Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Welcome to the unit & Reading（Word教参）-【步步高】2024-2025学年高中英语选修第一册学习笔记（译林版）

本讲义围绕“微生物与人类健康”核心主题，构建“速读-细读-读后”三阶学习支架，从整体文意理解（大意与篇章结构）到细节深度获取（4道细节题），再到语言知识巩固（语法填空、句型解析、重点词块默写及写作应用），形成连贯的阅读与语言技能培养脉络。 资料以“输入-内化-输出”为设计逻辑，通过三步阅读策略提升学生信息筛选与分析的思维品质，结合语法填空、句型仿写（如“There is no need to do sth”）和组句成篇，强化语言能力。配套训练题（阅读理解、完形填空等）助力课后查漏补缺，兼顾课中教学效率与学生自主学习能力培养。

Section Ⅱ　Welcome to the unit & Reading Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the blog post? A．The introduction of the microorganisms and how they affect human health. B．The potential of the microorganisms. C．The source of the microorganisms. D．The influence of the microorganisms. 答案　A Ⅱ.悉篇章结构 Step 2　细读——深度获取细节 1．Which life stage contributes most to our microorganisms? A．At two. B．At birth. C．In adulthood. D．During teenage years. 答案　B 2．What can we know from the passage? A．Some microorganisms can be seen with our eyes. B．The human microbiome mostly benefits our health. C．The human microbiome completely stays constant throughout our lives. D．The human microbiome all comes from the various circumstances of our lives. 答案　B 3．What influence do the microorganisms have on us? A．Only the immune system. B．Merely the function of the brain. C．Mostly our weight and sleep patterns. D．Our physical，cognitive and psychological health. 答案　D 4．If you felt nervous，how would your gut microorganisms respond? A．Delightfully. B．Comfortably. C．Harmfully. D．Slowly. 答案　C Step 3　读后——课文语法填空 Microorganisms live with us，make 1.up about two per cent of an adult’s body mass，yet are invisible to the naked eye.It is estimated that 39 trillion microorganisms are living in and on our body，2.which compose the human microbiome！Even though 3.incredibly(incredible) small，these microorganisms influence our body and mind in big unexpected ways. Our microorganisms come from our mother 4.when we are born.At the age of two，we have our very own personal collection of microorganisms that reflects the various circumstances of our lives.Microorganisms are 5.an inseparable part of our body which affect us physically，6.including(include) our immune system，weight and sleep patterns.They also influence our cognitive and 7.psychological(psychology) well-being. 8．Given(give) their importance，scientists are working hard to find out how we can take advantage of microorganisms within the field of human health.They have found ways to improve the immune system through microbiome 9.transplants(transplant) and have developed a whole new class of medicines.In some ways，the human microbiome is just like an invisible microuniverse waiting 10.to be explored(explore) further in the future. Ⅰ.补句子　析结构 1．They are the estimated(estimate) 39 trillion microorganisms living in and on our body，like bacteria(bacterium) and viruses，which compose the human microbiome！(P44，Para.1) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，living in and on our body是现在分词作后置定语。 汉语翻译：它们是生活在我们体内和体表的约39万亿个微生物，如细菌和病毒，它们构成了人类的微生物群系！ 2．Going through life，we further expose ourselves to foreign microorganisms，which cause a part of our microbiome to change every day.(P44，Para.2) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句，现在分词短语Going through life作状语。 汉语翻译：在我们的一生中，我们会进一步接触到外来微生物，这会导致我们的微生物群每天都会发生局部变化。 3．Every day，the resident microorganisms in our body compete with the invading ones，preventing them from getting a foothold，thus helping form a strong immune system and keep us healthy.(P44，Para.3) 结构分析：此句为简单句。现在分词短语preventing them from getting a foothold作伴随状语，helping form a strong immune system and keep us healthy作结果状语。 汉语翻译：每天，我们体内的常驻微生物都会与入侵微生物竞争，阻止它们立足，从而帮助形成一个强大的免疫系统，让我们保持健康。 4．Besides helping(help) digest food，evidence indicates(indicate) that gut microorganisms affect the way we store fat and respond to chemicals that make us feel hungry or full.(P44，Para.3) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。