UNIT 5 Section Ⅳ Lesson 3 Understanding（课件PPT）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选择性必修第二册学习笔记（北师大版）

该高中英语课件围绕“知识获取与批判性思维”展开，通过“速读（明文章大意、悉篇章结构）—细读（细节题训练）—读后语法填空”的学习支架，引导学生从整体理解到深度分析文本，构建“质疑—观察—验证—结论”的知识获取逻辑脉络。 其亮点在于融合语言能力（长句结构分析与翻译）、思维品质（通过Aristotle和Galilei案例培养质疑精神）、学习能力（词汇短语及写作佳句应用）。如细读环节设置知识获取步骤题，长句分析拆解主从复合句，语言知识模块提供“abandon”“put forward”等词汇短语的用法及写作实例。学生能提升阅读思辨与表达能力，教师可借助系统资源高效开展分层教学。

Section Ⅳ Lesson 3　Understanding EDUCATION UNIT 5 Part 1　课文整体理解 Part 2　长句难句分析 Part 3　语言知识学习 整体理解 课文 3 Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What’s the main idea of the passage? A.Francis Bacon was going against the views of his day. B.Galileo Galilei was great to prove the Earth is not the centre of the universe. C.The Earth is not the centre of the universe and it doesn’t move round the sun in a perfect circle，either. D.People should question more because even great men，like Aristotle and Galilei，might make mistakes. √ Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 TEXT 1 Under-standing How we 1. knowledge and understanding. In the 2.____ century People believed more in the 3. than in facts. They didn’t want to 4. what they’d always thought as true. Our understanding of the world around us is constantly 5.________ and 6. . We 7. so much of our knowledge and 8. of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei. acquire 17th church abandon growing changing owe understanding Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1.What’s the very first step of Francis Bacon’s type of thinking? A.Raising questions. B.Observing the world around us. C.Testing for a right answer. D.Thinking over the possible answers. √ 2.Who solve problems by thinking and analyzing according to the passage? A.People nowadays. B.Great philosophers. C.People in the 17th century. D.Modern scientists and thinkers. √ 3.What is the correct order to acquire knowledge and understanding according to the article? A.Observe→study→consider→find the right answers. B.Question→find the right answers→observe→test. C.Question→observe and study→consider and test→find the right answers. D.Acquire the knowledge→understand→find the right answers→ consider and test. √ 4.What does the writer want to show through mentioning Aristotle and Galilei in the third paragraph? A.Aristotle was wrong. B.Galileo Galilei was wrong. C.Everyone can be wrong at times. D.It’s unbelievable for great men to be wrong. √ 5.What does Galilei’s saying “All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered；the point is to discover them.” imply? A.All truths are easy to discover. B.It’s most important to discover truths. C.It’s more important to understand truths than to discover them. D.If we want to discover truths，we should first understand them. √ Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 1. seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. To start with，we need questions.Then,2. (find) answers，we observe the world around us and study the facts.After that，we consider possible 3. (answer) and test each to find the right ones.Modern scientists and thinkers 4. (solve) the world’s problems with this type of analysis. It to find answers are solving Our understanding of the world around us is 5. (constant) growing and changing.In other words，we learn more every day.We need to thank the great men of the past for 6. (they) wisdom.They understood that we don’t know everything and probably never will，for that would mean a world with questions.We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world 7. people like Bacon and Galilei,8. were brave enough to step out from the shadows of 9._____________(convention) thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation 10. (build) upon. 