44 写作·要点拓展-高中英语思想方法导引课

写作·要点拓展 一、核心思想方法 高中英语写作中“要点拓展”的核心思想是在明确写作主题与关键要点的基础上，通过合理运用解释说明、举例论证、细节描写、因果分析、对比阐述等方式，对核心要点进行丰富和延伸，使文章内容更充实、逻辑更清晰、论证更充分，增强文章的可读性与说服力 二、解决高中英语学习中的问题 ① 内容空洞简略：学生写作时往往只罗列要点，缺乏具体内容，导致文章空洞无物。“要点拓展”能指导学生运用多种方法丰富内容，使文章更充实。 ② 论证缺乏力度：在议论文等文体中，观点缺乏支撑，难以令人信服。通过举例、因果分析等拓展方式，可增强论证的逻辑性和说服力。 ③ 表达单调枯燥：单纯陈述要点，语言平淡。细节描写、对比阐述等拓展方法能让表达更生动形象，提升文章吸引力。 ④ 逻辑条理不清：要点之间缺乏联系，文章结构混乱。合理的要点拓展，如因果分析、对比阐述等，能清晰梳理逻辑关系，使文章层次分明。 三、高考英语题型应用解析示例 例题1 读后续写（基于人教版教材素材改编） 题目 要点：原文讲述主人公参加学校的戏剧表演选拔失败，心情低落，要点为“主人公调整心态”。 ▶解题步骤 ① 确定拓展方向：可采用解释说明、细节描写和因果分析的方式，阐述主人公如何调整心态及调整心态后的结果 。 ② 进行要点拓展：At first, he was deeply disappointed and even thought about giving up his dream of acting. However, he reminded himself that failure was just a stepping - stone to success. He spent hours watching performances of famous actors, analyzing their techniques and expressions. Every day after school, he practiced in front of the mirror, repeating lines over and over again. Gradually, his confidence returned. Thanks to his persistent efforts, when the next audition came, he performed so well that he won a leading role. 起初，他深感失望，甚至想放弃表演梦想。然而，他提醒自己失败只是成功的垫脚石。他花数小时观看著名演员的表演，分析他们的表演技巧和表情。每天放学后，他都在镜子前练习，一遍又一遍地重复台词。渐渐地，他重拾信心。由于他的不懈努力，当下一次试镜来临时，他表现得非常出色，赢得了主角的角色。 ③ 检查拓展效果：确保拓展内容与原文情节连贯，逻辑合理，能够自然推动故事发展 。 例题2 应用文写作（议论文，基于外研版教材话题） 题目 要点：以“Should students be allowed to use mobile phones at school?”为题，观点为“学生不应该在学校使用手机”。 ▶解题步骤 ① 选择拓展方法：运用举例论证、因果分析和对比阐述，说明学生在学校使用手机的弊端 。 ② 展开要点拓展：Students should not be allowed to use mobile phones at school. For example, many students are easily distracted by mobile games and social media apps during class, which leads to a significant decline in their academic performance. In contrast, schools that ban mobile phone use have reported higher study efficiency among students. Moreover, excessive use of mobile phones at school can also cause problems such as cyberbully and the spread of inappropriate information. If students focus on their studies without the interference of mobile phones, they can make better use of their time at school. 学生不应该在学校使用手机。例如，许多学生在课堂上容易被手机游戏和社交媒体应用分散注意力，这导致他们的学习成绩大幅下降。相比之下，禁止使用手机的学校报告称学生的学习效率更高。此外，在学校过度使用手机还会引发网络欺凌和不当信息传播等问题。如果学生在没有手机干扰的情况下专注学习，他们就能更好地利用在校时间。 ③ 审核文章逻辑：检查拓展内容是否紧密围绕观点，论证是否充分，逻辑是否清晰 。 例题3 应用文写作（推荐信，基于牛津版教材主题） 题目 要点：推荐一位同学参加英语演讲比赛，要点为“该同学具备出色的英语演讲能力”。 ▶解题步骤 ① 构思拓展方式：通过举例论证、细节描写展示同学的英语演讲能力 。 ② 实施要点拓展：[Students Name] possesses excellent English speaking skills. In the schools English speech contest last year, she impressed everyone with her confident and fluent presentation. Her pronunciation was perfect, and she used vivid gestures and facial expressions to convey the emotions in her speech. When talking about environmental protection, she cited many real - life examples, making her speech both informative and engaging. Her ability to connect with the audience and deliver a powerful message makes her an ideal candidate for this competition. [学生姓名]具备出色的英语演讲能力。在去年学校的英语演讲比赛中，她自信流畅的演讲给所有人留下了深刻印象。她的发音完美，并且运用生动的手势和面部表情来传达演讲中的情感。在谈到环境保护时，她引用了许多真实案例，使她的演讲既有知识性又引人入胜。她与观众互动并传递有力信息的能力，使她成为本次比赛的理想人选。 ③ 确认推荐效果：确保拓展内容能充分体现同学的优势，增强推荐信的说服力 。 四、练习题 ① 读后续写： 原文讲述主人公在一次登山过程中遇到恶劣天气，要点为“主人公与同伴相互帮助克服困难”，请进行要点拓展续写。 ② 应用文写作（议论文）： 以“Is it necessary to learn a second foreign language?”为题，观点为“学习第二外语是有必要的”，请运用要点拓展方法论证观点。 ③ 应用文写作（建议信）： 给学校提建议改善食堂伙食，要点为“增加菜品多样性”，请对该要点进行拓展。 ④ 读后续写： 原文讲述主人公参加绘画比赛，在创作过程中遇到灵感枯竭的问题，要点为“主人公找到灵感完成作品”，请展开要点拓展续写。 ⑤ 应用文写作（演讲稿）： 以“Friendship in our lives”为主题，要点为“友谊对我们的生活很重要”，请进行要点拓展撰写演讲稿片段。 