第一个that引导宾语从句，we store fat是省略了that/in which的定语从句，第二个that引导限制性定语从句。 汉语翻译：除了帮助消化食物外，有证据表明，肠道微生物还影响我们储存脂肪和对让我们感到饥饿或饱腹的化学物质作出反应的方式。 5．While scientists are still at the early stages of uncovering exactly(exact) how gut microorganisms communicate with the brain，they do know that the brain and the gut “talk” to each other.(P45，Para.4) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。while引导让步状语从句，how和that引导宾语从句，do强调谓语动词。 汉语翻译：虽然科学家们还处于探究肠道微生物如何与大脑沟通的初期阶段，但他们的确知道大脑和肠道会相互“交谈”。 6．Given their importance(important)，scientists are working hard to find out how we can take advantage of microorganisms within the field of human health.(P45，Para.5) 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。介词given表示“鉴于”，how引导宾语从句。 汉语翻译：鉴于微生物的重要性，科学家们正在努力研究在人类健康领域利用微生物的方法。 Ⅱ.研典句　学用法 There is/was no need to do sth But there is no need to panic，for most of them are there to keep us healthy.(P44，Para.1) 不过没必要恐慌，因为它们大多数都是对健康有益的。 结构分析：此句为主从复合句。There is no need to do sth意为“没必要做某事”。for引导原因状语从句，从句中含有“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。 常用的类似句式还有： There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… There is no sense/point (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。 There is no difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事没有困难。 (1)(应用文写作之建议信)事实上，每个人都可能会经历一段似乎诸事不顺的时期，因此不必太担心。 Actually，everyone may go through a time when things seem to be going wrong，so there is no need to worry so much. (2)(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)毫无疑问，通过这次活动，我们对谚语“不劳则无获”有了更好的理解。 There is no doubt that through this activity，we have a better understanding of the saying “no pain，no gain”． (3)(应用文写作之建议信)在我看来，光心烦意乱而不采取任何措施没有任何意义。 From my point of view，there is no point/sense (in) getting upset without taking any measures. (4)积累了大量的资金和人力资源，这家公司在国内市场立足没有困难。 With a lot of funds and human resources accumulated，there is no difficulty (in) getting a foothold in the home market for the company. 课文重点词块默写 1．组成 make up 2．经历；通过 go through 3．使……接触…… expose...to... 4．和……竞争 compete with 5．阻止……做…… prevent...from doing 6．在……中起重要作用 play a vital role in 7．熬夜 stay up 8．很可能做…… be likely to do... 9．信不信由你 believe it or not 10．在……的早期 at the early stages of 11．利用 take advantage of 12．导致；引起 give rise to 13．能够 be capable of 14．摆脱；除去 get rid of 单句写作(课文佳句仿写) 1．过去的几年已经见证了技术在各个方面给我们带来的奇迹。(定语从句) The past few years has witnessed the miracles that/which technology has brought to us in varieties of aspects. 2．随着互联网系统的稳步发展，方便交流的梦想已经实现，让我们随时与朋友保持面对面的联系。(现在分词短语作状语) With steady development of the Internet system，the dream of convenient communication has been realized，allowing us to stay in contact with friends face to face anytime. 3．能生活在这样一个高度发达的时代，我确实感到很幸运。(强调谓语动词) I do feel fortunate to live in such a highly-developed era. 4．尽管互联网给我们带来了很多方便，但是许多青少年将自己与社会隔绝，增加了他们的孤独感。(while引导让步状语从句) While the Internet has brought us a lot of convenience，some teenagers isolated themselves from society，adding to their isolation. 组句成篇　以上句子可以加上过渡词语和其他联想内容组成一篇小短文。 As we can see，the past few years has witnessed the miracles that/which technology has brought to us in varieties of aspects.With steady development of the Internet system，the dream of convenient communication has been realized，allowing us to stay in contact with friends face to face anytime.I do feel fortunate to live in such a highly-developed era.However，every coin has two sides.While the Internet has brought us a lot of convenience，some teenagers isolated themselves from society，adding to their isolation. 训练1　Welcome to the unit & Reading(A) (满分：32.5分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A A high school senior in California called Ahmed Muhammad has started an organization that designs science kits(配套工具) for primary school students.He launched Kits Cubed to introduce kids to the wonders of science through fun，affordable，and accessible means，which owed to a babysitting experience. He was babysitting his nephew when he decided that the activity for the day would be a science experiment.His nephew told him that he hated science because he was bad at it.