小试牛刀 1.unwise 2.impossible 3.overheated 4.discover 5.unfamiliar 6.endanger 7.unfair 8.undressed 9.discouraged 10.invisible 1.foreigners 2.customers 3.tourists 4.exhibition 5.products 6.arrangement 7.beginning 8.relationship 9.mixture 10.society 考点二 小试牛刀 1.absent-minding-absent-minded 2.English-spoken-English-speaking 3.newly-marrying-newly-married 4.snow-covering-snow-covered 5.grown-upgrown-ups 1.the old-aged 2.a housewife 3.well-informed 4.second-hand 5.easy-going;good-natured/good-tempered 考点三 小试牛刀 1.ability:unable:disability 2.absence 3.absolutely; absoluteness 4.absorbed 5.acceptable;acceptance 6.addicted:addiction 7.additional 8.adjustment 9.admirable;admiration 10.admission 11.ambitious 12.amusing/amused;amusement 13.analysis;analytic 14.anciently 15.anger 16.arrival 17.assistant;assistance 18.association 19.astonishment;astonished/astonishing 20.attendance 21.bathe 22.beauty;beautify 23.belief:believable 24.beneficial 25.bravery:bravely 26.calculation 27.careless:carelessness:care 28.cautious 29.celebration 30.central 考点四 小试牛刀 1.Monday/Mon.Friday/Fri.2.USA 3.AIDS 4.bicycle/cycle/bike 5.x-ray 练基础 1.useless 2.Curiously 3.possibly 4.recovery 5.choice 6.kindness 7.depression 8.suggestion 9.Unfortunately 10.confusing Π. 1.previous-→previously2.closely-→close3.hardly-→hard 4.impatiently-impatient 5.helpfully-helpful 6.terrible-terribly 7.easy-easily 8.exciting-excited g.wonderfully→wonderful 10.widely-→wide 175第一章 句子成分、种类与基本句型 考点架构 句子成分 句何子成分、种类与 基本句型 基本句型 句子种类 研考点·记歌诀 一小试牛刀 考点一 句子成分（一） ①On the desk are some books.(正常语序为： Some books are on the desk.主语是some books,所 (一)主语 以用are)》 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般用名 ②Down jumps the boy.(正常语序为：The boy 词、代词或相当于名词的词、短语或从句来担任。 jumps down.主语是the boy,所以用jumps) A.动词原形不能直接作句子主语，要把它们变 (二)谓语 成动词不定式或动名词，使其具有名词功能后才能 用来作句子的主语 谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有 一般情况下，表示经常性的动作，用动名词：表 的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下： 示将来某一动作，用动词不定式。 I.简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成 DPlaying basketball is my favorite sport. DHe practices running every morning. 打篮球是我最喜爱的运动。（动名词短语作 2He reads newspapers every day. 主语) ③They made a cake for me 2To save money is impossible now Ⅱ.复合谓语由情态动词或其他助动词加动 现在要攒钱是不可能的了。（动词不定式作 词构成 主语)》 B.“the+形容词”表示一类人时，也具有名词功 DYou may keep the book for two weeks. 2He has caught a bad cold. 能，可以作主语 DThe injured have been sent to the hospital 3My sister is crying over there 伤员已经被送到了医院。 4I have been reading the book all the time. 2The sick and the wounded were sent home. 5I would stay at home all day. 病号以及伤员被送回了家。 个注意构成一般疑问句和否定句的助动词 C.陈述句作句子主语时，常用连接词that引 也是复合谓语的一部分。 导，that不能省略 ①Has he come back? DThat we are scoring goals is good. 2He didn't attend the meeting yesterday. 我们进球是好事。 ③Does he like reading? 为了避免句子头重脚轻，我们常用t作形式主 (所以有人把一般疑问句也看作一种倒装句。) 语，而把主语从句放到句末。 2It is good that we are scoring goals. 