10 词汇篇·人称和指示指称-高中英语思想方法导引课

2025-10-13
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 -
章节 -
类型 题集-专项训练
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-新授课
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 80 KB
发布时间 2025-10-13
更新时间 2025-10-13
作者 太原四季文化图书有限公司
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-10-13
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词汇篇·人称和指示指称 1、 核心思想方法 高中英语中“人称和指示指称”的核心思想是通过特定的代词或具有指代功能的词汇,替代前文或语境中出现的人、事物、地点、事件等,以避免重复表述,实现语言表达的简洁性与连贯性。人称指称主要依靠人称代词(如I、you、he、she、it、we、they等)和物主代词(如my、your、his、her、its、our、their等);指示指称则借助指示代词(如this、that、these、those)以及一些具有指示功能的词(如such、the former、the latter等)。 ⒈ 人称指称 ① 人称代词主格: He is a student. He studies hard. 他是一名学生。他学习很努力。(第一个“He”首次提及某人,第二个“He”指代前文提到的同一人,避免重复表述“这个学生”。) ② 人称代词宾格:I saw her at the park yesterday. 我昨天在公园看到了她。(“her”指代前文或语境中已知的女性,避免重复提及具体的女性名称。) ③ 物主代词:This is my book. Your book is over there. 这是我的书。你的书在那边。(“my”和“your”明确所属关系,替代重复描述“我的书”和“你的书”。) ④ 反身代词:She taught herself English. 她自学英语。(“herself”指代主语“She”,强调动作执行者自身。) ⒉ 指示指称 ① 近指代词: This is a pen, and these are pencils. 这是一支钢笔,这些是铅笔。(“This”指代近处的单个事物,“these”指代近处的多个事物 。) ② 远指代词: That is a tree, and those are flowers. 那是一棵树,那些是花。(“That”指代远处的单个事物,“those”指代远处的多个事物。) ③ 其他指示词汇:There are two methods to solve the problem. The former is easier, but the latter is more effective. 有两种解决问题的方法。(前者更简单,但后者更有效。“The former”指代前面提到的第一种方法,“the latter”指代第二种方法 。); Such mistakes should be avoided.这样的错误应该避免。(“Such”指代前文提到的类似错误。 ) 二、解决高中英语学习中的问题 ① 表达重复:学生在写作和口语表达中,常反复使用具体的人或事物名称,导致语句繁琐。例如,写成“Tom is a good student. Tom likes reading books. Tom often goes to the library.”,通过使用人称指称“He is a good student. He likes reading books. He often goes to the library.”,可使表达简洁流畅。掌握人称和指示指称能有效避免此类问题,提升语言表达质量。 ② 指代不明:在使用代词时,若前文没有明确的指代对象,或多个事物同时出现导致指代混淆,会造成理解困难。如句子“Mary told Lucy that she was wrong.”,“she”指代不明确,不清楚是Mary还是Lucy错了。学会正确运用人称和指示指称,明确指代关系,可避免歧义,提高信息传递的准确性。 ③ 阅读理解障碍:阅读文章时,若不能准确判断代词的指代内容,会影响对文本的理解。例如,在长句“The manager praised John and Tom, and he hoped they could continue to work hard.”中,需要明确“he”指代“the manager”,“they”指代“John and Tom”,才能理解句子含义。理解人称和指示指称有助于理清文章逻辑,准确把握文意。 ④ 语篇连贯性缺失:在写作中,合理运用人称和指示指称是保持语篇连贯的关键。若缺少或错误使用这些指称手段,文章会显得松散、不连贯。如描述事件时,不使用代词承接上文,而是不断重复相关事物名称,会破坏文章的流畅性。掌握相关方法能增强文章连贯性,提升写作水平。 三、高考英语题型应用解析示例 例题1 阅读理解(新高考真题改编) 题目 Scientists have made a new discovery. They believe it will change the way we understand the universe. 科学家们有了一项新发现。他们认为这将改变我们理解宇宙的方式。 问题 What do “They” and “it” refer to? ▶解题步骤 ① 定位代词位置:“They”和“it”出现在第二句。 ② 向前文寻找指代对象:“They”指代前一句中的“Scientists”;“it”指代前一句中的“a new discovery” 。 ③ 验证指代合理性:将指代对象代入句子,“Scientists believe a new discovery will change the way we understand the universe.”语义通顺,确定指代正确 。 例题2 完形填空(新高考模拟题) 题目 When Sarah entered the room, she saw a beautiful painting on the wall. It immediately caught her attention. 当萨拉走进房间时,她看到墙上有一幅美丽的画。它立刻吸引了她的注意。 A. he B. she C. it D. they ▶解题步骤 ① 分析语境:第一句提到“Sarah”是女性,第二句第一个空需要指代“Sarah”的代词,应选表示女性的主格代词 。 ② 选择答案:“she”符合要求,答案选B;第二句中“it”指代前文的“a beautiful painting”,“her”指代“Sarah” 。 例题3 语法填空(新高考模拟题) 题目 There are two types of music in the concert, classical music and pop music. The former is more suitable for relaxing, while ______ is better for dancing. ▶解题步骤 ① 理解语境:前文提到两种音乐类型,“The former”指代“classical music” 。 ② 确定应填词汇:根据“while”表示对比,此处应填指代“pop music”的“the latter” 。 ③ 填入答案:故填入“the latter” 。 例题4 读后续写(新高考模拟题) 题目 阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。 ...John picked up the old box and opened it. Inside, he found a letter written by his grandfather... 续写要求 合理运用人称和指示指称推进故事。 ▶解题步骤 ① 承接前文指称:“it”指代“the old box”,“he”指代“John” 。 ② 续写运用指称:如续写“The letter was yellowed with age, but its contents made Johns heart race. He carefully read it and discovered a family secret...”,通过“the letter” “its” “he” “it”等指称,保持故事连贯性 。 例题5 应用文写作(新高考真题) 题目 假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Tom询问你学校的课外活动情况,请写一封邮件回复他。 ▶解题步骤 ① 运用人称指称:如使用“We have various after - school activities, and we all enjoy them very much.”,“we”指代“我和同学们”,“them”指代“after - school activities” 。 ② 运用指示指称:“Among them, the English drama club is the most popular. This club not only improves our English but also enriches our campus life.”,“them”指代前文的“after - school activities”,“This”指代“the English drama club” 。 ③ 完成写作:结合其他内容,运用清晰准确的指称,完成邮件写作 。 例题6 长难句分析(新高考真题改编) 题目 The company launched two new products last month. One is designed for young people, and the other targets middle - aged consumers. 该公司上个月推出了两款新产品。一款是为年轻人设计的,另一款针对中年消费者。 ▶解题步骤 ① 识别指示指称:“One”和“the other”是指示指称,用于指代前文的“two new products” 。 ② 分析指称对句子理解的作用:明确“One”指代其中一款产品,“the other”指代另一款产品,帮助理解句子分别阐述两款产品的目标客户群体,从而把握长难句核心内容 。 四、练习题 ① 单项选择 When Lily and Lucy arrived at the party, ______ were warmly welcomed. A. he B. she C. they D. it ② 阅读理解 The teacher showed the students some pictures. These were taken by her during the trip. What do “These” refer to? A. The teacher B. The students C. Some pictures D. The trip ③ 完形填空 Jack bought a new bike. ______ color is blue, and he likes ______ very much. A. Its; it B. Its; it C. Its; its D. Its; its ④ 语法填空 There are two ways to solve the problem. ______ (前者) is simple, but ______ (后者) is more efficient. ⑤ 读后续写 续写句子,要求运用人称和指示指称。“Emma found a strange key in the drawer. She picked it up and...” ⑥ 应用文写作 假定你是李华,你的美国朋友Alice询问你最喜欢的节日,请写一封邮件回复她,文中需使用至少3处人称和指示指称。 【答案】 ① 答案:C。“Lily and Lucy”是两个人,且为女性,用“they”指代,选C。 ② 答案:C。“These”指代前一句中的“some pictures”,选C。 ③ 答案:A。第一个空表示“自行车的”,用物主代词“Its”;第二个空指代“the new bike”,用宾格“it”,选A。 ④ 答案:The former; the latter ⑤ 答案示例:Emma found a strange key in the drawer. She picked it up and wondered where it could be used. Looking around, she noticed an old box in the corner. Could this key open it? she thought.(通过“it”指代“key”,“She”指代“Emma”,“this key”再次明确指代对象,推进故事 ) ⑥ 答案示例: Dear Alice, I’m glad to tell you about my favorite festival, the Spring Festival. It is the most important traditional festival in China, and we Chinese people all love it very much. During this festival, families get together, just like you do during Christmas. We clean our houses, put up red couplets, and have a big dinner on New Year’s Eve. This dinner is called the reunion dinner, and it means a lot to us. We also give lucky money to children, which they always look forward to. I hope you can experience this wonderful festival someday! Best wishes, Li Hua 在这封邮件中,“It”指代“the Spring Festival”,“we”指代“Chinese people”,“this festival” “This dinner” “this wonderful festival”等指示指称使文章连贯,人称和指示指称的运用让表达更清晰 。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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10 词汇篇·人称和指示指称-高中英语思想方法导引课
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10 词汇篇·人称和指示指称-高中英语思想方法导引课
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10 词汇篇·人称和指示指称-高中英语思想方法导引课
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