“He literally loved everything and then when I brought up science，he doubted himself，” Muhammad told CNN.Muhammad was not going to let his nephew’s self-doubt continue，so he decided to use simple science experiments to convince him that he was not bad at science. “We went to the store together and I had him pick out potatoes，and then I went to the hardware store to buy some copper nails，some galvanized(镀锌的) nails and some wire.And then，we made a battery out of them，” he said.That was how Muhammad successfully convinced his nephew that he was not bad at science.“He actually likes science now，” he said. From this experience，Muhammad started thinking to help more kids like his nephew.With the help of his teachers，he started designing science kits that explored real science concepts with simple everyday materials.So far，Kits Cubed sells three kinds of kits，with three experiments in each kit.Each kit sells for $15. According to Muhammad，Kits Cubed has reached more than 2,000 young people in Oakland so far.“My nephew told me he was bad at science.He didn’t like it.I want to remove that thought，and replace it with ‘I’m good at science and I can be a scientist if I want to’．That’s what I really want them to get out of the kits，” said Muhammad. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，加州的一个叫艾哈迈德穆罕默德的高中生成立了一个组织，为小学生设计科学工具包，通过有趣、实惠、方便的方式向孩子们介绍科学的奇迹。 1．What can we learn from Muhammad’s babysitting experience? A．Children usually hate scientific experiments. B．Muhammad got along well with his nephew. C．Muhammad extended his nephew’s interest. D．Children could hardly remove self-doubt. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“That was how Muhammad successfully convinced his nephew that he was not bad at science.‘He actually likes science now，’ he said.”可知Muhammad改变了侄子对于科学的态度。故选C。 2．What can we know about the science kits? A．They are still in the trial period. B．They use easily available materials. C．They include three experiments in total. D．They are independently designed by Muhammad. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“With the help of his teachers，he started designing science kits that explored real science concepts with simple everyday materials.”可知科学工具包用的是容易获得的日常材料，故选B。 3．Which of the following could best describe Ahmed Muhammad? A．Creative and capable. B．Active and independent. C．Tolerant and hard-working. D．Humorous and warm-hearted. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据首段内容可知Ahmed Muhammad自己设计工具包，非常有创意，并且可以将创意变成现实，有一定的能力，故选A。 4．What does Muhammad really expect children to gain from his science kits? A．The ability to do some research. B．The respect for science and scientists. C．The understanding of science concepts. D．The confidence in learning science well. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I want to remove that thought，and replace it with ‘I’m good at science and I can be a scientist if I want to’．That’s what I really want them to get out of the kits”可知他想孩子们通过他的科学工具包得到学习科学的自信，故选D。 B C．elegans is a tiny worm that scientists have been using for years to study aging，and they just made a new discovery.Researchers found that variations in a specific gene affected the lifespan of the worm，suggesting that the same genes could have similar effects on humans.The study is part of an ongoing effort to find genes that affect lifespan and are a potential target for anti-aging drugs. The worm is a popular model organism for studying aging because it’s easy to see how long they live.Unlike humans，the worm’s lifespan is measured in days，not years，which makes it easier to study the aging process.Previous studies have already shown that changes in diet，exercise，and drugs can affect the worm’s lifespan，but this is the first time a specific gene has been identified that affects lifespan. The specific gene，called DAF-16，is known to be involved in a variety of biological processes，including stress response and metabolism(新陈代谢)．