【答案】 ① 读后续写示例：As the wind howled and the snow fell heavily, they huddled together, shivering with cold. Realizing they had to work as a team to survive, Jack took out the emergency tent from his backpack, while Lily held an umbrella to shield him from the wind. After struggling for nearly an hour, they finally set up the tent. Inside, they shared their remaining food and encouraged each other. When the weather showed signs of clearing, they carefully made their way down the mountain, supporting each other step by step. Their unity and mutual help not only got them through the difficult situation but also deepened their friendship. 随着狂风呼啸，大雪纷飞，他们挤在一起，冻得瑟瑟发抖。意识到必须齐心协力才能 survival，杰克从背包里拿出应急帐篷，莉莉则撑着伞为他挡风。经过近一个小时的努力，他们终于搭好了帐篷。在帐篷里，他们分享了剩下的食物，相互鼓励。当天气开始好转时，他们小心翼翼地往山下走，一步一步相互扶持。他们的团结和相互帮助不仅让他们度过了难关，还加深了彼此的友谊。 ② 议论文示例：Learning a second foreign language is necessary. It broadens our horizons and allows us to explore different cultures. For example, learning French enables us to appreciate the beauty of French literature and art, while studying Japanese helps us understand the unique traditions of Japan. Moreover, in today's globalized world, mastering a second foreign language can significantly enhance our competitiveness in the job market. Many multinational companies require employees who can communicate with international partners. In contrast, those who only know one language may miss out on valuable opportunities. ③ 学习第二外语是有必要的。它拓宽我们的视野，让我们能够探索不同的文化。例如，学习法语能让我们欣赏法国文学和艺术的美，而学习日语有助于我们了解日本独特的传统。此外，在当今全球化的世界里，掌握第二外语能显著提升我们在就业市场的竞争力。许多跨国公司要求员工能够与国际合作伙伴沟通。相比之下，只懂一门语言的人可能会错过宝贵的机会。 ④ 建议信示例：I strongly suggest increasing the variety of dishes in the school cafeteria. Currently, the menu is rather limited, and students often get bored with the same food. To address this, the cafeteria could offer more choices, such as adding regional cuisines from different parts of the country. For instance, spicy Sichuan dishes for those who like strong flavors and light Cantonese cuisine for others. Additionally, introducing seasonal dishes, like cold noodles in summer and hot soups in winter, would also make the meals more appealing. This way, students can enjoy a more diverse and delicious diet at school. 我强烈建议增加学校食堂的菜品多样性。目前，菜单相当有限，学生们经常对同样的食物感到厌倦。为了解决这个问题，食堂可以提供更多选择，比如增加来自全国各地的地方菜。例如，为喜欢浓郁口味的人提供辛辣的川菜，为其他人提供清淡的粤菜。此外，推出时令菜肴，如夏季的凉面和冬季的热汤，也会让饭菜更有吸引力。这样，学生们就能在学校享受到更多样、更美味的饮食。 ④ 读后续写示例：Staring at the blank canvas, he felt frustrated and helpless. Then, he decided to take a break and went for a walk in the park. As he strolled along the path, the gentle breeze, the colorful flowers, and the chirping of birds inspired him. Suddenly, an idea flashed in his mind. He rushed back to his studio and started painting vigorously. He used bright colors to depict the beauty of nature he had just witnessed. With every brushstroke, his inspiration flowed, and soon, a vivid and beautiful painting was completed. 盯着空白的画布，他感到沮丧和无助。然后，他决定休息一下，去公园散步。当他沿着小路漫步时，轻柔的微风、五彩的花朵和鸟儿的啁啾声给了他灵感。突然，一个想法在他脑海中闪现。他冲回工作室，开始奋力作画。他用鲜艳的色彩描绘出自己刚刚看到的自然之美。每一笔都充满灵感，很快，一幅生动美丽的画作就完成了。 ⑤ 演讲稿示例：Friendship is of great importance in our lives. It is like a warm sunshine on a cold winter day, brightening our hearts and giving us strength. True friends are those who stand by our side in times of trouble. For example, when we fail an exam, they comfort us and encourage us to keep going. They share our joys and sorrows, making our lives more meaningful. Compared with material possessions, friendship is priceless. It enriches our spiritual world and helps us grow into better people. Lets cherish our friends and the precious friendship in our lives! 友谊在我们的生活中非常重要。它就像寒冷冬日里温暖的阳光，照亮我们的心灵，给予我们力量。真正的朋友是在我们遇到困难时陪伴在我们身边的人。例如，当我们考试不及格时，他们安慰我们，鼓励我们继续前进。他们与我们同甘共苦，让我们的生活更有意义。与物质财富相比，友谊是无价的。它丰富了我们的精神世界，帮助我们成长为更好的人。让我们珍惜身边的朋友和生活中宝贵的友谊！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $