Unit4 Fun with science Welcome and Reading 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版选修第一册

B8U4 Fun with science Reading——The human microbiome: an invisible microuniverse 2. How do you think microorganisms harm or benefit us? Microorganisms benefit us in various ways. For example, they are used to make certain foods we enjoy like cheese and yoghurt. Others harm us by making us ill like the viruses that cause the common cold and the flu. 1. Where can you find microorganisms? As microorganisms are so tiny and numerous, I think they can be found everywhere. They live in water, soil and air, and on all objects. They are also found on and inside our body. Warm up Para 1 Blog post Paras 2-5 The Body Para 6 Conclusion Introduction What is the genre(体裁) or type of the passage? Introduction Para. 1: Microorganisms influence our body and mind in big unexpected ways. Conclusion Main Body Para. 6: Para. 2: Para. 5: Paras. 3–4: Microorganisms influence our physical health as well as cognitive and psychological well-being. __________________________________________ __________________________________________ Our microorganisms come from our mother as well as the external environment. The world of microorganisms is filled with possibilities waiting to be explored. _________________________________________ _________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Microorganisms can be used to improve human health. Introduction: definition + general influence Origin & lifelong changes of our body microorganism Physical, cognitive, and psychological influences Scientific medical applications Potential of microorganisms and future exploration of invisible microuniverse. Task 1: Translate the paragraph. Task 2: Analyze the sentence: They are the estimated 39 trillion microorganisms living in and on our body, like bacteria and viruses, which compose the human microbiome! Para. 1 Task 1: Translate the paragraph. Task 2: Try to work in pairs, and raise a question according to this paragraph (with 4 choices if possible). Para. 2 Task 1: Translate the paragraph. Task 2: Analyze the sentence: Besides helping digest food, evidence indicates that gut microorganisms affect the way we store fat and respond to chemicals that make us feel hungry or full. Task 3: Try to work in pairs, and raise a question according to this paragraph (with 4 choices if possible). Para. 3 Task 1: Translate the paragraph. Task 2: Analyze the sentence: While scientists are still at the early stages of uncovering exactly how gut microorganisms communicate with the brain, they do know that the brain and the gut “talk” to each other. Task 3: Try to work in pairs, and raise a question according to this paragraph (with 4 choices if possible). Para. 4 Task 1: Translate the paragraph. Task 2: Analyze the sentence: Given their importance, scientists are working hard to find out how we can take advantage of microorganisms within the field of human health. Task 3: Try to work in pairs, and raise a question according to this paragraph (with 4 choices if possible). Para. 5 Detailed reading 1. What can we learn about the development of human microorganisms from the passage? A. All the microorganisms in our body remain unchanged throughout our lifetime. B. Most essential microorganisms come from mothers, with core ones relatively stable later. C. People’s personal microbiome stops developing completely after the age of two. D. Foreign microorganisms have no influence on our body’s microbiome system. 2. Which of the physical effects of microorganisms is true according to the text? They only help human bodies digest food and have no other functions. Imbalanced gut microbiome may lead to weight problems and sleeping disorders. Invading microorganisms always strengthen our immune system naturally. Staying up has no long-term influence on biological schedules of microbes. 3. What do we know about the gut-brain interactions from the passage? Scientists have fully discovered all the communication rules between gut and brain. Harmful substances from gut microbes will never reach human brain. Gut microbes’ imbalance will negatively affect brain function and mental health. Memory loss is merely caused by aging instead of gut microorganism problems. 4. What can be learned about future medical applications of microbiome research? A. Microbiome vaccines have already been widely used to treat obesity worldwide. B. Microbiome transplants work by replacing harmful microbes with beneficial ones. C. The research will stop exploring new medicines for mental illnesses forever. D. All current human health problems can be completely solved by microbiome technology. Post reading Q1: Why does the author call human microbiome “an invisible microuniverse”? Combine the whole passage to explain. The author calls human microbiome an invisible microuniverse mainly for three reasons. First, countless tiny microorganisms live inside and on our bodies, but they cannot be seen with our naked eyes. Second, they form a complete independent system inside human bodies, just like a small universe. Besides, these microorganisms have huge influences on our physical health, mental state, brain function and daily life. What’s more, their potential is limitless and there are still plenty of unknown secrets waiting for scientists to explore, which is similar to the great universe. Q2: What healthy habits can we develop in daily life to take good care of our gut microorganisms? From the passage, we know that our microbiome is closely connected with our physical and mental health. To keep it balanced, we should keep a regular sleep schedule and avoid staying up late. Besides, a healthy diet is helpful for our gut microorganisms. What’s more, we should keep positive moods and reduce daily stress, which will protect our gut-brain interaction as well. Only in these ways can we enjoy the benefits of our invisible microuniverse. Word Bank Please try to accumulate words or expressions to your word bank. $