When researchers changed the gene，they found that it increased the lifespan of the worm by up to 60%.The discovery could have implications for human aging，as the same gene exists in humans. Researchers caution that there’s still a long way to go before this discovery can be translated into anti-aging drugs.For one，the worm’s lifespan is so short that it’s difficult to know how the gene would affect humans over a longer period of time.Additionally，the study only looked at one gene while there are likely many other genes that affect lifespan.Still，the discovery is an important step in understanding the aging process and developing potential anti-aging treatments. Overall，the study highlights the potential of model organisms，like the lowly nematode(线虫)，in advancing our understanding of aging and developing new treatments.As the global population continues to age，research into the aging process will become increasingly important. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现了一种特定基因的变异会影响蠕虫的寿命，这表明人体内的相同基因可能对人类产生类似的影响。 5．What actually is the key factor affecting lifespan that has been newly discovered? A．C.elegans. B．Changes in diet. C．DAF-16. D．Stress response. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第三段内容可知，学者们近期发现被称为DAF-16的基因可能影响蠕虫甚至人类的寿命。故选C。 6．Why is it difficult to translate the discovery into anti-aging drugs? A．Humans’ lifespan is too changeable to predict. B．There is a huge gap between humans’ and worms’ lifestyle. C．The genes in humans are different from those in the worm. D．Other genes affecting lifespan need to be taken into consideration. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Researchers caution that there’s still a long way...while there are likely many other genes that affect lifespan.”可知，把这项发现转化为抗衰老药物的难处之一在于需要考虑其他影响寿命的基因。故选D。 7．What is the author’s overall attitude towards the discovery? A．Uninterested. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Worried. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据倒数第二段的“Still，the discovery is an important step in understanding the aging process and developing potential anti-aging treatments.”和末段内容可推知，作者对这项研究发现持积极的态度。故选C。 8．What is the main idea of the article? A．Great progress in the study of lifespan. B．The discovery of a worm affecting lifespan. C．The significance of organism in studying aging. D．The importance of research into the aging process. 答案　A 解析　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是首段可知，文章主要介绍研究人员发现了一种特定基因的变异会影响蠕虫的寿命，这表明人体内的相同基因可能对人类产生类似的影响，这是关于寿命的研究的一个巨大进展。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五(共5题；每小题2.5分，共12.5分) Can you remember a time when somebody was kind to you？Perhaps a person allowed you to go in front of them in a queue.Maybe your sister phoned you to ask how your week was going.Or perhaps a stranger or a friend helped you in a much deeper way. 1 Few people would disagree with the idea that a kind action is good for the soul.It is a win-win situation，leading to a sense of well-being for both the receiver and the giver.As a simple example，let’s imagine you have a workmate who always does a very good job. 2 Your workmate will be happy to receive some praise and，in addition，you will probably feel good about yourself for having spread a little joy. 3 The idea behind this is that it doesn’t take any major plan to be kind，just a little bit of effort.They believe that kindness can be taught and that it is contagious(有感染力的)．So by being kind to others，a more bright community and world will be created. Some websites suggest more imaginative ways to show kindness. 4 The first is interpersonal kindness.Some examples are donating old clothes to charity or writing a positive online comment about a restaurant that you like.The second is environmental kindness，which could mean simply recycling or organizing a group event to clean a local park or beach.The third category is less obvious：personal kindness，which means treating yourself kindly.Some examples are taking a walk in nature or setting yourself an objective to complain less. 5 A．Doing something good can be very hard. B．You praise it and show your admiration. C．Generally，these fall into three categories. D．Offering kindness can bring happiness. E．There are a million ways to offer kindness. F．People are encouraged to do random acts of kindness. G．If you are kind to yourself，you will naturally be kinder to others. 1．答案　E 解析　上文主要列举了几种别人对你的友善举动，段尾句对本段有总结作用，E项说明表达善意的方式有很多，作为总结恰到好处。故选E项。 2．答案　B 解析　上文说：作为一个简单的例子，让我们假设你有一个总是把工作做得很好的同事，下文说：你的同事会很高兴得到表扬，由此可推测，中间句应该表达你对同事的工作表示赞扬。故选B项。 3．答案　F 解析　下文说：这背后的想法是，变得善良不需要任何重大的计划，只要一点点努力，善意是可以被教导的，由此可知，此处应该提到鼓励人们去做一些随机的善举。故选F项。 4．答案　C 解析　由下文中的“The first...The second...The third...”可知，此空应提出有三种表达善意的做法。故选C项。 5．答案　G 解析　上文说：第三种则不那么明显：个人善良，这意味着善待自己，由此可知，选项承接上文，说明善待自己的作用。故选G项。 训练2　Welcome to the unit & Reading(B) (满分：35分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8题；每小题2.5分，共20分) A Ever since the 1960s，seismologist(地震学家) on multiple continents have detected a mysterious pulse that every 26 seconds.But in the last 60 years no one has been able to figure out what this sound actually is. The “heartbeat of the Earth” was first recorded in 1962，by John Oliver，a researcher at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory，Columbia University.Then，in 1980，Gary Holcomb，a geologist with the U．S.Geological Survey，also discovered the mysterious pulse.But for some reason，the two researchers’ discoveries remained virtually unknown for over two decades，until a graduate student at the University of Colorado，Boulder，once again detected the “heartbeat” and decided to look into it. Mike Ritzwoller，a seismologist at the University of Colorado，did a lot of work with his colleague，but they were never able to explain what it actually was. One theory claims that it’s caused by waves，while another states that it’s due to volcanic activity.The wave theory dates back to 2011，when Garrett Euler，a graduate student at Washington University in St.Louis，tied the origin of the pulse to a part of the Gulf of Guinea called the Bight of Bonny.According to him，when waves hit the continental shelf，the pressure deforms the ocean floor，causing pulses that reflect the wave pattern.Euler’s theory was believable，but not everyone was convinced by it.In 2013，Yingjie Xia，a researcher from the Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics in Wuhan，China，suggested that the source of the 26-second pulse was volcanic activity.His theory made sense as well.But neither of the two theories fully explain the pulse. Why does the 26-second pulse only occur in the Bight of Bonny? Waves hit coastlines all over the world，and there are plenty of other regions with seismic activity，so what is so special about this place? Well，that’s one question that no one has ever answered.And it’s not just that it’s a tough puzzle to solve，but also that seismologists don’t really seem interested in it. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了自20世纪60年代以来，多个大洲的地震学家已经探测到每26秒一次的神秘脉冲，但还没有人能够弄清楚这到底是什么。 1．What can be inferred about the “heartbeat of the Earth” from the passage? A．Researchers have found out exactly what it is. B．It was first detected in 1962 by Gary Holcomb. C．It can only be felt when you are in the Bight of Bonny. D．It wasn’t until the 2000s that it caught people’s attention. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段内容，尤其最后一句可推知，“地球的心跳”直到21世纪初才真正引起人们的注意。故选D。 2．What is the last paragraph but one mainly about? A．How these two theories came about. B．