个注意系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语 D.一般情况下形容词、副词和介词短语是不能 一起作谓语。 作主语的。如果它们在句首，则句子是倒装句，真 ①We are students, 正的主语在后面 ②Your idea sounds great. 001 悬启航英语 高中英语语法必备 (三)宾语 to常表示“到达：给予：向”。强调的是空间关 宾语是动作的对象，作宾语的一般为名词、代 系，即从a到b的移动。 词或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句。宾语分为动 例如：She gave me the pen.=She gave the pen 词宾语和介词宾语。 to me. We have breakfast at seven. 间接宾语放在后面时其前面要加to的常见动 我们七点钟吃早饭。 词有： Tom plays computer games every day. award sb.sth.=award sth.tosb.颁奖给某人 汤姆每天都玩电脑游戏。 bring sb.sth.=bring sth.tosb.把某物带给某人 They bought a new car last week. hand sb.sth.=hand sth.tosb.把某物递给某人 他们上周买了一辆新车。 lend sb.sth.=lend sth..tosb.把某物借给某人 A.“th+形容词”表示一类人时，也具有名词功 mail sb.sth.=mail sth.tosb.把某物寄给某人 能，可以作宾语 offer sb.sth.=offer sth.tosb.将某物提供给某人 DWho will take care of the elderly? owe sb.sth.=owe sth.tosb.欠某人某物 谁来照料上了年纪的人？ pass sb.th.=pass sth.tosb.把某物递给某人 2The nurse always treated the sick and pay sb.sth.=pay sth.tosb.付给某人某物（钱） wounded with kindness. post sb..sth.=post sth.tosb.把某物寄给某人 这位护士总是以蔼然可亲的态度对待伤病员。 B.verb+sb.+sth.verb+sth.+for+sb B.有时副词、介词短语也可作宾语 for表示“为了；代劳：付出了劳力”，强调动作 DHe left there just now. 是“为了谁”。 他刚才离开那里。 例如：I drew you this picture..=I drew this 2He came out from under the bed. picture for you. 他从床下出来。 间接宾语放在后面时其前面要加for的常见动 C.动词原形不能直接作句子宾语，要把它们变 词有： 成动词不定式或动名词，使其具有名词功能后才能 book sb.sth.=book sth.for sb.为某人预订某物 用来作句子的宾语 buy sb.sth.=buy sth.for sb.为某人买某物 动词后面跟不定式作宾语还是动名词作宾语， choose sb.sth.=choose sth.for sb.为某人选某物 主要取决于动词本身的用法。 cook sb.sth.=cook sth.for sb.为某人烹任某物 ①He wanted to go home draw sb.sth.=draw sth.for sb.为某人画某物 他想回家。 fetch sb..sth.=fetch sth.for sb.为某人取某物 2The boy enjoyed playing video games. find sb.sth.=find sth.for sb.为某人找到某物 这个男孩喜欢玩电子游戏。 get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb.为某人拿来某物 (四)双宾语 make sb..sth.=make sth.for sb.为某人做某物 动词后面跟双宾语时，一般是间接宾语在前 order sb.sth.=order sth.for sb.为某人订购某物 直接宾语在后，如：give me a book。当直接宾语为 个注意A.若直接宾语为人称代词，通常不 代词或间接宾语较长时，常把间接宾语放在直接宾 能放在后面 语的后面，如：give it to me;give the book to the 不能说“Bring me it,please.”而要说“Bring it student who has no money to buy one。.此时，间接宾 tome,please.” 语前常要加上介词to或for。 B.explain后跟双宾语时，间接宾语前要有介 A.verb+sb.+sth.verb+sth.+to+sb. 词to: 002 第一章句子成分、种类与基本句型 启航英语悬 explain sth.to sb.explain to sb.sth. 2Tom pushed the door open 这种用法的动词还有suggest,announce,declare等。 汤姆把门推开了。 DI suggested to Mike that we go out for a meal 3He could hardly keep his eyes open. with his colleagues. 他几乎睁不开眼睛。 我向迈克建议我们和他的同事出去吃顿饭。 ④The trees make our schoolyard more 2He announced to me that he was planning a beautiful trip to Europe. 这些树使我们的学校更美丽。 他向我宣布他计划去欧洲旅行。 5We saw some old people seated in the corner. 3He then explained to us what it was all about. 我看到一些老人坐在角落里。 然后他向我们解释了一切。 6They painted the walls green (五)宾语补足语 他们把墙粉刷成绿色。 宾语和宾语补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 DI saw him out with his father. 宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。 