返 回 constantly their to who conventional is built 难句分析 长句 13 1.Although today we are more used to (type) a few key words into a search engine and (wait) for the Internet to give us an answer，modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems ____ this type of analysis—luckily for us.(P36 Para.1) 结构分析：此句是 句。Although引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ typing waiting with 主从复合 让步状语 尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎中敲几个关键词，等待互联网为我们提供答案，但当代科学家、思想家仍采用这种分析方式来解决问题——我们应该为此感到庆幸。 2.However，in the 17th century when Francis Bacon(1561－1626) suggested that this type of thinking (be) the way to gain knowledge，he was going the views of the day.(P36 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是 句。句中when引导 从句；that引导 从句；to gain knowledge为不定式短语作 。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ was against 主从复合 时间状语 宾语 后置定语 17世纪时，弗朗西斯·培根(1561－1626)提出用这种思考方式获取知识时，他的观点却与当时的观念背道而驰。 3.Although Bacon held important rank in King James’ royal court of England，his true interest was not the day-to-day，slow and inefficient working style of the government，but the worthy search _____ knowledge.(P36 Para.2) 结构分析：此句为 句。句中Although引导 从句；主句中含有“not...but...”结构，意为“ ”。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ an for 主从复合 让步状语 不是……而是…… 尽管培根在英国国王詹姆斯的宫廷中位高权重，但他真正感兴趣的不是政府日复一日、拖拉、低效的工作作风，而是那些值得探索的知识。 4.At that time，people believed more in the church in facts，and people like Galileo Galilei(1564－1642)，who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.(P36 Para.2) 结构分析：此句是一个由and连接的 句。第二个分句中，主语是 ，谓语是 ；介词短语like Galileo Galilei作people的 ，who引导的是 从句，that引导的是 从句；with no one coming to their defence是with复合结构在句中作 。 汉语翻译：_________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ than 并列复合 people were often punished 后置定语 非限制性定语 同位语 状语 那时人们相信教会胜过相信事实，像伽利略·伽利莱(1564－1642)那样证明了“地球不是宇宙中心”的人物，往往会被教会惩罚，也没有人会为他们辩护。 5.At first，people approved his studies and urged him ___________ (continue)，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him prison.(P37 Para.3) 结构分析：此句为 句。句中but连接两个 分句；第二个分句中，when引导 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ of to continue in 并列复合 并列 时间状语 起初人们认可他的研究成果，催促他继续研究，但是当他证实亚里士多德有错时，他们生气了，并把他送进监狱。 6.People make the (assume) that if someone important and respected says that something is right，then it must be so.(P37 Para.3) 结构分析：此句是 句。第一个that引导的是 从句，该从句中又有if引导的 从句和that引导的 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ assumption 主从复合 同位语 条件状语 宾语 人们认为，如果一个重要的、受人尊敬的人说某件事是对的，那么这件事一定是对的。 7.We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world ___ people like Bacon and Galilei，who were brave enough (step) out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s (civilise) is built upon.(P37 Para.5) 结构分析：此句是 句。who引导 从句，该从句中又含有that引导的 从句。 汉语翻译：_____________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 返 回 to to step civilisation 主从复合 非限制性定语 限制性定语 我们对世界的认识和理解，很大程度上要归功于培根和伽利略这样的人，正是他们勇敢地走出了传统思想的阴影，才帮我们找到了构建当今文明的知识王国。 知识学习 语言 21 vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃 n.放任；放纵(abandoned adj.被遗弃的；被抛弃的；废弃的；放纵的) 1 abandon · abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 abandon oneself to沉溺于……，纵情于……(to为介词) · be abandoned to沉湎于…… (1)We accidentally found an (abandon) shared bike at the bus stop，which might be left by someone. (2)According to my judgement，it was lack of money that made them abandon (carry) out the research. abandoned carrying (3)现在，很多人放纵自己熬夜，这对他们的健康十分有害。 Nowadays，_____________________________________________ ________________，which does great harm to their health. 写作佳句 many people abandon themselves to/are abandoned to staying up late · on the assumption that...假定…… · assume sb/sth to be＋adj./n.假定/认为某人/某事(为)…… It is generally assumed that...人们普遍认为…… · assuming (that)...假设…… 2 assumption n.假定，假设(assume vt.假定；认为) (1)I don’t think there’s enough information to make an ____________ (assume)，and it is apparent that we just don’t know what happened to her. (2)It is generally assumed being exposed to a foreign language as much as you can is the best way to learn it well. assumption that (3)假如我被选为学生会主席，我将组织更多丰富多彩的课外活动以丰富我们的学校生活。 _______________________________________________________ _____________________________，I will organize more colorful after-class activities to enrich our school life. 写作佳句 On the assumption that/Assuming that I am chosen to be chairman of the Student Council · owe sb sth/owe sth to sb 欠某人某物 owe sth to sb/sth 把某事归功于/归因于某人或某事 owe it to sb that...把……归功于/归因于某人 · owing to因为，由于 vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；把……归功于 owe 3 (1)I owe an apology you for not going to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. (2)I owe to you that I have made a breakthrough in the scientific research in our lab. to it (3)(2022·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)大卫在终点线气喘吁吁地说道：“正是因为您的鼓励，我才能够克服内心的恐慌，在越野赛中挑战自我。” David was out of breath at the finishing line，saying，“It is ___________________________ that I can overcome my internal panic to challenge myself in the cross-country run.” 写作佳句 owing to your encouragement · be beneficial to对……有益 · be of benefit to对……有益 for one’s benefit(＝for the benefit of sb)为了某人的利益 · benefit from/by从……中受益 adj.有益的；有利的；有用的(benefit n.好处； 利益；优势 v.有益于；有助于；受益) beneficial 4 (1)In conclusion，a number of students can benefit this new learning strategy. (2)As a matter of fact，it is the benefit of your company that we give the priority to you. from/by for (3)(2023·全国乙，书面表达)在祖母的指导下，我成功地为家人做了饭，这件事有利于我的成长。 Under the guidance of my grandmother，I succeeded in cooking for my family，which my growth. 写作佳句 was beneficial to/of benefit to put off推迟，延迟 put on穿上；增加(若干)体重 put up提升；搭建；张贴；留……住宿 put up with忍耐，忍受 提出；将钟表拨快；将……提前；推荐 put forward 5 (1)用put短语的正确形式填空 ①Posters were around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener Earth. ②The famous philosopher called this afternoon to the lecture until next week because of the bad weather. ③It is said that they have the wedding by two weeks. ④I’m not going to their smoking any longer.I have an urge to go out. ⑤It is too cold outside.Remember to more clothes to keep warm. put up put off put forward put up with put on (2)(读后续写之学校生活)随着教师节的到来，他提出一个好主意，他们要为史密斯老师准备一场晚会。 With Teachers’ Day coming，he that they would prepare a party for their teacher，Mr Smith. 写作佳句 put forward a great idea it 作形式主语 6 It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.(P36 Para.1) 今天，如何获取知识、认识世界，人人皆知。 It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these primitive ideas as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384－322 BCE).(P37 Para.3) 人们愿意相信伟大哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384－前322)提出的那些陈旧的观点，这一点并不奇怪。 结构分析：两句均为主从复合句，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是how引导的主语从句和that引导的主语从句。第二句中as引导原因状语从句。 it作形式主语的常用句式： · It be＋an honour＋for sb to do sth/It be one’s honour＋to do sth · It＋be/seems＋adj./n.＋for/of sb＋不定式 · It be＋过去分词(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...) ＋that从句 · It be＋形容词(strange，important，vital，obvious，possible...)＋ that从句 · It be＋名词短语(a pity，a shame，a fact，a good idea，no wonder...) ＋that从句 · It＋不及物动词(occur，happen，seem...)＋that从句 (1)他们似乎用石器切割动物并去除它们的皮肤。 to cut up animals and remove their skin. (2)众所周知，在短时间内靠背诵扩大词汇量似乎很难。 As we all know, to expand the vocabulary by reciting in a short time. (3)令我们兴奋的是，我们突然想到我们可以通过卖爆米花帮助Bernard。 To our excitement，_____________________________________________ _______________. It seemed/appeared that they used the stone tools it seems difficult it hit/occurred to us that we can help Bernard by selling popcorn 返 回 本课结束 $