An explanation of Euler’s wave theory. C．Two theories about what causes the pulse. D．Why these two theories are not convincing enough. 答案　C 解析　段落大意题。根据倒数第二段首句“One theory claims that it’s caused by waves，while another states that it’s due to volcanic activity.”以及之后的介绍可知，本段讲了两个关于脉冲成因的理论。故选C。 3．What is seismologists’ attitude towards finding out why the pulse only happens in the Bight of Bonny? A．Indifferent. B．Curious. C．Anxious. D．Amused. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“And it’s not just that it’s a tough puzzle to solve，but also that seismologists don’t really seem interested in it.”可知，地震学家对这个问题并不感兴趣。故选A。 4．What would be a suitable title for this passage? A．Earth’s Heartbeat—A Mysterious Sound B．Two Theories Related to Earth’s Heartbeat C．Bight of Bonny—Home to Earth’s Heartbeat D．The Reason Why Earth’s Heartbeat Happens 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了地球的脉冲，包括人们对其的发现和推测，所以最合适的标题为A项“地球的心跳——一道很神秘的声音”。故选A。 B The wires, screens and batteries that make up our devices—not to mention the plastic, metal and other materials that package them—are filling up landfills.Some e-waste is relatively large: old phones and air conditioners, for instance.Other e-waste is more hidden, such as electronic single-use medical diagnostic kits, environmental sensors, and smart labels that contain one-off batteries and other equipment. “It’s these small batteries that are big problems, ” says public health scientist Dele Ogunseitan.“Nobody really pays attention to where they end up.” Researchers at the Cellulose & Wood Materials Laboratory at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology(EMPA) are working to address this problem.Their new paper in Scientific Reports describes a paper battery developed from environmentally friendly materials that could eventually present a sustainable alternative to the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices. The paper battery has the same key components as standard batteries but packages them differently.Like a typical chemical battery, it has a positively charged side called a cathode(正极), a negatively charged side called an anode(负极), and a conductive material called an electrolyte(电解质) between the two.A traditional battery’s components are packaged in plastic and metal; in the new battery, the anode and cathode are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper.That paper is filled with salt, which dissolves(溶解) when the paper is dampened with water.The resulting saltwater solution acts as the electrolyte. When the paper is dry, the battery is shelf-stable.Add just a couple of drops of water, however, and the salt dissolves, allowing electrons to flow.Once the paper is dampened, the battery becomes active within 20 seconds.The new battery’s operating performance declines as the paper dries.When the scientists rewet the paper during testing, the battery regained functionality and lasted an hour before beginning to dry out again. 5．What can we infer about small disposal batteries according to Dele Ogunseitan? A．They are no big problems. B．They need to be addressed. C．They should be made larger. D．They are environmentally friendly. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Other e-waste is more hidden, such as...one-off batteries and other equipment.”以及第二段中“It’s these small batteries that are big problems”可知，较小的一次性电池垃圾较为隐蔽，但它们是真正的大问题。由此推断这些较小的一次性电池垃圾是亟须解决的。故选B。 6．What’s special about the new battery? A．It has a cathode and an anode. B．It has different key components. C．Its cathode and anode are printed on paper. D．Its components are packaged in plastic and metal. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“A traditional battery’s components...are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper.”可知，新型电池的特殊之处在于它的正极和负极是被印在纸上的。故选C。 7．What is used to make the new battery start to operate? A．