我看见他和他父亲一起出去了。 可以作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短 C.介词短语作宾补 语、非谓语动词等。 DPlease make yourself at home. 请别拘束。 A.名词（或名词性从句）作宾补 用于该结构的常见动词有make,call,name, 2I found everything in good condition 我发现一切情况良好。 leave,elect等。 3He pushed the door open and found nobody in DThey named the child Jimmy. the room. 他们给孩子起名叫吉米。 他推开门，发现屋里没有人。 ②You call this a team? 4Whenever you go there,you will always find 你管这叫一支球队？ him at work 3We find English a useful tool in the study of 无论你什么时候去那里，你总会发现他在 science. 工作。 我们发现英语在学习科学中是一个有用的 D.非谓语动词作宾补 工具。 DThe teacher told the class to put away their 4They consider him a promising young man. books. 他们认为他是一个很有前途的年轻人。 老师要全班学生把他们的书放起来。 5We all think it our duty to support him. 2I heard someone sing in the next room 我们都认为支持他是我们的责任。 我听见有人在隔壁房间唱歌。 6We elected him head of the company. 3 The boss kept them working all day 我们选举他为公司负责人。 老板让他们整天工作。 7All this has made China what she is today 4Can I have this parcel weighed here? 这一切造就了中国今日的面貌。 我可以在这里称一下包裹吗？ B.形容词或副词作宾补 5The little girl found her toy bear hidden under 用于该结构的常见动词有make,keep,get,set, the bed drive,find,paint,want,wish,have,burm等。 这个小女孩发现她的玩具熊藏在床下。 DI found the book very interesting. 个注意wait和arrange需加for后才能跟 我发现这本书很有趣。 宾语。 003 是启航英语 高中英语语法必备 wait for sb..to do sth.等待某人做某事 断方法仍是看用系动词“b(是)”将其替换后句意 DI stopped and waited for her to catch up. 变化大不大。 我停住脚步，等她追上来。 ①He became a doctor. arrange for sb.to do sth.安排某人做某事 他成了医生。(became是系动词)》 2I will arrange for someone to show you round. 2The operation proved a complete success. 我会安排人带你转转。 手术证明是成功的。(prove是系动词) (六)表语 所以，有人称“系动词”为“是动词”是有道理的。 表语位于系动词的后面，表示主语的性质、特 B.动名词作表语与现在进行时的区别 征、身份等。表语一般由名词、形容词或相当于名 动名词作表语时说明主语的职责和功能等，和 词、形容词的词、短语、从句来充当。 主语是对等关系，没有正在进行之意，而现在分词 A.系动词的判断方法 有正在进行之意。如： 除系动词be之外，还有一些动词有时作为系 DMy job is looking after the children 动词来使用，有时候作为实义动词使用，我们称之 我的工作是照看孩子们。 为“半系动词”。判断一个动词是否作系动词用的 (本句中looking为动名词，本句是“主系表” 方法有： 结构)》 用系动词“be(是)”来替换句中的动词，如果替换 2He is looking after the baby 后句子意思变化不大，则这个动词是系动词；如果 他正在照看那个婴儿。 替换后句意变化很大或者根本说不通，则该动词是 (本句中looking是现在分词，本句是“主谓宾' 实义动词。 结构)》 看下面几个句子： C.不要遗漏系动词be ①She looks beautiful. 在一个英语单句中，一般情况下要有谓语动 她看起来很漂亮。 词。介词短语和形容词不能单独作谓语，要和系动 2The trees turn green in spring. 词一起作谓语。 树在春天变绿。 改错： ③The cloth feels soft.. DOur school very beautiful and we like it very 这布料摸起来很柔软。 much. 在这里，把looks,.turm,feels变为is,are,is之 ②Your book on the desk. 后，句子的意思变化不大。因此，它们是系动词。 答案及解析： 再看下面这组句子： DOur school is very beautiful and we like it ①He looked at me. very much.(句中缺少谓语动词) 他看着我。 ②Your book is on the desk.(句中缺少谓语 2He turned off the radio. 动词) 他关掉了收音机。 (七)同位语 3He felt the cloth with his hand. 同位语是个名词、名词短语或名词性从句，放 他用手摸了摸那布。 在另一个名词或名词短语的后面，用来解释说明前 把这组句子中的动词用be替换后，句意变化 面的名词性成分，和前面的名词性成分指代相同。 很大且说不通，因此这些动词在这些句子中是实义 DWe young people should respect the old. 动词，而不是系动词。 我们年轻人应该尊重老年人。 个注意半系动词后面大多数情况是跟形容 2He himself will do the experiment. 词作表语，但也有跟名词或其他词性作表语的，判 他本人将做这个实验。 004 第一章句子成分、种类与基本句型 启航英语是 3The news that he has won the competition is 小试牛刀 true 他赢得这个比赛的消息是真的。 I.画出下面句子成分，并说明主语由什么充当 4It turned out that the young fellow I had 1.The elderly need taking care of. ( helped was its general manager,the most powerful 2.The rich should help the poor. ( ) person in the company 3.Taking exercise regularly keeps us fit. 原来我帮助过的那个年轻人是公司的总经理， 4.To read from the paper was not allowed. 是公司里最有权势的人。 5.What he said is true. 5She won her first victory,a victory that was Ⅱ.用波浪线( applauded by the public. 一画出下列句子中的谓语 1.She can swim across the river. 她得到了第一个胜利，一个得到公众欢呼的 胜利。 2.I have been painting the wall all morning. 3.Did he arrive on time? 6Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,one I will always treasure. 4.Are you watching TV? 这么多年后遇见我叔叔，这是一个难忘的时 5.Never will I forgive you. 刻，一个我将永远珍视的时刻。 Ⅲ.画出下面句子成分，并说明宾语由什么充当 个注意we students还是our students 1.They planted many trees yesterday. 看下面两个句子，思考：用we(us)和用our有 2.They helped the old with their housework 什么差别？ yesterday DWe students all like our school. 3.I wanted to buy a car. ( 2It's good to us students. 4.I preferred to stay at home. ( 3Our students are excellent. 5.I enjoy watching TV. 在句①、②中，说话者本身是学生，we students Ⅳ.单句改错或语法填空 和us students中代词和名词指代对象相同，后面 1.Hurriedly,I took it back to the store and explained students是前面代词的同位语。在句③中，说话者 the shop assistant the problem. 不是学生。 2.Every time I have a question to ask,no matter how 如果代词和后面的名词指代相同，则他们是同 easy it may sound to other students,he will explain 位关系，代词要用人称代词主格或宾格：如果指代 it for me. 不同，则代词要用物主代词。 3.It is a pleasure for me to write this letter to tell how 改错： much I enjoyed my stay with your whole family DOur human beings must learn to act in ways last week. that do not harm other living things. 4.Sarah (tell)that she could be Britain's 2Students:These seats are for our students,but new supermodel earning a million dollars in the those are for our teachers. 答案及解析： new year. 在句①中，Our改为We,因为说话者本身也是 5.When I finally arrived at my friend's,he lent to me human beings(人类)，所以两者是同位关系，要用人 lots of clothes 称代词主格We。 V.分析下列句子并画出成分，在后面的括号内标 在句②中，第一个our改为us。因为说话者是 明是什么充当句子的宾语补足语 学生，和后面的students是同位关系，又是作宾语， 1.They appointed him manager. 所以用us。 2.I found her crying. 005 是启航英语 高中英语语法必备 3.We think it a pity that she didn't come here. （of a very extraordinary kind修饰an accident, ( 中间被happened隔开) 4.They painted the door green. 2We build these expectations in our heads of 5.He pushed the door open. what other people should do. I,辨别下列句子中斜体词是实义动词还是系动词 我们在我们的头脑中建立了其他人应该怎样 1.The door stays open at night 做的这些期望。 (定语和所修饰词被in our heads所隔开) 2.He tasted the food,and the food tasted delicious. B.限制性定语与非限制性定语 若定语对其所修饰的名词来说是必不可缺的， 3.The book still lies open on the desk. 这种定语叫作限制性定语，通常不用逗号隔 开。如： 4.What he said proved true. DThe author of this book died young 这本书的作者死时很年轻。 5.He can't prove his assumption(假设). 2The managers present at the meeting were opposed to the proposal. I画出下列句子中的同位语 出席这个会议的经理们反对这个提议。 1.The two boys,Tom and John,had to spend the 反之，若定语对其所修饰的名词通常只是一种 night outside. 补充说明，并非必不可缺的，这种定语叫作非限制性 2.Shanghai,the largest city in China,plays a very 定语，二者之间一般要有逗号隔开。 important part in the development of China's 3The man,cruel beyond belief,treated his economy. wife badly. 3.For Tim this was the beginning of a new life,one 那个人，残酷得令人难以置信，对他妻子很 he thought he would never see. 不好。 4.We choose this hotel because the price for a night 4Chen Hui,only 1 30 meters tall,won her here is down to 20.half of what it used to third gold yesterday. charge. 陈慧，身高只有1.30米，昨天赢得了她的第三 5.About a month later,I received a letter from 枚金牌。 Interstate,a large bus company that we had been C.名词作定语 trying to get to stop off at our roadhouse for a long 表示中心词的性质、材料、类别或性别等时，一 time 般直接用名词的单数形式；但man,woman作定语 时，如果后面名词是复数，也要用复数形式。 考点二 句子成分（二） many apple trees许多苹果树 (一)定语的常考点 some boy students一些男学生 A.隔离定语 a man doctor一个男医生 有时后置的定语并不紧接所修饰的名词，这种 two men doctors两个男医生 定语叫作隔离定语。 a woman nurse一个女护士 ①Here an accident happened ofavery three women nurses三个女护士 extraordinary kind. 另外，clothes,goods,sports,sales等少数几个名 这里发生了一件很不寻常的事。 词必须用复数形式。 006 第一章句子成分、种类与基本句型 启航英语 D.短语或句子作定语时要后置 V.现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式 定语的位置一般比较固定：单个词作定语时 作定语时常后置 多置于其所修饰的名词之前；短语和从句作定语 DI have something to say 时，一般放在所修饰的名词之后。 我有话要说。 I.形容词短语作定语时一般放在所修饰词 2He is the oldest actor ever to win an Oscar 之后 他是获得奥斯卡年龄最大的演员。 单个形容词作定语时一般放在所修饰词之前， 3 The boy crying over there is my classmate. 而形容词短语作定语时一般放在所修饰词之后。 在那边哭的那个男孩是我的同学。 DA car worth $80,000 is not too dear for him 4The house built last year is impressive. to buy 去年建的那座房子令人印象深刻。 对他来讲，买一辆价值八万美元的车不算 V.句子作定语时一般要后置（也就是定语从 太贵。 句要放在被修饰词的后面) 2At three,she was taller than playmates seven DI have reached a point in my life where I am or eight years old. supposed to make decisions of my own 我的人生已经到了一个应该由我自已做决定 她三岁时已高于一些七八岁的玩伴。 的阶段。 3The Smiths need a car garage twice larger than 2 I'll never forget the days that we..spent this one. together 史密斯夫妇需要一个比这个大一倍的车库。 我永远不会忘记我们在一起的日子。 4He has booked the seats farthest from the door E.单个词作定语要后置的几种情况 on the train for us. I.副词作定语时一般要后置 他已经为我们预定了火车上离车门最远的 DPeople there are very friendly 座位。 那儿的人们很友好。 Ⅱ.用and或or连接的两个形容词作定语时， 2He didn't like the man downstairs. 须后置 他不喜欢楼下的那个人。 DPower stations,large and small,have been ③There is no way out, set up all over the country. 没有出路。 大大小小的发电站已经在全国各地兴建起 Ⅱ.当形容词修饰由every-,some-,any-,no-加 来了。 body,one,thing等构成的复合不定代词时须后置 2Every book,new or old,should be put in the DHave you ever met anyone famous? room. 你曾经见过名人吗？ 不论新书还是旧书都应该放在这个房间里。 2He did everything possible to help us. 3All people,young and old,went there. 他做了可能做的一切事情来帮助我们。 不论老少，所有的人都去了那儿。 Ⅲ.形容词else常位于不定代词或疑问代词后 Ⅲ.介词短语作定语时要后置 作定语 DThe boy under the tree is Tom. DWhat else did they say? 树下的那个男孩是汤姆 他们还说了别的什么？ 2The tallest boy in our class is John. 2You can ask somebody else. 我们班最高的那个男孩是约翰。 你可以去问其他人。 007 是启航英语 高中英语语法必备 V.形容词responsible意为“可信赖的；可靠 2In spite of the difficulties,we went on with 的”时，作前置定语：意为“有责任的；应负责的' our work. 时，须作后置定语 尽管困难重重，我们还是继续工作。 DHe is a responsible man. Ⅲ.非谓语动词 他是一个有责任心的人。 DNot knowing what to do,he asked the teacher 2The man responsible should be their manager. for help. (对此事)负有责任的人应该是他们的经理。 不知道该做什么，他就向老师求助。 V.形容词present意为“现在的；目前的”时， 2Encouraged by the teacher,I made up my 作前置定语：意为“出席的：在场的”时，须作后置 mind to learn English well. 定语 在老师的鼓励下，我决心学好英语。 DWhat is your present address? 3I am happy to hear that 你现在的住址是什么？ 听到这个消息，我很高兴」 2His story touched all the people present. 4To get there early,he set out early the next 他的故事感动了在场的所有人。 morning. I.部分以a-开头的表语形容词，如alive,alike, 为了早些到达那里，第二天早上他很早就动 alone,awake等，有时也可以作定语修饰名词，此时，须 身了。 IV.名词 将该形容词置于被修饰的名词之后 DShe was the only person awake at that night. ①Wait a minute. 等一会儿。 她是那天晚上唯一一个醒着的人。 2The road is 20 kilometers long. 2You are the happiest children alive 这条路有20公里长。 你们是世界上最幸福的孩子。 V.从句 3You alone should determine what is right DI must work hard in order that I can catch up for you. with others. 只有你自己才能决定什么适合你。 为了能赶上别人，我必须努力工作。 4The BBC alone is sending 300 technicians, 2Where there is a will,there is a way. directors and commentators. 有志者，事竟成。 单单英国广播公司就派出技术人员、导演、解 B.状语的位置 说员等一行300人。 I.一个句子中有几个并列状语时，其顺序较 (二)状语的常考点 灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如： A.状语的表现形式 DI found a lost pen outside our school yesterday I.副词及副词词组 morning. DThe monkey climbed up the tree quickly 昨天早上我在学校外发现一支丢失的钢笔。 猴子迅速爬上了树。 2He was walking slowly outside the park at that 2He could only understand a word hereand moment there. 他那时正在公园外慢慢地走着。 他只能零星地听懂一两个单词。 Ⅱ.英语中时间状语、地点状语的排列一般是 Ⅱ.介词短语 从小到大 DHe has been working here for ten years. DHe lives at 1120 Green Street,London 他在这里工作了十年」 他住在伦敦格林街1120号。 008 第一章句子成分、种类与基本句型 启航英语是 2The books lie on the table in the library. 可能就是状语了。因此，状语的种类很多，可以表 那些书平放在图书馆的桌子上。 示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和 复杂时间的顺序一般是：先写几点钟，再写上 让步等。 下午，再写星期几，再写几月几日，最后再写年份。 巧学妙记 3I invited him to watch a movie at 5.p.m..on 句子成分记忆口诀 Friday,August 27th,2021. 主在前、谓在中，宾语、状语后面冲。 我邀请他在2021年8月27日星期五下午5点 短语定语主宾后，形、代定语主宾前。 看电影。 间宾直宾紧相依，直、间之间to、for连。 4I was born at 6 a.m.,March 16:2004 宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。 我出生于2004年3月16日早上6点。 Ⅲ.频度副词often,always,usually,sometimes, 小试牛刀 never 这些词在句中要放在情态动词、系动词、助动 I.分析下列句中加黑词语的词性和在句中所作的 词之后，实义动词之前。 成分 DYou can never tell what he will do. 1.(2024·新课标I卷)We'll explore beautiful park 你永远不知道他会做什么。 sites while conducting invasive(侵入的)plant 2He is always helping others. removal,winter planting,and seed collection. 他总是帮助别人。 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Walking at night-time is a ③He often came late. great way to step out of your comfort zone. 他总是迟到。 3.(2024·全国甲卷)Animals can express their Ⅳ.状语的位置比较灵活 needs using a lot of ways. 有时宾语很长而状语较短，为了句子平衡，会 4.(2024·1月浙江卷)in the past few years,online 把状语提到宾语的前面。有时为了强调或使句子 learning has become a significant part of the 平衡，会把状语放到谓语、补语的前面。 university and college experience. DWe could see very clearly a strange light 5.(2023·新课标I卷)The tour departs from Dam ahead of us. Square every hour on the hour,starting at 1:00 我们可以非常清楚地看到前面有一道奇怪 p.m.every day. 的光。 6.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)The program aims to help (按正常语序，very clearly应该在句末。) students develop science skills,environmental 2 Can I write on paper this answer to the awareness,and healthy lifestyles. question? 7.(2023·全国甲卷)Bangkok is a highly desirable 我可以把这个问题的答案写在纸上吗？ destination for food lovers. (按正常语序，on paper在句末。) 8.(2023·全国乙卷)Once we found the place,it 3Tom,thinking of his mother,bursted into was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in tears. the limited time. 汤姆，想起了他的母亲，眼泪涌了出来。 9.(2022·全国甲卷)The way you handle (按正常语序，thinking of his mother在句首。) chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your C.状语按意义分类 companions. ( 在句子成分中，主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、 10.（(2022·全国乙卷)It is a success story. 补语都比较好辨认，如果这几个成分都不是，那很 ( 009 启航英语 高中英语语法必备 Ⅱ.口头翻译下列句子，用虚线标出定语，留意定语 8.Do as the Romans do when in Rome. 的位置，并说明定语是由什么词性的词或结构 充当 9.She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 1.The letter on the desk is for Mr.Wu. 10.In order to catch up with the others,I must work 2.The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother. harder. 3.We need a place twice larger than this one. 考点三 八种基本句型 根据动词的不同种类及其搭配特点，英语基本 4.She carried a basket full of eggs. 句型可归纳为七类，另外还有存现句型。 句型 句型解读 例句 5.It's a book worth no more than one dollar. The door opened. 在此句型中，谓语为不 主谓（主语 6.It's a city far from the coast. 门开了。 及物动词，不能接宾 +谓语，下 That kind of thing 语，但能表达完整的 同)(SV) won't happen.那种 7.The man downstairs was trying to sleep. 意义 事不会发生。 8.Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on 在此句型中的谓语是 The flower smells 系动词，后面必须接表 meat. sweet.这朵花闻起 语才能表达完整的意 来很香。 9.A man calling himself John wanted to see you. 义。常用的系动词除 *The trees turn be, become, look, green..树变绿了。 10.He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the 主系表 seem,appear,get,feel The motor is out (SVP) way back home. 外，还有grow变得， of order.这台发动 turm变成，remain仍然 机出了毛病。 Ⅲ.指出下列画线部分属于什么状语 是，keep保持，stand保 His advice sounds 持，stay保持，smell闻 1.How about meeting again at six? reasonable.他的建 起来，sound听起来 2.Mr.Smith lives on the third floor. 议听起来合理。 taste尝起来等 3.Last night she didn't go to the dance party because of the rain. She teaches English 4.Since he is in charge of the office,he must be 在此句型中谓语为及她教英语。 there 物动词或相当于及物 The machine is 5.Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a 主谓宾 动词的短语动词，它必drilling a hole..这台 (SVO) 须跟一个宾语，即动作机器正在钻孔。 pen. 的承受者，才能表达 6.She put the eggs into the basket with great care. *He enjoys listening 个完整的意思 to music..他喜欢听 音乐。 7.They listened attentively to the lecture. 010