Salt. B．Metal. C．Ink. D．Water. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Add just a couple of drops of water, however, and the salt dissolves, allowing electrons to flow.”可知，只要加入几滴水，盐就会溶解，让电子流动，所以使新型电池开始工作的是水。故选D。 8．In which section can we find the text? A．Advances. B．Reviews. C．Culture. D．Opinion. 答案　A 解析　文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一种新型的电池可以减少电子垃圾的产生。故可以推断文章出自科技进展部分。故选A。 Ⅱ.完形填空(共15题；每小题1分，共15分) It was a small graduation party.Only Ed，Max，Raul and I were there.All three men，each over the age of fifty，had achieved a 1 in their lives.They could 2 . Overcoming decades of 3 and a lifetime of covering up their illiteracy，these three men had signed up for a free three-month course，taught by me. “I take the bus every day to work，” said Ed.“I have done it for over thirty years.Just yesterday I 4 what the words ‘Emergency Exit’ mean.” Max reported that he was 5 to understand much of Monday’s newspaper sports article on his beloved Dallas Cowboys. 6 ，his break time was spent 7 to read in the hope that his co-workers would never discover his shameful secret.As our final night came to a close，Raul took my hand between his rough ones：“You gave me a 8 .You gave me a new life.” Being so young，I did not grasp the full 9 of his simple statement until my own gray hairs appeared and a(n) 10 downturn robbed me of my work and income security.Now I’m the 11 of my former pupils and my future needs a 12 button.I realize that limiting my destiny(命运) because of my age or my lack of skills is 13 .A future with many wonderful opportunities could belong to me as long as I have the courage to 14 it out and work for it. Like Ed，Max and Raul，I am determined to make a new life for myself.They 15 me well. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者年轻时教会了三个年过五十的人识字，他们说作者给了他们新的生命。作者当时没有完全明白，直到年老时才明白因为年龄或技能的缺乏而限制自己的命运是愚蠢的，他决心为自己开创新的生活。 1．A.first B．medal C．career D．prize 答案　A 解析　根据第二段内容“这三个人克服了几十年的尴尬和掩盖自己的文盲的一生，报名参加了一个由我教授的为期三个月的免费课程”可知，此处是指这三个已年过五十的人都取得了人生中的空前成就。first在此意为“空前的成就”。故选A。 2．A.work B．survive C．read D．drive 答案　C 解析　根据第三、四段内容可知，此处是指他们可以阅读了。故选C。 3．A.sorrow B．depression C．threat D．embarrassment 答案　D 解析　根据“a lifetime of covering up their illiteracy”和第四段的“shameful secret”可知，此处是指几十年不识字的尴尬。故选D。 4．A.heard about B．looked through C．put forward D．figured out 答案　D 解析　根据下文“understand much of Monday’s newspaper sports article”可推知，此处是指他理解了“紧急出口”是什么意思。故选D。 5．A.likely B．able C．cautious D．eager 答案　B 解析　根据上下文语境可知，此处是指他能够理解周一的报纸上关于他心爱的达拉斯牛仔队的体育文章的大部分内容。故选B。 6．A.Ultimately B．Lately C．Previously D．Gradually 答案　C 解析　根据“in the hope that his co-workers would never discover his shameful secret”可知，此处是指之前的事。故选C。 7．A.learning B．continuing C．managing D．pretending 答案　D 解析　根据“in the hope that his co-workers would never discover his shameful secret”可知，此处是指他的休息时间都用来假装阅读。故选D。 8．A.future B．choice C．break D．lesson 答案　A 解析　根据“You gave me a new life.”可知，此处是指给了他一个未来。故选A。 9．A.purpose B．wisdom C．comment D．background 答案　B 解析　根据下文叙述尤其是“A future with many wonderful opportunities could belong to me”可知，此处是指“我”直到年老失去工作时才明白他这句简单的话的全部智慧。故选B。 10．A.educational B．scientific C．physical D．economic 答案　D 解析　根据“robbed me of my work and income security”可知，此处是指经济衰退剥夺了“我”的工作和收入保障。故选D。 11．A.age B．example C．image D．guide 答案　A 解析　根据“my own gray hairs appeared”可知，此处是指现在“我”的年龄和“我”以前的学生差不多了。故选A。 12．A.new B．restart C．special D．play 答案　B 解析　根据“I am determined to make a new life for myself”可知，此处是指“我”的未来需要一个重新开始的按钮。故选B。 13．A.crucial B．reasonable C．foolish D．annoying 答案　C 解析　根据“limiting my destiny (命运) because of my age or my lack of skills”可知，此处是指因为年龄或技能的缺乏而限制自己的命运是愚蠢的。故选C。 14．A.seek B．let C．bring D．carry 答案　A 解析　根据“work for it”可知，此处是指勇于去寻找机会。故选A。 15．A.trained B．taught C．cloned D．controlled 答案　B 解析　根据“Like Ed，Max and Raul，I am determined to make a new life for myself.”可知，此处是指他们教了“我”很多。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $